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Ražić S, Gadžurić S, Trtić-Petrović T. Ionic liquids in green analytical chemistry-are they that good and green enough? Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2023-2029. [PMID: 37989846 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of ionic liquids (ILs) as greener solvents in analytical sciences, especially in sample pretreatment, has focused attention on exploiting their enormous potential, not only on eliminating and improving the drawbacks faced by scientists. These ionic compounds with unique physicochemical properties can be tuned through smart synthesis, combining cations and anions, so that the compound exhibits excellent properties for its intended purpose. Ionic liquids are rightly referred to as designer solvents. Validation of a newly proposed analytical methods using ionic liquids, either in sample preparation or in further analysis, is a critical process to demonstrate that a particular analytical method is fit for purpose and provides reliable and accurate results. In addition, this article specially addressed the potential toxicity of ionic liquids with the modest goal of assisting researchers in this field by expanding their target areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Ražić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slobodan Gadžurić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Trtić-Petrović
- Laboratory of Physics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrović Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Swathilakshmi AV, Poonkothai M. Ecofriendly Approach on the Removal of Reactive Orange 107 from Aqueous Solutions Using Cladophora Species as a Novel Biosorbent. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:500-516. [PMID: 37245201 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of Cladophora species for the removal of Reactive Orange 107 (RO107) from the aqueous solution was evaluated through batch adsorption studies by optimising various process parameters such as pH (3-8), dye concentration (100-500 mg/l), biosorbent concentration (100-500 mg/l), temperature (25-45 °C) and contact time (12-108 h). The results revealed that the optimum conditions for RO107 decolourisation (87%) was found on 72 h of incubation with 100 mg/l dye concentration amended with 200 mg/l biosorbent at pH 6 at 25 °C. The mechanism of dye adsorption was evaluated using isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic models. The experimental data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous and feasible in nature. Recovery of RO107 from the Cladophora sp. was maximum when 0.1 M HNO3 was used as an eluent. UV-Visible, FT-IR and SEM analyses reveal the interaction between the biosorbent-adsorbate and confirm the process of decolourisation by Cladophora sp. In order to evaluate the nature of the untreated and treated dye solutions, toxicological studies were conducted and the results revealed that the treated dye solution was non- toxic as compared with untreated dye solution. The results of the docking study proved that there was a substantial binding energy between RO107 and the protein (Cytochrome C6) of Cladophora sp. Hence, Cladophora sp. proves to be a promising biosorbent to decolourise RO107 and its potential can be explored in the textile sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Swathilakshmi
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - M Poonkothai
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India.
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3
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Bedair HM, Samir TM, Mansour FR. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of natural deep eutectic solvents. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:198. [PMID: 38324052 PMCID: PMC10850035 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The increasing antibiotic resistance towards a panel of microorganisms is one of the public health concerns. For this reason, the search for alternatives to the widely used antibiotic has been undertaken. In the era of sustainable chemistry, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising antimicrobial agents. These solvents possess several advantages such as low volatility, low flammability, ease of preparation, and typically low cost of production. These properties make DES suitable for various applications, including extraction of biomolecules and preparation of cosmetics. Natural DESs (NADESs) are special category of DESs prepared from natural sources, which matched the recent trends of leaning back to nature, and decreasing dependence on synthetic precursors. NADES can be prepared by heating and stirring, freeze-drying, evaporation, grinding, and ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted synthesis. Utilizing NADESs as an alternative to traditional antibiotics, which become ineffective over time due to bacterial resistance, holds great promise for these reasons. This review aims to discuss the antimicrobial properties of multiple NADESs, including antibacterial and antifungal activities. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first literature survey of the antimicrobial activities of NADESs. KEY POINTS: • Natural deep eutectic solvents are promising antimicrobial alternative to antibiotics • NADES holds high potential for their activity against bacterial resistance • NADES have also substantial antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M Bedair
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Samir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, Tanta, 31111, Egypt.
