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Leiva F, Abdelghafour F, Alsheikh M, Nagy NE, Davik J, Chawade A. ScabyNet, a user-friendly application for detecting common scab in potato tubers using deep learning and morphological traits. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1277. [PMID: 38218867 PMCID: PMC10787732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Common scab (CS) is a major bacterial disease causing lesions on potato tubers, degrading their appearance and reducing their market value. To accurately grade scab-infected potato tubers, this study introduces "ScabyNet", an image processing approach combining color-morphology analysis with deep learning techniques. ScabyNet estimates tuber quality traits and accurately detects and quantifies CS severity levels from color images. It is presented as a standalone application with a graphical user interface comprising two main modules. One module identifies and separates tubers on images and estimates quality-related morphological features. In addition, it enables the extraction of tubers as standard tiles for the deep-learning module. The deep-learning module detects and quantifies the scab infection into five severity classes related to the relative infected area. The analysis was performed on a dataset of 7154 images of individual tiles collected from field and glasshouse experiments. Combining the two modules yields essential parameters for quality and disease inspection. The first module simplifies imaging by replacing the region proposal step of instance segmentation networks. Furthermore, the approach is an operational tool for an affordable phenotyping system that selects scab-resistant genotypes while maintaining their market standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Leiva
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.
| | - Florent Abdelghafour
- INRAE, Institut Agro, ITAP, University of Montpellier, 34196, Montpellier, France
| | - Muath Alsheikh
- Graminor Breeding Ltd., Hommelstadveien 60, 2322, Ridabu, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Plant Sciences, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Nina E Nagy
- Department of Fungal Plant Pathology in Forestry, Agriculture, and Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Høgskoleveien 8, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Jahn Davik
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Høgskoleveien 8, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
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Maciag T, Krzyzanowska DM, Rabalski L, Jafra S, Czajkowski R. Complete Genome Sequences of Five Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains Comprising Synthetic Bacterial Consortium "The Great Five" with Antagonistic Activity Against Plant-Pathogenic Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2022; 35:711-714. [PMID: 35613336 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0020-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Maciag
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Antoniego Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota M Krzyzanowska
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Antoniego Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Rabalski
- Laboratory of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Antoniego Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Antoniego Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert Czajkowski
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Antoniego Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
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3
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Wang J, Han W, Pirhonen M, Pan Y, Zhang D, Zhao D, Li Q, Cheng J, Yang Z, Zhu J. High-Quality Complete Genome Resource of Pectobacterium parvum Isolate FN20211 Causing Aerial Stem Rot of Potato. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2022; 35:488-491. [PMID: 35491949 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0009-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wanxin Han
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Minna Pirhonen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yang Pan
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qian Li
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Jianing Cheng
- Hebei Agricultural University, Agricultural Business Training and Entrepreneurship Center, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Jiehua Zhu
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding 071001, China
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Loc M, Miloševic D, Ignjatov M, Ivanović Ž, Budakov D, Grahovac J, Vlajkov V, Pajčin I, Grahovac M. First Report of Pectobacterium punjabense Causing Potato Soft Rot and Blackleg in Serbia. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1513. [PMID: 34645311 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1199-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Loc
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - D Miloševic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Laboratory for Seed Testing, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - M Ignjatov
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Laboratory for Seed Testing, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ž Ivanović
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Department of Plant Disease, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Budakov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - J Grahovac
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - V Vlajkov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - I Pajčin
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - M Grahovac
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Ma X, Brazil J, Rivedal H, Perry KL, Frost K, Swingle B. First Report of Pectobacterium versatile Causing Potato Soft Rot in Oregon and Washington. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1292. [PMID: 34645306 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-21-1635-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ma
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jessie Brazil
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology & Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston, OR 97838
| | - Hannah Rivedal
- Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, OR 97330
| | - Keith L Perry
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ken Frost
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology & Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston, OR 97838
| | - Bryan Swingle
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Zhang S, Wu Z, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhao S, Li H, Zhao J. Nitrate and nitrite pathways and dynamic changes in bacterial communities during beet sugar processing. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:147-155. [PMID: 34057213 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial community successions were surveyed during the processing stages of sugar production using high-throughput sequencing methods. Furthermore, the correlation between bacterial community and nitrate/nitrite content in beet sugar processing were investigated. RESULTS In an analysis of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene, 254 122 effective sequences were obtained from samples, which included sugar beet, cossettes, diffusion juice, second-phase diffusion juice, light juice and thick juice. The results showed that dominant genera included Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Leuconostoc and Burkholderia. Moreover, significant changes in bacterial communities were observed in samples. Regarding the relevant nitrogen metabolic potential, this study revealed communities with the ability for nitrate and nitrite metabolism. Furthermore, a shaking experiment involving diffusion juice and second-phase diffusion juice was performed, and results showed that the nitrate level declined 73% and 98% in 36 h, respectively. These results suggested that the bacterial communities contribute to nitrate and nitrite transformation. CONCLUSION This study illustrated that the bacterial communities and their specific effects on the formation of nitrate and nitrite during beet sugar processing. The results presented the basic concept involving the nitrate- and nitrite-forming pathways directly related to the mechanism of bacterial community growth. This study could facilitate an understanding of the correlation between nitrite content and microorganisms to guide beet sugar manufacturers regarding the control of nitrite and nitrate content. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Sicong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Shuna Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Zhao
- COFCO Sugar Co. Ltd, Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Sugar Crops and Tomato, Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC, Changji, China
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Padilla-Gálvez N, Luengo-Uribe P, Mancilla S, Maurin A, Torres C, Ruiz P, France A, Acuña I, Urrutia H. Antagonistic activity of endophytic actinobacteria from native potatoes (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum L.) against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Pectobacterium atrosepticum. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:335. [PMID: 34876006 PMCID: PMC8650274 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The native potatoes (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum L.) grown in Chile (Chiloé) represent a new, unexplored source of endophytes to find potential biological control agents for the prevention of bacterial diseases, like blackleg and soft rot, in potato crops. RESULT The objective of this study was the selection of endophytic actinobacteria from native potatoes for antagonistic activity against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Pectobacterium atrosepticum, and their potential to suppress tissue maceration symptoms in potato tubers. This potential was determined through the quorum quenching activity using a Chromobacterium violaceaum ATCC 12472 Wild type (WT) bioassay and its colonization behavior of the potato plant root system (S. tuberosum) by means of the Double labeling of oligonucleotide probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (DOPE-FISH) targeting technique. The results showed that although Streptomyces sp. TP199 and Streptomyces sp. A2R31 were able to inhibit the growth of the pathogens, only the Streptomyces sp. TP199 isolate inhibited Pectobacterium sp. growth and diminished tissue maceration in tubers (p ≤ 0.05). Streptomyces sp. TP199 had metal-dependent acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) quorum quenching activity in vitro and was able to colonize the root endosphere 10 days after inoculation. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that native potatoes from southern Chile possess endophyte actinobacteria that are potential agents for the disease management of soft rot and blackleg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Padilla-Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Biopelículas y Microbiología Ambiental, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box: 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paola Luengo-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biopelículas y Microbiología Ambiental, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box: 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sandra Mancilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue. Ruta 5 Norte Km 8-, Osorno, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - Amandine Maurin
- Laboratorio de Biopelículas y Microbiología Ambiental, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box: 160 C, Concepción, Chile
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudia Torres
- Laboratorio de Biopelículas y Microbiología Ambiental, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box: 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biopelículas y Microbiología Ambiental, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box: 160 C, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Autopista Concepción Talcahuano # 7100, 4300866, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Andrés France
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Región de Ñuble, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ivette Acuña
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue. Ruta 5 Norte Km 8-, Osorno, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - Homero Urrutia
- Laboratorio de Biopelículas y Microbiología Ambiental, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box: 160 C, Concepción, Chile.
