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Hu D, Lu ZY, Liao X, Jia XW, Song WH, Hu YY, He YC. Engineering an Epoxide Hydrolase for Chemoenzymatic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Triazole Fungicide ( S)- and ( R)-Flutriafol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21741-21751. [PMID: 39297229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Flutriafol, a globally utilized triazole fungicide in agriculture, is typically applied as a racemic mixture, but its enantiomers differ in bioactivity and environmental impact. The synthesis of flutriafol enantiomers is critically dependent on chiral precursors: 2,2-bisaryl-substituted oxirane [(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxirane, 1a] and 1,2-diol [1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol, 1b]. Here, we engineered a Rhodotorula paludigensis epoxide hydrolase (RpEH), obtaining mutant Escherichia coli/RpehH336W/L360F with a 6.4-fold enhanced enantiomeric ratio (E) from 5.5 to 35.4. This enabled a gram-scale resolution of rac-1a by E. coli/RpehH336W/L360F, producing (S)-1a (98.2% ees) and (R)-1b (75.0% eep) with 44.3 and 55.7% analytical yields, respectively. As follows, chiral (S)-flutriafol (98.2% ee) and (R)-flutriafol (75.0% ee) were easily synthesized by a one-step chemocatalytic process from (S)-1a and a two-step chemocatalytic process from (R)-1b, respectively. This chemoenzymatic approach offers a superior alternative for the asymmetric synthesis of flutriafol enantiomers. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations revealed insight into the enantioselectivity improvement of RpEH toward bulky 2,2-bisaryl-substituted oxirane 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Lu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xue-Wei Jia
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wen-Hao Song
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu-Ye Hu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Synthesis and in-vitro biological evaluation of 1,1-diaryl-2-(1,2,3)triazol-1-yl-ethanol derivatives as antifungal compounds flutriafol analogues. J CHEM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-019-1605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chen CJ, Li QQ, Ma YN, Wang W, Cheng YX, Xu FR, Dong X. Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils from Five Kinds of Rutaceae Plants - Avoiding Pesticide Residue and Resistance. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800688. [PMID: 30839164 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng root is a traditional Chinese herb, of which the yield and quality have been seriously affected by microorganisms, and is commonly used to treat various kinds of bleeding. In this experiment, the effects of the antifungal properties of essential oils (EOs) from five kinds of Rutaceae plants on the growth of three kinds of pathogens were studied to develop natural, environmentally friendly antifungal agents. Citrus medica EO was found to have stronger inhibitory effects on the growth of pathogenic fungi in vitro than other EOs with the Oxford cup method, of which the chemical composition was further investigated by GC/MS. The major components were d-limonene (22.79 %) and γ-terpinene (9.71 %). The antifungal activities were evaluated by MIC and FIC assays. In these assays, C. medica EO, d-limonene and γ-terpinene were effective against three pathogens of P. notoginseng with MIC values ranging from 0.12 to 12.05 mg/mL. The association between hymexazol and C. medica EO showed a high synergistic effect with lower FIC index values (FICi=0.31-2.00). Furthermore, C. medica EO was further assessed in P. notoginseng planted in a continuous cropping soil (CCS) and was found to reduce the disease incidence and disease severity compared with P. notoginseng planted in CCS only without EO addition. This finding suggested that C. medica EO has potential as a natural environmentally antifungal agent against pathogens of P. notoginseng, ensuring its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jiao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Nan Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Feixian Agriculture Bureau, Feixian, 273400, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Rong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xian Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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Monitoring Antifungal Agents of Artemisia annua against Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani, Associated with Panax notoginseng Root-Rot Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010213. [PMID: 30626142 PMCID: PMC6337599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Root rot of Panax notoginseng has received great attention due to its threat on the plantation and sustainable utilization of P. notoginseng. To suppress the root-rot disease, natural ingredients are of great importance because of their environment friendly properties. In this study, we found that the methanol extract from Artemisia annua leaves has strong antifungal effects on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani resulting into root-rot disease. Essential oil (EO) thereof was found to be the most active. GC-MS analysis revealed 58 ingredients and camphor, camphene, β-caryophyllene, and germacrene D were identified as the major ingredients. Further antifungal assays showed that the main compounds exhibit various degrees of inhibition against all the fungi tested. In addition, synergistic effects between A. annua EO and chemical fungicides were examined. Finally, in vivo experiments were conducted and disclosed that P. notoginseng root rot could be largely inhibited by the petroleum ether extract from A. annua, indicating that A. annua could be a good source for controlling P. notoginseng root-rot.