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4
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Defeat undefeatable: ionic liquids as novel antimicrobial agents. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Kiruthika T, Poonkothai M, Kalaiarasi K, Ajarem JS, Allam AA, Khim JS, Sudhakar C, Selvankumar T, Alaguprathana M. Decolorization of safranin using Fissidens species and its ecotoxicological assessments: An in vitro and in silico approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113108. [PMID: 35314161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decolorization of safranin was investigated using Fissidens species in a batch system under optimized conditions. The decolorization efficiency was improved by optimizing the conditions such as initial pH (3-9), temperature (25-45 °C), initial dye concentration (10-50 mg/L), biosorbent dosage (100-500 mg/L) and contact time (1-6 days). Maximum decolorization (95%) was recorded at initial pH of 6 with dye concentration of 20 mg/L, biosorbent dosage of 200 mg/L at 30 °C and contact time of 2 days. Desorption studies revealed 0.1 N NaOH as the best desorbing agent with 92% recovery on third day. Experimental data well fitted to Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-second order kinetic model. The negative values of ΔGo and positive value of ΔSo and ΔHo indicates that the reaction is spontaneous, favorable and endothermic. The biosorbent - dye interactions were confirmed using UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD and FE-SEM with EDX studies. The detoxified nature of the dye degraded metabolites was confirmed by the significant growth of green gram. The color fastness and color strength of the fabrics dyed using Fissidens species treated dye solution were compared with the tap water dyed fabrics which indicated the reuse potential of treated water in textile sector. The decolorization efficiency was further confirmed through in silico approach, where safranin well docked with the active sites of Photosystem II protein D1 of the Fissidens species. Thus, the present study proves that Fissidens species is a promising biosorbent for safranin decolorization and will lay a platform for the control and management of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kiruthika
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Poonkothai
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Kalaiarasi
- Department of Textiles and Clothing, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jamaan S Ajarem
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - C Sudhakar
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, 637501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Selvankumar
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, 637501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Alaguprathana
- Department of Zoology, Adhiyaman Arts and Science College for Women, Uthangarai, Krishnagiri, 635 207, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kieft TL, Byrd E, Veni G. Toxicological Study of Fluorescent Hydrologic Tracer Dye Effects on Cave Bacteria. GROUND WATER 2022; 60:404-409. [PMID: 34913483 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes are commonly used as hydrologic tracers in a variety of surface and subsurface environments, including karst aquifers and caves, but the fragile nature of karstic groundwater ecosystems suggests a cautious approach to selecting dyes. This study tested the effects of four fluorescent dye tracers (uranine, eosin, pyranine, sulforhodamine B) on microorganisms from Fort Stanton Cave, New Mexico, United States. Toxicity of the dyes was tested on bacteria isolated from the cave and on a sediment sample collected adjacent to Snowy River in Fort Stanton Cave. The isolates showed minimal inhibition by the four dyes in an agar diffusions assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations calculated from liquid culture assays of one isolate were 35 g/L for uranine, 3.5 g/L for eosin, 0.1 g/L for pyranine, and 10 mg/L for sulforhodamine B. A 14 C-glucose radiotracer experiment showed zero inhibition of overall microbial activity in a sediment sample at all dye concentrations, except at 350 g/L eosin. Thus, there are no cave-specific findings to indicate that Fort Stanton's microbes are especially sensitive to these commonly used dyes. Moreover, a literature survey of mutagenicity tests on these dyes indicates they are safe for environmental use. These results corroborate previous dye toxicity tests and suggest that these four dyes are suitable for use at Fort Stanton Cave in the concentration ranges commonly used for groundwater tracing. While broader testing of dyes with microbes from other caves is advised, the results suggest the dyes may be safe for all karst aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn Byrd
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - George Veni
- National Cave and Karst Research Institute, Carlsbad, NM, 88220, USA
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Marchel M, Cieśliński H, Boczkaj G. Deep eutectic solvents microbial toxicity: Current state of art and critical evaluation of testing methods. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127963. [PMID: 34896723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were described at the beginning of 21st century and they consist of a mixture of two or more solid components, which gives rise to a lower melting point compared to the starting materials. Over the years, DESs have proved to be a promising alternative to traditional organic solvents and ionic liquids (ILs) due to their low volatility, low inflammability, easy preparation, and usually low cost of compounds used in their preparation. All these properties encouraged researchers to use them in diverse fields and applications e.g., as extractants for biomolecules and solvents in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Nevertheless, despite undeniable potential of DESs, there is still controversy about their toxicity. Besides the low number of studies on this topic, there are also some contradicting reports on biocompatibility of these solvents. Such misleading reports could be mainly attributed to the lack of well design standard protocol for DESs toxicity determination or the use of out-off-purpose methodology. Thus, to better apply DESs in green and sustainable chemistry, more studies on their impact on organisms at different trophic levels and the use of proper techniques are required. This review focuses on DESs toxicity towards microorganisms and is divided into three parts: The first part provides a brief general introduction to DESs, the second part discusses the methodologies used for assessment of DESs microbial toxicity and the obtained results, and finally in the third part the critical evaluation of the methods is provided, as well as suggestions and guidelines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Marchel
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hubert Cieśliński
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; EkoTech Center, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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Ortega Vega MR, Baldin EK, Pereira DP, Martins MCS, Pranke P, Horn F, Pinheiro I, Vieira A, Espiña B, Mattedi S, Malfatti CDF. Toxicity of oleate-based amino protic ionic liquids towards Escherichia coli, Danio rerio embryos and human skin cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126896. [PMID: 34449326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protic ionic liquids (PILs) have been widely employed with the label of "green solvents'' in different sectors of technology and industry. The studied PILs are promising for corrosion inhibition and lubrication applications in industry. Industrial use of the PILs can transform them in wastes, due to accidental spill or drag in water due to washing, that can reach water bodies. In addition, the handling of the product by the workers can expose them to accidental contact. Thus, the aim of this work is to evaluate the toxicity of PILs 2-hydroxyethylammonium oleate (2-HEAOl), N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium oleate (m-2HEAOl) and bis-2-hydroxyethylammonium oleate (BHEAOl) towards Escherichia coli, zebrafish embryos, model organisms that can be present in water, and human skin cells. This is the first work reporting toxicity results for these PILs, which constitutes its novelty. Results showed that the studied PILs did not inhibit E. coli bacterial growth but could cause human skin cells death at the concentrations of use. LC50 values for zebrafish eggs were 40.21 mg/L for 2HEAOl, 12.92 mg/L for BHEAOl and 32.74 mg/L for m-2HEAOl, with sublethal effects at lower concentrations, such as hatching retarding, low heart rate and absence of free swimming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Ortega Vega
