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Bumes E, Fellner C, Lenz S, Linker R, Weis S, Wendl C, Wimmer S, Hau P, Gronwald W, Hutterer M. OS08.4.A Retrospective analysis of in vivo 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy based on a machine learning approach enables reliable prediction of IDH mutation in patients with glioma. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is not only an important landmark in the development of low-grade gliomas, but also has prognostic significance and is a potential therapeutic target. There is a high need to determinate IDH mutation status at diagnosis and during the course of therapy in a non-invasive and reliable manner. We established a machine learning approach based on a support vector machine to detect IDH mutation status in in vivo standard 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 3T with an accuracy of 88.2%, a sensitivity of 95.5% (95% CI, 77.2–99.9%), and a specificity of 75% (95% CI, 42.85–94.5%) in a prospective monocentric clinical trial. Here, the same method is applied in a retrospective cohort at 1.5T and tested for transferability.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Validation cohort. The validation cohort comprised 100 patients with glioma for which standard in vivo 1H-MRS spectra had been acquired between 2002 and 2007. Standard single voxel spectroscopy had been measured at 1.5T using a PRESS sequence with a TR of 1500ms and a TE of 30ms. One sample had to be excluded due to non-malignant histology and for 15 samples the IDH mutation status was not available. Therefore, the validation cohort comprised 84 samples, of which 35 were bearing an IDH mutation in immunohistochemistry (sequencing for confirmation is outstanding). Machine learning. To transfer our method to an independent validation cohort our previously established machine learning approach was first trained on all samples of the 3T group. The trained algorithm was then applied to the data of the validation cohort. Here, among other factors the different field strengths, with which the spectra were acquired (3T vs. 1.5T) had to be considered.
RESULTS
27 samples of the validation cohort had to be excluded due to poor spectra quality. Our approach correctly detected IDH mutation status in 47 of 62 patients (75.8%), although the technical conditions were significantly different from our published prospective cohort. 17 of 30 patients bearing an IDH mutation were correctly identified, while 30 of 32 wild type patients were determined successfully.
CONCLUSION
Our approach to detect IDH mutation status has promising application in an unselected retrospective cohort, demonstrating transferability across different technical conditions. Further investigations to improve our technique and an advanced neuropathological processing of the samples are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bumes
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Fellner
- Department of Radiology and Division of Neuroradiology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Lenz
- Division of Molecularpathology, Clinical Institute of Pathology and Molecularpathology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - R Linker
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Weis
- Division of Neuropathology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - C Wendl
- Department of Radiology and Division of Neuroradiology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Wimmer
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - P Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Gronwald
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Hutterer
- Department of Neurology, Saint John of God Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
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Meyding-Lamadé U, Jacobi C, Martinez-Torres F, Lenhard T, Kress B, Kieser M, Klose C, Einhäupl K, Bösel J, Mackert MB, Homberg V, Koennecke C, Weißheit G, Claus D, Kieseier B, Bardutzky J, Neumann-Haefelin T, Lorenz MW, Steinmetz H, Gerloff C, Schneider D, Grau A, Klein M, Dziewas R, Bogdahn U, Jakob W, Linker R, Fuchs K, Sander A, Luntz S, Hoppe-Tichy T, Hanley DF, von Kummer R, Craemer E. The German trial on Aciclovir and Corticosteroids in Herpes-simplex-virus-Encephalitis (GACHE): a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurol Res Pract 2019; 1:26. [PMID: 33324892 PMCID: PMC7650106 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-019-0031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Comprehensive treatment of Herpes-simplex-virus-encephalitis (HSVE) remains a major clinical challenge. The current therapy gold standard is aciclovir, a drug that inhibits viral replication. Despite antiviral treatment, mortality remains around 20% and a majority of survivors suffer from severe disability. Experimental research and recent retrospective clinical observations suggest a favourable therapy response to adjuvant dexamethasone. Currently there is no randomized clinical trial evidence, however, to support the routine use of adjuvant corticosteroid treatment in HSVE. Methods The German trial of Aciclovir and Corticosteroids in Herpes-simplex-virus-Encephalitis (GACHE) studied the effect of adjuvant dexamethasone versus placebo on top of standard aciclovir treatment in adult patients aged 18 up to 85 years with proven HSVE in German academic centers of Neurology in a randomized and double blind fashion. The trial was open from November 2007 to December 2012. The initially planned sample size was 372 patients with the option to increase to up to 450 patients after the second interim analysis. The primary endpoint was a binary functional outcome after 6 months assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS 0-2 vs. 3-6). Secondary endpoints included mortality after 6 and 12 months, functional outcome after 6 months measured with the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), functional outcome after 12 months measured with mRS and GOS, quality of life as measured with the EuroQol 5D instrument after 6 and 12 months, neuropsychological testing after 6 months, cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings after 6 months, seizures up to day of discharge or at the latest at day 30, and after 6 and 12 months. Results The trial was stopped prematurely for slow recruitment after 41 patients had been randomized, 21 of them treated with dexamethasone and 20 with placebo. No difference was observed in the primary endpoint. In the full analysis set (n = 19 in each group), 12 patients in each treatment arm achieved a mRS of 0-2. Similarly, we did not observe significant differences in the secondary endpoints (GOS, mRS, quality of life, neuropsychological testing). Conclusion GACHE being prematurely terminated demonstrated challenges encountered performing randomized, placebo-controlled trials in rare life threatening neurological diseases. Based upon our trial results the use of adjuvant steroids in addition to antiviral treatment remains experimental and is at the decision of the individual treating physician. Unfortunately, the small number of study participants does not allow firm conclusions. Trial registration EudraCT-Nr. 2005-003201-81.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Meyding-Lamadé
- Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Martinez-Torres
- Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Lenhard
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Kress
- Department of Neuroradiology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Kieser
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Klose
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Einhäupl
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Bösel
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - M-B Mackert
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Homberg
- Department of Neurology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - C Koennecke
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Weißheit
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Claus
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Praxis Dr. Meyer & Prof. Claus, Bensheim, Germany
| | - B Kieseier
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Bardutzky
- Department of Neurology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - M W Lorenz
- Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Grau
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Lugwigshafen, Germany
| | - M Klein
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, Großhadern, Germany
| | - R Dziewas
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - U Bogdahn
- Department of Pharmacy Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Jakob
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Linker
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K Fuchs
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Sander
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Luntz
- Koordinierungszentrum für Klinische Studien (KKS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Hoppe-Tichy
- Department of Pharmacy Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D F Hanley
- Division of Brain Injury Outcomes, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - R von Kummer
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Craemer
- Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
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Abstract
Fungi can modify the pH in or around the infected site via alkalization or acidification, and pH monitoring may provide valuable information on host-fungus interactions. The objective of the present study was to examine the ability of two fungi, Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani, to modify the pH of potato tubers during artificial inoculation in situ. Both fungi cause blemishes on potato tubers, which downgrades tuber quality and yield. Direct visualization and estimation of pH changes near the inoculation area were achieved using pH indicators and image analysis. The results showed that the pH of the area infected by either fungus increased from potato native pH of approximately 6.0 to 7.4 to 8.0. By performing simple analysis of the images, it was also possible to derive the growth curve of each fungus and estimate the lag phase of the radial growth: 10 days for C. coccodes and 17 days H. solani. In addition, a distinctive halo (an edge area with increased pH) was observed only during the lag phase of H. solani infection. pH modulation is a major factor in pathogen-host interaction and the proposed method offers a simple and rapid way to monitor these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tardi-Ovadia
- First and second authors: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. Haifa 32000, Israel; and third author: Department of Plant Pathology & Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, M.P. Negev 85280, Israel
| | - R Linker
- First and second authors: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. Haifa 32000, Israel; and third author: Department of Plant Pathology & Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, M.P. Negev 85280, Israel
| | - L Tsror Lahkim
- First and second authors: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. Haifa 32000, Israel; and third author: Department of Plant Pathology & Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, M.P. Negev 85280, Israel
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Kaltenecker CC, Domenig O, Kopecky C, Antlanger M, Poglitsch M, Manzel A, Linker R, Kain R, Säemann MD, Kovarik JJ. SP056OF MICE AND MEN: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANGIOTENSIN FORMATION IN HEALTHY HUMAN AND MURINE KIDNEYS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv188.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Salmen A, Linker R, Gold R. Neue Behandlungsziele bei Multipler Sklerose: Mögliche neuroprotektive Aspekte etablierter und neuer Immuntherapeutika. Akt Neurol 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Salmen
- Klinik für Neurologie, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - R. Linker
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
| | - R. Gold
- Klinik für Neurologie, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
