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Saloux E, Garrec ML, Menet N, Dillon L, Simard C, Fraschini C, Manrique A. Cardiac 2-D Shear Wave Imaging Using a New Dedicated Clinical Ultrasound System: A Phantom Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:843-851. [PMID: 38471998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess cardiac shear wave imaging implemented in a new MACH 30 ultrasound machine (SuperSonic Imaging, Aix-en-Provence, France) and interfaced with a linear probe and a phased array probe, in comparison with a previously validated Aixplorer system connected to a linear probe (SuperSonic Imaging) using Elasticity QA phantoms (Models 039 and 049, CIRS Inc., Norfolk, VA, USA). METHODS Quantile-quantile plots were used for distribution agreement. The accuracy of stiffness measurement was assessed by the percentage error and the mean percentage error (MPE), and its homogeneity, by the standard deviation of the MPE. A p value <0.01 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS The accuracy of dedicated cardiac sequences for linear probes was similar for the two systems with an MPE of 8 ± 14% versus 20 ± 21% (p = not significant) with the SuperSonic MACH 30 and Aixplorer, respectively, and was influenced by target stiffness and location of the measurement in the field of view, but without drift over time. The optimal transthoracic cardiac probe workspace was located between 4 and 10 cm, with an MPE of 29.5 ± 25% compared with 93.3 ± 130% outside this area (p < 0.0001). In this area, stiffness below 20 kPa was significantly different from the reference (p < 0.0001). The sectorial probe revealed no MPE difference in any of the measurement areas, with no significant lateral or axial gradient. CONCLUSION The new Supersonic MACH 30 system upgraded with a sectorial probe and specific cardiac settings provided homogenous stiffness measurements, especially when operating at depths between 4 and 10 cm. These phantom results may be useful in designing future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Saloux
- Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; UR 4650 PSIR, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.
| | | | - Nina Menet
- UR 4650 PSIR, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Ludovic Dillon
- Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Alain Manrique
- Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; UR 4650 PSIR, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
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Caenen A, Bézy S, Pernot M, Nightingale KR, Vos HJ, Voigt JU, Segers P, D'hooge J. Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography in Cardiology. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 17:314-329. [PMID: 38448131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The advent of high-frame rate imaging in ultrasound allowed the development of shear wave elastography as a noninvasive alternative for myocardial stiffness assessment. It measures mechanical waves propagating along the cardiac wall with speeds that are related to stiffness. The use of cardiac shear wave elastography in clinical studies is increasing, but a proper understanding of the different factors that affect wave propagation is required to correctly interpret results because of the heart's thin-walled geometry and intricate material properties. The aims of this review are to give an overview of the general concepts in cardiac shear wave elastography and to discuss in depth the effects of age, hemodynamic loading, cardiac morphology, fiber architecture, contractility, viscoelasticity, and system-dependent factors on the measurements, with a focus on clinical application. It also describes how these factors should be considered during acquisition, analysis, and reporting to ensure an accurate, robust, and reproducible measurement of the shear wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Caenen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie Bézy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Pernot
- Physics for Medicine, INSERM, CNRS, ESPCI, PSL University, Paris, France
| | | | - Hendrik J Vos
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jens-Uwe Voigt
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Segers
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan D'hooge
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Caenen A, Keijzer L, Bézy S, Duchenne J, Orlowska M, Van Der Steen AFW, De Jong N, Bosch JG, Voigt JU, D'hooge J, Vos HJ. Continuous shear wave measurements for dynamic cardiac stiffness evaluation in pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17660. [PMID: 37848474 PMCID: PMC10582168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-based shear wave elastography is a promising technique to non-invasively assess the dynamic stiffness variations of the heart. The technique is based on tracking the propagation of acoustically induced shear waves in the myocardium of which the propagation speed is linked to tissue stiffness. This measurement is repeated multiple times across the cardiac cycle to assess the natural variations in wave propagation speed. The interpretation of these measurements remains however complex, as factors such as loading and contractility affect wave propagation. We therefore applied transthoracic shear wave elastography in 13 pigs to investigate the dependencies of wave speed on pressure-volume derived indices of loading, myocardial stiffness, and contractility, while altering loading and inducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our results show that diastolic wave speed correlates to a pressure-volume derived index of operational myocardial stiffness (R = 0.75, p < 0.001), suggesting that both loading and intrinsic properties can affect diastolic wave speed. Additionally, the wave speed ratio, i.e. the ratio of systolic and diastolic speed, correlates to a pressure-volume derived index of contractility, i.e. preload-recruitable stroke work (R = 0.67, p < 0.001). Measuring wave speed ratio might thus provide a non-invasive index of contractility during ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Caenen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics Lab, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lana Keijzer
