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Kantor PF, Shi L, Colan SD, Orav EJ, Wilkinson JD, Hamza TH, Webber SA, Canter CE, Towbin JA, Everitt MD, Pahl E, Ware SM, Rusconi PG, Lamour JM, Jefferies JL, Addonizio LJ, Lipshultz SE. Progressive Left Ventricular Remodeling for Predicting Mortality in Children With Dilated Cardiomyopathy: The Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e022557. [PMID: 38214257 PMCID: PMC10926795 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy often leads to death or cardiac transplantation. We sought to determine whether changes in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), LV end-diastolic posterior wall thickness, and LV fractional shortening (LVFS) over time may help predict adverse outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied children up to 18 years old with dilated cardiomyopathy, enrolled between 1990 and 2009 in the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. Changes in LVFS, LVEDD, LV end-diastolic posterior wall thickness, and the LV end-diastolic posterior wall thickness:LVEDD ratio between baseline and follow-up echocardiograms acquired ≈1 year after diagnosis were determined for children who, at the 1-year follow-up had died, received a heart transplant, or were alive and transplant-free. Within 1 year after diagnosis, 40 (5.0%) of the 794 eligible children had died, 117 (14.7%) had undergone cardiac transplantation, and 585 (73.7%) had survived without transplantation. At diagnosis, survivors had higher median LVFS and lower median LVEDD Z scores. Median LVFS and LVEDD Z scores improved among survivors (Z score changes of +2.6 and -1.1, respectively) but remained stable or worsened in the other 2 groups. The LV end-diastolic posterior wall thickness:LVEDD ratio increased in survivors only, suggesting beneficial reverse LV remodeling. The risk for death or cardiac transplantation up to 7 years later was lower when LVFS was improved at 1 year (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; P=0.004) but was higher in those with progressive LV dilation (HR, 1.45; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Progressive deterioration in LV contractile function and increasing LV dilation are associated with both early and continuing mortality in children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Serial echocardiographic monitoring of these children is therefore indicated. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00005391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Kantor
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA
| | - Ling Shi
- New England Research InstitutesWatertownMA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elfriede Pahl
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven E. Lipshultz
- University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesBuffaloNY
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Al-Sadawi M, Tao M, Frye J, Dianati-Maleki N, Mann N. The Use of Quality Improvement Interventions in Reducing Rarely Appropriate Cardiac Imaging. Am J Cardiol 2023; 207:349-355. [PMID: 37774477 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.08.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of cardiac imaging has become increasingly prevalent over the last decade. Approximately 10% to 15% of noninvasive cardiac imaging is ordered for rarely appropriate indications. The appropriate use criteria (AUC) for cardiac imaging were issued to decrease unnecessary testing and reduce health care costs. However, it remains unclear whether these efforts have been successful. This meta-analysis evaluates whether AUC quality improvement (QI) interventions effectively reduce inappropriate cardiac imaging. Databases were searched for studies reporting QI intervention effect aiming to reduce rarely appropriate noninvasive cardiac imaging based on AUC. Imaging modalities assessed include transthoracic echocardiography, stress echocardiography, and myocardial perfusion imaging. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and EBSCO CINAHL. The primary end point was a decrease of rarely appropriate testing. The search was not restricted to time or publication status. The literature search identified 2,391 possible studies, 13 studies and 26,557 patients were included. Mean follow-up was 12 months (1 to 60 months). QI interventions were statistically significant in reducing rarely appropriate tests after the intervention compared with the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41 to 0.64, p <0.01). The QI interventions were also assessed for persistence based on short-term (<3 months) and long-term (>3 months) efficacy. Both the short-term effect and long-term effect were persistent (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.77, p <0.01 and OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.61, p <0.01, respectively). AUC QI interventions are associated with the successful decrease of inappropriate noninvasive cardiac testing with these effects persisting over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Sadawi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Michael Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jesse Frye
- Department of Cardiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Neda Dianati-Maleki
- Department of Cardiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Noelle Mann
- Department of Cardiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York
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3
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Tao M, Al-Sadawi M, Ahmed N, Dianati-Maleki N, Mann N, Kort S. The use of quality improvement interventions in reducing rarely appropriate echocardiograms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Echocardiography 2023; 40:916-924. [PMID: 37464949 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The volume of cardiac imaging continues to increase, with many tests performed for rarely appropriate indications. Appropriate use criteria (AUC) documents were published by the American Society of Echocardiography and American College of Cardiology, with quality improvement (QI) interventions developed in various institutions. However, the effectiveness of these interventions has not been assessed in a systematic fashion. METHODS We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and EBSCO CINAHL for studies reporting association between cardiac imaging, AUC and QI. The search was not restricted to time or publication status. We selected studies assessing the effect of QI interventions on performance of rarely appropriate echocardiograms. The primary endpoint was reduction of rarely appropriate testing. RESULTS Nine studies with 22,070 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean follow up was 15 months (1-60 months). QI interventions resulted in statistically significant reduction in rarely appropriate tests (OR 0.52, 95% CI: .41-.66; p < .01). The effects of QI interventions were analyzed over both the short (<3 months) and long-term (>3 months) post intervention (OR 0.62, 95% CI: .49-.79; p < .01 in the short term, and OR 0.47, 95% CI: .35-.62; p < .01 in the long term). Subgroup analysis of the type of intervention, classified as education tools or decision support tools showed both significantly reduced rarely appropriate testing (OR 0.54, 95% CI: .41-.73; p < .01; OR .47, 95% CI: .36-.61; p < .01). Adding a feedback tool did not change the effect compared to not using a feedback tool (OR 0.49 vs. 0.57, 95% CI: .36-.68 vs. 39-.84; p > .05). CONCLUSION QI interventions are associated with a significant reduction in performance of rarely appropriate echocardiography testing, the effects of which persist over time. Both education and decision support tools were effective, while adding feedback tools did not result in further reduction of ordering rarely appropriate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tao
- Stony Brook University Hospital, 101 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Sadawi
- Stony Brook University Hospital, 101 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Navid Ahmed
- Stony Brook University Hospital, 101 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Neda Dianati-Maleki