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Corrosão - LAPEC, Department of Metallurgy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Block 4, BLDG 43 427, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Estela Kerstner Baldin
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Corrosão - LAPEC, Department of Metallurgy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Block 4, BLDG 43 427, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Pavulack Pereira
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga n. 2752, Room 304 G, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia. Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Martha Cestari Silva Martins
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga n. 2752, Room 304 G, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga n. 2752, Room 304 G, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Horn
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Block 4, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ivone Pinheiro
- Water Quality Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ana Vieira
- Water Quality Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga, Portugal
| | - Begoña Espiña
- Water Quality Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Silvana Mattedi
- Applied Thermodynamic Laboratory for a Sustainable Science, Graduate Program on Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Rua Aristides Novis 2, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Célia de Fraga Malfatti
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Corrosão - LAPEC, Department of Metallurgy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Block 4, BLDG 43 427, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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9
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Cho CW, Pham TPT, Zhao Y, Stolte S, Yun YS. Review of the toxic effects of ionic liquids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147309. [PMID: 33975102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Interest in ionic liquids (ILs), called green or designer solvents, has been increasing because of their excellent properties such as thermal stability and low vapor pressure; thus, they can replace harmful organic chemicals and help several industrial fields e.g., energy-storage materials production and biomaterial pretreatment. However, the claim that ILs are green solvents should be carefully considered from an environmental perspective. ILs, given their minimal vapor pressure, may not directly cause atmospheric pollution. However, they have the potential to cause adverse effects if leaked into the environment, for instance if they are spilled due to human mistakes or technical errors. To estimate the risks of ILs, numerous ILs have had their toxicity assessed toward several micro- and macro-organisms over the past few decades. Since the toxic effects of ILs depend on the method of estimating toxicity, it is necessary to briefly summarize and comprehensively discuss the biological effects of ILs according to their structure and toxicity testing levels. This can help simplify our understanding of the toxicity of ILs. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the key findings of toxicological information of ILs, collect some toxicity data of ILs to different species, and explain the influence of IL structure on their toxic properties. In the discussion, we estimated two different sensitivity values of toxicity testing levels depending on the experiment condition, which are theoretical magnitudes of the inherent sensitivity of toxicity testing levels in various conditions and their changes in biological response according to the change in IL structure. Finally, some perspectives, future research directions, and limitations to toxicological research of ILs, presented so far, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Thi Phuong Thuy Pham
- Faculty of Biotechnology, HoChiMihn University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Hydrosciences, Institute of Water Chemistry, Bergstraße 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yeoung-Sang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea.
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Azevedo AMO, Vilaranda AG, Neves AFDC, Sousa MJ, Santos JLM, Saraiva MLMFS. Development of an automated yeast-based spectrophotometric method for toxicity screening: Application to ionic liquids, GUMBOS, and deep eutectic solvents. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130227. [PMID: 33794429 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a eukaryotic model organism for studying the toxic effects of various compounds. In this context, an automated spectrophotometric method based on the enzymatic reduction of methylene blue dye to a colorless product by living yeast cells was implemented in a sequential injection analysis system. Loss of yeast viability/impaired metabolic activity was monitored by an increase in optical density at 664 nm. To prove the usefulness of this approach, the toxicity of ILs (ionic liquids), GUMBOS (group of uniform materials based on organic salts), and DESs (deep eutectic solvents) was examined. Differences obtained between IC50 values confirmed the impact of structural elements on each compounds' toxicity. While DESs appeared to be less toxic than ILs, GUMBOS were found to be among the most toxic compounds to yeast cells and thus can be viewed as promising antimicrobial candidates. The automated methodology showed satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility (RSD < 9%), which is in good agreement with Green Chemistry principles. In fact, the method required consumption of only 40 μL of reagents and produced less than 2 mL of effluents per cycle. Thus, the developed assay can be used as an alternative tool for toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M O Azevedo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André G Vilaranda
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana F D C Neves
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- CBMA, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João L M Santos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Magina S, Barros-Timmons A, Ventura SPM, Evtuguin DV. Evaluating the hazardous impact of ionic liquids - Challenges and opportunities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125215. [PMID: 33951860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), being related to the design of new environmentally friendly solvents, are widely considered for applications within the "green chemistry" concept. Due to their unique properties and wide diversity, ILs allow tailoring new separation procedures and producing new materials for advanced applications. However, despite the promising technical performance, environmental concerns highlighted in recent studies focused on the toxicity and biodegradability of ILs and their metabolites have revealed that ILs safety labels are not as benign as previously claimed. This review refers to the fundamentals about the properties and applications of ILs also in the context of their potential environmental effect. Toxicological issues and harmful effects related to the use of ILs are discussed, including the evaluation of their biodegradability and ecological impact on diverse organisms and ecosystems, also with respect to bacteria, fungi, and cell cultures. In addition, this review covers the tools used to assess the toxicity of ILs, including the predictive computational models and the results of studies involving cell membrane models and molecular simulations. Summing up the knowledge available so far, there are still no reliable criteria for unequivocal attribution of toxicity and environmental impact credentials for ILs, which is a challenging research task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Magina
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros-Timmons
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal.