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Wang B, Tan F, Yu F, Li H, Zhang M. Efficient biorefinery of whole cassava for citrate production using Aspergillus niger mutated by atmospheric and room temperature plasma and enhanced co-saccharification strategy. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4613-4620. [PMID: 33474750 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-grain crop cassava has attracted intense attention in the biorefinery process. However, efficient biorefinery of whole cassava is faced with some challenges due to the existence of strain inhibition and refractory cellulose during the citrate production process. RESULTS Here, a novel breeding method - atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) - was applied for strain improvement of citrate-producing strain Aspergillus niger from whole cassava. The citrate yield of the mutant obtained using ARTP mutagenesis increased by 36.5% in comparison with the original strain. Moreover, citric acid fermentation was further improved on the basis of an enhanced co-saccharification strategy by supplementing glucoamylase and cellulase. The fermentation efficiency increased by 35.8% with a 17.0 g L-1 reduction in residual sugar on a pilot scale. CONCLUSIONS All these results confirmed that a combination of the novel breeding method and enhanced co-saccharification strategy could be used to efficiently refine whole cassava. The results also provide inspiration for the production of value-added products and waste disposal in agro-based industries. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center in Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fengling Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center in Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College, Weihai, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Microbial Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center in Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
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Beaudoin N, Isayenka I, Ducharme A, Massie S, Gagnon A, Hogue R, Beaulieu C, Michaud D. Habituation to thaxtomin A increases resistance to common scab in 'Russet Burbank' potato. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253414. [PMID: 34133457 PMCID: PMC8208575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Common scab is a potato disease characterized by the formation of scab-like lesions on the surface of potato tubers. The actinobacterium Streptomyces scabiei is the main causal agent of common scab. During infection, this bacterium synthesizes the phytotoxin thaxtomin A which is essential for the production of disease symptoms. While thaxtomin A can activate an atypical programmed cell death in plant cell suspensions, it is possible to gradually habituate plant cells to thaxtomin A to provide resistance to lethal phytotoxin concentrations. Potato 'Russet Burbank' calli were habituated to thaxtomin A to regenerate the somaclone RB9 that produced tubers more resistant to common scab than those obtained from the original cultivar. Compared to the Russet Burbank cultivar, somaclone RB9 generated up to 22% more marketable tubers with an infected tuber area below the 5% threshold. Enhanced resistance was maintained over at least two years of cultivation in the field. However, average size of tubers was significantly reduced in somaclone RB9 compared to the parent cultivar. Small RB9 tubers had a thicker phellem than Russet Burbank tubers, which may contribute to improving resistance to common scab. These results show that thaxtomin A-habituation in potato is efficient to produce somaclones with increased and durable resistance to common scab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Beaudoin
- Département de biologie, Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Iauhenia Isayenka
- Département de biologie, Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Ducharme
- Département de biologie, Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Richard Hogue
- Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement inc. (IRDA), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Carole Beaulieu
- Département de biologie, Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Michaud
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Ho LH, Lee YI, Hsieh SY, Lin IS, Wu YC, Ko HY, Klemens PA, Neuhaus HE, Chen YM, Huang TP, Yeh CH, Guo WJ. GeSUT4 mediates sucrose import at the symbiotic interface for carbon allocation of heterotrophic Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae). Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:20-33. [PMID: 32583877 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata, a fully mycoheterotrophic orchid without photosynthetic ability, only grows symbiotically with the fungus Armillaria. The mechanism of carbon distribution in this mycoheterotrophy is unknown. We detected high sucrose concentrations in all stages of Gastrodia tubers, suggesting sucrose may be the major sugar transported between fungus and orchid. Thick symplasm-isolated wall interfaces in colonized and adjacent large cells implied involvement of sucrose importers. Two sucrose transporter (SUT)-like genes, GeSUT4 and GeSUT3, were identified that were highly expressed in young Armillaria-colonized tubers. Yeast complementation and isotope tracer experiments confirmed that GeSUT4 functioned as a high-affinity sucrose-specific proton-dependent importer. Plasma-membrane/tonoplast localization of GeSUT4-GFP fusions and high RNA expression of GeSUT4 in symbiotic and large cells indicated that GeSUT4 likely functions in active sucrose transport for intercellular allocation and intracellular homeostasis. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing GeSUT4 had larger leaves but were sensitive to excess sucrose and roots were colonized with fewer mutualistic Bacillus, supporting the role of GeSUT4 in regulating sugar allocation. This is not only the first documented carbon import system in a mycoheterotrophic interaction but also highlights the evolutionary importance of sucrose transporters for regulation of carbon flow in all types of plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-I Lee
- Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Shiuan Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yun-Chien Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Han-Yu Ko
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Patrick A Klemens
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Yi-Min Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Pi Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hsin Yeh
- Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Woei-Jiun Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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11
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Joshi JR, Yao L, Charkowski AO, Heuberger AL. Metabolites from Wild Potato Inhibit Virulence Factors of the Soft Rot and Blackleg Pathogen Pectobacterium brasiliense. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2021; 34:100-109. [PMID: 32960719 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-20-0224-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the primary vegetable crop consumed worldwide and is largely affected by bacterial pathogens that can cause soft rot and blackleg disease. Recently, resistance to these diseases has been identified in the wild potato S. chacoense, and the mechanism of resistance is unknown. Here, it was hypothesized that S. chacoense stems or tubers have unique chemistry that confers resistance to the pathogen Pectobacterium brasiliense through bactericidal, bacteriostatic, or antivirulence activity. Stem and tuber metabolite extracts were collected from S. chacoense and tested for effects on Pectobacterium bacterial multiplication rates, and activity and expression of known exoenzymes and virulence genes using S. tuberosum extracts as a comparative control. Comparatively, the S. chacoense extracts did not affect bacterial multiplication rate; however, they did reduce pectinase, cellulase, and protease activities. The chemical extracts were profiled using a bioassay-guided fractionation, and a nontargeted metabolomics comparison of S. chacoense and S. tuberosum stems and tubers was performed. The data showed that selected alkaloids, phenolic amines, phenols, amines, and peptides are integrative chemical sources of resistance against the bacteria.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janak R Joshi
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
| | - Linxing Yao
- Analytical Resources Core-Bioanalysis and Omics Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
| | - Amy O Charkowski
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
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Weisberg AJ, Kramer CG, Kotha RR, Luthria DL, Chang JH, Clarke CR. A Novel Species-Level Group of Streptomyces Exhibits Variation in Phytopathogenicity Despite Conservation of Virulence Loci. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2021; 34:39-48. [PMID: 33030393 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-20-0164-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The genus Streptomyces includes several phytopathogenic species that cause common scab, a devastating disease of tuber and root crops, in particular potato. The diversity of species that cause common scab is unknown. Likewise, the genomic context necessary for bacteria to incite common scab symptom development is not fully characterized. Here, we phenotyped and sequenced the genomes of five strains from a poorly studied Streptomyces lineage. These strains form a new species-level group. When genome sequences within just these five strains are compared, there are no polymorphisms of loci implicated in virulence. Each genome contains the pathogenicity island that encodes for the production of thaxtomin A, a phytotoxin necessary for common scab. Yet, not all sequenced strains produced thaxtomin A. Strains varied from nonpathogenic to highly virulent on two hosts. Unexpectedly, one strain that produced thaxtomin A and was pathogenic on radish was not aggressively pathogenic on potato. Therefore, while thaxtomin A biosynthetic genes and production of thaxtomin A are necessary, they are not sufficient for causing common scab of potato. Additionally, results show that even within a species-level group of Streptomyces strains, there can be aggressively pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains despite conservation of virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Weisberg
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, OR 97331, U.S.A
| | - Charles G Kramer
- Genetic Improvement for Fruits and Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Raghavendhar R Kotha
- Food Composition and Methods Development Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Devanand L Luthria
- Food Composition and Methods Development Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Jeff H Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, OR 97331, U.S.A
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, OR 97331, U.S.A
| | - Christopher R Clarke
- Genetic Improvement for Fruits and Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Zang P, Xu Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals underlying immune response mechanism of fungal (Penicillium oxalicum) disease in Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow (Orchidaceae). BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:445. [PMID: 32993485 PMCID: PMC7525978 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow is a medicinal plant. G. elata f. glauca is unavoidably infected by pathogens in their growth process. In previous work, we have successfully isolated and identified Penicillium oxalicum from fungal diseased tubers of G. elata f. glauca. As a widespread epidemic, this fungal disease seriously affected the yield and quality of G. elata f. glauca. We speculate that the healthy G. elata F. glauca might carry resistance genes, which can resist against fungal disease. In this study, healthy and fungal diseased mature tubers of G. elata f. glauca from Changbai Mountain area were used as experimental materials to help us find potential resistance genes against the fungal disease. RESULTS A total of 7540 differentially expressed Unigenes (DEGs) were identified (FDR < 0.01, log2FC > 2). The current study screened 10 potential resistance genes. They were attached to transcription factors (TFs) in plant hormone signal transduction pathway and plant pathogen interaction pathway, including WRKY22, GH3, TIFY/JAZ, ERF1, WRKY33, TGA. In addition, four of these genes were closely related to jasmonic acid signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The immune response mechanism of fungal disease in G. elata f. glauca is a complex biological process, involving plant hormones such as ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and disease-resistant transcription factors such as WRKY, TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yugang Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Pu Zang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yue Xu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
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14
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Sampietro DA, Bertini Sampietro MS, Vattuone MA. Efficacy of Argentinean propolis extracts on control of potato soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:4575-4582. [PMID: 32424855 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erwinia carotovora subsp. cause the potato soft rot, which is a major disease in agriculture. Antibacterial agents currently applied on potato soft rot often offer a restricted control and have several disadvantages. Propolis has shown a wide range of antimicrobial activity, although its effect has not been investigated on E. carotovora subsp. In this work, we tested extracts from propolis samples of Northwest Argentina against E. carotovora subsp. RESULTS Ethanolic propolis extracts (EPEs) from samples of Santiago del Estero province, particularly from sample 4 (EPE4), showed the highest antibacterial activity, which was associated with the highest content of flavonoids. 2',4'-Dihydroxychalcone, 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone, galangin, and pinocembrin were identified as antibacterial constituents of EPE4. 2',4'-Dihydroxychalcone showed an antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC = 0.3-1.2 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) mL-1 ; minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC = 0.6-4.8 μg GAE mL-1 ) lower than that of bacterimycin (MIC = 2.4-9.6 μg mL-1 ; MBC = 19.2-38.4 μg GAE mL-1 ) and streptocycline (MIC = 19.2-38.4 μg mL-1 ; MBC = 38.4-76.8 μg mL-1 ). Preventive assays on unwounded and wounded potatoes showed that their immersion in EPE4 containing 87.5 μg GAE mL-1 or streptocycline containing 40 μg mL-1 was equally effective in controlling potato soft rot, reducing the disease incidence by 64.6-67.0% (unwounded tubers) and 88.0-86.0% (wounded tubers) and the disease severity by 49.8-49.8% (unwounded tubers) and 54.5-68.5% (wounded tubers). CONCLUSIONS Flavonoid-rich propolis extracts from Northwest Argentina efficiently reduced in vivo the incidence and severity of potato soft rot caused by E. carotovora subsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alejandro Sampietro
- Laboratorio de Biología de Agentes Bioactivos y Fitopatógenos (LABIFITO), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Maria Sofia Bertini Sampietro
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto "Miguel Lillo", Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marta Amelia Vattuone
- Laboratorio de Biología de Agentes Bioactivos y Fitopatógenos (LABIFITO), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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15
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Elsherbiny EA, Amin BH, Aleem B, Kingsley KL, Bennett JW. Trichoderma Volatile Organic Compounds as a Biofumigation Tool against Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans in Postharvest Potato Tubers. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:8163-8171. [PMID: 32790355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We tested the ability of 14 strains of Trichoderma to emit volatile compounds that decreased or stopped the growth of Phytophthora infestans. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from Trichoderma strains designated T41 and T45 inhibited the mycelial growth of P. infestans grown on a laboratory medium by 80 and 81.4%, respectively, and on potato tubers by 93.1 and 94.1%, respectively. Using the DNA sequence analysis of the translation elongation factor region, both Trichoderma strains were identified as Trichoderma atroviride. VOCs emitted by the strains were analyzed, and 39 compounds were identified. The most abundant compounds were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 6-pentyl-2-pyrone, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and acetoin. Electron microscopy of the hyphae treated with T. atroviride VOCs revealed serious morphological and ultrastructural damages, including cell deformation, collapse, and degradation of cytoplasmic organelles. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the ability of Trichoderma VOCs to suppress the growth of the late blight potato pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsherbiny A Elsherbiny
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Basma H Amin
- Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Bushra Aleem
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kathryn L Kingsley
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Joan W Bennett
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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Carstens AB, Djurhuus AM, Kot W, Hansen LH. A novel six-phage cocktail reduces Pectobacterium atrosepticum soft rot infection in potato tubers under simulated storage conditions. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5490331. [PMID: 31095303 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectobacterium atrosepticum is a species of plant pathogenic bacteria responsible for significant losses in potato production worldwide. Pectobacterium atrosepticum can cause blackleg disease on potato stems as well as the tuber disease termed potato soft rot. Methods for the effective control of these diseases are limited and are primarily based on good agricultural practices. Bacteriophages, viruses of bacteria, could be used as an alternative, environmentally friendly, control measure. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of 29 phages virulent to P. atrosepticum. The phages belong to 12 different species based on a 95% sequence identity cut-off. Furthermore, based on sequence diversity and propagation results, we selected six of these phages to form a phage cocktail. The phages in the cocktail was tested on a number of P. atrosepticum strains in order to determine their host range. The phages was found to lyse 93% of the tested strains. The cocktail was subsequently tested for its effectiveness in combatting potato soft rot under simulated storage conditions. Use of the phage cocktail reduced both disease incidence and disease severity by 61% and 64%, respectively, strongly indicating that phage biocontrol has the potential to reduce the economic impact of soft rot in potato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Byth Carstens