- Stony Brook University Hospital, 101 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Noelle Mann
- Stony Brook University Hospital, 101 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Smadar Kort
- Stony Brook University Hospital, 101 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Pickard SS, Armstrong AK, Balasubramanian S, Buddhe S, Crum K, Kong G, Lang SM, Lee MV, Lopez L, Natarajan SS, Norris MD, Parra DA, Parthiban A, Powell AJ, Priromprintr B, Rogers LS, Sachdeva S, Shah SS, Smith CA, Stern KWD, Xiang Y, Young LT, Sachdeva R. Appropriateness of cardiovascular computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with conotruncal defects. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2023:S1934-5925(23)00048-5. [PMID: 36868899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2023.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To promote the rational use of cardiovascular imaging in patients with congenital heart disease, the American College of Cardiology developed Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC), but its clinical application and pre-release benchmarks have not been evaluated. We aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiovascular computed tomography (CCT) in patients with conotruncal defects and to identify factors associated with maybe or rarely appropriate (M/R) indications. METHODS Twelve centers each contributed a median of 147 studies performed prior to AUC publication (01/2020) on patients with conotruncal defects. To incorporate patient characteristics and center-level effects, a hierarchical generalized linear mixed model was used. RESULTS Of the 1753 studies (80% CMR, and 20% CCT), 16% were rated M/R. Center M/R ranged from 4 to 39%. Infants accounted for 8.4% of studies. In multivariable analyses, patient- and study-level factors associated with M/R rating included: age <1 year (OR 1.90 [1.15-3.13]), truncus arteriosus (vs. tetralogy of Fallot, OR 2.55 [1.5-4.35]), and CCT (vs. CMR, OR 2.67 [1.87-3.83]). None of the provider- or center-level factors reached statistical significance in the multivariable model. CONCLUSIONS Most CMRs and CCTs ordered for the follow-up care of patients with conotruncal defects were rated appropriate. However, there was significant center-level variation in appropriateness ratings. Younger age, CCT, and truncus arteriosus were independently associated with higher odds of M/R rating. These findings could inform future quality improvement initiatives and further exploration of factors resulting in center-level variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Pickard
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sowmya Balasubramanian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Sujatha Buddhe
- Department of Cardiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly Crum
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Grace Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Heart Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean M Lang
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marc V Lee
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Heart Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leo Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Divison of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Shobha S Natarajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Divison of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark D Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - David A Parra
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anitha Parthiban
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Powell
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryant Priromprintr
- Department of Pediatrics, Divison of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay S Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Divison of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shagun Sachdeva
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanket S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Divison of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Clayton A Smith
- Pediatric Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenan W D Stern
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Heart Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yijin Xiang
- Pediatric Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luciana T Young
- Department of Cardiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ritu Sachdeva
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Quintero-Martinez JA, Hindy JR, El Zein S, Michelena HI, Nkomo VT, DeSimone DC, Baddour LM. Contemporary demographics, diagnostics and outcomes in non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Heart 2022; 108:heartjnl-2022-320970. [PMID: 35534050 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-320970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a syndrome characterised by cardiac valve vegetations and/or thickening due to non-infective mechanisms. Nowadays, a premortem diagnosis of NBTE is possible based on echocardiographic findings. Therefore, to better characterise this disease, we performed a contemporary review of the epidemiology, demographics, diagnosis and clinical outcomes of these patients. METHODS Adults with a diagnosis of NBTE seen within the Mayo Clinic Enterprise from December 2014 to December 2021 were included. NBTE diagnosis was identified by clinicians representing at least two specialties including cardiology, infectious diseases, rheumatology and oncology. Patients with positive blood cultures, infective endocarditis, culture-negative endocarditis and denial of research authorisation were excluded. All patients had a 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Forty-eight cases were identified; mean age was 60.0±13.8 years, 75% were female. The most prevalent comorbidities were malignancy (52.1%) and connective tissue disease (37.5%). Valvular abnormalities included 41 (85.4%) patients with vegetations, 43 (89.6%) patients with thickening and 26 (54.2%) with moderate to severe regurgitation. Thirty-eight (79.2%) patients had an embolic event (stroke in 26 (54.2%) patients) within 1 month of NBTE diagnosis and 16 (33.3%) patients died within 1 year of NBTE diagnosis. Metastatic tumours and lung cancer were associated with 1-year all-cause mortality (p=0.0017 and p=0.0004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS NBTE was more prevalent in females and embolic complications were the most frequent clinical finding. Overall, patients with NBTE had a poor prognosis, particularly in those with lung cancer or metastatic tumours. Further studies in patients with NBTE are needed given its morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Quintero-Martinez
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joya-Rita Hindy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Said El Zein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hector I Michelena
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vuyisile T Nkomo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel C DeSimone