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Winder K, Engelhorn T, Wagner I, Crodel C, Schramm M, Koehn J, Linker R, Lee DH, Hilz M. Location and volume of multiple sclerosis lesions predict enhanced or decreased female sexual function. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Winder K, Engelhorn T, Wagner I, Crodel C, Schramm M, Koehn J, Linker R, Lee D, Hilz M. Site and size of Multiple Sclerosis lesions deteriorate or improve erectile dysfunction. Auton Neurosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lämmer A, Maihöfner C, Gölitz P, Linker R, Schramm A. Beteiligung des 2. Motoneurons bei Neuromyelitis optica. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Lee DH, Laemmer R, Waschbisch A, Laemmer A, Trollmann R, Linker R. Characterizing Disability in Early Onset MS Patients: Correlation of Clinical Parameters with Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness (P01.165). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Segal-Rosenheimer M, Linker R, Dubowski Y. Heterogeneous oxidation of the insecticide cypermethrin as thin film and airborne particles by hydroxyl radicals and ozone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 13:506-17. [PMID: 21060930 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00931h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of pesticides' fate in the atmosphere is important in terms of environmental effects on non-target areas and risk assessments analysis. This evaluation is usually done in the laboratory using analytical grade materials and is then extrapolated to more realistic conditions. To assess the effect of the pesticide purity level (i.e. analytical vs. technical) and state (i.e. sorbed film vs. airborne particles), we have investigated the oxidation rates and products of technical grade cypermethrin as thin film and in its airborne form, and compared it with our former results for analytical grade material. Technical grade thin film kinetics for both ozone and OH radicals revealed reaction rates similar to the analytical material, implying that for these processes, the analytical grade can be used as a good proxy. Oxidation products, however, were slightly different with two additional condensed phase products: formanilide, N-phenyl and 2-biphenyl carboxylic acid, which were seen with the technical grade material only. OH experiments revealed spectral changes that suggest the immediate formation of surface products containing OH functionalities. For the ozonolysis studies of airborne material, a novel set-up was used, which included a long-path FTIR cell in conjugation with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) system. This set-up allowed monitoring of real-time reaction kinetics and product formation (gas and condensed phases) together with aerosol size distribution measurements. Similar condensed phase products were observed for airborne and thin film technical grade cypermethrin after ozonolysis. Additionally, CO, CO(2) and possibly acetaldehyde were identified as gaseous oxidation products in the aerosols experiments only. A kinetic model fitted to our experimental system enabled the identification of both primary and secondary products as well as extraction of a formation rate constant. Kinetic calculations (based on gaseous products formation rate) have revealed values similar to that of the thin film experiments. Interestingly, heterogeneous oxidation of cypermethrin was also found to generate ultra fine secondary organic aerosols. Again, no significant difference was observed between analytical and technical grade materials. However, particle size distribution was much broader when films were exposed to OH and ozone than to ozone alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Segal-Rosenheimer
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
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11
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Ellrichmann G, Tönnes C, Schröder A, Linker R, Gold R. Multiple Sklerose: Symptomatische Therapie von Blasen- / Mastdarm und Sexualfunktionsstörungen. Akt Neurol 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Linker R. Compounds acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as potential regulators of autoimmune neuroinflammation. DRUG FUTURE 2010. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2010.035.05.1484388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Linker R. Compounds acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as potential regulators of autoimmune neuroinflammation. DRUG FUTURE 2010. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2010.35.5.1484388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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14
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Gold R, Linker R. Interferon β-1b in der Therapie der Multiplen Sklerose: Erfahrungen, Innovationen und Zukunftsoptionen. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1220402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Tönnes C, Linker R. Multiple Sklerose und Kognition unter Interferon-β-1b-Therapie. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1220413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gold R, Hartung H, Hohlfeld R, Wiendl H, Kieseier B, Linker R, Schmidt S, Toyka K. Therapie der Multiplen Sklerose mit monoklonalen Antikörpern. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1220429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schröder A, Fischer M, Meyer C, Ellrichmann G, Thöne J, Linker R, Chan A, Gold R. Plasmapherese in der Eskalationstherapie der Multiplen Sklerose: Verlaufsbeobachtung an 35 Patienten. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1090231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Linker R. Vom experimentellen Modell zum Patienten: neue Therapiestrategien bei chronisch-entzündlichen Neuropathien. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lühder F, Lee D, Cetin S, Wiese S, Kruse N, Neumann H, Sendtner M, Gold R, Linker R. Von der Entzündung zur Degeneration: die Bedeutung des Neurotrophins brain derived neurotrophic factor bei autoimmuner Entmarkung im zentralen Nervensystem. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Linker R, Hohlfeld R, Gold R. Natalizumab in der Therapie der multiplen Sklerose. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-986218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Borenstein A, Linker R, Shmulevich I, Shaviv A. Determination of soil nitrate and water content using attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2006; 60:1267-72. [PMID: 17132443 DOI: 10.1366/000370206778998969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct determination of nitrate and soil moisture can significantly improve N-application management and thus reduce N-derived environmental pollution related to agriculture. Several studies have shown that Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FT-IR/ATR) spectroscopy could be used to estimate the nitrate content of standardized soil pastes. Paste standardization appeared to be the main obstacle to in situ application of this approach, and the present study shows how FT-IR/ATR can be used to estimate both water content and nitrate concentration of field soil samples. Water content and nitrate concentration are determined sequentially using two subsamples of the initial soil sample. An a priori determined amount of highly concentrated nitrate solution is added to the first subsample and the ATR spectrum of this paste is used to estimate the sample water