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Elhady MA, Khalaf AAA, Kamel MM, Noshy PA. Carvacrol ameliorates behavioral disturbances and DNA damage in the brain of rats exposed to propiconazole. Neurotoxicology 2019; 70:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Liu S, Cui T, Xu A, Han W, Li J, Sun X, Shen J, Wang L. Electrochemical treatment of flutriafol wastewater using a novel 3D macroporous PbO 2 filter: Operating parameters, mechanism and toxicity assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 358:187-197. [PMID: 29990806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to break the high operating cost bottleneck of electrochemical treatment of aqueous flutriafol (FTF), an emerging fungicide, a novel three-dimensional ordered macroporous PbO2 (3DOM-PbO2) filter was designed to facilitate mass transfer. The effects of operating parameters, including current density, flow rate and initial concentration on FTF electrooxidation performance were investigated using conventional flat Ti/PbO2 (F-Ti/PbO2) and 3DOM-PbO2 filters, with primary objective being the development of appropriate parameters for FTF treatment. The results indicated that the FTF removal efficiency on 3DOM-PbO2 filter was improved by 2.8 times compared to that on F-Ti/PbO2 at 5 mA cm-2, 10 ml s-1 and 100 mg L-1 FTF. The corresponding electrical energy consumption was reduced by 2.7 times, ` TOC removal and mineralization current efficiency were enhanced by 4.9 and 4.8 times, respectively. Furthermore, aromatic intermediates, nitrogenous compounds and carboxylic acids were identified as main byproducts using experimental method combined with quantum chemical calculations. Then, a possible pathway of FTF degradation on 3DOM-PbO2 was proposed. Finally, the acute toxicity results showed that toxicity of the byproducts first increases and then decreases through the proposed route. LC50,48 h value of FTF wastewater increased 35%-70% on the 3DOM-PbO2 filter, indicating a significant biodegradability enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Anlin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Weiqing Han
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Sun WM, Ma YN, Yin YJ, Chen CJ, Xu FR, Dong X, Cheng YX. Effects of Essential Oils from Zingiberaceae Plants on Root-Rot Disease of Panax notoginseng. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051021. [PMID: 29701709 PMCID: PMC6102565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Replanting obstacles of Panax notoginseng caused by complex factors, including pathogens, have received great attention. In this study, essential oils (EOs) from either Alpinia officinarum Hance or Amomum tsao-ko (Zingiberaceae) were found to inhibit the growth of P. notoginseng-associated pathogenic fungi in vitro. Subsequent GC-MS analysis revealed the chemical profiles of two plant derived EOs. Linalool and eucalyptol were found to be abundant in the EOs and tested for their antifungal activities. In addition, the synergistic effects of A. tsao-ko EOs and hymexazol were also examined. These findings suggested that Zingiberaceae EOs might be a good source for developing new green natural pesticides fighting against root-rot of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Mei Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yu-Nan Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yan-Jiao Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Chuan-Jiao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Fu-Rong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xian Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Yuan B, Xue LW, Zhang QY, Kong WW, Peng J, Kou M, Jiang JH. Essential Oil from Sweet Potato Vines, a Potential New Natural Preservative, and an Antioxidant on Sweet Potato Tubers: Assessment of the Activity and the Constitution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7481-7491. [PMID: 27624288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi and oxidation are the major factors that cause the deterioration of sweet potatoes and also cause the loss of quality that makes consumption unsafe. In the present study, the in vitro results demonstrate that the essential oil from sweet potato vines exhibits significantly enhanced activity compared to that of the control. Furthermore, the essential oil can actively inhibit the growth of some common microorganisms inducing pathogenic bacteria and fungi (inhibition rates above 50% at low concentrations). A total of 31 constituents were identified using GC-MS and confirmed that linalool and p-hydroxybenzoic acid are the major active ingredients. The experiment involving actual tubers showed that the essential oil could retains its quality and effectiveness again the fungus disease. This suggests that it could be used in the food industry to increase the shelf life of stored produce (tubers) to ensure food safety without the use of additives or preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Ling-Wei Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Wan-Wan Kong
- Department of Environmental Monitoring and Protection, Peixian, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221600, China
| | - Jun Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Meng Kou
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
- Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Ji-Hong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