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Evaluation of Appropriate Use of Preoperative Echocardiography before Major Abdominal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Anesthesiology 2021; 135:854-863. [PMID: 34543408 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative resting echocardiography is often performed before noncardiac surgery, but indications for preoperative resting echocardiography are limited. This study aimed to investigate appropriateness of preoperative resting echocardiography using the Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography, which encompass indications from the guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management and nonperioperative indications independent of the perioperative period. The authors hypothesized that patients are frequently tested without an appropriate indication. METHODS Records of patients in the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases who underwent a major abdominal surgery from 2005 to 2017 were included. These databases contain de-identified records of health services for more than 250 million patients with primary or Medicare supplemental health insurance coverage through employer-based fee-for-service, point-of-service, or capitated plans. Patients were classified based on the presence of an outpatient claim for resting transthoracic echocardiography within 60 days of surgery. Appropriateness was determined via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification, and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision-Clinical Modification principal and secondary diagnosis codes associated with the claims, and classified as "appropriate," "rarely appropriate," or "unclassifiable" using the Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography. RESULTS Among 230,535 patients in the authors' cohort, preoperative resting transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 6.0% (13,936) of patients. There were 12,638 (91%) studies classifiable by the Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography, and 1,298 (9%) were unable to be classified. Among the classifiable studies, 8,959 (71%) were deemed "appropriate," while 3,679 (29%) were deemed "rarely appropriate." Surveillance of chronic ischemic heart disease and uncomplicated hypertension accounted for 43% (1,588 of 3,679) of "rarely appropriate" echocardiograms. CONCLUSIONS More than one in four preoperative resting echocardiograms were considered "rarely appropriate" according to the Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography. A narrow set of patient characteristics accounts for a large proportion of "rarely appropriate" preoperative resting echocardiograms. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Lam DH, Tiwana J, Li S, Kirkpatrick JN, Cheng RK. Appropriate use of multimodality stress testing for chest pain in new patient referrals to cardiologists. Coron Artery Dis 2021; 32:184-190. [PMID: 32804780 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In response to the growing use of imaging-based cardiac stress tests in the evaluation of stable ischemic heart disease, professional societies have developed appropriate use criteria (AUC). AUC will soon be linked to reimbursement of advanced diagnostic imaging for Medicare beneficiaries via Clinical Decision Support Mechanisms (CDSMs). We sought to characterize the frequency and type of stress test utilization for chest pain referrals evaluated by cardiologists and determine appropriateness. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of new patient referrals seen by general cardiologists at an academic medical center between 2016 and 2017 for a diagnosis of chest pain or angina. Type of stress test ordered, if any, and its appropriateness (Appropriate, May be appropriate, and Rarely appropriate) were ascertained based on the 2013 multimodality AUC guideline document. RESULTS There were 535 total outpatients. After applying exclusion criteria, there were 349 patients in the sample; the average age was 52 ± 15 years and 53% were female. Most chest pain was nonanginal (65%). Pretest probability of CAD was most commonly intermediate (54%). A total of 183 patients (52%) were referred for stress testing. The majority of stress tests were considered appropriate (82%) by AUC. CONCLUSION Most patients referred to cardiologists for evaluation of chest pain or angina had nonanginal chest pain and an intermediate pretest probability of CAD. Stress testing was ordered in about half of these patients and the majority were considered appropriate by AUC. These findings suggest that indiscriminate use of CDSMs may not be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Lam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Amadio JM, Bouck Z, Sivaswamy A, Chu C, Austin PC, Dudzinski D, Nesbitt GC, Edwards J, Yared K, Wong B, Hansen M, Weinerman A, Thavendiranathan P, Johri AM, Rakowski H, Picard MH, Weiner RB, Bhatia RS. Impact of Appropriate Use Criteria for Transthoracic Echocardiography in Valvular Heart Disease on Clinical Outcomes. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:1481-1489. [PMID: 32893052 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between appropriate use criteria for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and clinical outcomes is unknown for patients with valvular heart disease (VHD). The aim of this study was to identify the association of TTE appropriateness with downstream cardiac tests and clinical outcomes in patients with VHD over 365 days. METHODS A subset of 2,297 patients with VHD across six Ontario academic hospitals was selected from the Echo WISELY (Will Inappropriate Scenarios for Echocardiography Lessen Significantly) trial and linked to administrative databases. Each patient's index TTE was classified as "rarely appropriate" (rA) versus "appropriate" (comprising "appropriate" and "may be appropriate" TTE according to the 2011 appropriate use criteria). Overall, 431 of 452 patients with rA TTE were matched 1:1 with patients with appropriate TTE using propensity scores to account for measured confounding. RESULTS Matched patients with rA TTE were less likely to undergo repeat TTE (relative risk, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.33-0.66) or cardiac catheterization (relative risk, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.16-0.47) at 90 days compared with patients with appropriate TTE. rA TTE was significantly associated with a decreased hazard of aortic valve intervention (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.14-0.42), all-cause hospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.34-0.57), and death (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15-0.66) over 365 days of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients with appropriate TTE for VHD were more likely to undergo subsequent cardiac testing within 90 days and valve intervention within 1 year than those with a rA TTE. The 2011 appropriate use criteria for TTE have important clinical implications for outcomes in patient with VHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Amadio
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Bouck
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Cherry Chu
- Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David Dudzinski
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jeremy Edwards
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kibar Yared
- The Scarborough Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Wong
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Hansen
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Amer M Johri
- Queen's University, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harry Rakowski
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael H Picard
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rory B Weiner
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Sacha Bhatia
- Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Hackett I, Ward RP. Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography in the Era of Value-Based Care: Mission Accomplished or Future Mandates? Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:69. [PMID: 32561996 PMCID: PMC7303569 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to highlight the past impact and current role of the Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for echocardiography in value-based healthcare, and to address future implications in light of the recent mandate from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to incorporate AUC for other imaging modalities. Recent Findings Several studies have proven that the AUC effectively stratify the clinical practice of echocardiography as they predict important echo abnormalities and impact optimal patient care. Recent investigations have tested new technologies and demonstrated the feasibility and scalability of the application of the AUC for echocardiography at the point of care. Summary The AUC for echocardiography has accomplished their core mission, as utilization has moderated over the last decade and mandatory implementation at the point of care for echocardiography remains rare. While a new mandate signals another wave of focus on appropriate utilization, echocardiography stands ready.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Hackett
- Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, DCAM Rm 5726, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - R Parker Ward
- Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, DCAM Rm 5726, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Law TK, Bouck Z, Yin XC, Dudzinski D, Myers D, Nesbitt GC, Edwards J, Yared K, Wong B, Hansen M, Weinerman A, Shadowitz S, Farkouh M, Thavendiranathan P, Udell J, Johri A, Chow CM, Rakowski H, Picard MH, Weiner RB, Bhatia RS. Association Between Transthoracic Echocardiography Appropriateness and Echocardiographic Findings. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 32:667-673.e4. [PMID: 30846322 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between appropriate use criteria and echocardiographic findings in patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases is unknown. METHODS As a substudy of the Echo WISELY (Will Inappropriate Scenarios for Echocardiography Lessen Significantly) trial, 9,230 transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examinations from six Ontario academic hospitals were linked to a registry of echocardiographic findings. The TTE studies were rated appropriate), rarely appropriate, or may be appropriate according to the 2011 appropriate use criteria. TTE findings of appropriately ordered examinations were compared with those of rarely appropriate examinations for specific disease subsets, including heart failure and valvular heart disease. RESULTS There were 7,574, 1,087, and 569 TTE examinations ordered for appropriate, rarely appropriate, and may be appropriate indications, and of the 7,574 appropriate studies, 6,399 were ordered for specific indications and 1,175 for general indications. TTE examinations ordered for general indications had lower rates of left ventricular dysfunction (19.6% vs 9.1%, P < .001) and moderate to severe aortic stenosis (15.5% vs 2.6%, P < .001). Of the 2,395 TTE examinations ordered for patients with heart failure, appropriately ordered studies were more likely to result in left ventricular segmental abnormality (37.0% vs 24.9%, P = .012) but similar rates of right ventricular dilatation (15.4% vs 14.7%, P = .79), right ventricular dysfunction (14.8% vs 11.3%, P = .22), and moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (12.1% vs 9.2%, P = .35). Of the 2,859 studies ordered to assess valvular heart disease, appropriately ordered studies were significantly more likely to find moderate to severe valvular pathology, including aortic stenosis (30.4% vs 24.6%, P = .008), aortic regurgitation (8.9% vs 1.6%, P < .001), mitral stenosis (6.7% vs 3.1%, P = .002), and mitral regurgitation (16.1% vs 6.1%, P < .001), but similar rates of tricuspid regurgitation (11.2% vs 13.0%, P = .60). CONCLUSIONS Overall, appropriately ordered TTE examinations for heart failure and valvular heart disease were significantly more likely to have abnormal findings than rarely appropriate examinations. TTE studies ordered for general indications had fewer, although still a significant proportion, of abnormalities compared with studies ordered for specific indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamryn K Law
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - X Cindy Yin
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Dudzinski
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dorothy Myers
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jeremy Edwards
- Echocardiogram and Vascular Lab, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kibar Yared
- The Scarborough Hospital, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Wong
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Hansen
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael Farkouh
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cardiology Division, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre of the University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jacob Udell
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre of the University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amer Johri
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chi-Ming Chow
- Echocardiogram and Vascular Lab, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harry Rakowski
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre of the University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael H Picard
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rory B Weiner
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Sacha Bhatia
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Stone JR, Lee L, Ward JP, Ward RP. High Prevalence of Clinically Important Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Patients with a Normal Electrocardiogram Referred for Transthoracic Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2018; 31:926-932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Kerley RN, O'Flynn S. A systematic review of Appropriate Use Criteria for transthoracic echocardiography: are they relevant outside the United States? Ir J Med Sci 2018; 188:89-99. [PMID: 29916134 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) were developed by the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) to provide guidance for referring physicians in response to growing concerns about unnecessary transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) requests. Very few studies have assessed how medical centers overseas perform against AUC. Evidence is now emerging that inappropriate referral rates in Europe are similar to those reported in the US. OBJECTIVE This study systematically reviewed published evidence to identify (1) whether the 2011 AUC are applicable to medical centers outside the US (2) the level of adherence to the AUC across multiple centers, (3) the main factors which cause deviation from AUC, (4) any changes in referral rates since the publication of AUC, and (5) any factors and/or intervention strategies which promote adherence to AUC. METHODS AND RESULTS Electronic databases were systematically searched for papers related to AUC and cardiac imaging. Following screening and application of eligibility criteria, data was extracted from ten reports involving 8561 TTE studies. Classification rates were 99.5 and 98% for US studies and studies outside the US respectively. Overall, 7119 TTE studies were classified as appropriate (83.1%) of which 3724 were US referrals (84.7%) and 3395 originated outside the US (81.5%). Six of the included studies independently observed significantly more appropriate referrals among inpatients compared to outpatients (p < 0.001). US centers observed no significant difference in appropriate referral rates between physician specialties while one UK study showed cardiac surgeons ordered inappropriate TTEs more frequently than other specialties (p < 0.05). This review found no obvious trend in appropriate referral rates between 2012 and 2015 indicating no temporal change in physician ordering patterns. Only one educational interventional study met the author's criteria which showed that while intervention was effective during its implantation (26% reduction in TTEs ordered per day), TTE referral rates regressed to pre-intervention levels overtime. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the American guideline AUC are applicable to centers outside the US and their implementation across five international centers suggest almost 1 in 5 scans could be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Kerley
- School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Siun O'Flynn