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, DK 4000, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK 1871, Denmark
| | - Amaru Miranda Djurhuus
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, DK 4000, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK 1871, Denmark
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, DK 4000, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK 1871, Denmark
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, DK 4000, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK 1871, Denmark
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Díaz AB, González C, Marzo C, Caro I, Blandino A. Feasibility of exhausted sugar beet pulp as raw material for lactic acid production. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:3036-3045. [PMID: 32057099 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhausted sugar beet pulp pellets (ESBPP), a sugar industry by-product generated after sugar extraction in the sugar production process, have been used as a raw material for lactic acid (LA) production via hydrolysis and fermentation by Lactobacillus casei. To design a more cost-effective process, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of ESBPP is proposed in the present study. The effects of pH control, nutrient supplementation and solid addition in fed-batch SSF on lactic acid production were investigated. RESULTS The highest LA concentration (26.88 g L-1 ) was reached in fed-batch SSF at a solid/liquid loading of 0.2 g mL-1 , with pH control (by adding 30 g L-1 CaCO3 to the medium) and nutrient supplementation (by adding 20 mL of MRS medium per 100 mL of buffer). Under these conditions, a maximum productivity of 0.63 g L-1 h-1 was achieved, which is 2.7 times higher than that attained in the control experiment (SSF inoculated at time 0 h). However, a slightly lower LA yield was obtained, revealing the need of an increasing dose of enzymes at high solid loading SSF. CONCLUSION An efficient fed-batch SSF strategy with pH control and MRS supplementation is described in the present study, attaining higher LA productivity compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation and SSF. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Díaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Claudia González
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Marzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Caro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Ana Blandino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
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18
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Hua D, Duan J, Ma M, Li Z, Li H. Reactive oxygen species induce cyanide-resistant respiration in potato infected by Erwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovora. J Plant Physiol 2020; 246-247:153132. [PMID: 32062292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that pathogenic bacteria infections induce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. Cyanide-resistant respiration, an energy-dissipating pathway in plants, has also been induced by a pathogenic bacteria infection. However, it is unknown whether the induction of cyanide-resistant respiration under the pathogenic bacteria infection was caused by ROS. In this study, two pathogenic Erwinia strains were used to infect potato tuber, and membrane lipid peroxidation levels and the cyanide-resistant respiration capacity were determined. In addition, StAOX expression and regulation by ROS in potato tuber were analyzed. Moreover, the role of the Ca2+ pathway in regulating cyanide-resistant respiration was determined. The results showed that ROS induced cyanide-resistant respiration in potato tuber infected by Erwinia. Cyanide-resistant respiration inhibited the production of H2O2. Intracellular Ca2+ regulated the expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase (StCDPK1, StCDPK4, and StCDPK5) in potato, which indirectly controlled intracellular ROS levels. These results indicate that Ca2+ metabolism is involved in ROS-induced cyanide-resistant respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hua
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jiangong Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Minzhi Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhongping Li
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Lanzhou Petroleum Resources Research Center, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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19
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Li Y, Guo Q, He F, Li Y, Xue Q, Lai H. Biocontrol of Root Diseases and Growth Promotion of the Tuberous Plant Aconitum carmichaelii Induced by Actinomycetes Are Related to Shifts in the Rhizosphere Microbiota. Microb Ecol 2020; 79:134-147. [PMID: 31165188 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil Actinomycetes have been used as biocontrol agents against soil-borne plant diseases, yet little is known about their effects on the structure of the rhizosphere microbiota and the long-term effects on crop yield and disease intensity after the application of Actinomycetes is stopped. Here, we conducted 3-year plot experiments to investigate the roles of two Actinomycetes strains (Streptomyces pactum Act12 and Streptomyces rochei D74) in the biocontrol of soil-borne root diseases and growth promotion of monkhood (Aconitum carmichaelii). We also examined their long-term effects after soil application of a mixed Actinomycetes preparation (spore powder) was completed. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze shifts in the rhizosphere microbiota. The antifungal activity and root colonization ability of the two Actinomycetes were also tested. Disease severity of southern blight and root rot decreased following application of the Actinomycetes preparation, whereas biomass yield of tubers increased compared with the control group. Significant effects of disease control and plant growth promotion were also observed after application was stopped. The Actinomycetes preparation induced marked increases in the abundance of beneficial microbes and decreases in the abundance of harmful microbes in rhizosphere soil. Adding cell-free culture filtrates of both strains Act12 and D74 inhibited the growth of fungal pathogens capable of causing southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) and root rot (Fusarium oxysporum) in A. carmichaelii. A GFP-labeled strain was used to show that D74 can colonize roots of A. carmichaelii. In conclusion, a preparation of two Actinomycetes plays a role in the biocontrol of root diseases and growth promotion of A. carmichaelii by inhibiting pathogen growth and shaping the rhizosphere microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Fei He
- School of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, Ankang University, Ankang, 725000, China
| | - Yunzhou Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Quanhong Xue
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Hangxian Lai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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20
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Clarke CR, Kramer CG, Kotha RR, Wanner LA, Luthria DL, Kramer M. Cultivar Resistance to Common Scab Disease of Potato Is Dependent on the Pathogen Species. Phytopathology 2019; 109:1544-1554. [PMID: 31066348 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-18-0368-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Common scab of potato is a superficial tuber disease caused by Streptomyces species that produce the phytotoxin thaxtomin. Because common scab development is highly dependent on the effects of this single toxin, the current operating paradigm in common scab pathology is that a potato cultivar resistant to one strain of the common scab pathogen is resistant to all strains. However, cultivar resistance to common scab disease identified in one breeding program is often not durable when tested in other potato breeding programs across the United States. We infected 55 potato cultivar populations with three distinct species of the common scab pathogen and identified cultivars that were resistant or susceptible to all three species and cultivars that had widely varying resistance dependent on the pathogen species. Overall lower virulence was associated with the strain that produces the least thaxtomin. This result showcases several cultivars of potato that are expected to be resistant to the majority of common scab populations but also highlights that many potato cultivars are resistant to only specific species of the pathogen. These results demonstrate that extension specialists and growers must consider their local population of the common scab pathogen when selecting which cultivars to plant for common scab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Clarke
- Genetic Improvement for Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Charles G Kramer
- Genetic Improvement for Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Raghavendhar R Kotha
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Leslie A Wanner
- Genetic Improvement for Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Devanand L Luthria
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Matthew Kramer
- Statistics Group, Northeast Area, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
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21
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Chane A, Barbey C, Robert M, Merieau A, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, Beury-Cirou A, Feuilloley M, Pátek M, Gobert V, Latour X. Biocontrol of Soft Rot: Confocal Microscopy Highlights Virulent Pectobacterial Communication and Its Jamming by Rhodococcal Quorum-Quenching. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2019; 32:802-812. [PMID: 30645157 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-18-0314-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Confocal laser-scanning microscopy was chosen to observe the colonization and damage caused by the soft rot Pectobacterium atrosepticum and the protection mediated by the biocontrol agent Rhodococcus erythropolis. We developed dual-color reporter strains suited for monitoring quorum-sensing and quorum-quenching activities leading to maceration or biocontrol, respectively. A constitutively expressed cyan or red fluorescent protein served as a cell tag for plant colonization, while an inducible expression reporter system based on the green fluorescent protein gene enabled the simultaneous recording of signaling molecule production, detection, or degradation. The dual-colored pathogen and biocontrol strains were used to coinoculate potato tubers. At cellular quorum, images revealed a strong pectobacterial quorum-sensing activity, especially at the plant cell walls, as well as a concomitant rhodococcal quorum-quenching response, at both the single-cell and microcolony levels. The generated biosensors appear to be promising and complementary tools useful for molecular and cellular studies of bacterial communication and interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chane
- 1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312)-Normandie Université-LMSM, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France and Structure Fédérative de Recherche Normandie Végétale 4277
| | - Corinne Barbey
- 1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312)-Normandie Université-LMSM, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France and Structure Fédérative de Recherche Normandie Végétale 4277
- 2 Seeds Innovation Protection Research and Environment, Route de la petite chaussée, 76110 Bretteville du Grand-Caux and Rue des Champs Potez, 62217 Achicourt, France
| | - Magalie Robert
- 1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312)-Normandie Université-LMSM, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France and Structure Fédérative de Recherche Normandie Végétale 4277
| | - Annabelle Merieau
- 1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312)-Normandie Université-LMSM, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France and Structure Fédérative de Recherche Normandie Végétale 4277
| | - Yoan Konto-Ghiorghi
- 1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312)-Normandie Université-LMSM, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France and Structure Fédérative de Recherche Normandie Végétale 4277
| | - Amélie Beury-Cirou
- 2 Seeds Innovation Protection Research and Environment, Route de la petite chaussée, 76110 Bretteville du Grand-Caux and Rue des Champs Potez, 62217 Achicourt, France
- 3 French Federation of seed potato growers (FN3PT/RD3PT), 43-45 rue de Naples, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Marc Feuilloley
- 1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312)-Normandie Université-LMSM, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France and Structure Fédérative de Recherche Normandie Végétale 4277
| | - Miroslav Pátek
- 4 Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i. Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Virginie Gobert
- 2 Seeds Innovation Protection Research and Environment, Route de la petite chaussée, 76110 Bretteville du Grand-Caux and Rue des Champs Potez, 62217 Achicourt, France
- 3 French Federation of seed potato growers (FN3PT/RD3PT), 43-45 rue de Naples, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Latour
- 1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312)-Normandie Université-LMSM, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France and Structure Fédérative de Recherche Normandie Végétale 4277
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Krzyzanowska DM, Maciag T, Siwinska J, Krychowiak M, Jafra S, Czajkowski R. Compatible Mixture of Bacterial Antagonists Developed to Protect Potato Tubers from Soft Rot Caused by Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp. Plant Dis 2019; 103:1374-1382. [PMID: 30908126 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-18-1866-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Possibilities to protect potato tubers from rotting caused by Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) under disease favoring conditions were investigated using compatible mixtures of bacterial antagonists and tested with a newly developed stepwise efficacy-based screening protocol. Twenty-two bacterial antagonists were evaluated against a combination of five Pectobacterium and Dickeya strains representing species and subspecies most often associated with potato soft rot in Europe. To enable potential synergistic activity, the antagonists were initially tested against the combination of pathogens in 15 random mixtures containing up to 5 antagonists each. Three mixtures (M2, M4, and M14) out of 15 tested reduced tuber tissue maceration due to soft rot. The individual antagonists derived from M2, M4, and M14 mixtures were tested on potato slices and whole tuber injection assays. These five strains (S. plymuthica strain A294, E. amnigenus strain A167, R. aquatilis strain H145, S. rubidaea strain H440, and S. rubidaea strain H469) were combined to develop a tailored biological control mixture against potato soft rot. The new mixture, designated the Great Five (GF), was tested on seed potato tubers vacuum infiltrated with antagonists and subsequently with the combination of five SRP pathogens. In these experiments, the GF mixture provided stable protection of inoculated potato tubers, reducing soft rot by 46% (P = 0.0016) under high disease pressure conditions. The A294, A167, H145, H440, and H469 antagonists were characterized for features important for viable commercial applications including growth at different temperatures, resistance to antibiotics, and potential toxicity toward Caenorhabditis elegans. The implications for control of soft rot caused by SRP with the use of the GF mixture of antagonists are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota M Krzyzanowska
- 1 Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Maciag
- 1 Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Siwinska
- 2 Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; and
| | - Marta Krychowiak
- 3 Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- 1 Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert Czajkowski
- 3 Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Muturi P, Yu J, Maina AN, Kariuki S, Mwaura FB, Wei H. Bacteriophages Isolated in China for the Control of Pectobacterium carotovorum Causing Potato Soft Rot in Kenya. Virol Sin 2019; 34:287-294. [PMID: 30868359 PMCID: PMC6599505 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft rot is an economically significant disease in potato and one of the major threats to sustainable potato production. This study aimed at isolating lytic bacteriophages and evaluating methods for and the efficacy of applying phages to control potato soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum. Eleven bacteriophages isolated from soil and water samples collected in Wuhan, China, were used to infect P. carotovorum host strains isolated from potato tubers showing soft rot symptoms in Nakuru county, Kenya. The efficacy of the phages in controlling soft rot disease was evaluated by applying individual phage strains or a phage cocktail on potato slices and tubers at different time points before or after inoculation with a P. carotovorum strain. The phages could lyse 20 strains of P. carotovorum, but not Pseudomonas fluorescens control strains. Among the 11 phages, Pectobacterium phage Wc5r, interestingly showed cross-activity against Pectobacterium atrosepticum and two phage-resistant P. carotovorum strains. Potato slice assays showed that the phage concentration and timing of application are crucial factors for effective soft rot control. Phage cocktail applied at a concentration of 1 × 109 plaque-forming units per milliliter before or within an hour after bacterial inoculation on potato slices, resulted in ≥ 90% reduction of soft rot symptoms. This study provides a basis for the development and application of phages to reduce the impact of potato soft rot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Muturi
- Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Alice Nyambura Maina
- School of Biological and Life Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Samuel Kariuki
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, 00202, Kenya
| | - Francis B Mwaura
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Hongping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya.
