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Ruta S, Popescu CP, Matei L, Grancea C, Paun AM, Oprea C, Sultana C. SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in People Living with HIV. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:663. [PMID: 38932392 PMCID: PMC11209143 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressed individuals, such as people living with HIV (PLWH), remain vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We analyzed the persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses in a retrospective, cross-sectional study in PLWH on antiretroviral therapy. Among 104 participants, 70.2% had anti-S IgG antibodies, and 55.8% had significant neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant in a surrogate virus neutralization test. Only 38.5% were vaccinated (8.76 ± 4.1 months prior), all displaying anti-S IgG, 75% with neutralizing antibodies and anti-S IgA. Overall, 29.8% of PLWH had no SARS-CoV-2 serologic markers; they displayed significantly lower CD4 counts and higher HIV viral load. Severe immunosuppression (present in 12.5% of participants) was linked to lower levels of detectable anti-S IgG (p = 0.0003), anti-S IgA (p < 0.0001) and lack of neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant (p < 0.0001). T-cell responses were present in 86.7% of tested participants, even in those lacking serological markers. In PLWH without severe immunosuppression, neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses persisted for up to 9 months post-infection or vaccination. Advanced immunosuppression led to diminished humoral immune responses but retained specific cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ruta
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.); (C.O.); (C.S.)
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Corneliu Petru Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.); (C.O.); (C.S.)
- Dr. Victor Babes Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lilia Matei
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Camelia Grancea
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Adrian Marius Paun
- Dr. Victor Babes Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristiana Oprea
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.); (C.O.); (C.S.)
- Dr. Victor Babes Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Camelia Sultana
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.); (C.O.); (C.S.)
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (C.G.)
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Montesi G, Augello M, Polvere J, Marchetti G, Medaglini D, Ciabattini A. Predicting humoral responses to primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people living with HIV: a machine learning approach. J Transl Med 2024; 22:432. [PMID: 38715088 PMCID: PMC11077794 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are highly immunogenic in people living with HIV (PLWH) on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, whether viro-immunologic parameters or other factors affect immune responses to vaccination is debated. This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based model able to predict the humoral response to mRNA vaccines in PLWH and to assess the impact of demographic and clinical variables on antibody production over time. METHODS Different machine learning algorithms have been compared in the setting of a longitudinal observational study involving 497 PLWH, after primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Both Generalized Linear Models and non-linear Models (Tree Regression and Random Forest) were trained and tested. RESULTS Non-linear algorithms showed better ability to predict vaccine-elicited humoral responses. The best-performing Random Forest model identified a few variables as more influential, within 39 clinical, demographic, and immunological factors. In particular, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, BMI, CD4 T-cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio were positively associated with the primary cycle immunogenicity, yet their predictive value diminished with the administration of booster doses. CONCLUSIONS In the present work we have built a non-linear Random Forest model capable of accurately predicting humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, and identifying relevant factors that influence the vaccine response in PLWH. In clinical contexts, the application of this model provides promising opportunities for predicting individual vaccine responses, thus facilitating the development of vaccination strategies tailored for PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Montesi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Polvere
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Springer DN, Daller S, Knappik M, Prüger K, Hartl S, Breyer-Kohansal R, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Aberle JH, Weseslindtner L, Breyer MK. A Multivariant Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Demonstrates Distinct SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses in People Living with HIV after a Fourth Monovalent mRNA Vaccination or an Omicron Breakthrough Infection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:822. [PMID: 38667468 PMCID: PMC11049121 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by monovalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations are primarily directed against the wildtype (WT), subsequent exposure to the Omicron variants may increase the breadth of the antibodies' cross-neutralizing activity. Here, we analyzed the impact of an Omicron breakthrough infection (BTI) or a fourth monovalent mRNA vaccination on nAb profiles in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Using a multivariant surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), we quantified nAbs in 36 three-times vaccinated PLWH, of whom 9 acquired a serologically confirmed Omicron BTI, 8 received a fourth vaccine dose, and 19 were neither infected nor additionally vaccinated. While nAbs against WT and Delta increased after the BTI and a fourth vaccination, a significant increase against BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 was only observed after the BTI. However, there was no significant difference in nAb concentrations between the samples obtained after the BTI and fourth vaccination. In contrast, nAb levels were significantly lower in PLWH, who were neither infected nor additionally vaccinated after three vaccinations. Thus, our study demonstrates the suitability of a multivariant sVNT to assess hybrid humoral immunity after Omicron BTIs in PLWH vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Niklas Springer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.N.S.); (K.P.); (E.P.-S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Simon Daller