- School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Gunderson CG, Gromisch ES, Chang JJ, Malm BJ. Derivation of a Clinical Model to Predict Unchanged Inpatient Echocardiograms. J Hosp Med 2018; 13:164-169. [PMID: 29073315 DOI: 10.12788/jhm.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is one of the most commonly ordered tests in healthcare. Repeat TTE, defined as a TTE done within 1 year of a prior TTE, represents 24% to 42% of all studies. The purpose of this study was to derive a clinical prediction model to predict unchanged repeat TTE, with the goal of defining a subset of studies that are unnecessary. METHODS Single-center retrospective cohort study of all hospitalized patients who had a repeat TTE between October 1, 2013, and September 30, 2014. RESULTS Two hundred eleven of 601 TTEs were repeat studies, of which 78 (37%) had major changes. Five variables were independent predictors of major new TTE changes, including history of intervening acute myocardial infarction, cardiothoracic surgery, major new electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, prior valve disease, and chronic kidney disease. Using the β-coefficient for each of these variables, we defined a clinical prediction model that we named the CAVES score. The acronym CAVES stands for chronic kidney disease, acute myocardial infarction, valvular disease, ECG changes, and surgery (cardiac). The prevalence of major TTE change for the full cohort was 35%. For the group with a CAVES score of -1, that probability was only 5.6%; for the group with a score of 0, the probability was 17.7%; and for the group with a score ≥1, the probability was 55.3%. The bootstrap corrected C statistic for the model was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.85), indicating good discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the CAVES score had good discrimination and calibration. If further validated, it may be useful to predict repeat TTEs that are unlikely to have major changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig G Gunderson
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA. craig.gunderson@ va.gov
| | - Elizabeth S Gromisch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John J Chang
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brian J Malm
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cardiology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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14
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Kourtidou S, Evers PD, Jorgensen NW, Kronmal RA, Lewin MB, Schultz AH. Pediatric Appropriate Use Criteria for Outpatient Echocardiography: Practice Variations among Pediatric Cardiologists, Noncardiologist Subspecialists, and Primary Care Providers. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30:1214-1224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Kerley RN, Thornton KP, Kelly RM, O'Flynn S. Appropriate use criteria for transthoracic echocardiography: Are they relevant to European centers? Echocardiography 2017; 35:17-23. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Siun O'Flynn
- School of Medicine; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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16
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Ikonomidis I, Makavos G. Appropriate use criteria on transesophageal echocardiography: a cost-effective means to improve the quality of health services. Hellenic J Cardiol 2017; 58:274-275. [PMID: 29032161 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ignatios Ikonomidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Makavos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Athens, Greece
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17
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Romano MMD, Branco M, Moreira HT, Schmidt A, Kisslo J, Maciel BC. Appropriate use of echocardiography and relation to clinical decision making in both inpatients and outpatients in a developing country. Echocardiography 2017; 35:9-16. [PMID: 28994142 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of echocardiography (echo) has exponentially increased in recent decades. Concerned about this scientific society developed appropriate use criteria (AUC). Clinical management still suffers geographical variations, and no objective data are available about echo AUC in developing countries. We aimed to evaluate (1) the appropriateness of referrals and (2) their relation to changes in clinical decision management. METHODS Prospective analysis of referrals from January to December 2014. Appropriateness and endpoints analyzed in different time points from medical archives. ENDPOINTS (1) change in the diagnosis, (2) indication for another method to complete the diagnosis, (3) change in clinical treatment, (4) indication for a treatment intervention, or (5) no change in management. Descriptive statistical analysis, Fisher's or chi-square tests, and Cox regression used as appropriate (significance if P < .05). RESULTS One thousand one hundred referrals were analyzed (55.5 ± 16.1 years, 44.6% male). 80.5% of referrals were appropriate (A), 11.2% "Rarely Appropriate" (RA), and 8.3% "May Be Appropriate" (MBA). Proportion of (A) did not differ between modalities (TTE-80.5% vs TEE-87.7% vs STR-81.2%, P = .67). (A) referrals were more related to clinical decision than (RA)+(MBA) (38.9% [A] vs 15% [RA]+[MBA], P < .001). The most frequent clinical indications of (RA) and (MBA) TTE were reevaluation of ventricular function without clinical change (AUC 10 and 11) and search of infectious endocarditis when low clinical probability (53). CONCLUSIONS In a developing country, appropriateness of echo was similar to the United States and Europe. However, a significant proportion of referrals were still (RA) or (MBA), with no effect in clinical management. Controlling referrals 10, 11, and 53 can optimize echo use in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Moreira Dias Romano
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Branco
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Turin Moreira
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Schmidt
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseph Kisslo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benedito Carlos Maciel
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Singh A, Ward RP. Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography: Evolving Applications in the Era of Value-Based Healthcare. Curr Cardiol Rep 2017; 18:93. [PMID: 27553788 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-016-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current climate in healthcare is increasingly emphasizing a value-based approach to diagnostic testing. Cardiac imaging, including echocardiography, has been a primary target of ongoing reforms in healthcare delivery and reimbursement. The Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for echocardiography is a physician-derived tool intended to guide utilization in optimal patient care. To date, the AUC have primarily been employed solely as justification for reimbursement, though evolving broader applications to guide clinical decision-making suggest a far more valuable role in the delivery of high-quality and high-value healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Singh
- Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC6080, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - R Parker Ward
- Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC6080, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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19
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Improving the Appropriate Use of Transthoracic Echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:1135-1144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Georgiopoulos G, Aggeli C, Laina A, Deligianni M, Oikonomou D, Lampridou S, Vogiatzi G, Tousoulis D. Appropriate use criteria for transesophageal echocardiography in Greece: A single center experience. Hellenic J Cardiol 2017; 58:267-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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21
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Chinnaiyan KM, Weiner RB. Trials of Quality Improvement in Imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:368-378. [PMID: 28279386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Recently, increased emphasis has been placed on quality in cardiovascular imaging, and it is becoming a central priority for various stakeholders, including patients, physicians, and payers. The changing health care landscape and associated challenges imposed on cardiac imagers, including reductions in reimbursement and growing need for pre-authorization, have also helped bring quality metrics to the forefront. Continuous quality improvement initiatives provide the framework for the team of physicians, technical staff members, administrators, and other health care professionals to deliver high-quality care. Efforts to improve quality in cardiac imaging have started to form the foundation for numerous research studies in this arena, and although few in number, randomized control trials have begun to emerge. This review highlights quality improvement studies focusing on appropriate use education, reporting, and radiation dose reduction in cardiovascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rory B Weiner