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Dastmalchi K, Perez Rodriguez M, Lin J, Yoo B, Stark RE. Temporal resistance of potato tubers: Antibacterial assays and metabolite profiling of wound-healing tissue extracts from contrasting cultivars. Phytochemistry 2019; 159:75-89. [PMID: 30597374 PMCID: PMC6555484 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solanum tuberosum, commonly known as the potato, is a worldwide food staple. During harvest, storage, and distribution the crop is at risk of mechanical damage. Wounding of the tuber skin can also become a point of entry for bacterial and fungal pathogens, resulting in substantial agricultural losses. Building on the proposal that potato tubers produce metabolites to defend against microbial infection during early stages of wound healing before protective suberized periderm tissues have developed, we assessed extracts of wound tissues from four potato cultivars with differing skin morphologies (Norkotah Russet, Atlantic, Chipeta, and Yukon Gold). These assays were conducted at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 7 days post wounding against the plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora and a non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strain that served as a control. For each of the potato cultivars, only polar wound tissue extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity. The polar extracts from earlier wound-healing time points (days 0, 1 and 2) displayed notably higher antibacterial activity against both strains than the later wound-healing stages (days 3 and 7). These results support a burst of antibacterial activity at early time points. Parallel metabolite profiling of the extracts revealed differences in chemical composition at different wound-healing time points and allowed for identification of potential marker compounds according to healing stage for each of the cultivars. It was possible to monitor the transformations in the metabolite profiles that could account for the phenomenon of temporal resistance by looking at the relative quantities of various metabolite classes as a function of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Dastmalchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Mathiu Perez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Janni Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Barney Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ruth E Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Thomas C, Mabon R, Andrivon D, Val F. The Effectiveness of Induced Defense Responses in a Susceptible Potato Genotype Depends on the Growth Rate of Phytophthora infestans. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2019; 32:76-85. [PMID: 30048603 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-18-0064-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans causes the devastating potato late blight disease, which is widely controlled with fungicides. However, the debate about chemical control is fueling a promotion toward alternative methods. In this context, the enhancement of natural plant immunity could be a strategy for more sustainable protection. We previously demonstrated that a concentrated culture filtrate (CCF) of P. infestans primes defense reactions in potato. They are genotype-dependent and metabolites produced decrease pathogen growth in vitro but not in vivo on tubers. Induced potato defenses are assumed to affect P. infestans life history traits depending on strains. This assumption was studied in vivo through induced leaflets on a susceptible genotype inoculated with four P. infestans strains differing for lesion growth rate. This study combines both defenses mechanistic analysis and ecological observations. Defense-gene expressions were thus assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; pathogen development was simultaneously evaluated by measuring necrosis, quantifying mycelial DNA, and counting sporangia. The results showed that CCF pretreatment reduced the pathogenicity differences between slow- and fast-growing strains. Moreover, after elicitation, PR-1, PR-4, PAL, POX, and THT induction was strain-dependent. These results suggest that P. infestans could develop different strategies to overcome plant defenses and should be considered in biocontrol and epidemic management of late blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Thomas
- 1 INRA, UMR IGEPP 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France; and
| | - Romain Mabon
- 1 INRA, UMR IGEPP 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France; and
| | - Didier Andrivon
- 1 INRA, UMR IGEPP 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France; and
| | - Florence Val
- 2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR IGEPP 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, 65, rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Skelsey P, Humphris SN, Campbell EJ, Toth IK. Threat of establishment of non-indigenous potato blackleg and tuber soft rot pathogens in Great Britain under climate change. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205711. [PMID: 30312341 PMCID: PMC6185848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato blackleg and soft rot caused by Pectobacterium and Dickeya species are among the most significant bacterial diseases affecting potato production globally. In this study we estimate the impact of future temperatures on establishment of non-indigenous but confirmed Pectobacterium and Dickeya species in Great Britain (GB). The calculations are based on probabilistic climate change data and a model fitted to disease severity data from a controlled environment tuber assay with the dominant potato blackleg and soft rot-causing species in GB (P. atrosepticum), and three of the main causative agents in Europe (P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, P. parmentieri, Dickeya solani). Our aim was to investigate if the European strains could become stronger competitors in the GB potato ecosystem as the climate warms, on the basis of their aggressiveness in tubers at different temperatures. Principally, we found that the tissue macerating capacity of all four pathogens will increase in GB under all emissions scenarios. The predominant Pectobacterium and Dickeya species in Europe are able to cause disease in tubers under field conditions currently seen in GB but are not expected to become widely established in the future, at least on the basis of their aggressiveness in tubers relative to P. atrosepticum under GB conditions. Our key take-home messages are that the GB potato industry is well positioned to continue to thrive via current best management practices and continued reinforcement of existing legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Skelsey
- Information & Computational Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Sonia N. Humphris
- Cell & Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Campbell
- Cell & Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ian K. Toth
- Cell & Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Nahar K, Goyer C, Zebarth BJ, Burton DL, Whitney S. Pathogenic Streptomyces spp. Abundance Affected by Potato Cultivars. Phytopathology 2018; 108:1046-1055. [PMID: 29658842 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-18-0075-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Potato cultivars vary in their tolerance to common scab; however, how they affect common scab-causing Streptomyces spp. populations over time is poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of potato cultivar on pathogenic Streptomyces spp. abundance, measured using quantitative PCR, in three spatial locations in a common scab-infested field: (i) soil close to the plant (SCP); (ii) rhizosphere soil (RS); and (iii) geocaulosphere soil (GS). Two tolerant (Gold Rush, Hindenburg) and two susceptible cultivars (Green Mountain, Agria) were tested. The abundance of pathogenic Streptomyces spp. significantly increased in late August compared with other dates in RS of susceptible cultivars in both years. Abundance of pathogenic Streptomyces spp., when averaged over locations and time, was significantly greater in susceptible cultivars compared with tolerant cultivars in 2014. Principal coordinates analysis showed that SCP and RS soil properties (pH, organic carbon, and nitrogen concentrations) explained 68 and 76% of total variation in Streptomyces spp. abundance among cultivars in 2013, respectively, suggesting that cultivars influenced common scab pathogen growth conditions. The results suggested that the genetic background of potato cultivars influenced the abundance of pathogenic Streptomyces spp., with five to six times more abundant Streptomyces spp. in RS of susceptible cultivars compared with tolerant cultivars, which would result in substantially more inoculum left in the field after harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrun Nahar
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, Fredericton, NB, Canada; and fourth author: Department of Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Agricultural Campus, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Claudia Goyer
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, Fredericton, NB, Canada; and fourth author: Department of Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Agricultural Campus, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Bernie J Zebarth
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, Fredericton, NB, Canada; and fourth author: Department of Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Agricultural Campus, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - David L Burton
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, Fredericton, NB, Canada; and fourth author: Department of Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Agricultural Campus, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Sean Whitney
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, Fredericton, NB, Canada; and fourth author: Department of Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Agricultural Campus, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, Canada
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Abstract
Beginning in 2014, outbreaks of blackleg disease compromised potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in the northeastern United States. Disease severity was atypical for plantings with certified seed. During 2016, 43 samples with blackleg symptoms were analyzed, originating from more than 20 farms operating in New York State. A combination of techniques was employed to identify the blackleg pathogens: isolation in vitro, diagnostic PCR assays for Pectobacterium and Dickeya sp., pathogenicity assays, and DNA sequencing. Twenty-three bacterial isolates were obtained, the majority of which were designated D. dianthicola or P. parmentieri; two of the isolates were designated P. atrosepticum. All isolates were pathogenic in stem lesion and tuber soft rot assays and exhibited pectin degrading activity (pitting) in crystal violet pectate agar medium. Phylogenetic analyses of dnaX gene sequences placed all but one of the isolates into clades corresponding to D. dianthicola, P. parmentieri, or P. atrosepticum. One atypical isolate clustered with P. carotovorum subspecies. Data are consistent with the hypothesis that D. dianthicola from New York and the northeast are part of a single clade, and at least three different soft rot bacteria were associated with blackleg during 2016 in New York.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ma
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Allison Schloop
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Bryan Swingle
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853; and Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Keith L Perry
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Yang J, Cao J, Xu H, Hou Q, Yu Z, Zhang H, Sun Z. Bacterial diversity and community structure in Chongqing radish paocai brines revealed using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing technology. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:3234-3245. [PMID: 29417994 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chongqing radish paocai fermented with aged brine is considered to have the most intense flavor and authentic taste. Eight 'Yanzhi' (red, RRPB group) and 'Chunbulao' (white, WRPB) radish paocai brine samples were collected from Chongqing peasant households, and the diversity and community structures of bacteria present in these brines were determined using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing of their full-length 16S rRNA genes. RESULTS In total, 30 phyla, 218 genera, and 306 species were identified from the RRPB group, with 20 phyla, 261 genera, and 420 species present in the WRPB group. Obvious differences in bacterial profiles between the RRPB and WRPB groups were found, with the bacterial diversity of the WRPB group shown to be greater than that of the RRPB group. This study revealed several characteristics of the bacteria composition, including the predominance of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, the species diversity of genus Pseudomonas, and the presence of three opportunistic pathogenic species. CONCLUSION This study provides detailed information on the bacterial diversity and community structure of Chongqing radish paocai brine samples, and suggests it may be necessary to analyze paocai brine for potential sources of bacterial contamination and take appropriate measures to exclude any pathogenic species. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixia Yang
- Key laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jialu Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Key laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- Key laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Yu
- Key laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