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie Bézy
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics Lab, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Duchenne
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Orlowska
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics Lab, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Nico De Jong
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G Bosch
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan D'hooge
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics Lab, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrik J Vos
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Petrescu A, Voigt JU. [Echocardiography with high frame rates in the clinical practice : Principles, applications and perspectives]. Herz 2023; 48:339-351. [PMID: 37530782 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-023-05199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Continuous developments in cardiovascular imaging, software and hardware have led to technological advancements that open new ways for assessing myocardial mechanics, hemodynamics, and function. Through new scan modalities, echocardiographic scanners can nowadays achieve very high frame rates up to 5000 frames s-1 which enables a wide variety of new applications, including shear wave elastography, ultrafast speckle tracking, the visualization of intracardiac blood flow and myocardial perfusion imaging. This review provides an overview of these advances and demonstrates possible applications and their potential added value in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Petrescu
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Jens-Uwe Voigt
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgien.
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Higuita ML, Jain R, Osho AA, Rabi SA, Pruett TL, Pierson RN, Iaizzo PA, Tessier SN. Novel Imaging Technologies for Accurate Assessment of Cardiac Allograft Performance. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2023; 10:100-109. [PMID: 39015560 PMCID: PMC11251714 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-023-00400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review The current lack of objective and quantitative assessment techniques to determine cardiac graft relative viability results in risk-averse decision-making, which negatively impact the utilization of cardiac grafts. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current deficiencies in cardiac allograft assessment before focusing on novel cardiac assessment techniques that exploit conventional and emerging imaging modalities, including ultrasound, magnetic resonance, and spectroscopy. Recent Findings Extensive work is ongoing by the scientific community to identify improved objective metrics and tools for cardiac graft assessment, with the goal to safely increasing the number and proportion of hearts accepted for transplantation. Summary This review briefly discusses the in situ and ex vivo tools currently available for clinical organ assessment, before focusing on the individual capabilities of ultrasound, magnetic resonance, and spectroscopy to provide insightful, non-invasive information regarding cardiac graft functional and metabolic status that may be used to predict outcome after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lopera Higuita
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rohil Jain
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asishana A. Osho
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, Boston, USA
| | - S. Alireza Rabi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, Boston, USA
| | - Timothy L. Pruett
- Division of Solid Organ Transplantation and Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Richard N. Pierson
- Department of Surgery and Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul A. Iaizzo
- Visible Heart Laboratories, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN 55455 Minneapolis, USA
| | - Shannon N. Tessier
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang D, Chayer B, Destrempes F, Poree J, Cardinal MHR, Tournoux F, Cloutier G. Ultrafast Myocardial Principal Strain Ultrasound Elastography During Stress Tests: In Vitro Validation and In Vivo Feasibility. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:3284-3296. [PMID: 36269911 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3216447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective myocardial contractility assessment during stress tests aims to improve the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) or optical flow (OF) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has been used to quantify myocardial contractility at rest. However, this is more challenging during stress tests due to image decorrelation at high heart rates. Moreover, stress tests imply a high frame rate which leads to a limited lateral field of view. Therefore, a large lateral field-of-view robust ultrafast myocardial regularized OF-TDI principal strain estimator has been developed for high-frame-rate echocardiography of coherently compounded transmitted diverging waves. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed estimator were validated in vitro (using sonomicrometry as the gold standard) and in vivo stress experiments. Compared with OF strain imaging, the proposed estimator improved the accuracy of principal major and minor strains during stress tests, with an average contrast-to-noise ratio improvement of 4.4 ± 2.7 dB ( p -value < 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant correlation and a very close agreement between the proposed estimator and sonomicrometry for tested heart rates between 60 and 180 beats per minute (bpm). The averages ± standard deviations (STD) of R2 and biases ± STD between them were 0.96 ± 0.04 ( p -value < 0.01) and 0.01 ± 0.03% in the axial direction, respectively; and 0.94 ± 0.02 ( p -value < 0.01) and 0.04 ± 0.06% in the lateral direction, respectively. These results suggest that the proposed estimator could be useful clinically to provide an accurate and quantitative 2-D large lateral field-of-view myocardial strain assessment at high heart rates during stress echocardiography.