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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22
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Appropriate Use of Cardiac Stress Testing with Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161153. [PMID: 27536775 PMCID: PMC4990235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate use criteria (AUC) for cardiac stress tests address concerns about utilization growth and patient safety. We systematically reviewed studies of appropriateness, including within physician specialties; evaluated trends over time and in response to AUC updates; and characterized leading indications for inappropriate/rarely appropriate testing. METHODS We searched PubMed (2005-2015) for English-language articles reporting stress echocardiography or myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) appropriateness. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS Thirty-four publications of 41,578 patients were included, primarily from academic centers. Stress echocardiography appropriate testing rates were 53.0% (95% CI, 45.3%-60.7%) and 50.9% (42.6%-59.2%) and inappropriate/rarely appropriate rates were 19.1% (11.4%-26.8%) and 28.4% (23.9%-32.8%) using 2008 and 2011 AUC, respectively. Stress MPI appropriate testing rates were 71.1% (64.5%-77.7%) and 72.0% (67.6%-76.3%) and inappropriate/rarely appropriate rates were 10.7% (7.2%-14.2%) and 15.7% (12.4%-19.1%) using 2005 and 2009 AUC, respectively. There was no significant temporal trend toward rising rates of appropriateness for stress echocardiography or MPI. Unclassified stress echocardiograms fell by 79% (p = 0.04) with updated AUC. There were no differences between cardiac specialists and internists. CONCLUSIONS Rates of appropriate use tend to be lower for stress echocardiography compared to MPI, and updated AUC reduced unclassified stress echocardiograms. There is no conclusive evidence that AUC improved appropriate use over time. Further research is needed to determine if integration of appropriateness guidelines in academic and community settings is an effective approach to optimizing inappropriate/rarely appropriate use of stress testing and its associated costs and patient harms.
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Urrea JK, Benítez LM, Ruiz H, Barrera Á, Urrea CA, García ÁA. Evaluación de los criterios apropiados para la indicación de ecocardiografía de estrés en un centro cardiovascular de referencia. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Clinical Importance of Transthoracic Echocardiography with Direct Input from Treating Physicians. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016; 29:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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26
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Ladapo JA, Blecker S, Douglas PS. Appropriateness of cardiac stress test use among primary care physicians and cardiologists in the United States. Int J Cardiol 2016; 203:584-6. [PMID: 26569369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Ladapo
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Saul Blecker
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pamela S Douglas
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Ogbemudia EJ, Sadoh WE. An assessment of the clinical utility of echocardiography criteria in a Tertiary Health Center. Niger Med J 2016; 56:268-71. [PMID: 26759512 PMCID: PMC4697215 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.169706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the population has increased the demand for cardiovascular imaging procedures (specifically echocardiography) in our center. Aim: To determine the percentage of appropriate indications for echocardiography. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over a period of 1 year in the Department of Medicine of a Tertiary Health Care Center. The clinical diagnoses by the referring clinician and the indications (specific reasons for the study) for the echocardiography were consecutively recorded. The age and gender of the patients were also recorded. The indications were given a score of one to nine according to the revised appropriate use criteria of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE). These indications were then classified into appropriate, inappropriate or uncertain based on the score. (1-3)-inappropriate use, (4-6) were derived. Results: There were 25 indications, 16 (64%) were appropriate, 6 (24%) were inappropriate and three (12%) were rated as uncertain. Conclusion: Sixty-four percent of the indications for echocardiography are appropriate for the procedure. This implies that the criteria for echocardiography are yet to be fully implemented resulting in overutilization of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehimwenma J Ogbemudia
- Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Wilson E Sadoh
- Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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29
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Al-Kaisey A, Jones E, Nadurata V, Farouque O, De Silva D, Ramchand J. Appropriate use of echocardiography in an Australian regional centre. Intern Med J 2015; 45:1128-33. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Al-Kaisey
- Department of Cardiology; Bendigo Health; Bendigo Australia
| | - E. Jones
- Department of Cardiology; Austin Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - V. Nadurata
- Department of Cardiology; Bendigo Health; Bendigo Australia
| | - O. Farouque
- Department of Cardiology; Austin Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - D. De Silva
- Department of Cardiology; Bendigo Health; Bendigo Australia
| | - J. Ramchand
- Department of Cardiology; Bendigo Health; Bendigo Australia
- Department of Cardiology; Austin Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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30
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Sachdeva R, Allen J, Benavidez OJ, Campbell RM, Douglas PS, Eidem BW, Gold L, Kelleman MS, Lopez L, McCracken CE, Stern KW, Weiner RB, Welch E, Lai WW. Pediatric Appropriate Use Criteria Implementation Project. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:1132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Campbell RM, Douglas PS, Eidem BW, Lai WW, Lopez L, Sachdeva R. ACC/AAP/AHA/ASE/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/SOPE 2014 appropriate use criteria for initial transthoracic echocardiography in outpatient pediatric cardiology: a report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Pediatric Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015; 27:1247-66. [PMID: 25479897 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bhatia RS, Ivers N, Yin CX, Myers D, Nesbitt G, Edwards J, Yared K, Wadhera R, Wu JC, Wong B, Hansen M, Weinerman A, Shadowitz S, Johri A, Farkouh M, Thavendiranathan P, Udell JA, Rambihar S, Chow CM, Hall J, Thorpe KE, Rakowski H, Weiner RB. Design and methods of the Echo WISELY (Will Inappropriate Scenarios for Echocardiography Lessen SignificantlY) study: An investigator-blinded randomized controlled trial of education and feedback intervention to reduce inappropriate echocardiograms. Am Heart J 2015; 170:202-9. [PMID: 26299215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate use criteria (AUC) for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were developed to address concerns regarding inappropriate use of TTE. A previous pilot study suggests that an educational and feedback intervention can reduce inappropriate TTEs ordered by physicians in training. It is unknown if this type of intervention will be effective