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Rossmann S, Dees MW, Perminow J, Meadow R, Brurberg MB. Soft Rot Enterobacteriaceae Are Carried by a Large Range of Insect Species in Potato Fields. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00281-18. [PMID: 29625979 PMCID: PMC5981085 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00281-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic soft rot Enterobacteriaceae (SRE) belonging to the genera Pectobacterium and Dickeya cause diseases in potato and numerous other crops. Seed potatoes are the most important source of infection, but how pathogen-free tubers initially become infected remains an enigma. Since the 1920s, insects have been hypothesized to contribute to SRE transmission. To validate this hypothesis and to map the insect species potentially involved in SRE dispersal, we have analyzed the occurrence of SRE in insects recovered from potato fields over a period of 2 years. Twenty-eight yellow sticky traps were set up in 10 potato fields throughout Norway to attract and trap insects. Total DNA recovered from over 2,000 randomly chosen trapped insects was tested for SRE, using a specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) TaqMan assay, and insects that tested positive were identified by DNA barcoding. Although the occurrence of SRE-carrying insects varied, they were found in all the tested fields. While Delia species were dominant among the insects that carried the largest amount of SRE, more than 80 other SRE-carrying insect species were identified, and they had different levels of abundance. Additionally, the occurrence of SRE in three laboratory-reared insect species was analyzed, and this suggested that SRE are natural members of some insect microbiomes, with herbivorous Delia floralis carrying more SRE than the cabbage moth (Plutella xylostella) and carnivorous green lacewing larvae (Chrysoperla carnea). In summary, the high proportion, variety, and ubiquity of insects that carried SRE show the need to address this source of the pathogens to reduce the initial infection of seed material.IMPORTANCE Soft rot Enterobacteriaceae are among the most important pathogens of a wide range of vegetables and fruits. The bacteria cause severe rots in the field and in storage, leading to considerable harvest losses. In potato, efforts to understand how soft rot bacteria infect and spread between healthy plants have been made for over a century. Early on, fly larvae were implicated in the transmission of these bacteria. This work aimed at investigating the occurrence of soft rot bacteria in insects present in potato fields and at identifying the species of these insects to better understand the potential of this suspected source of transmission. In all tested potato fields, a large proportion of insects were found to carry soft rot bacteria. This suggests a need to give more weight to the role of insects in soft rot ecology and epidemiology to design more effective pest management strategies that integrate this factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Rossmann
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Merete Wiken Dees
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Juliana Perminow
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Richard Meadow
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - May Bente Brurberg
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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Potrykus M, Hugouvieux‐Cotte‐Pattat N, Lojkowska E. Interplay of classic Exp and specific Vfm quorum sensing systems on the phenotypic features of Dickeya solani strains exhibiting different virulence levels. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:1238-1251. [PMID: 28921772 PMCID: PMC6638156 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria from the genus Dickeya cause severe symptoms on numerous economically important plants. Dickeya solani is the Dickeya species most frequently found on infected potato plants in Europe. D. solani strains from different countries show high genetic homogeneity, but significant differences in their virulence level. Dickeya species possess two quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms: the Exp system based on classic N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signals and a specific system depending on the production and perception of a molecule of unknown structure, Virulence Factor Modulating (VFM). To study the interplay between these two QS systems, five D. solani strains exhibiting different virulence levels were selected. Mutants were constructed by inactivating genes coding for each QS system. Double mutants were obtained by simultaneous inactivation of genes coding for both QS systems. Most of the D. solani mutants showed an attenuation of chicory maceration and a decreased production of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) and motility, but to different degrees depending on the strain. The VFM-QS system seems to regulate virulence in both D. solani and Dickeya dadantii, but the AHL-QS system has greater effects in D. solani than in D. dadantii. The inactivation of both QS systems in D. solani did not reveal any additive effect on the tested features. The inactivation of vfm genes generally has a more dominant effect relative to that of exp genes. Thus, VFM- and AHL-QS systems do not work in synergy to modulate the production of diverse virulence factors and the ability to macerate plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Potrykus
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80–307GdanskPoland
| | - Nicole Hugouvieux‐Cotte‐Pattat
- UMR5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et PathogénieUniversité Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1F–69622 VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Ewa Lojkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80–307GdanskPoland
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32
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Shen Y, Sun H, Zeng H, Prinyawiwatukul W, Xu W, Xu Z. Increases in Phenolic, Fatty Acid, and Phytosterol Contents and Anticancer Activities of Sweet Potato after Fermentation by Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:2735-2741. [PMID: 29502404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic, fatty acid, and phytosterol contents in sweet potato (SP) fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus were evaluated and compared with those of raw and boiled SPs. The differences in the profiles and levels of phenolics between the raw and boiled SPs were not as significant as the differences between those and the fermented SP. The levels of caffeic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in fermented SP were more than 4 times higher than those in raw and boiled SPs. Two phenolics, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid, which were not detected in either raw or boiled SP, were found in fermented SP. The level of each fatty acid or phytosterol increased in fermented SP and decreased in boiled SP. Among the hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts obtained from raw and fermented SPs, the hydrophilic extract of fermented SP exhibited the highest capability of inhibiting cancer-cell PC-12 proliferation. However, each of the extracts had very low cytotoxicities to normal-monkey-kidney-cell growth. The results indicated that SP fermented by L. acidophilus significantly increased free antioxidant-rich phenolics and inhibited cancer-cell-proliferation activity without cytotoxicity to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Shen
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Life Resources of Shaanxi Province , Shaanxi University of Technology , Hanzhong 723001 , China
| | - Haiying Zeng
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Witoon Prinyawiwatukul
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Wenqing Xu
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
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Cheng CF, Pan TM. Monascus-fermented red mold dioscorea protects mice against alcohol-induced liver injury, whereas its metabolites ankaflavin and monascin regulate ethanol-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 expression in HepG2 cells. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:1889-1898. [PMID: 28902410 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic hepatitis is a necroinflammatory process that is associated with fibrosis and leads to cirrhosis in 40% of cases. The hepatoprotective effects of red mold dioscorea (RMD) from Monascus purpureus NTU 568 were evaluated in vivo using a mouse model of chronic alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). RESULTS ALD mice were orally administered vehicle (ALD group) or vehicle plus 307.5, 615.0 or 1537.5 mg kg-1 (1 ×, 2 × and 5 ×) RMD for 5 weeks. RMD lowered serum leptin, hepatic total cholesterol, free fatty acid and hepatic triglyceride levels and increased serum adiponectin, hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzyme levels. Furthermore, ankaflavin (AK) and monascin (MS), metabolites of RMD fermented with M. purpureus 568, induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression and the concomitant suppression of ethanol-induced elevation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 and TG in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate the hepatoprotective effect of Monascus-fermented RMD. Moreover, AK and MS were identified as the active constituents of RMD for the first time and were shown to protect against ethanol-induced liver damage. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fu Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rashed A, Olsen N, Wallis CM, Paetzold L, Woodell L, Rashidi M, Workneh F, Rush CM. Postharvest Development of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' in Late-Season Infected Potato Tubers under Commercial Storage Conditions. Plant Dis 2018; 102:561-568. [PMID: 30673495 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-17-0619-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zebra chip (ZC) disease of potato is associated with the putative pathogen 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum', which is transmitted by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Hem., Triozidae). The present study was initiated to investigate 'Ca. L. solanacearum' development during and following typical commercial storage practices. Using bacteriliferous psyllids, Russet Norkotah potato tubers were infested in field cages 14, 10, and 4 days before harvest. Changes in 'Ca. L. solanacearum' detection rate, 'Ca. L. solanacearum' titer, and concentrations of phenolic compounds were documented throughout storage. 'Ca. L. solanacearum' titer continued to increase during storage. Although significant increases in the frequency of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' detection were observed in all infestation treatments, the impact of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' infection on tuber quality remained comparatively low in plants infected 4 days before harvest, because the majority of the tubers remained asymptomatic. Minimizing storage and retail chain movement durations would help to limit 'Ca. L. solanacearum' impact on tuber quality in tubers infected 14 and 10 days before harvest. This study also demonstrated that 'Ca. L. solanacearum' can relocate from a newly infected leaf to a tuber in as little as 4 days. Psyllid management is recommended until at least 4 days before green harvest, when psyllid pressure is high in fields in which tubers are destined for commercial storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Rashed
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Center, Aberdeen 83210
| | - Nora Olsen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Kimberly R&E Center, Kimberly 83341
| | - Christopher M Wallis
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Li Paetzold
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo 79106
| | - Lynn Woodell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Kimberly R&E Center
| | - Mahnaz Rashidi
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Center
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Muzhinji N, Woodhall JW, Truter M, van der Waals JE. Relative Contribution of Seed Tuber- and Soilborne Inoculum to Potato Disease Development and Changes in the Population Genetic Structure of Rhizoctonia solani AG 3-PT under Field Conditions in South Africa. Plant Dis 2018; 102:60-66. [PMID: 30673447 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-17-0329-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the contribution of seed tuber- and soilborne inocula of Rhizoctonia solani AG 3-PT in causing potato disease epidemics is an important step in implementing effective management strategies for the pathogen. A 2-year study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of each source of inoculum using an integrative experimental approach combining field trials and molecular techniques. Two distinct sets of genetically marked isolates were used as seed tuberborne and soilborne inocula in a mark-release-recapture experiment. Disease assessments were done during tuber initiation and at tuber harvest. Both inoculum sources were found to be equally important in causing black scurf disease, whereas soilborne inocula appeared to be more important for root and stolon infection, and seedborne inocula contributed more to stem canker. However, seed tuber-transmitted genotypes accounted for 60% of the total recovered isolates when genotyped using three polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism markers. The changes in population structure of the experimental R. solani population over the course of the growing season and across two growing seasons were investigated using eight microsatellite markers. The populations at different sampling times were somewhat genetically differentiated, as indicated by Nei's gene diversity (0.24 to 0.27) and the fixation index (FST). The proportion of isolates with genotypes that differed from the inoculants ranged from 13 to 16% in 2013 and 2014, respectively, suggesting the possibility of emergence of new genotypes in the field. Because both soilborne and tuberborne inocula are critical, it is important to ensure the use of pathogen-free seed tubers to eliminate seed tuberborne inoculum and the introduction of new genotypes of R. solani for sustainable potato production in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Muzhinji
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; and Tobacco Research Board, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - James W Woodhall
- Parma Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, Parma 83660
| | - Mariette Truter
- Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Buddenhagen CE, Hernandez Nopsa JF, Andersen KF, Andrade-Piedra J, Forbes GA, Kromann P, Thomas-Sharma S, Useche P, Garrett KA. Epidemic Network Analysis for Mitigation of Invasive Pathogens in Seed Systems: Potato in Ecuador. Phytopathology 2017; 107:1209-1218. [PMID: 28742457 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-17-0108-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seed systems have an important role in the distribution of high-quality seed and improved varieties. The structure of seed networks also helps to determine the epidemiological risk for seedborne disease. We present a new approach for evaluating the epidemiological role of nodes in seed networks, and apply it to a regional potato farmer consortium (Consorcio de Productores de Papa [CONPAPA]) in Ecuador. We surveyed farmers to estimate the structure of networks of farmer seed tuber and ware potato transactions, and farmer information sources about pest and disease management. Then, we simulated pathogen spread through seed transaction networks to identify priority nodes for disease detection. The likelihood of pathogen establishment was weighted based on the quality or quantity of information sources about disease management. CONPAPA staff and facilities, a market, and certain farms are priorities for disease management interventions such as training, monitoring, and variety dissemination. Advice from agrochemical store staff was common but assessed as significantly less reliable. Farmer access to information (reported number and quality of sources) was similar for both genders. However, women had a smaller amount of the market share for seed tubers and ware potato. Understanding seed system networks provides input for scenario analyses to evaluate potential system improvements. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Buddenhagen
- First, second, third, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology Department, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; fourth and fifth authors: International Potato Center, Lima, Peru; sixth author: International Potato Center, Quito, Ecuador; seventh author: Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and eighth author: Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida
| | - J F Hernandez Nopsa
- First, second, third, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology Department, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; fourth and fifth authors: International Potato Center, Lima, Peru; sixth author: International Potato Center, Quito, Ecuador; seventh author: Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and eighth author: Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida
| | - K F Andersen
- First, second, third, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology Department, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; fourth and fifth authors: International Potato Center, Lima, Peru; sixth author: International Potato Center, Quito, Ecuador; seventh author: Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and eighth author: Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida
| | - J Andrade-Piedra
- First, second, third, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology Department, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; fourth and fifth authors: International Potato Center, Lima, Peru; sixth author: International Potato Center, Quito, Ecuador; seventh author: Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and eighth author: Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida
| | - G A Forbes
- First, second, third, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology Department, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; fourth and fifth authors: International Potato Center, Lima, Peru; sixth author: International Potato Center, Quito, Ecuador; seventh author: Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and eighth author: Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida
| | - P Kromann
- First, second, third, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology Department, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; fourth and fifth authors: International Potato Center, Lima, Peru; sixth author: International Potato Center, Quito, Ecuador; seventh author: Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and eighth author: Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida
| | - S Thomas-Sharma
- First, second, third, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology Department, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; fourth and fifth authors: International Potato Center, Lima, Peru; sixth author: International Potato Center, Quito, Ecuador; seventh author: Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and eighth author: Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida
| | - P Useche
- First, second, third, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology Department, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; fourth and fifth authors: International Potato Center, Lima, Peru; sixth author: International Potato Center, Quito, Ecuador; seventh author: Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and eighth author: Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida
| | - K A Garrett
- First, second, third, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology Department, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; fourth and fifth authors: International Potato Center, Lima, Peru; sixth author: International Potato Center, Quito, Ecuador; seventh author: Plant Pathology Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; and eighth author: Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida
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Czajkowski R, Smolarska A, Ozymko Z. The viability of lytic bacteriophage ΦD5 in potato-associated environments and its effect on Dickeya solani in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183200. [PMID: 28800363 PMCID: PMC5553641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickeya solani is one of the most important pectinolytic phytopathogens responsible for high losses in potato, especially in seed potato production in Europe. Lytic bacteriophages can affect the structure of the host population and may influence spread, survival and virulence of the pathogen and in consequence, infection of the plant. In this study, we aimed to acquire information on the viability of the broad host lytic bacteriophage ΦD5 on potato, as well as to apprehend the specific effect of this bacteriophage on its host D. solani type-strain in different settings, as a preliminary step to target co-adaptation of phages and host bacteria in plant environment. Viability of the ΦD5 phage in tuber extract, on tuber surface, in potting compost, in rainwater and on the leaf surface, as well as the effect of copper sulfate, were examined under laboratory conditions. Also, the interaction of ΦD5 with the target host D. solani in vitro and in compost-grown potato plants was evaluated. ΦD5 remained infectious in potato tuber extract and rain water for up to 72 h but was inactivated in solutions containing 50 mM of copper. The phage population was stable for up to 28 days on potato tuber surface and in potting compost. In both, tissue culture and compost-grown potato plants, ΦD5 reduced infection by D. solani by more than 50%. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Czajkowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Smolarska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zofia Ozymko
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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38
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Morrison CK, Arseneault T, Novinscak A, Filion M. Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Production by Pseudomonas fluorescens LBUM636 Alters Phytophthora infestans Growth and Late Blight Development. Phytopathology 2017; 107:273-279. [PMID: 27827009 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-16-0247-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans causes late blight of potato, one of the most devastating diseases affecting potato production. Alternative approaches for controlling late blight are being increasingly sought due to increasing environmental concerns over the use of chemical pesticides and the increasing resistance of P. infestans to fungicides. Our research group has isolated a new strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens (LBUM636) of biocontrol interest producing the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). Wild-type LBUM636 was shown to significantly inhibit the growth of Phytophthora infestans in in vitro confrontational assays whereas its isogenic mutant (phzC-; not producing PCA) only slightly altered the pathogen's growth. Wild-type LBUM636 but not the phzC- mutant also completely repressed disease symptom development on tubers. A pot experiment revealed that wild-type LBUM636 can significantly reduce P. infestans populations in the rhizosphere and in the roots of potato plants, as well as reduce in planta disease symptoms due to PCA production. The expression of eight common plant defense-related genes (ChtA, PR-1b, PR-2, PR-5, LOX, PIN2, PAL-2, and ERF3) was quantified in tubers, roots, and leaves by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and revealed that the biocontrol observed was not associated with the induction of a plant defense response by LBUM636. Instead, a direct interaction between P. infestans and LBUM636 is required and PCA production appears to be a key factor for LBUM636's biocontrol ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Morrison
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Ave., Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Tanya Arseneault
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Ave., Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Amy Novinscak
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Ave., Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Martin Filion
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Ave., Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9 Canada
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Abstract
Fungi can modify the pH in or around the infected site via alkalization or acidification, and pH monitoring may provide valuable information on host-fungus interactions. The objective of the present study was to examine the ability of two fungi, Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani, to modify the pH of potato tubers during artificial inoculation in situ. Both fungi cause blemishes on potato tubers, which downgrades tuber quality and yield. Direct visualization and estimation of pH changes near the inoculation area were achieved using pH indicators and image analysis. The results showed that the pH of the area infected by either fungus increased from potato native pH of approximately 6.0 to 7.4 to 8.0. By performing simple analysis of the images, it was also possible to derive the growth curve of each fungus and estimate the lag phase of the radial growth: 10 days for C. coccodes and 17 days H. solani. In addition, a distinctive halo (an edge area with increased pH) was observed only during the lag phase of H. solani infection. pH modulation is a major factor in pathogen-host interaction and the proposed method offers a simple and rapid way to monitor these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tardi-Ovadia
- First and second authors: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. Haifa 32000, Israel; and third author: Department of Plant Pathology & Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, M.P. Negev 85280, Israel
| | - R Linker
- First and second authors: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. Haifa 32000, Israel; and third author: Department of Plant Pathology & Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, M.P. Negev 85280, Israel
| | - L Tsror Lahkim
- First and second authors: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. Haifa 32000, Israel; and third author: Department of Plant Pathology & Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, M.P. Negev 85280, Israel
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Moleleki LN, Pretorius RG, Tanui CK, Mosina G, Theron J. A quorum sensing-defective mutant of Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. brasiliense 1692 is attenuated in virulence and unable to occlude xylem tissue of susceptible potato plant stems. Mol Plant Pathol 2017; 18:32-44. [PMID: 26788858 PMCID: PMC6638202 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. brasiliense 1692 (Pcb1692) is an important emerging pathogen of potatoes causing blackleg in the field and soft rot during post-harvest storage. Blackleg diseases involve the bacterial colonization of vascular tissue and the formation of aggregates, also known as biofilms. To understand the role of quorum sensing in vascular colonization by Pcb1692, we generated a Pcb1692ΔexpI mutant strain. Inactivation of expI led to the reduced production of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), the inability to produce acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) and reduced virulence in potato tubers and stems. Complementation of the mutant strain with the wild-type expI gene in trans successfully restored AHL and PCWDE production as well as virulence. Transmission electron microscopy and in vitro motility assays demonstrated hyperpiliation and loss of flagella and swimming motility in the mutant strain compared with the wild-type Pcb1692. Furthermore, we noted that, in the early stages of infection, Pcb1692 wild-type cells had intact flagella which were shed at the later stages of infection. Confocal laser microscopy of PcbΔexpI-inoculated plants showed that the mutant strain tended to aggregate in intercellular spaces, but was unable to transit to xylem tissue. On the contrary, the wild-type strain was often observed forming aggregates within xylem tissue of potato stems. Gene expression analyses confirmed that flagella are part of the quorum sensing regulon, whereas fimbriae and pili appear to be negatively regulated by quorum sensing. The relative expression levels of other important putative virulence genes, such as those encoding different groups of PCWDEs, were down-regulated in the mutant compared with the wild-type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Novungayo Moleleki
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of PretoriaLunnon RoadPretoriaSouth Africa0028
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyUniversity of PretoriaLunnon RoadPretoriaSouth Africa0028
| | - Rudolph Gustav Pretorius
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of PretoriaLunnon RoadPretoriaSouth Africa0028
| | - Collins Kipngetich Tanui