content. It is then possible to calculate the amount of water that should be added to the second subsample so that the resulting paste is very close to the ideal standard paste. Nitrate concentration, mg [N]/kg [dry soil], is estimated using the FT-IR/ATR spectrum of this second paste. Results are presented for a laboratory experiment with four agricultural soils, as well as for a field trial with a calcareous soil. For water content, the determination errors range from 0.01 to 0.02 g [water]/g [dry soil]. For nitrate concentration, the errors for three of the soils range from 5.9 to 8.4 mg [N]/kg [dry soil], while for the fourth, calcareous clay soil, the determination error is 13.6 mg [N]/kg [dry soil]. The determination errors obtained for the field trial are similar to the ones obtained for a similar soil under laboratory conditions, which shows the potential usefulness of the approach for improving N-application management and reducing environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borenstein
- Division of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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23
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Schilling S, Goelz S, Linker R, Luehder F, Gold R. Fumaric acid esters are effective in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suppress macrophage infiltration. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 145:101-7. [PMID: 16792679 PMCID: PMC1942010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumaric acid esters (FAE) have proven their therapeutic efficacy in psoriasis, a Th1 mediated skin disease. More recently, preliminary data have suggested an activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well. To investigate further possible mechanisms of action of these compounds in inflammatory diseases, we studied the FAE methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by immunization of C57BL/6 mice with MOG peptide aa 35-55. Preventive treatment with these FAE was delivered twice a day by oral gavage. Both esters had a significant therapeutic effect on the disease course and histology showed a strongly reduced macrophage inflammation in the spinal cord. Multiparameter cytokine analysis from blood detected an increase of IL-10 in the treated animals. We conclude that the underlying biological activity of FAE in EAE is complex and, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schilling
- Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Abstract
Non-invasive molecular imaging technologies provide researchers with the opportunity to study cellular and molecular processes. Among different imaging technologies, ultrasound based molecular imaging methods are also of interest, since the use of ultrasound contrast agents allows specific and sensitive depiction of molecular targets. Recent studies are encouraging and have demonstrated the feasibility of ultrasound based molecular imaging. This review summarizes current experiences and recent preclinical studies with target-specific ultrasound contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mäurer
- Neurologische Klinik der Bayerischen Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg.
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Etzion Y, Linker R, Cogan U, Shmulevich I. Determination of Protein Concentration in Raw Milk by Mid-Infrared Fourier Transform Infrared/Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:2779-88. [PMID: 15375035 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the potential use of attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy in the mid-infrared range for determining protein concentration in raw cow milk. The determination of protein concentration is based on the characteristic absorbance of milk proteins, which includes 2 absorbance bands in the 1500 to 1700 cm(-1) range, known as the amide I and amide II bands, and absorbance in the 1060 to 1100 cm(-1) range, which is associated with phosphate groups covalently bound to casein proteins. To minimize the influence of the strong water band (centered around 1640 cm(-1)) that overlaps with the amide I and amide II bands, an optimized automatic procedure for accurate water subtraction was applied. Following water subtraction, the spectra were analyzed by 3 methods, namely simple band integration, partial least squares (PLS) and neural networks. For the neural network models, the spectra were first decomposed by principal component analysis (PCA), and the neural network inputs were the spectra principal components scores. In addition, the concentrations of 2 constituents expected to interact with the protein (i.e., fat and lactose) were also used as inputs. These approaches were tested with 235 spectra of standardized raw milk samples, corresponding to 26 protein concentrations in the 2.47 to 3.90% (weight per volume) range. The simple integration method led to very poor results, whereas PLS resulted in prediction errors of about 0.22% protein. The neural network approach led to prediction errors of 0.20% protein when based on PCA scores only, and 0.08% protein when lactose and fat concentrations were also included in the model. These results indicate the potential usefulness of Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy for rapid, possibly online, determination of protein concentration in raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Etzion
- The Interdisciplinary Program of Biotechnology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Raum M, Gregor S, Keiser F, Linker R, Holzgräfe B, Neugebauer E. LOCAL METABOLIC CHANGES IN LIVER AND MUSCLE WITH DIFFERENT RESUSCITATION FLUIDS AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK- A CONTROLLED STUDY IN PIGS USING MICRODIALYSIS. Shock 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00024382-200209001-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Raum M, Rixen D, Linker R, Gregor S, Holzgraefe B, Neugebauer E. [Influence of lactate infusion solutions on the plasma lactate concentration]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2002; 37:356-8. [PMID: 12063593 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-32241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Raum
- II. Chirurgischer Lehrstuhl der Universität zu Köln. Marcus, Germany.
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Voepel H, Gutt CN, Linker R, Paolucci V. The new reusable laparoscopic multi-fire clip-applier for titanium clips. MINIM INVASIV THER 1996. [DOI: 10.3109/13645709609153710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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