when targeted at attending level physicians in a variety of clinical settings. AIMS The aim of this international, multicenter study is to evaluate the hypothesis that an AUC-based educational and feedback intervention will reduce the proportion of inappropriate echocardiograms ordered by attending physicians in the ambulatory environment. METHODS In an ongoing multicentered, investigator-blinded, randomized controlled trial across Canada and the United States, cardiologists and primary care physicians practicing in the ambulatory setting will be enrolled. The intervention arm will receive (1) a lecture outlining the AUC and most recent available evidence highlighting appropriate use of TTE, (2) access to the American Society of Echocardiography mobile phone app, and (3) individualized feedback reports e-mailed monthly summarizing TTE ordering behavior including information on inappropriate TTEs and brief explanations of the inappropriate designation. The control group will receive no education on TTE appropriate use and order TTEs as usual practice. CONCLUSIONS The Echo WISELY (Will Inappropriate Scenarios for Echocardiography Lessen Significantly in an education RCT) study is the first multicenter randomized trial of an AUC-based educational intervention. The study will examine whether an education and feedback intervention will reduce the rate of outpatient inappropriate TTEs ordered by attending level cardiologists and primary care physicians (www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02038101).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sacha Bhatia
- Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noah Ivers
- Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Cindy X Yin
- Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothy Myers
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gillian Nesbitt
- Cardiology Division, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Edwards
- Echocardiogram and Vascular Lab, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kibar Yared
- The Scarborough Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rishi Wadhera
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Justina C Wu
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Brian Wong
- Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Hansen
- Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Amer Johri
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Farkouh
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cardiology Division, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jacob A Udell
- Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sherryn Rambihar
- Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chi-Ming Chow
- Echocardiogram and Vascular Lab, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith Hall
- Cardiology Division, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin E Thorpe
- Cardiology Division, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Harry Rakowski
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rory B Weiner
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Sachdeva R, Samai C, Vincent RN. Pediatric appropriate use criteria for echocardiography: implications for clinical practice. Pediatrics 2015; 135:e1128-30. [PMID: 25917995 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Sachdeva
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Sibley Heart Center Cardiology, and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cyrus Samai
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Sibley Heart Center Cardiology, and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert N Vincent
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Sibley Heart Center Cardiology, and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Fonseca R, Negishi K, Otahal P, Marwick TH. Temporal changes in appropriateness of cardiac imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:763-773. [PMID: 25720619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate use criteria (AUC) for cardiac imaging have been available for almost 10 years. The extent to which there has been a reported improvement in appropriate use is undefined. OBJECTIVES This study systematically reviewed published evidence to identify whether the promulgation of AUC has led to an improvement in the proportion of appropriate cardiac imaging requests. METHODS Electronic databases were systematically searched for English-language papers related to AUC and cardiovascular imaging. We found 59 reports involving 103,567 tests that were published from 2000 to 2012. The rate of appropriate testing over time was analyzed in a meta-regression. RESULTS New AUC were associated with apparent improvements in appropriateness for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) (80% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75 to 0.84] vs. 85% [95% CI: 0.81 to 0.89]), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (89% [95% CI: 0.81 to 0.94] vs. 95% [95% CI: 0.93 to 0.96]) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) (37% [95% CI: 0.21 to 0.55] vs. 55% [95% CI: 0.44 to 0.65]) but not stress echocardiography (53% [95% CI: 0.45 to 0.61] vs. 52% [95% CI: 0.42 to 0.61]) or single-photon emission computed tomography (72% [95% CI: 0.66 to 0.77] vs. 68% [95% CI: 0.60 to 0.74]). Although there were no correlations between the proportion of appropriate TTEs and published year (p = 0.36) for 2007 AUC, there was a positive correlation between proportion of appropriateness and the year of publication (p = 0.01) for 2011 AUC. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of appropriateness over time using the 2007 TEE AUC (p = 0.03) and 2006 CT AUC (p = 0.02). There were no meaningful associations between appropriateness and publication year for stress echocardiography, CTA, or single-photon emission computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS Rates of reported appropriate use in imaging show improvements for TTE and CTA but not for stress imaging and TEE. The observed reductions in imaging studies are not matched by reported rates of appropriate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fonseca
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Kazuaki Negishi
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Petr Otahal
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Thomas H Marwick
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
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The association of abnormal findings on transthoracic echocardiography with 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria and clinical impact. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 31:521-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-014-0582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Campbell RM, Douglas PS, Eidem BW, Lai WW, Lopez L, Sachdeva R. ACC/AAP/AHA/ASE/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/SOPE 2014 Appropriate Use Criteria for Initial Transthoracic Echocardiography in Outpatient Pediatric Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:2039-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bhatia RS, Dudzinski DM, Malhotra R, Milford CE, Yoerger Sanborn DM, Picard MH, Weiner RB. Educational Intervention to Reduce Outpatient Inappropriate Echocardiograms. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7:857-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Raphael CW, Conaway DG. Appropriate use of transesophageal echocardiography at a primary care medical center. Int J Cardiol 2014; 174:789-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fonseca R, Marwick TH. How I do it: judging appropriateness for TTE and TEE. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2014; 12:22. [PMID: 24961689 PMCID: PMC4079626 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-12-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing cost of healthcare is a widespread international problem to which the cost of imaging has been an important contributor. Some imaging tests are ordered inappropriately and contribute to wasted use of resources. Appropriate use criteria have been developed in the USA in order to guide test selection, but there are a number of problems, including the evidence base for these criteria and the steps that can be taken to change physician practice. A restrictive approach to test ordering is difficult to fit to the nuances of clinical presentation and may compromise patient care. We propose an alternative approach to physician guidance based on the most common markers of inappropriate testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fonseca
