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Green AL, Cowell EC, Carr LM, Hemsley K, Sherratt E, Collins-Praino LE, Carr JM. Application of diceCT to Study the Development of the Zika Virus-Infected Mouse Brain. Viruses 2024; 16:1330. [PMID: 39205304 PMCID: PMC11358961 DOI: 10.3390/v16081330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) impacts the developing brain. Here, a technique was applied to define, in 3D, developmental changes in the brains of ZIKV-infected mice. Postnatal day 1 mice were uninfected or ZIKV-infected, then analysed by iodine staining and micro-CT scanning (diffusible iodine contrast-enhanced micro-CT; diceCT) at 3-, 6-, and 10-days post-infection (dpi). Multiple brain regions were visualised using diceCT: the olfactory bulb, cerebrum, hippocampus, midbrain, interbrain, and cerebellum, along with the lens and retina of the eye. Brain regions were computationally segmented and quantitated, with increased brain volumes and developmental time in uninfected mice. Conversely, in ZIKV-infected mice, no quantitative differences were seen at 3 or 6 dpi when there were no clinical signs, but qualitatively, diverse visual defects were identified at 6-10 dpi. By 10 dpi, ZIKV-infected mice had significantly lower body weight and reduced volume of brain regions compared to 10 dpi-uninfected or 6 dpi ZIKV-infected mice. Nissl and immunofluorescent Iba1 staining on post-diceCT tissue were successful, but RNA extraction was not. Thus, diceCT shows utility for detecting both 3D qualitative and quantitative changes in the developing brain of ZIKV-infected mice, with the benefit, post-diceCT, of retaining the ability to apply traditional histology and immunofluorescent analysis to tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Green
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.L.G.); (E.C.C.); (K.H.)
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Evangeline C. Cowell
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.L.G.); (E.C.C.); (K.H.)
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Laura M. Carr
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.M.C.); (L.E.C.-P.)
| | - Kim Hemsley
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.L.G.); (E.C.C.); (K.H.)
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Emma Sherratt
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.M.C.); (L.E.C.-P.)
| | - Jillian M. Carr
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.L.G.); (E.C.C.); (K.H.)
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Carvalho MDCG, Ximenes RAA, Andrade-Valença LPA, Montarroyos UR, Diniz GTN, Rodrigues LC, Brickley EB, Eickmann SH, de Araujo TVB, Martelli CMT, da Silva PFS, Miranda-Filho DDB. Longitudinal evolution of electroencephalogram (EEG): Findings over five years of follow-up in children with Zika-related microcephaly from the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Pediatric Cohort (2015-2020). Seizure 2023; 110:28-41. [PMID: 37302158 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the longitudinal evolution of EEG findings in children with Zika related-microcephaly (ZRM) and to evaluate the associations of these patterns with the children's clinical and neuroimaging characteristics. METHODS As part of the follow-up of the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Pediatric Cohort (MERG-PC) in Recife, Brazil, we performed serial EEG recordings in a subgroup of children with ZRM to evaluate changes in background rhythms and epileptiform activity (EA). Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns in the evolution of EA over time; clinical and neuroimaging findings were compared across the identified groups. RESULTS Out of the 72 children with ZRM who were evaluated during 190 EEGs/videoEEGs, all participants presented with abnormal background activity, 37.5% presented with an alpha-theta rhythmic activity, and 25% presented with sleep spindles, which were less commonly observed in children with epilepsy. EA changed over time in 79.2% of children, and three distinct trajectories were identified: (i) multifocal EA over time, (ii) no discharges/focal EA evolving to focal/multifocal EA, and (iii) focal/multifocal EA evolving to epileptic encephalopathy patterns (e.g., hypsarrhythmia or continuous EA in sleep). The multifocal EA over time trajectory was associated with periventricular and thalamus/basal ganglia calcifications, brainstem and corpus callosum atrophy and had less focal epilepsy, whereas the children in the trajectory which evolved to epileptic encephalopathy patterns had more frequently focal epilepsy. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that, in most children with ZRM, trajectories of changes in EA can be identified and associated with neuroimaging and clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo A A Ximenes
- University of Pernambuco, Recife Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laura C Rodrigues
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Tran VTA, Lee LP, Cho H. Neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration via microbial infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907804. [PMID: 36052093 PMCID: PMC9425114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies show a noticeable correlation between chronic microbial infections and neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear due to the biological complexity of multicellular and multiorgan interactions upon microbial infections. In this review, we show the infection leading to neurodegeneration mediated by multiorgan interconnections and neuroinflammation. Firstly, we highlight three inter-organ communications as possible routes from infection sites to the brain: nose-brain axis, lung-brain axis, and gut-brain axis. Next, we described the biological crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes upon pathogenic infection. Finally, our study indicates how neuroinflammation is a critical player in pathogen-mediated neurodegeneration. Taken together, we envision that antibiotics targeting neuro-pathogens could be a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi Ai Tran
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hansang Cho, ; Luke P. Lee,
| | - Hansang Cho
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hansang Cho, ; Luke P. Lee,