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12
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Taheri M, Zhu R, Yu G, Lei Z. Ionic liquid screening for CO2 capture and H2S removal from gases: The syngas purification case. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bromberger B, Sommer J, Robben C, Trautner C, Kalb R, Rossmanith P, Mester PJ. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of pyrithione-based ionic liquids. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Discovering Low Toxicity Ionic Liquids for Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Using the Agar Well Diffusion Test. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are new solvents widely used in many technologies due to their unique and advantageous physicochemical properties. In biotechnological applications, ILs can be used along with microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Due to the enormous number of ILs that can be synthesized through the combination of different anions and cations, it is necessary to have an easy and quick tool for the preliminary screening of their biocompatibility for being used in biotechnological applications. In this work, the agar well diffusion test was successfully applied as a rapid method to identify toxic/nontoxic ILs toward S. cerevisiae. Sixty-three ILs containing a diverse set of cations and anions were used. Through this methodology, nine fully biocompatible ILs toward S. cerevisiae were identified, including: [Bmim+] [NO3−], [HOPmim+] [NO3−], [Bmim+] [NTf2−], [N8,8,8,1+] [NTf2−], [S2,2,2+] [NTf2−], [EMPyr+] [NTf2−], [BMPi+] [NTf2−], [Moxa+] [MeSO4−] and [Chol+] [H2PO4−]. The analysis of the results also provides preliminary rules to enable the design of biocompatible ILs with S. cerevisiae. In this context, the toxicity was mainly determined by the cation nature although some anions can also display a strong influence on the IL biocompatibility as the bistriflimide anion. Besides, it was observed that an increase in the alkyl chain length of cations, such as imidazolium or pyridinium, involves an increase in the IL toxicity.
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Tether AL, Laverty G, Puga AV, Seddon KR, Gilmore BF, Kelly SA. High-throughput toxicity screening of novel azepanium and 3-methylpiperidinium ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22864-22870. [PMID: 35520299 PMCID: PMC9054695 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03107k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been employed as potentially environmentally friendly replacements for harmful organic solvents, but have also been studied for their use in bioelectrochemical applications, such as in microbial electrochemistry for bioenergy production, or in industrial biocatalysis. For these processes, low microbial toxicity is important and there is a growing need for microbial toxicology studies for novel ILs. In this study, we report initial toxicity data for novel ILs, based on azepanium and 3-methylpiperidinium cations. Agar disc diffusion assays are used, along with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determinations, to obtain rapid and inexpensive initial toxicity data for these novel ILs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Many of the novel ILs characterised possess low microbial toxicity relative to well-studied ILs, highlighting their potential for further study in applications where this is a desirable property. Ionic liquids have been employed as potentially environmentally friendly replacements for organic solvents, but have also been studied for their use in bioelectrochemical applications, such as bioenergy production, or in industrial biocatalysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Tether
- The QUILL Research Centre
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
| | - Garry Laverty
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group
- School of Pharmacy
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
| | - Alberto V. Puga
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Kenneth R. Seddon
- The QUILL Research Centre
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
| | - Brendan F. Gilmore
- The Biofilm Research Group
- School of Pharmacy
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
| | - Stephen A. Kelly
- The Biofilm Research Group
- School of Pharmacy
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
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16
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Eco-friendly conductive polymer-based nanocomposites, BiVO4/graphene oxide/polyaniline for excellent photocatalytic performance. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Husson E, Hulin L, Hadad C, Boughanmi C, Stevanovic T, Sarazin C. Acidic Ionic Liquid as Both Solvent and Catalyst for Fast Chemical Esterification of Industrial Lignins: Performances and Regioselectivity. Front Chem 2019; 7:578. [PMID: 31475140 PMCID: PMC6705185 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin can be considered an essential under-exploited polymer from lignocellulosic biomass representing a key for a profitable biorefinery. One method of lignin valorization could be the improvement of physico-chemical properties by esterification to enhance miscibility in apolar polyolefin matrices, thereby helping the production of bio-based composites. The present work describes for the first time a succeeded chemical esterification of industrial lignins with maleic anhydride in an acidic ionic liquid: 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulfate without additional catalyst. This efficient strategy was applied to four industrial lignins: two softwood Kraft lignins (Indulin AT, Wayagamack), one hardwood Kraft lignin (Windsor), and one softwood organosolv lignin (Lignol), distinct in origin, extraction process and thus chemical structure. The chemical, structural, and thermal properties of modified lignins were characterized by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analyses, then compared to those of unmodified lignins. After 4 h of reaction, between 30 to 52% of the constitutive hydroxyls were esterified depending on the type of lignin sample. The regioselectivity of the reaction was demonstrated to be preferentially orientated toward aliphatic hydroxyls for three out of four lignins (66.6, 65.5, and 83.6% for Indulin AT, Windsor and Lignol, respectively, vs. 51.7% for Wayagamack). The origin and the extraction process of the polymer would thus influence the efficiency and the regioselectivity of this reaction. Finally, we demonstrated that the covalent grafting of maleyl chain on lignins did not significantly affect thermal stability and increased significantly the solubility in polar and protic solvent probably due to additional exposed carboxylic groups resulted from mono-acylation independently of H/G/S ratio. Blending with polyolefins could then be considered in regard of compatibility with the obtained physico-chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Husson
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Lise Hulin
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Caroline Hadad
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, UMR CNRS 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Chaima Boughanmi
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Tatjana Stevanovic
- Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Renouvelables, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Sarazin