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of PretoriaLunnon RoadPretoriaSouth Africa0028
| | - Gabolwelwe Mosina
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of PretoriaLunnon RoadPretoriaSouth Africa0028
| | - Jacques Theron
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyUniversity of PretoriaLunnon RoadPretoriaSouth Africa0028
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Yuan B, Xue LW, Zhang QY, Kong WW, Peng J, Kou M, Jiang JH. Essential Oil from Sweet Potato Vines, a Potential New Natural Preservative, and an Antioxidant on Sweet Potato Tubers: Assessment of the Activity and the Constitution. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:7481-7491. [PMID: 27624288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi and oxidation are the major factors that cause the deterioration of sweet potatoes and also cause the loss of quality that makes consumption unsafe. In the present study, the in vitro results demonstrate that the essential oil from sweet potato vines exhibits significantly enhanced activity compared to that of the control. Furthermore, the essential oil can actively inhibit the growth of some common microorganisms inducing pathogenic bacteria and fungi (inhibition rates above 50% at low concentrations). A total of 31 constituents were identified using GC-MS and confirmed that linalool and p-hydroxybenzoic acid are the major active ingredients. The experiment involving actual tubers showed that the essential oil could retains its quality and effectiveness again the fungus disease. This suggests that it could be used in the food industry to increase the shelf life of stored produce (tubers) to ensure food safety without the use of additives or preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Ling-Wei Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Wan-Wan Kong
- Department of Environmental Monitoring and Protection, Peixian, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221600, China
| | - Jun Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Meng Kou
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
- Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Ji-Hong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province & School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
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Tomihama T, Nishi Y, Mori K, Shirao T, Iida T, Uzuhashi S, Ohkuma M, Ikeda S. Rice Bran Amendment Suppresses Potato Common Scab by Increasing Antagonistic Bacterial Community Levels in the Rhizosphere. Phytopathology 2016; 106:719-728. [PMID: 27050572 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-15-0322-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Potato common scab (PCS), caused by pathogenic Streptomyces spp., is a serious disease in potato production worldwide. Cultural practices, such as optimizing the soil pH and irrigation, are recommended but it is often difficult to establish stable disease reductions using these methods. Traditionally, local farmers in southwest Japan have amended soils with rice bran (RB) to suppress PCS. However, the scientific mechanism underlying disease suppression by RB has not been elucidated. The present study showed that RB amendment reduced PCS by repressing the pathogenic Streptomyces population in young tubers. Amplicon sequencing analyses of 16S ribosomal RNA genes from the rhizosphere microbiome revealed that RB amendment dramatically changed bacterial composition and led to an increase in the relative abundance of gram-positive bacteria such as Streptomyces spp., and this was negatively correlated with PCS disease severity. Most actinomycete isolates derived from the RB-amended soil showed antagonistic activity against pathogenic Streptomyces scabiei and S. turgidiscabies on R2A medium. Some of the Streptomyces isolates suppressed PCS when they were inoculated onto potato plants in a field experiment. These results suggest that RB amendment increases the levels of antagonistic bacteria against PCS pathogens in the potato rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Tomihama
- First, second, third, and fourth authors: Plant Pathology and Entomology Laboratory, Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development, 2200 Oono, Kinpo-cho, Minamikyushu-shi, Kagoshima, 899-3401, Japan; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Japan Collection of Microorganisms/Microbe Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Kounodai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-0074, Japan; and eighth author: Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 9-4 Shinsei-minami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Yatsuka Nishi
- First, second, third, and fourth authors: Plant Pathology and Entomology Laboratory, Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development, 2200 Oono, Kinpo-cho, Minamikyushu-shi, Kagoshima, 899-3401, Japan; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Japan Collection of Microorganisms/Microbe Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Kounodai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-0074, Japan; and eighth author: Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 9-4 Shinsei-minami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Mori
- First, second, third, and fourth authors: Plant Pathology and Entomology Laboratory, Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development, 2200 Oono, Kinpo-cho, Minamikyushu-shi, Kagoshima, 899-3401, Japan; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Japan Collection of Microorganisms/Microbe Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Kounodai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-0074, Japan; and eighth author: Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 9-4 Shinsei-minami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Shirao
- First, second, third, and fourth authors: Plant Pathology and Entomology Laboratory, Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development, 2200 Oono, Kinpo-cho, Minamikyushu-shi, Kagoshima, 899-3401, Japan; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Japan Collection of Microorganisms/Microbe Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Kounodai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-0074, Japan; and eighth author: Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 9-4 Shinsei-minami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Toshiya Iida
- First, second, third, and fourth authors: Plant Pathology and Entomology Laboratory, Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development, 2200 Oono, Kinpo-cho, Minamikyushu-shi, Kagoshima, 899-3401, Japan; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Japan Collection of Microorganisms/Microbe Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Kounodai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-0074, Japan; and eighth author: Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 9-4 Shinsei-minami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Shihomi Uzuhashi
- First, second, third, and fourth authors: Plant Pathology and Entomology Laboratory, Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development, 2200 Oono, Kinpo-cho, Minamikyushu-shi, Kagoshima, 899-3401, Japan; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Japan Collection of Microorganisms/Microbe Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Kounodai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-0074, Japan; and eighth author: Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 9-4 Shinsei-minami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Moriya Ohkuma
- First, second, third, and fourth authors: Plant Pathology and Entomology Laboratory, Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development, 2200 Oono, Kinpo-cho, Minamikyushu-shi, Kagoshima, 899-3401, Japan; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Japan Collection of Microorganisms/Microbe Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Kounodai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-0074, Japan; and eighth author: Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 9-4 Shinsei-minami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Seishi Ikeda
- First, second, third, and fourth authors: Plant Pathology and Entomology Laboratory, Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development, 2200 Oono, Kinpo-cho, Minamikyushu-shi, Kagoshima, 899-3401, Japan; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Japan Collection of Microorganisms/Microbe Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Kounodai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-0074, Japan; and eighth author: Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 9-4 Shinsei-minami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
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Dees MW, Lysøe E, Alsheikh M, Davik J, Brurberg MB. Resistance to Streptomyces turgidiscabies in potato involves an early and sustained transcriptional reprogramming at initial stages of tuber formation. Mol Plant Pathol 2016; 17:703-13. [PMID: 26416294 PMCID: PMC6638500 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Common scab, caused by species from the bacterial genus Streptomyces, is an important disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum) crops worldwide. Early tuberization is a critical period for pathogen infection; hence, studies of host gene expression responses during this developmental stage can be important to expand our understanding of the infection process and to identify putative resistance genes. In an infection experiment with the highly susceptible potato cultivar Saturna and the relatively resistant cultivar Beate, transcription profiles were obtained by RNA sequencing at two developmental stages: the early hook stage and the early tuber formation stage. Our results indicate that 'Beate' mounts an early and sustained response to infection by S. turgidiscabies, whereas the defence response by 'Saturna' ceases before the early tuber formation stage. Most pronounced were the putative candidate defence-associated genes uniquely expressed in 'Beate'. We observed an increase in alternative splicing on pathogen infection at the early hook stage for both cultivars. A significant down-regulation of genes involved in the highly energy-demanding process of ribosome biogenesis was observed for the infected 'Beate' plants at the early hook stage, which may indicate an allocation of resources that favours the expression of defence-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Wiken Dees
- NIBIO, The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Erik Lysøe
- NIBIO, The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Muath Alsheikh
- Graminor Breeding Ltd, 2322, Ridabu, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Jahn Davik
- NIBIO, The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1430, Ås, Norway
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Fyans JK, Bown L, Bignell DRD. Isolation and Characterization of Plant-Pathogenic Streptomyces Species Associated with Common Scab-Infected Potato Tubers in Newfoundland. Phytopathology 2016; 106:123-131. [PMID: 26524546 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-15-0125-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Potato common scab (CS) is an economically important crop disease that is caused by several members of the genus Streptomyces. In this study, we characterized the plant-pathogenic Streptomyces spp. associated with CS-infected potato tubers harvested in Newfoundland, Canada. A total of 17 pathogenic Streptomyces isolates were recovered from potato scab lesions, of which eight were determined to be most similar to the known CS pathogen S. europaeiscabiei. All eight S. europaeiscabiei isolates were found to produce the thaxtomin A phytotoxin and to harbor the nec1 virulence gene, and most also carry the putative virulence gene tomA. The remaining isolates appear to be novel pathogenic species that do not produce thaxtomin A, and only two of these isolates were determined to harbor the nec1 or tomA genes. Of the non-thaxtomin-producing isolates, strain 11-1-2 was shown to exhibit a severe pathogenic phenotype against different plant hosts and to produce a novel, secreted phytotoxic substance. This is the first report documenting the plant-pathogenic Streptomyces spp. associated with CS disease in Newfoundland. Furthermore, our findings provide further evidence that phytotoxins other than thaxtomin A may also contribute to the development of CS by Streptomyces spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Fyans
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Luke Bown
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Dawn R D Bignell
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
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Pasco C, Montarry J, Marquer B, Andrivon D. And the nasty ones lose in the end: foliar pathogenicity trades off with asexual transmission in the Irish famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. New Phytol 2016; 209:334-342. [PMID: 26295446 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A trade-off between pathogenicity and transmission is often postulated to explain the persistence of pathogens over time. If demonstrated, it would help to predict the evolution of pathogenicity across cropping seasons, and to develop sustainable control strategies from this prediction. Unfortunately, experimental demonstration of such trade-offs in agricultural plant pathogens remains elusive. We measured asexual transmission of Phytophthora infestans isolates differing in pathogenicity in two sets of artificial infection experiments under controlled, semi-outdoor conditions. Higher foliar pathogenicity decreased mean daughter tuber weight, increased infection severity in daughter tubers, and increased stem mortality before emergence. The most pathogenic isolates thus suffer a double penalty for asexual transmission: a lower survival probability within small and severely infected tubers; and a lower infection probability of neighbouring healthy plants due to fewer infected stems produced by surviving tubers. Moderate tuber resistance favoured transmission of the least pathogenic isolates, while high levels of resistance almost abolished transmission of all isolates. These data demonstrate a trade-off between foliar pathogenicity and asexual transmission over seasons in P. infestans, which should stabilise pathogenicity over time in the potato late blight pathosystem and possibly favour clone replacement by less pathogenic lineages after demographic bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Pasco