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Rocha PL, Silva WLS, da Silva Sousa P, da Silva AAM, Barros AK. Discrimination of secondary hypsarrhythmias to Zika virus congenital syndrome and west syndrome based on joint moments and entropy measurements. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7389. [PMID: 35513477 PMCID: PMC9072419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypsarrhythmia is a specific chaotic morphology, present in the interictal period of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal in patients with West Syndrome (WS), a severe form of childhood epilepsy and that, recently, was also identified in the examinations of patients with Zika Virus Congenital Syndrome (ZVCS). This innovative work proposes the development of a computational methodology for analysis and differentiation, based on the time-frequency domain, between the chaotic pattern of WS and ZVCS hypsarrhythmia. The EEG signal time-frequency analysis is carried out from the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). Four joint moments-joint mean-[Formula: see text], joint variance-[Formula: see text], joint skewness-[Formula: see text], and joint kurtosis-[Formula: see text]-and four entropy measurements-Shannon, Log Energy, Norm, and Sure-are obtained from the CWT to compose the representative feature vector of the EEG hypsarrhythmic signals under analysis. The performance of eight classical types of machine learning algorithms are verified in classification using the k-fold cross validation and leave-one-patient-out cross validation methods. Discrimination results provided 78.08% accuracy, 85.55% sensitivity, 73.21% specificity, and AUC = 0.89 for the ANN classifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Lima Rocha
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory for Biological Information Processing (PIB), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, CEP 65080-805, Brazil.
| | | | - Patrícia da Silva Sousa
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil
| | | | - Allan Kardec Barros
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory for Biological Information Processing (PIB), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, CEP 65080-805, Brazil
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Schuler-Faccini L, Del Campo M, García-Alix A, Ventura LO, Boquett JA, van der Linden V, Pessoa A, van der Linden Júnior H, Ventura CV, Leal MC, Kowalski TW, Rodrigues Gerzson L, Skilhan de Almeida C, Santi L, Beys-da-Silva WO, Quincozes-Santos A, Guimarães JA, Garcez PP, Gomes JDA, Vianna FSL, Anjos da Silva A, Fraga LR, Vieira Sanseverino MT, Muotri AR, Lopes da Rosa R, Abeche AM, Marcolongo-Pereira C, Souza DO. Neurodevelopment in Children Exposed to Zika in utero: Clinical and Molecular Aspects. Front Genet 2022; 13:758715. [PMID: 35350244 PMCID: PMC8957982 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.758715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Five years after the identification of Zika virus as a human teratogen, we reviewed the early clinical manifestations, collectively called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Children with CZS have a very poor prognosis with extremely low performance in motor, cognitive, and language development domains, and practically all feature severe forms of cerebral palsy. However, these manifestations are the tip of the iceberg, with some children presenting milder forms of deficits. Additionally, neurodevelopment can be in the normal range in the majority of the non-microcephalic children born without brain or eye abnormalities. Vertical transmission and the resulting disruption in development of the brain are much less frequent when maternal infection occurs in the second half of the pregnancy. Experimental studies have alerted to the possibility of other behavioral outcomes both in prenatally infected children and in postnatal and adult infections. Cofactors play a vital role in the development of CZS and involve genetic, environmental, nutritional, and social determinants leading to the asymmetric distribution of cases. Some of these social variables also limit access to multidisciplinary professional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Miguel Del Campo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Liana O Ventura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fundação Altino Ventura, FAV, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Pessoa
- Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Camila V Ventura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fundação Altino Ventura, FAV, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,CESUCA-Centro Universitário, Cachoeirinha, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucélia Santi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Walter O Beys-da-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge A Guimarães
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Anjos da Silva
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences-Universidade do Vale do Taquari-UNIVATES, Lajeado, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani Abeche
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo O Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Santos EMDS, Reis MCDS, Feitosa ALF, Medeiros AMC. Sleep in children with microcephaly due to Zika virus infection: a systematic review. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2021; 55:e20200507. [PMID: 34479309 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2020-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature on sleep changes and brain function in children with microcephaly due to Zika virus. METHOD Systematic review conducted in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, and SciELO and the grey databases Google Scholar and OpenGrey. RESULTS Ten Brazilian primary studies with observational research design were included. These were published between 2017 and 2020 with 516 children with microcephaly due to Zika virus infection aged 4 months to 4 years. Out of these, 4 investigated qualitative aspects of sleep using the questionnaires Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire or Infant Sleep Questionnaire and 6 investigated changes in brain activities during sleep using the Electroencephalogram or Video-Electroencephalogram exams. The children's quality of sleep was not compromised in most studies. Changes in brain activity during sleep were frequent, with epileptogenic activity being a common finding among the studies. CONCLUSION The quality of sleep of children with microcephaly due to Zika virus has shown to be similar to that of children with typical development and the presented behavioral changes may be related to changes in electric brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Mariano de Souza Santos
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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