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Mustahil NA, Baharuddin SH, Abdullah AA, Reddy AVB, Abdul Mutalib MI, Moniruzzaman M. Synthesis, characterization, ecotoxicity and biodegradability evaluations of novel biocompatible surface active lauroyl sarcosinate ionic liquids. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:349-357. [PMID: 31078892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) based surfactants have been emerged as attractive alternatives to the conventional surfactants owing to their tailor-made and eco-friendly properties. Therefore, present study described the synthesis of nine new fatty amino acids based IL surfactants utilizing lauroyl sarcosinate anion and pyrrolidinium, imidazolium, pyridinium, piperidinium, morpholinium and cholinium cations for the first time. The synthesized surface active lauroyl sarcosinate ionic liquids (SALSILs) were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and TGA. Next, the surface tension and critical micellar concentrations were determined and compared with the surface properties of ILs based surfactants. Further, the toxicity and biodegradability of the synthesized SALSIILs were evaluated to confirm their safe and efficient process applications. The studies revealed that three out of nine synthesized SALSILs containing pyridinium cation have showed strong activity towards the tested microbial growth. The remaining six SALSILs met the biocompatible measures demonstrating moderate to low activity depends on the tested microbes. The alicyclic SALSILs containing morpholinium and piperidinium cations have demonstrated 100% biodegradation after 28 days of the test period. Overall, it is believed that the synthesized SALSILs could effectively replace the conventional surfactants in a wide variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorul Adawiyah Mustahil
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hawatulaila Baharuddin
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Atikah Aini Abdullah
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohamed Ibrahim Abdul Mutalib
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
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Thamke VR, Chaudhari AU, Tapase SR, Paul D, Kodam KM. In vitro toxicological evaluation of ionic liquids and development of effective bioremediation process for their removal. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:567-577. [PMID: 31026705 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the cyto-genotoxicological impact of ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, trihexyl tetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride, on animal cells and their biodegradation. The long alkyl chain containing ionic liquids were found to be more toxic whereas benzene functional group in benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride enhances its toxicity. Aerobic bacterial granules, a bacterial consortium, were developed that have promising ability to break down these organic pollutants. These aerobic bacterial granules have been applied for the biodegradation of ionic liquids. The biological oxygen demand (5 days) and chemical oxygen demand parameters confirmed that the biodegradation was solely due to aerobic bacterial granules which further decreased the time period needed for regular biodegradation by biological oxygen demand (28 days). The high resolution mass spectrometry analysis further approved that the degradation of ionic liquids was mainly via removal of the methyl group. Elevated N-demethylase enzyme activity supports the ionic liquids degradation which may be occurring through demethylation mechanism. The amplicon sequencing of aerobic bacterial granules gives insight into the involvement of the bacterial community in the biodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viresh R Thamke
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ashvini U Chaudhari
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Savita R Tapase
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Dhiraj Paul
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411021, India
| | - Kisan M Kodam
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Sari IP, Simarani K. Comparative static and shaking culture of metabolite derived from methyl red degradation by Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain W1B6. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190152. [PMID: 31417722 PMCID: PMC6689638 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the comparative characteristics and properties of the metabolites derived from methyl red (MR) decolorization by Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain W1B6 under static and shaking conditions. A batch culture system was used to investigate the effect of aeration on azoreductase activity in the biodegradation process, transformation of colour removal and the metabolite products. Biodegradation analysis was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography while metabolites were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Phytotoxicity and anti-microbial tests were also conducted to detect the toxicity of metabolites. The results showed that this strain grew more rapidly under shaking conditions while azoreductase activity increased more rapidly under static conditions. Despite that, no significant difference in the decolorization was observed under both static and shaking conditions with up to 96% and 93.6% decolorization achieved, respectively, within 4 h of incubation. MR was degraded into two fragmented compounds, i.e. 2-aminobenzoic acid and N,N-dimethyl-1.4-benzenediamine. The concentration of 2-amino benzoic acid was higher under static conditions resulting the biotransformation of 2-amino benzoic acid into methyl anthranilate more rapidly under static conditions. Other metabolites were also detected as intermediate biotransformation products and by-products. Less or no toxic effect was found in the metabolite degradation products under both culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khanom Simarani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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21
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Zhao J, Biswas MRUD, Oh WC. A novel BiVO 4-GO-TiO 2-PANI composite for upgraded photocatalytic performance under visible light and its non-toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11888-11904. [PMID: 30820919 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel non-toxic hybrid BiVO4-GO-TiO2-polyaniline (PANI) (BVGT-PANI) composite with superior photocatalysis was successfully prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal reaction. The structural and morphological characterizations of the synthesized compounds were analyzed by a series of techniques. We found excellent photocatalytic efficiencies for methylene blue (MB) and phenol degradation under visible light irradiation after adhering the PANI to the photocatalyst. The degradation rates of MB and phenol reach up to approximately 85% and 80%, respectively, after 3 h of irradiation. For photodegradation MB, BVGTA exhibit the highest kapp rate constant of about 1.06 × 10-2 min-1, which is about 1.63-fold faster than BVG and 2.94-fold faster than BVGT. For photodegradation of phenol, BVGTA exhibits the highest kapp rate constant, of about 8.86 × 10-3min-1, which is about 1.2-fold faster than BVG and 1.96-fold faster than BVGT. Furthermore, vitro toxicity test against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated that the nanophotocatalyst is non-toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Md Rokon Ud Dowla Biswas
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si, Chungnam, 356-706, South Korea
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si, Chungnam, 356-706, South Korea.