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Thomas H Marwick
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
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Safavi KC, Li SX, Dharmarajan K, Venkatesh AK, Strait KM, Lin H, Lowe TJ, Fazel R, Nallamothu BK, Krumholz HM. Hospital variation in the use of noninvasive cardiac imaging and its association with downstream testing, interventions, and outcomes. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174:546-53. [PMID: 24515551 PMCID: PMC5459406 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Current guidelines allow substantial discretion in use of noninvasive cardiac imaging for patients without acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who are being evaluated for ischemia. Imaging use may affect downstream testing and outcomes. OBJECTIVE To characterize hospital variation in use of noninvasive cardiac imaging and the association of imaging use with downstream testing, interventions, and outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study of hospitals using 2010 administrative data from Premier, Inc, including patients with suspected ischemia on initial evaluation who were seen in the emergency department, observation unit, or inpatient ward; received at least 1 cardiac biomarker test on day 0 or 1; and had a principal discharge diagnosis for a common cause of chest discomfort, a sign or symptom of cardiac ischemia, and/or a comorbidity associated with coronary disease. We excluded patients with AMI. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES At each hospital, the proportion of patients who received noninvasive imaging to identify cardiac ischemia and the subsequent rates of admission, coronary angiography, and revascularization procedures. RESULTS We identified 549,078 patients at 224 hospitals. The median (interquartile range) hospital noninvasive imaging rate was 19.8% (10.9%-27.7%); range, 0.2% to 55.7%. Median hospital imaging rates by quartile were Q1, 6.0%; Q2, 15.9%; Q3, 23.5%; Q4, 34.8%. Compared with Q1, Q4 hospitals had higher rates of admission (Q1, 32.1% vs Q4, 40.0%), downstream coronary angiogram (Q1, 1.2% vs Q4, 4.9%), and revascularization procedures (Q1, 0.5% vs Q4, 1.9%). Hospitals in Q4 had a lower yield of revascularization for noninvasive imaging (Q1, 7.6% vs Q4, 5.4%) and for angiograms (Q1, 41.2% vs Q4, 38.8%). P <.001 for all comparisons. Readmission rates to the same hospital for AMI within 2 months were not different by quartiles (P = .51). Approximately 23% of variation in imaging use was attributable to the behavior of individual hospitals. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Hospitals vary in their use of noninvasive cardiac imaging in patients with suspected ischemia who do not have AMI. Hospitals with higher imaging rates did not have substantially different rates of therapeutic interventions or lower readmission rates for AMI but were more likely to admit patients and perform angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyan C Safavi
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shu-Xia Li
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut3Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kumar Dharmarajan
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut4Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Arjun K Venkatesh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut6Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly M Strait
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut3Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Haiqun Lin
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut7Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Reza Fazel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brahmajee K Nallamothu
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan11Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 12Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Poli
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut3Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut6Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Cli
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Fonseca R, Marwick TH. Appropriateness and outcomes: is it time to adopt appropriate use criteria outside of North America? Heart 2013; 100:357-8. [PMID: 24365665 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-305273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fonseca
- Menzies Research Institute of Tasmania, , Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Gurzun MM, Ionescu A. Appropriateness of use criteria for transthoracic echocardiography: are they relevant outside the USA? Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 15:450-5. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Anzouan-Kacou JB, Siransy E, Nchoh-Mottoh MP, Ekou A, Bamba-Kamagaté D, Kadio EM. [Transthoracic echocardiography in a heart institute in Abidjan (Ivory Coast): Indications and evaluation of the request appropriateness]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2013; 63:1-6. [PMID: 23806860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical situations motivating indications of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in a cardiology institute in Côte d'Ivoire and to assess the appropriateness of indications. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a prospective and observational study conducted over a period of 6 months. The 1733 enrolled were classified according to the indications and their relevance defined by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, the American Society of Echocardiography and the American Heart Association (ACCF/ASE/AHA). RESULTS In five cases (0.3%), indications were not listed in the document ACCF/ASE/AHA. The most common indication was the initial evaluation of hypertension (HTA) and suspicion of hypertensive heart disease (47.3%). All indications, the assessment in the context of hypertension represented 853 examinations (49.2%). Heart failure accounted for 5.3% of indications, but consisted of 302 applications (17.4%) when was associated hypertension with signs suggestive of heart failure. Requests were considered as appropriate in 95.3%, inappropriate in 3.2% and uncertain in 1.6%. In the group of inappropriate indications patients were significantly younger, and were examinations more often normal and less often absolutely abnormal. CONCLUSION The profile of cardiovascular morbidity in our institution is dominated by the spectrum of hypertension and heart failure. Each indication must be balanced for the profitability of the ETT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Anzouan-Kacou
- Service des explorations externes, institut de cardiologie d'Abidjan, BP V 206, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - E Siransy
- Laboratoire de physiologie et d'explorations fonctionnelles, UFR sciences médicales d'Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - M P Nchoh-Mottoh
- Service des explorations externes, institut de cardiologie d'Abidjan, BP V 206, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - A Ekou
- Service des explorations externes, institut de cardiologie d'Abidjan, BP V 206, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - D Bamba-Kamagaté
- Service des explorations externes, institut de cardiologie d'Abidjan, BP V 206, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - E M Kadio
- Service des explorations externes, institut de cardiologie d'Abidjan, BP V 206, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Bhatia RS, Kumar V, Picard MH, Weiner RB. Comparison of the 2008 and 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria for Stress Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26:339-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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