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (R.B.-K.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Michael Knappik
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (R.B.-K.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Katja Prüger
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.N.S.); (K.P.); (E.P.-S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Sylvia Hartl
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (R.B.-K.); (M.K.B.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (R.B.-K.); (M.K.B.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.N.S.); (K.P.); (E.P.-S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Judith Helene Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.N.S.); (K.P.); (E.P.-S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Lukas Weseslindtner
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.N.S.); (K.P.); (E.P.-S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Marie Kathrin Breyer
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (R.B.-K.); (M.K.B.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria
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Choi MJ, Hyun H, Heo JY, Seo YB, Noh JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, Kim HJ, Choi JY, Lee YJ, Chung EJ, Kim SH, Jeong H, Kim B, Song JY. Longitudinal immune kinetics of COVID-19 booster versus primary series vaccination: Insight into the annual vaccination strategy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27211. [PMID: 38468934 PMCID: PMC10926122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Data on the durability of booster dose immunity of COVID-19 vaccines are relatively limited. Methods Immunogenicity was evaluated for up to 9-12 months after the third dose of vaccination in 94 healthy adults. Results Following the third dose, the anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response against the wild-type was boosted markedly, which decreased gradually over time. However, even 9-12 months after the booster dose, both the median and geometric mean of anti-spike IgG antibody levels were higher than those measured 4 weeks after the second dose. Breakthrough infection during the Omicron-dominant period boosted neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron sublineages (BA.1 and BA.5) and the ancestral strain. T-cell immune response was efficiently induced and maintained during the study period. Conclusions mRNA vaccine booster dose elicited durable humoral immunity for up to 1 year after the third dose and T-cell immunity was sustained during the study period, supporting an annual COVID-19 vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakjun Hyun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Seo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center - Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center - Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center - Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ASAN Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-yeon Choi
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Chung
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwan Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Jeong
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungguk Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center - Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wolff M, Charpentier P, Canals A, Vial C, Hormazábal J, Cortés J, Silva M. Humoral immune response in people living with HIV after administration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CoronaVac or BNT162b2 or CoronaVac/BNT162b2 booster sequence: A cross-sectional study. Vaccine 2024; 42:671-676. [PMID: 38123398 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited. This study evaluated the humoral immune response to CoronaVac™ (virus inactivated) and BNT162b2 (mRNA- based) vaccines in PLWH and HIV-negative controls, with and without a booster sequence. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on PLWH and HIV-negative controls who received CoronaVac or BNT162b2, with a subgroup receiving a CoronaVac/BNT162b2 booster. Blood samples were collected 4-6 months after primary vaccination and tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein S (aSAb) and neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) using validated assays. Immune response was evaluated by age, sex, previous COVID-19 history, and CD4 + cell count. FINDINGS One hundred and eighty nine participants were enrolled with 161 (85%) being PLWH. Among participants without previous known COVID-19, median aSAb levels were significantly lower in PLWH who received CoronaVac compared to BNT162b2 (32 U/mL vs. 587 U/mL, p < 0.001), with similar results in HIV-negative controls. NtAb presence was also significantly lower after CoronaVac compared to BNT162b2 (30% vs. 93%, p < 0.001). The booster sequence group showed a significant increase in aSAb titers in both PLWH and HIV-negative controls (from 33 U/ml to 2500 U/ml, p < 0.001), and NtAb positivity increased from 20% to 95 % in PLWH, and 27% to 100% in HIV-negative controls. Prior COVID-19 led to significantly higher post-vaccine antibody titers particularly in the BNT162b2 group. PLWH with CD4 + count < 200 cells/mL showed a weaker immune response to both vaccines. INTERPRETATION CoronaVac resulted in a weaker immune response in both PLWH and HIV-negative controls compared to BNT162b2, particularly in immunosuppressed PLWH without prior COVID-19. Hybrid immunity and heterologous booster vaccination increased antibody levels. FUNDING Local funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Wolff
- University of Chile, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile; Infectious Disease Unit, San Borja Arriarán Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Arriarán Foundation, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Paulo Charpentier
- University of Chile, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile; Infectious Disease Unit, San Borja Arriarán Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Canals
- Public Health School, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Hantavirus and Zoonosis Program, Institute of Science and Innovation in Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Hormazábal
- Hantavirus and Zoonosis Program, Institute of Science and Innovation in Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jimena Cortés
- Hantavirus and Zoonosis Program, Institute of Science and Innovation in Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Silva
- Infectious Disease Unit, San Borja Arriarán Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Arriarán Foundation, Santiago, Chile
