Left Atrial Appendage: Variations in Morphology and Position Causing Pitfalls in Pediatric Echocardiographic Diagnosis

A Case of a Left Atrial Appendage Disguised as a Coronary Artery Aneurysm

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LAA is a complex, variable anatomic structure that can be mistaken for other cardiac structures.

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Color and spectral Doppler may help to discern the LAA from surrounding structures.

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Cross-sectional imaging such as CTA can aid in defining the morphology of the LAA.

Left atrial appendage exclusion for atrial fibrillation

Percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure is being increasingly used as a treatment strategy to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have contraindications to anticoagulants. Several approaches and devices have been developed in the last few years, each with their own unique set of advantages and disadvantages. In this article, the published studies on surgical and percutaneous approaches to LAA closure are reviewed, focusing on stroke mechanisms in AF, LAA structure and function relevant to stroke prevention, practical differences in procedural approach, and clinical considerations surrounding management.

Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Stroke Prevention: Emerging Technologies

Current anticoagulant therapies aimed at stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) are increasingly challenged by a complex patient population at significant risk of bleeding. Mounting evidence shows that left atrial appendage (LAA) closure is an effective strategy for reducing stroke risk in patients with nonvalvular AF, without the need for anticoagulation. Several approaches and devices have been developed in recent years, each with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. This article reviews these approaches, identifies pertinent aspects, and outlines necessary or ongoing research in establishing LAA closure as a safe and effective approach to stroke risk reduction.