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Gharbi T, Liu C, Khan H, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Tang Y. Hypoxic Preconditioned Neural Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Contain Distinct Protein Cargo from Their Normal Counterparts. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1982-1997. [PMID: 36975497 PMCID: PMC10047917 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning has been demonstrated to increase the resistance of neural stem cells (NSCs) to hypoxic conditions, as well as to improve their capacity for differentiation and neurogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as critical mediators of cell–cell communication, but their role in this hypoxic conditioning is presently unknown. Here, we demonstrated that three hours of hypoxic preconditioning triggers significant neural stem cell EV release. Proteomic profiling of EVs from normal and hypoxic preconditioned neural stem cells identified 20 proteins that were upregulated and 22 proteins that were downregulated after hypoxic preconditioning. We also found an upregulation of some of these proteins by qPCR, thus indicating differences also at the transcript level within the EVs. Among the upregulated proteins are CNP, Cyfip1, CASK, and TUBB5, which are well known to exhibit significant beneficial effects on neural stem cells. Thus, our results not only show a significant difference of protein cargo in EVs consequent to hypoxic exposure, but identify several candidate proteins that might play a pivotal role in the cell-to-cell mediated communication underlying neuronal differentiation, protection, maturation, and survival following exposure to hypoxic conditions.
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Banna FKE, Otto JM, Mulloy SM, Tsai W, McElroy SM, Wong AL, Cutts G, Vrieze SI, Lee AM. Back-translating GWAS findings to animal models reveals a role for Hgfac and Slc39a8 in alcohol and nicotine consumption. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9336. [PMID: 35661789 PMCID: PMC9167284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and tobacco are the most commonly used addictive substances, with high comorbidity rates between alcohol use disorder and tobacco use disorder. Risk for alcohol and nicotine addiction is highly heritable, and they share common genetic factors. A GWAS in over 1 million individuals has revealed 566 genetic variants in 406 loci associated with multiple stages of alcohol and tobacco use. Three novel genes-SLC39A8, GRK4 and HGFAC-within loci associated with altered alcoholic drinks per week (ADW) or cigarettes per day (CPD) were selected to further study their role in alcohol and tobacco use disorder. The role of these genes was assessed using the two-bottle choice addiction paradigm in transgenic mice for each of the genes. We found significant decreases in chronic alcohol consumption and preference in female Hgfac knockout (KO) mice, and decreased nicotine preference in male Hgfac KO compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Additionally, male Slc39a8 hypomorph mice showed greater overall nicotine preference compared with WT mice, while no differences were detected for Grk4 KO mice in alcohol or nicotine consumption and preference in either sex. Thus, this study implicates Hgfac and Slc39a8 in alcohol and tobacco use in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K El Banna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J M Otto
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S M Mulloy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - W Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S M McElroy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A L Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - G Cutts
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S I Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A M Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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The dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3: multidisease risks. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1031-1046. [PMID: 34650206 PMCID: PMC9008071 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The human dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3 has been consistently implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases but the disease mechanism remains elusive. In this risk synthesis, we have concluded that SLC6A3 represents an increasingly recognized risk with a growing number of familial mutants associated with neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. At least five loci were related to common and severe diseases including alcohol use disorder (high activity variant), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (low activity variant), autism (familial proteins with mutated networking) and movement disorders (both regulatory variants and familial mutations). Association signals depended on genetic markers used as well as ethnicity examined. Strong haplotype selection and gene-wide epistases support multimarker assessment of functional variations and phenotype associations. Inclusion of its promoter region's functional markers such as DNPi (rs67175440) and 5'VNTR (rs70957367) may help delineate condensate-based risk action, testing a locus-pathway-phenotype hypothesis for one gene-multidisease etiology.
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Xiong N, Schiller MR, Li J, Chen X, Lin Z. Severe COVID-19 in Alzheimer's disease: APOE4's fault again? Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:111. [PMID: 34118974 PMCID: PMC8197596 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Challenges have been recognized in healthcare of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the COVID-19 pandemic, given a high infection and mortality rate of COVID-19 in these patients. This situation urges the identification of underlying risks and preferably biomarkers for evidence-based, more effective healthcare. Towards this goal, current literature review and network analysis synthesize available information on the AD-related gene APOE into four lines of mechanistic evidence. At a cellular level, the risk isoform APOE4 confers high infectivity by the underlying coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; at a genetic level, APOE4 is associated with severe COVID-19; at a pathway level, networking connects APOE with COVID-19 risk factors such as ACE2, TMPRSS2, NRP1, and LZTFL1; at a behavioral level, APOE4-associated dementia may increase the exposure to coronavirus infection which causes COVID-19. Thus, APOE4 could exert multiple actions for high infection and mortality rates of the patients, or generally, with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Martin R Schiller
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine and School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Laboratory for Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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