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Caenen A, Pernot M, Nightingale KR, Voigt JU, Vos HJ, Segers P, D'hooge J. Assessing cardiac stiffness using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Phys Med Biol 2021; 67. [PMID: 34874312 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Shear wave elastography offers a new dimension to echocardiography: it measures myocardial stiffness. Therefore, it could provide additional insights into the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases affecting myocardial stiffness and potentially improve diagnosis or guide patient treatment. The technique detects fast mechanical waves on the heart wall with high frame rate echography, and converts their propagation velocity into a stiffness value. A proper interpretation of shear wave data is required as the shear wave interacts with the intrinsic, yet dynamically changing geometrical and material characteristics of the heart under pressure. This dramatically alters the wave physics of the propagating wave, demanding adapted processing methods compared to other shear wave elastography applications as breast tumor and liver stiffness staging. Furthermore, several advanced analysis methods have been proposed to extract supplementary material features such as viscosity and anisotropy, potentially offering additional diagnostic value. This review explains the general mechanical concepts underlying cardiac shear wave elastography and provides an overview of the preclinical and clinical studies within the field. We also identify the mechanical and technical challenges ahead to make shear wave elastography a valuable tool for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Caenen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, BELGIUM
| | - Mathieu Pernot
- INSERM U979 "Physics for medicine", ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 7587, Institut Langevin, Paris, FRANCE
| | - Kathryn R Nightingale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, UNITED STATES
| | - Jens-Uwe Voigt
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - Hendrik J Vos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, NETHERLANDS
| | - Patrick Segers
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Universiteit Gent, Gent, BELGIUM
| | - Jan D'hooge
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, BELGIUM
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Pedreira O, Correia M, Chatelin S, Villemain O, Goudot G, Thiebaut S, Bassan G, Messas E, Tanter M, Papadacci C, Pernot M. Smart ultrasound device for non-invasive real-time myocardial stiffness quantification of the human heart. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:42-52. [PMID: 34097602 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3087039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of myocardial stiffness is crucial to understand and evaluate cardiac biomechanics and function. Despite the recent progresses of ultrasonic shear wave elastography, quantitative evaluation of myocardial stiffness still remains a challenge because of strong elastic anisotropy. In this paper we introduce a smart ultrasound approach for non-invasive real-time quantification of shear wave velocity (SWV) and elastic fractional anisotropy (FA) in locally transverse isotropic elastic medium such as the myocardium. The approach relies on a simultaneous multidirectional evaluation of the SWV without a prior knowledge of the fiber orientation. We demonstrated that it can quantify accurately SWV in the range of 1.5 to 6 m/s in transverse isotropic medium (FA<0.7) using numerical simulations. Experimental validation was performed on calibrated phantoms and anisotropic ex vivo tissues. A mean absolute error of 0.22 m/s was found when compared to gold standard measurements. Finally, in vivo feasibility of myocardial anisotropic stiffness assessment was evaluated in four healthy volunteers on the antero-septo basal segment and on anterior free wall of the right ventricle (RV) in end-diastole. A mean longitudinal SWV of 1.08 0.20 m/s was measured on the RV wall and 1.74 0.51 m/s on the Septal wall with a good intra-volunteer reproducibility (0.18 m/s). This approach has the potential to become a clinical tool for the quantitative evaluation of myocardial stiffness and diastolic function.