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22
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Wu S, Li F, Zeng L, Wang C, Yang Y, Tan Z. Assessment of the toxicity and biodegradation of amino acid-based ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10100-10108. [PMID: 35520906 PMCID: PMC9062378 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06929h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid-based ionic liquids (AAILs) are generally thought of as green solvents and widely used in many regions without systematic assessment of their effect on the environment or human health. In this work, a series of AAILs with different cations and amino acid anions were prepared and characterized, after which their microbial toxicity, phytotoxicity, and biodegradability were evaluated. The results showed that not all AAILs had low toxicity against microorganisms and that some AAILs were highly toxic towards the targeted microorganisms. The phytotoxic effect of the AAILs on rice (Oryza sativa L.) further demonstrated that AAILs should not be presumed to be non-toxic to plants. Moreover, the biodegradability tests showed that majority of AAILs were not satisfactorily biodegradable. In summary, not all AAILs are non-toxic or biodegradable, and their effect on the environment and human health must be assessed before their mass preparation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanggen Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Fenfang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Liangbin Zeng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 China
| | - Chaoyun Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 China
| | - Yuanru Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 China
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 China
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de C.M. Miranda R, Neta JV, Romanholo Ferreira LF, Gomes WA, do Nascimento CS, de B. Gomes E, Mattedi S, Soares CM, Lima ÁS. Pineapple crown delignification using low-cost ionic liquid based on ethanolamine and organic acids. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:302-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Eng T, Demling P, Herbert RA, Chen Y, Benites V, Martin J, Lipzen A, Baidoo EEK, Blank LM, Petzold CJ, Mukhopadhyay A. Restoration of biofuel production levels and increased tolerance under ionic liquid stress is enabled by a mutation in the essential Escherichia coli gene cydC. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:159. [PMID: 30296937 PMCID: PMC6174563 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial production of chemicals from renewable carbon sources enables a sustainable route to many bioproducts. Sugar streams, such as those derived from biomass pretreated with ionic liquids (IL), provide efficiently derived and cost-competitive starting materials. A limitation to this approach is that residual ILs in the pretreated sugar source can be inhibitory to microbial growth and impair expression of the desired biosynthetic pathway. RESULTS We utilized laboratory evolution to select Escherichia coli strains capable of robust growth in the presence of the IL, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidizolium acetate ([EMIM]OAc). Whole genome sequencing of the evolved strain identified a point mutation in an essential gene, cydC, which confers tolerance to two different classes of ILs at concentrations that are otherwise growth inhibitory. This mutation, cydC-D86G, fully restores the specific production of the bio-jet fuel candidate D-limonene, as well as the biogasoline and platform chemical isopentenol, in growth medium containing ILs. Similar amino acids at this position in cydC, such as cydC-D86V, also confer tolerance to [EMIM]OAc. We show that this [EMIM]OAc tolerance phenotype of cydC-D86G strains is independent of its wild-type function in activating the cytochrome bd-I respiratory complex. Using shotgun proteomics, we characterized the underlying differential cellular responses altered in this mutant. While wild-type E. coli cannot produce detectable amounts of either product in the presence of ILs at levels expected to be residual in sugars from pretreated biomass, the engineered cydC-D86G strains produce over 200 mg/L D-limonene and 350 mg/L isopentenol, which are among the highest reported titers in the presence of [EMIM]OAc. CONCLUSIONS The optimized strains in this study produce high titers of two candidate biofuels and bioproducts under IL stress. Both sets of production strains surpass production titers from other IL tolerant mutants in the literature. Our application of laboratory evolution identified a gain of function mutation in an essential gene, which is unusual in comparison to other published IL tolerant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eng
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Philipp Demling
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Robin A. Herbert
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Veronica Benites
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Joel Martin
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Walnut Creek, 94598 USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Walnut Creek, 94598 USA
| | - Edward E. K. Baidoo
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Lars M. Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Petzold
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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25
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Pereira JL, Vidal T, Gonçalves FJM, Gabriel RG, Costa R, Rasteiro MG. Is the aquatic toxicity of cationic polyelectrolytes predictable from selected physical properties? CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:145-153. [PMID: 29567612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cationic acrylamide-based polyelectrolytes (cPAM) are widely used in industry. They can be designed for optimal performance in a specific application, but this opportunity means the environmental safety of all different alternatives needs to be addressed. Both the inclusion of environmental toxicity as a design variable and the establishment of relationships between structure and ecotoxicity are thus current challenges. The aim of this study was to assess whether structural variables such as molecular weight, charge density and the integrative intrinsic viscosity parameter can be used to predict the environmental safety of cPAMs, as well as if these relationships are stable when the biological models change. Five cPAMs comprising molecular weight and charge density gradients were tested against bacteria, microalgae, macrophytes and daphnids. While correlations were found between physical properties of cPAMs as expected, no clear ecotoxicity patterns could be identified. All cPAMs can be classified as harmful to aquatic life on the basis of the responses elicited in the most sensitive organisms, microalgae and daphnids. Unicellular bacteria were the least sensitive eco-receptors possibly due to cell wall structure or the protective effect of the ionic strength of the test medium. The macrophytes were also tolerant to cPAMs exposure, which may be related to exposure avoidance mechanisms. The order of toxicity of cPAMs depended on the test organism, preventing the establishment of stable structure-ecotoxicity relationships. Therefore, the study leads to the overall generalist recommendation of relying on the most sensitively responding test organisms when developing new (eco)safe-by-design cPAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Luísa Pereira
- Department of Biology, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Vidal
- Department of Biology, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Garrido Gabriel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Research Centre for Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products, 3030-7909 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Research Centre for Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products, 3030-7909 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Rasteiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Research Centre for Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products, 3030-7909 Coimbra, Portugal