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Speck-Planche A, Kleandrova VV, Luan F, Cordeiro MNDS. Predicting multiple ecotoxicological profiles in agrochemical fungicides: a multi-species chemoinformatic approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 80:308-313. [PMID: 22521812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is needed to deal with crop losses caused by biotic stresses like pests. The use of pesticides has played a vital role, contributing to improve crop production and harvest productivity, providing a better crop quality and supply, and consequently contributing with the improvement of the human health. An important group of these pesticides is fungicides. However, the use of these agrochemical fungicides is an important source of contamination, damaging the ecosystems. Several studies have been realized for the assessment of the toxicity in agrochemical fungicides, but the principal limitation is the use of structurally related compounds against usually one indicator species. In order to overcome this problem, we explore the quantitative structure-toxicity relationships (QSTR) in agrochemical fungicides. Here, we developed the first multi-species (ms) chemoinformatic approach for the prediction multiple ecotoxicological profiles of fungicides against 20 indicators species and their classifications in toxic or nontoxic. The ms-QSTR discriminant model was based on substructural descriptors and a heterogeneous database of compounds. The percentages of correct classification were higher than 90% for both, training and prediction series. Also, substructural alerts responsible for the toxicity/no toxicity in fungicides respect all ecotoxicological profiles, were extracted and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Speck-Planche
- REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Faro LRF, Alfonso M, Maués LAL, Durán R. Role of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors and nitric oxide in the effects of flutriafol, a triazole fungicide, on the in vivo striatal dopamine release. J Toxicol Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian R. Ferreira Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Helth Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Miguel Alfonso
- Department of Functional Biology and Helth Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis A. L. Maués
- Department of Functional Biology and Helth Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Durán
- Department of Functional Biology and Helth Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
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Shen Z, Zhang P, Xu X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Liu D. Gender-related differences in stereoselective degradation of flutriafol in rabbits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10071-10077. [PMID: 21740052 DOI: 10.1021/jf201784r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective pharmacokinetics of flutriafol were investigated in male and female adult Japanese white rabbits. Following intravenous administration of rac-flutriafol to rabbits at 5 mg/kg (bd wt), the concentrations of the enantiomers in plasma were determined by a HLPC-UV method using a CDMPC-CSP chiral column. R-Flutriafol exhibited a shorter distribution half-life but a longer elimination half-life than the S-isomer. In female rabbits, the distribution half-lives of R- and S-flutriafol were found to be 0.09 and 0.18 h, respectively, significantly shorter than those in male rabbits, but the volume of distribution and elimination half-life for flutriafol enantiomers in both sexes of rabbit showed no significant differences. Female rabbits had a higher clearance for both flutriafol enantiomers. The protein binding value was high for both isomers, with enantioselectivity, but no gender difference. It was an important factor in modulating the disposition of flutriafol. Flutriafol concentrations in kidney, liver, fat, and lung were higher than in other tissues at 10 h after administration, and the concentrations of R-flutriafol were higher in all tissues than those of its antipode. However, gender difference in flutriafol residues in tissues was not observed. It is concluded that the stereoselectivity of flutriafol on distribution and elimination in rabbits mainly depends upon gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Kako H, Kobayashi Y, Yokogoshi H. Effects of n-hexanal on dopamine release in the striatum of living rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 651:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lin L, Cai Y, Lin R, Yu L, Song C, Gao H, Li X. New integrated in vivo microdialysis-electrochemical device for determination of the neurotransmitter dopamine in rat striatum of freely moving rats. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lin L, Gao H, Lin D, Gao M, Xiao M, Yang S, Li X. LC-ED with an Acetylene Black–Dihexadecyl Hydrogen Phosphate Composite Film-Modified Electrode for in Vivo Analysis of Thiols in Rat Striatal Microdialysate. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Electrochemical determination of xanthine and hypoxanthine in rat striatum with an acetylene black-dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate composite film modified electrode by HPLC coupled with in vivo microdialysis. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Faro LRF, Alfonso M, Cervantes R, Durán R. Comparative Effects of Pesticides onIn VivoDopamine Release in Freely Moving Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 105:395-400. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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