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9
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Petrescu A, D'hooge J, Voigt JU. Concepts and applications of ultrafast cardiac ultrasound imaging. Echocardiography 2021; 38:7-15. [PMID: 33471395 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of ultrafast echocardiographic imaging has been around for decades. However, only recent progress in ultrasound machine hardware and computer technology allowed to apply this concept to echocardiography. High frame rate echocardiography can visualize phenomena that have never been captured before. It enables a wide variety of potential new applications, including shear wave imaging, speckle tracking, ultrafast Doppler imaging, and myocardial perfusion imaging. The principles of these applications and their potential clinical use will be presented in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Petrescu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Center, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan D'hooge
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens-Uwe Voigt
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Strachinaru M, Bosch JG, Schinkel AFL, Michels M, Feyz L, de Jong N, Geleijnse ML, Vos HJ. Local myocardial stiffness variations identified by high frame rate shear wave echocardiography. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2020; 18:40. [PMID: 32993683 PMCID: PMC7525991 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-020-00222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shear waves are generated by the closure of the heart valves. Significant differences in shear wave velocity have been found recently between normal myocardium and disease models of diffusely increased muscle stiffness. In this study we correlate in vivo myocardial shear wave imaging (SWI) with presence of scarred tissue, as model for local increase of stiffness. Stiffness variation is hypothesized to appear as velocity variation. METHODS Ten healthy volunteers (group 1), 10 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients without any cardiac intervention (group 2), and 10 HCM patients with prior septal reduction therapy (group 3) underwent high frame rate tissue Doppler echocardiography. The SW in the interventricular septum after aortic valve closure was mapped along two M-mode lines, in the inner and outer layer. RESULTS We compared SWI to 3D echocardiography and strain imaging. In groups 1 and 2, no change in velocity was detected. In group 3, 8/10 patients showed a variation in SW velocity. All three patients having transmural scar showed a simultaneous velocity variation in both layers. Out of six patients with endocardial scar, five showed variations in the inner layer. CONCLUSION Local variations in stiffness, with myocardial remodeling post septal reduction therapy as model, can be detected by a local variation in the propagation velocity of naturally occurring shear waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Strachinaru
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Cardiology, Postbus 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan G Bosch
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Biomedical Engineering, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arend F L Schinkel
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Cardiology, Postbus 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Michels
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Cardiology, Postbus 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lida Feyz
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Cardiology, Postbus 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nico de Jong
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Biomedical Engineering, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel L Geleijnse
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Cardiology, Postbus 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Vos
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Biomedical Engineering, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Villemain O, Baranger J, Friedberg MK, Papadacci C, Dizeux A, Messas E, Tanter M, Pernot M, Mertens L. Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging in Pediatric and Adult Cardiology. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:1771-1791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kreft B, Tzschätzsch H, Schrank F, Bergs J, Streitberger KJ, Wäldchen S, Hetzer S, Braun J, Sack I. Time-Resolved Response of Cerebral Stiffness to Hypercapnia in Humans. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:936-943. [PMID: 32001088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow, cerebral stiffness (CS) and intracranial pressure are tightly linked variables of cerebrovascular reactivity and cerebral autoregulation. Transtemporal ultrasound time-harmonic elastography was used for rapid measurement of CS changes in 10 volunteers before, during and after administration of a gas mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2 (carbogen). Within the first 2.2 ± 2.0 min of carbogen breathing, shear wave speed determined as a surrogate parameter of CS increased from 1.57 ± 0.04 to 1.66 ± 0.05 m/s (p < 0.01) in synchrony with end-tidal CO2 while post-hypercapnic CS recovery was delayed by 2.7 ± 1.4 min in relation to end-tidal CO2. Our results indicate that CS is highly sensitive to changes in CO2 levels of inhaled air. Possible mechanisms underlying the observed CS changes might be associated with cerebrovascular reactivity, cerebral blood flow adaptation and intracranial regulation, all of which are potentially relevant for future diagnostic applications of transtemporal time-harmonic elastography in a wide spectrum of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kreft