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Qu MM, Song B, Yang BP, Wang Z, Yu M, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Song JW, Fan X, Xu R, Zhang JY, Zhou CB, Du F, Wang FS, Huang HH, Jiao YM. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection on HIV Reservoirs and T-Cell Immune Recovery in 3-Dose Vaccinated People Living with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:2427. [PMID: 38140668 PMCID: PMC10748120 DOI: 10.3390/v15122427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are a vulnerable population with a higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); therefore, vaccination is recommended as a priority. Data on viral reservoirs and immunologic outcomes for PLWH breakthrough infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are currently limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection on hematological parameters, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir size, and T-cell recovery in PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) after SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination. The results indicated that during breakthrough infection, booster vaccination with homologous and heterologous vaccines was safe in PLWH after receiving two doses of inactivated vaccination. The absolute CD4 counts decreased in the heterologous group, whereas the CD8 counts decreased in the homologous booster group after breakthrough infection in PLWH. Breakthrough infection increased HIV reservoirs and was associated with increased T-cell activation in PLWH who received virally suppressed ART and a 3-dose vaccination. According to our data, the breakthrough infection of SARS-CoV-2 may put PLWH at a greater risk for increased HIV reservoirs, even if these individuals were virally suppressed with ART after 3-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Qu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Bao-Peng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Zerui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Minrui Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Fengxia Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Hui-Huang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
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Cheng MQ, Li R, Weng ZY, Song G. Immunogenicity and effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccination among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1275843. [PMID: 37877024 PMCID: PMC10591097 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1275843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of booster vaccinations with the coronavirus virus disease (COVID-19) vaccine on people living with HIV (PLWH) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the immunogenicity and effectiveness of booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in PLWH. Methods Literature research was done through the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Review, and Web of Science databases up to 4 July 2023. Pooled estimates were calculated and compared using the DerSimonian and Laird method for a random effects model. Randomized control trials and observational studies were both considered for inclusion. Results We included 35 eligible studies covering 30,154 PLWH. The pooled immune response rate (IRR) of PLWH after the COVID-19 booster vaccination was 97.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.81-99.49), and similar to healthy control (HC) (risk ratio [RR] = 0.98, 95% CI, 0.96-1.00). The pooled IRR for PLWH with CD4+ T-cell counts ≤ 200 was 86.27 (95% CI, 65.35-99.07). For Omicron variants, the pooled IRR for PLWH after booster dose was 74.07% (95% CI, 58.83-89.30), and the risk of IRR was reduced by 10% in PLWH compared with HC (RR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.80-1.00). The T-cell immune response of PLWH was found to be comparable to HC (p ≥ 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that mRNA vaccines produced a relatively high IRR in PLWH compared to other vaccines. In addition, the results showed that booster vaccination appeared to further reduce the risk of COVID-19-related infections, hospitalizations, and deaths compared with the primary vaccination. Conclusion It was shown that booster vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine provided a high IRR in PLWH and still produced a desirable moderate IRR in PLWH with a CD4+ T-cell count of ≤ 200. Importantly, the humoral and T-cell responses to booster vaccination in PLWH were comparable to HC, and similar results were observed with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Our review strongly emphasizes the effect of mRNA vaccine booster vaccination in PLWH on eliciting desirable protective IRR. Furthermore, booster vaccination appears to further reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death in PLWH compared to primary vaccination. However, more evidence is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qun Cheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Gao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
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Marchitto L, Chatterjee D, Ding S, Gendron-Lepage G, Tauzin A, Boutin M, Benlarbi M, Medjahed H, Sylla M, Lanctôt H, Durand M, Finzi A, Tremblay C. Humoral Responses Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in People Living with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:2004. [PMID: 37896781 PMCID: PMC10612047 DOI: 10.3390/v15102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits strong humoral responses in the general population, humoral responses in people living with HIV (PLWH) remain to be clarified. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study of vaccine immunogenicity elicited after two and three doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in PLWH stratified by their CD4 count. We measured the capacity of the antibodies elicited by vaccination to bind the Spike glycoprotein of different variants of concern (VOCs). We also evaluated the Fc-mediated effector functions of these antibodies by measuring their ability to eliminate CEM.NKr cells stably expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spikes. Finally, we measured the relative capacity of the antibodies to neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus after the third dose of mRNA vaccine. We found that after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, PLWH with a CD4 count < 250/mm3 had lower levels of anti-RBD IgG antibodies compared to PLWH with a CD4 count > 250/mm3 (p < 0.05). A third dose increased these levels and importantly, no major differences were observed in their capacity to mediate Fc-effector functions and neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of mRNA vaccine boosting in immuno-compromised individuals presenting low levels of CD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marianne Boutin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Mohamed Sylla
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hélène Lanctôt
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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