- UMR1349 IGEPP (Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection), INRA, Domaine de la Motte, BP 35327, Le Rheu Cedex, F-35653, France
| | - Josselin Montarry
- UMR1349 IGEPP (Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection), INRA, Domaine de la Motte, BP 35327, Le Rheu Cedex, F-35653, France
| | - Bruno Marquer
- UMR1349 IGEPP (Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection), INRA, Domaine de la Motte, BP 35327, Le Rheu Cedex, F-35653, France
| | - Didier Andrivon
- UMR1349 IGEPP (Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection), INRA, Domaine de la Motte, BP 35327, Le Rheu Cedex, F-35653, France
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46
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Kumar GNM, Knowles LO, Knowles NR. Zebra chip disease decreases tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.) protein content by attenuating protease inhibitor levels and increasing protease activities. Planta 2015; 242:1153-1166. [PMID: 26092706 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zebra chip disease of potato decreases protease inhibitor levels resulting in enhanced serine-type protease activity, decreased protein content and altered protein profiles of fully mature tubers. Zebra-chip (ZC), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), is a relatively new disease of potato that negatively affects growth, yield, propagation potential, and fresh and process qualities of tubers. Diseased plants produce tubers with characteristic brown discoloration of vascular tissue accompanied by elevated levels of free amino acids and reducing sugars. Here we demonstrate that ZC disease induces selective protein catabolism in tubers through modulating protease inhibitor levels. Soluble protein content of tubers from CLso-infected plants was 33% lower than from non-infected plants and electrophoretic analyses revealed substantial reductions in major tuber proteins. Patatin (~40 kDa) and ser-, asp- (22 kDa) and cys-type (85 kDa) protease inhibitors were either absent or greatly reduced in ZC-afflicted tubers. In contrast to healthy (non-infected) tubers, the proteolytic activity in CLso infected tubers was high and the ability of extracts from infected tubers to inhibit trypsin (ser-type) and papain (cys-type) proteases greatly attenuated. Moreover, extracts from CLso-infected tubers rapidly catabolized proteins purified from healthy tubers (40 kDa patatin, 22 kDa protease inhibitors, 85 kDa potato multicystatin) when subjected to proteolysis individually. In contrast, crude extracts from non-infected tubers effectively inhibited the proteolytic activity from ZC-afflicted tubers. These results suggest that the altered protein profile of ZC afflicted tubers is largely due to loss of ser- and cys-type protease inhibitors. Further analysis revealed a novel PMSF-sensitive (ser) protease (ca. 80-120 kDa) in CLso infected tubers. PMSF abolished the proteolytic activities responsible for degrading patatin, the 22 kDa protease inhibitor(s) and potato multicystatin by CLso infected tubers. The disease-induced loss of patatin and protease inhibitors therefore appears to be modulated by ser-type protease(s). The selective catabolism of proteins in ZC-afflicted tubers undoubtedly affects downstream aspects of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, which is ultimately reflected by the accumulation of reducing sugars, free amino acids and reduced sprouting capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Mohan Kumar
- Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646414, Pullman, WA, 99164-6414, USA.
| | - Lisa O Knowles
- Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646414, Pullman, WA, 99164-6414, USA
| | - N Richard Knowles
- Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646414, Pullman, WA, 99164-6414, USA.
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47
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Mnif I, Hammami I, Triki MA, Azabou MC, Ellouze-Chaabouni S, Ghribi D. Antifungal efficiency of a lipopeptide biosurfactant derived from Bacillus subtilis SPB1 versus the phytopathogenic fungus, Fusarium solani. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:18137-18147. [PMID: 26178831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis SPB1 lipopeptides were evaluated as a natural antifungal agent against Fusarium solani infestation. In vitro antifungal assay showed a minimal inhibitory concentration of about 3 mg/ml with a fungicidal mode of action. In fact, treatment of F. solani by SPB1 lipopeptides generated excessive lyses of the mycelium and caused polynucleation and destruction of the related spores together with a total inhibition of spore production. Furthermore, an inhibition of germination potency accompanied with a high spore blowing was observed. Moreover, in order to be applied in agricultural field, in vivo antifungal activity was proved against the dry rot potato tubers caused by F. solani. Preventive treatment appeared as the most promising as after 20 days of fungi inoculation, rot invasion was reduced by almost 78%, in comparison to that of non-treated one. When treating infected tomato plants, disease symptoms were reduced by almost 100% when applying the curative method. Results of this study are very promising as it enables the use of the crude lipopeptide preparation of B. subtilis SPB1 as a potent natural fungicide that could effectively control the infection of F. solani in tomato and potato tubers at a concentration similar to the commercial fungicide hymexazol and therefore prevent the damage of olive tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Mnif
- Unit "Enzymes and Bioconversion", National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ines Hammami
- Higher School of Agriculture of Kef, 7119, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Triki
- Laboratory "Amélioration et Protection des Ressources Génétiques de l'Olivier", Sfax BP1087, Institut of Olivier, IRESA - University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Cheffi Azabou
- Laboratory "Amélioration et Protection des Ressources Génétiques de l'Olivier", Sfax BP1087, Institut of Olivier, IRESA - University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Semia Ellouze-Chaabouni
- Unit "Enzymes and Bioconversion", National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dhouha Ghribi
- Unit "Enzymes and Bioconversion", National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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48
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Arseneault T, Goyer C, Filion M. Pseudomonas fluorescens LBUM223 Increases Potato Yield and Reduces Common Scab Symptoms in the Field. Phytopathology 2015; 105:1311-1317. [PMID: 25961336 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-14-0358-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Common scab of potato, caused by pathogenic Streptomyces spp., is an important disease not efficiently controlled by current methods. We previously demonstrated that Pseudomonas fluorescens LBUM223 reduces common scab development under controlled conditions through phenazine-1-carboxylic (PCA) production, leading to reduced thaxtomin A production by the pathogen, a key pathogenicity and virulence factor. Here, we aimed at determining if LBUM223 is able to increase potato yield and control common scab under field conditions, while characterizing the biocontrol mechanisms involved. We investigated if a reduction in pathogen soil populations, activation of induced systemic resistance in potato, and/or changes in txtA gene expression, involved in thaxtomin A biosynthesis in pathogenic Streptomyces spp. were involved in common scab control by LBUM223. Common scab symptoms were significantly reduced and total tuber weight increased by 46% using biweekly applications of LBUM223. LBUM223 did not reduce pathogen soil populations, nor was potato systemic defense-related gene expression significantly altered between treatments. However, a significant down-regulation of txtA expression occurred in the geocaulosphere. This is the first demonstration that a Pseudomonas strain can directly alter the transcriptional activity of a key pathogenesis gene in a plant pathogen under field conditions, contributing to disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Arseneault
- First and third authors: Université de Moncton, Department of Biology, Moncton, NB, Canada; and second author: Potato Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Claudia Goyer
- First and third authors: Université de Moncton, Department of Biology, Moncton, NB, Canada; and second author: Potato Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Martin Filion
- First and third authors: Université de Moncton, Department of Biology, Moncton, NB, Canada; and second author: Potato Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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49
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Burra DD, Mühlenbock P, Andreasson E. Salicylic and jasmonic acid pathways are necessary for defence against Dickeya solani as revealed by a novel method for Blackleg disease screening of in vitro grown potato. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2015; 17:1030-1038. [PMID: 25903921 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Potato is major crop ensuring food security in Europe, and blackleg disease is increasingly causing losses in yield and during storage. Recently, one blackleg pathogen, Dickeya solani has been shown to be spreading in Northern Europe that causes aggressive disease development. Currently, identification of tolerant commercial potato varieties has been unsuccessful; this is confounded by the complicated etiology of the disease and a strong environmental influence on disease development. There is currently a lack of efficient testing systems. Here, we describe a system for quantification of blackleg symptoms on shoots of sterile in vitro potato plants, which saves time and space compared to greenhouse and existing field assays. We found no evidence for differences in infection between the described in vitro-based screening method and existing greenhouse assays. This system facilitates efficient screening of blackleg disease response of potato plants independent of other microorganisms and variable environmental conditions. We therefore used the in vitro screening method to increase understanding of plant mechanisms involved in blackleg disease development by analysing disease response of hormone- related (salicylic and jasmonic acid) transgenic potato plants. We show that both jasmonic (JA) and salicylic (SA) acid pathways regulate tolerance to blackleg disease in potato, a result unlike previous findings in Arabidopsis defence response to necrotrophic bacteria. We confirm this by showing induction of a SA marker, pathogenesis-related protein 1 (StPR1), and a JA marker, lipoxygenase (StLOX), in Dickeya solani infected in vitro potato plants. We also observed that tubers of transgenic potato plants were more susceptible to soft rot compared to wild type, suggesting a role for SA and JA pathways in general tolerance to Dickeya.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Burra
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - P Mühlenbock
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - E Andreasson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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50
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Millett BP, Gao L, Iorizzo M, Carputo D, Bradeen JM. Potato Tuber Blight Resistance Phenotypes Correlate with RB Transgene Transcript Levels in an Age-Dependent Manner. Phytopathology 2015; 105:1131-1136. [PMID: 25775104 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-14-0291-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved strategies and mechanisms to detect and respond to pathogen attack. Different organs of the same plant may be subjected to different environments (e.g., aboveground versus belowground) and pathogens with different lifestyles. Accordingly, plants commonly need to tailor defense strategies in an organ-specific manner. Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of potato late blight disease, infects both aboveground foliage and belowground tubers. We examined the efficacy of transgene RB (known for conferring foliar late blight resistance) in defending against tuber late blight disease. Our results indicate that the presence of the transgene has a positive yet only marginally significant effect on tuber disease resistance on average. However, a significant association between transgene transcript levels and tuber resistance was established for specific transformed lines in an age-dependent manner, with higher transcript levels indicating enhanced tuber resistance. Thus, RB has potential to function in both foliage and tuber to impart late blight resistance. Our data suggest that organ-specific resistance might result directly from transcriptional regulation of the resistance gene itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Millett
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; second author: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; third and fourth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy; and fifth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - Liangliang Gao
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; second author: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; third and fourth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy; and fifth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; second author: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; third and fourth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy; and fifth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - Domenico Carputo
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; second author: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; third and fourth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy; and fifth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - James M Bradeen
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; second author: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; third and fourth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy; and fifth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
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