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Tzschätzsch
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Schrank
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Bergs
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Wäldchen
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (BCAN), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Strachinaru M, Geleijnse ML, de Jong N, van den Bosch A, Michels M, Schinkel AFL, van der Steen AFW, Bosch JG, Vos HJ. Myocardial Stretch Post-atrial Contraction in Healthy Volunteers and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1987-1998. [PMID: 31155404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In cardiac high-frame-rate color tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), a wave-like pattern travels over the interventricular septum (IVS) after atrial contraction. The propagation velocity of this myocardial stretch post-atrial contraction (MSPa) was proposed as a measure of left ventricular stiffness. The aim of our study was to investigate the MSPa in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) compared with healthy volunteers. Forty-two healthy volunteers and 33 HCM patients underwent high-frame-rate (>500 Hz) TDI apical echocardiography. MSPa was visible in TDI, M-mode and speckle tracking. When assuming a wave propagating with constant velocity, MSPa in healthy volunteers (1.6 ± 0.3 m/s) did not differ from that in HCM patients (1.8 ± 0.8 m/s, p = 0.14). Yet, in 42% of patients with HCM, the MSPa had a non-constant velocity over the wall: in the basal IVS, the velocity was lower (1.4 ± 0.5 m/s), and in the mid-IVS, much higher (6.1 ± 3.4 m/s, p < 0.0001), and this effect was related to the septal thickness. The reason is hypothesized to be the reaching of maximal longitudinal myocardial distension in HCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nico de Jong
- Thoraxcenter Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michelle Michels
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johan G Bosch
- Thoraxcenter Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Vos
- Thoraxcenter Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Myocardial Stiffness by Intrinsic Cardiac Elastography in Patients with Amyloidosis: Comparison with Chamber Stiffness and Global Longitudinal Strain. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 32:958-968.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.04.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Strachinaru M, Bosch JG, van Gils L, van Dalen BM, Schinkel AFL, van der Steen AFW, de Jong N, Michels M, Vos HJ, Geleijnse ML. Naturally Occurring Shear Waves in Healthy Volunteers and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1977-1986. [PMID: 31079873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We apply a high frame rate (over 500 Hz) tissue Doppler method to measure the propagation velocity of naturally occurring shear waves (SW) generated by aortic and mitral valves closure. The aim of this work is to demonstrate clinical relevance. We included 45 healthy volunteers and 43 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The mitral SW (4.68 ± 0.66 m/s) was consistently faster than the aortic (3.51 ± 0.38 m/s) in all volunteers (p < 0.0001). In HCM patients, SW velocity correlated with E/e' ratio (r = 0.346, p = 0.04 for aortic SW and r = 0.667, p = 0.04 for mitral SW). A subgroup of 20 volunteers were matched for age and gender to 20 HCM patients. In HCM, the mean velocity of 5.1 ± 0.7 m/s for the aortic SW (3.61 ± 0.46 m/s in matched volunteers, p < 0.0001) and 6.88 ± 1.12 m/s for the mitral SW(4.65 ± 0.77 m/s in matched volunteers, p < 0.0001). A threshold of 4 m/s for the aortic SW correctly classified pathologic myocardium with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 90%. Naturally occurring SW can be used to assess differences between normal and pathologic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan G Bosch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart van Gils
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas M van Dalen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nico de Jong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Michels
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Vos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Vejdani-Jahromi M, Freedman J, Trahey GE, Wolf PD. Measuring Intraventricular Pressure Using Ultrasound Elastography. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:1167-1177. [PMID: 30218456 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intraventricular pressure (IVP) is one of the most important measurements for evaluating cardiac function, but this measurement is not currently easily assessable in the clinic. The primary reason for this is the absence of a noninvasive technique for measuring IVP. In this study, we investigate the relationship between IVP and dynamic myocardial stiffness measured by shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) and assess the feasibility of measuring IVP using SWEI. METHODS In 8 isolated working rabbit hearts, IVP was recorded in the left ventricle using a pressure catheter. Simultaneously, myocardial stiffness was recorded by SWEI. Using the peak values for IVP and SWEI measured stiffness, SWEI measurements were calibrated and converted to IVP. RESULTS A linear relationship with zero intercept was observed between IVP and SWEI, with the average slope of 0.318 kPa/mm Hg, R2 = 0.89. Using one point on the IVP/SWEI curve, SWEI measurements were converted to IVP. Estimated pressure using SWEI and IVP were linearly correlated with the slope of 0.95, R2 = 0.88 (mean end diastolic pressure by pressure catheter = 12.716 mm Hg and by SWEI=14.726 mm Hg), indicating the near equivalence of the 2 measurements. CONCLUSION We have shown that SWEI measurements are linearly related to IVP; therefore, pressure-based indices could potentially be derived from SWEI ultrasound elastography. The feasibility of using SWEI to estimate IVP with a single point calibration was also shown in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna Freedman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregg E Trahey
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick D Wolf
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Caenen A, Pernot M, Peirlinck M, Mertens L, Swillens A, Segers P. An in silico framework to analyze the anisotropic shear wave mechanics in cardiac shear wave elastography. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:075005. [PMID: 29451120 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaaffe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a potential tool to non-invasively assess cardiac muscle stiffness. This study focused on the effect of the orthotropic material properties and mechanical loading on the performance of cardiac SWE, as it is known that these factors contribute to complex 3D anisotropic shear wave propagation. To investigate the specific impact of these complexities, we constructed a finite element model with an orthotropic material law subjected to different uniaxial stretches to simulate SWE in the stressed cardiac wall. Group and phase speed were analyzed in function of tissue thickness and virtual probe rotation angle. Tissue stretching increased the group and phase speed of the simulated shear wave, especially in the direction of the muscle fiber. As the model provided access to the true fiber orientation and material properties, we assessed the accuracy of two fiber orientation extraction methods based on SWE. We found a higher accuracy (but lower robustness) when extracting fiber orientations based on the location of maximal shear wave speed instead of the angle of the major axis of the ellipsoidal group speed surface. Both methods had a comparable performance for the center region of the cardiac wall, and performed less well towards the edges. Lastly, we also assessed the (theoretical) impact of pathology on shear wave physics and characterization in the model. It was found that SWE was able to detect changes in fiber orientation and material characteristics, potentially associated with cardiac pathologies such as myocardial fibrosis. Furthermore, the model showed clearly altered shear wave patterns for the fibrotic myocardium compared to the healthy myocardium, which forms an initial but promising outcome of this modeling study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Caenen
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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18
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Vejdani-Jahromi M, Freedman J, Kim YJ, Trahey GE, Wolf PD. Assessment of Diastolic Function Using Ultrasound Elastography. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:551-561. [PMID: 29331356 PMCID: PMC5873966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) is a novel ultrasound elastography technique for assessing tissue stiffness. In this study, we investigate the potential of SWEI for providing diastolic functional assessment. In 11 isolated rabbit hearts, pressure-volume (PV) measurements were recorded simultaneously with SWEI recordings from the left ventricle free wall before and after induction of global ischemia. PV-based end diastolic stiffness increased by 100% after ischemia (p <0.05), and SWEI stiffness showed an increase of 103% (p <0.05). The relaxation time constant (τ) before and after ischemia derived from pressure and SWEI curves showed increases of 79% and 76%, respectively (p <0.05). A linear regression between pressure-derived and SWEI-based (τ) showed a slope of 1.164 with R2 = 0.80, indicating the near equivalence of the two assessments. SWEI can be used to derive (τ) values and myocardial end diastolic stiffness. In global conditions, these measurements are consistent with PV measurements of diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna Freedman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Young-Joong Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregg E Trahey
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patrick D Wolf
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Pislaru C, Alashry MM, Thaden JJ, Pellikka PA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Pislaru SV. Intrinsic Wave Propagation of Myocardial Stretch, A New Tool to Evaluate Myocardial Stiffness: A Pilot Study in Patients with Aortic Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30:1070-1080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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