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Xia Y, Liu D, Dong Y, Chen J, Liu H. Effect of ionic liquids with different cations and anions on photosystem and cell structure of Scenedesmus obliquus. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:437-447. [PMID: 29274989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the production and practical application of ionic liquids (ILs) could pose potential threats to aquatic systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of four ILs with different cations and anions, including 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([HMIM]NO3), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([HMIM]Cl), N-hexyl-3-metylpyridinium chloride ([HMPy]Cl), and N-hexyl-3-metylpyridinium bromide ([HMPy]Br), on photosystem and cellular structure of Scenedesmus obliquus. The results indicated that ILs are phytotoxic to S. obliquus. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll decreased with increasing ILs concentrations. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of photosynthetic system II (PSII), including minimal fluorescence yield (F0), potential efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fo), maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), yield of photochemical quantum [Y(II)], and non-photochemical quenching coefficient without measuring F0' (NPQ), were all affected. This indicates that ILs could damage PSII, inhibit the primary reaction of photosynthesis, interdict the process of electron-transfer and lead to loss of heat-dissipating ability. ILs also increased cell membrane permeability of S. obliquus, influenced the cellular ultrastructure, changed the morphology of algae cells and destroyed the cell wall, cell membrane and organelles. The results indicated that imidazolium ILs had greater effect than pyridinium ILs, NO3--IL and Br--IL had greater effect than Cl--IL. To minimize threats to the environment, the structure of ILs should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Dingdong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jiazheng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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Ghanem OB, Shah SN, Lévêque JM, Mutalib MIA, El-Harbawi M, Khan AS, Alnarabiji MS, Al-Absi HRH, Ullah Z. Study of the antimicrobial activity of cyclic cation-based ionic liquids via experimental and group contribution QSAR model. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:21-28. [PMID: 29248749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, Ionic liquids (ILs) have gained considerable attention from the scientific community in reason of their versatility and performance in many fields. However, they nowadays remain mainly for laboratory scale use. The main barrier hampering their use in a larger scale is their questionable ecological toxicity. This study investigated the effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic cyclic cation-based ILs against four pathogenic bacteria that infect humans. For that, cations, either of aromatic character (imidazolium or pyridinium) or of non-aromatic nature, (pyrrolidinium or piperidinium), were selected with different alkyl chain lengths and combined with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic anionic moieties. The results clearly demonstrated that introducing of hydrophobic anion namely bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide, [NTF2] and the elongation of the cations substitutions dramatically affect ILs toxicity behaviour. The established toxicity data [50% effective concentration (EC50)] along with similar endpoint collected from previous work against Aeromonas hydrophila were combined to developed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model for toxicity prediction. The model was developed and validated in the light of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines strategy, producing good correlation coefficient R2 of 0.904 and small mean square error (MSE) of 0.095. The reliability of the QSAR model was further determined using k-fold cross validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouahid Ben Ghanem
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak Malaysia.
| | - Syed Nasir Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - M I Abdul Mutalib
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak Malaysia
| | - Mohanad El-Harbawi
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Sada Khan
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohamad Sahban Alnarabiji
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak Malaysia
| | - Hamada R H Al-Absi
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Zahoor Ullah
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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28
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Dotsenko AS, Dotsenko GS, Senko OV, Stepanov NA, Lyagin IV, Efremenko EN, Gusakov AV, Zorov IN, Rubtsova EA. Complex effect of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid on various aspects of ethanol and fumaric acid production by immobilized cells within SSF. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:429-438. [PMID: 29195155 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pretreatment of softwood and hardwood samples (spruce and hornbeam wood) with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) was undertaken for further simultaneous enzymatic saccharification of renewable non-food lignocellulosic biomass and microbial fermentation of obtained sugars to ethanol and fumaric acid. A multienzyme cocktail based on cellulases and yeast or fungus cells producing ethanol and fumaric acid were the main objects of [Bmim]Cl influence studies. A complex effect of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment with [Bmim]Cl on various aspects of the process (both action of cellulases and microbial conversion of hydrolysates to target products) was revealed. Positive effects of the pretreatment with [Bmim]Cl included decreasing the lignin content in the biomass, and increasing the effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial transformation of pretreated biomass. Immobilized cells of both yeasts and fungi possessed improved productive characteristics in the biotransformation of biomass pretreated with [Bmim]Cl to ethanol and fumaric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Dotsenko
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Gleb S Dotsenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga V Senko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Stepanov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya V Lyagin
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena N Efremenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V Gusakov
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan N Zorov
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Rubtsova
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
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Weyhing-Zerrer N, Kalb R, Oßmer R, Rossmanith P, Mester P. Evidence of a reverse side-chain effect of tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [FAP]-based ionic liquids against pathogenic bacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:467-472. [PMID: 29102907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased interest in ionic liquids (ILs) is due to their designable and tunable unique physicochemical properties, which are utilized for a wide variety of chemical and biotechnological applications. ILs containing the tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([FAP]) anion have been shown to have excellent hydrolytic, electrochemical and thermal stability and have been successfully used in various applications. In the present study the influence of the cation on the toxicity of the [FAP] anion was investigated. Due to the properties of [FAP] ILs, the IL-toxicity of seven cations with [FAP] compared to [Cl] was examined by determination of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) on six Gram-positive and six Gram-negative clinically-relevant bacteria. For the first time, to our knowledge, the results provide evidence for a decrease in toxicity with increasing alkyl side-chain length, indicating that the combination of both ions is responsible for this 'reverse side-chain effect'. These findings could portend development of new non-toxic ILs as green alternatives to conventional organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Kalb
- Proionic GmbH, Parkring 18, 8074 Grambach, Austria
| | - Rolf Oßmer
- Merck KGaA, Life Science, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Rossmanith
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Mester
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Environmental Concerns Regarding Ionic Liquids in Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 168:241-328. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Thamke VR, Tapase SR, Kodam KM. Evaluation of risk assessment of new industrial pollutant, ionic liquids on environmental living systems. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 125:237-248. [PMID: 28865373 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are much known for their promising alternative for volatile solvents in industries and gained popularity as a greener solvent, however industrial effluent discharge containing ILs are also increasing. There is a scarcity of information on the toxicity of ILs; the present study will explore different facts about their harmfulness. The toxic effects of five different ILs: [C4MIM]Br, [Hx3PC14]N(CN)2, [C10MIM]BF4, [BTDA]Cl and [C4MPY]Cl were analysed on bacteria, fungi, plant and animal cells. Both Gram positive and negative bacteria were found to be more susceptible to [C10MIM]BF4 and [BTDA]Cl than [C4MIM]Br, [Hx3PC14]N(CN)2 and [C4MPY]Cl, whereas fungi revealed quite a resistance to all ILs. All ILs were toxic towards Triticum aestivum affecting their roots and shoots, however [C10MIM]BF4 and [BTDA]Cl were more toxic amongst them. Studies on Allium cepa described their toxic behaviour at the genetic level by altering cell division and nuclear material. Furthermore, studies on human red blood cells described by % haemolysis in which [Hx3PC14]N(CN)2 and [BTDA]Cl exhibited higher toxicity at very lower concentrations. While the genotoxic effect on blood lymphocytes exerted by [Hx3PC14]N(CN)2, [C10MIM]BF4 and [BTDA]Cl confirmed their toxic effects on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viresh R Thamke
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Savita R Tapase
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kisan M Kodam
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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32
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Ostadjoo S, Berton P, Shamshina JL, Rogers RD. Scaling-Up Ionic Liquid-Based Technologies: How Much Do We Care About Their Toxicity? Prima Facie Information on 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate. Toxicol Sci 2017; 161:249-265. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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33
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New palladium (II) complexes with Thiophene and furan bridged N -Acylbenzotriazole ligands: Synthesis, characterization and hydrogenation activity in ionic liquid. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Costa SPF, Azevedo AMO, Pinto PCAG, Saraiva MLMFS. Environmental Impact of Ionic Liquids: Recent Advances in (Eco)toxicology and (Bio)degradability. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2321-2347. [PMID: 28394478 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This Review aims to integrate the most recent and pertinent data available on the (bio)degradability and toxicity of ionic liquids for global and critical analysis and on the conscious use of these compounds on a large scale thereafter. The integrated data will enable focus on the recognition of toxicophores and on the way the community has been dealing with them, with the aim to obtain greener and safer ionic liquids. Also, an update of the most recent biotic and abiotic methods developed to overcome some of these challenging issues will be presented. The review structure aims to present a potential sequence of events that can occur upon discharging ionic liquids into the environment and the potential long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P F Costa
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M O Azevedo
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula C A G Pinto
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- A3D-Association for Drug Discovery and Development, Rua do Baixeiro n° 38, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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35
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Perez CJ, Tata A, de Campos ML, Peng C, Ifa DR. Monitoring Toxic Ionic Liquids in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) with Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (DESI-MSI). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1136-1148. [PMID: 27778241 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry imaging has become an increasingly powerful technique for the direct analysis of biological tissues in the open environment with minimal sample preparation and fast analysis times. In this study, we introduce desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) as a novel, rapid, and sensitive approach to localize the accumulation of a mildly toxic ionic liquid (IL), AMMOENG 130 in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The work demonstrates that DESI-MSI has the potential to rapidly monitor the accumulation of IL pollutants in aquatic organisms. AMMOENG 130 is a quaternary ammonium-based IL reported to be broadly used as a surfactant in commercialized detergents. It is known to exhibit acute toxicity to zebrafish causing extensive damage to gill secondary lamellae and increasing membrane permeability. Zebrafish were exposed to the IL in a static 96-h exposure study in concentrations near the LC50 of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/L. DESI-MS analysis of zebrafish gills demonstrated the appearance of a dealkylated AMMOENG 130 metabolite in the lowest concentration of exposure identified by a high resolution hybrid LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer as the trimethylstearylammonium ion, [C21H46N]+. With DESI-MSI, the accumulation of AMMOENG 130 and its dealkylated metabolite in zebrafish tissue was found in the nervous and respiratory systems. AMMOENG 130 and the metabolite were capable of penetrating the blood brain barrier of the fish with significant accumulation in the brain. Hence, we report for the first time the simultaneous characterization, distribution, and metabolism of a toxic IL in whole body zebrafish analyzed by DESI-MSI. This ambient mass spectrometry imaging technique shows great promise for the direct analysis of biological tissues to qualitatively monitor foreign, toxic, and persistent compounds in aquatic organisms from the environment. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo J Perez
- Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alessandra Tata
- Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel L de Campos
- Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Demian R Ifa
- Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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36
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Weyhing-Zerrer N, Gundolf T, Kalb R, Oßmer R, Rossmanith P, Mester P. Predictability of ionic liquid toxicity from a SAR study on different systematic levels of pathogenic bacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:394-403. [PMID: 28189781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), a new class of solvents with unique and tunable physicochemical properties, were initially envisioned as working alternatives to traditional organic solvents. However, they have now proven to have a wide range of alternative chemical and biochemical applications. Due to their increasing use, environmental and toxicity concerns are growing, but resolutions are hindered by the sheer number of possible variants. In order to assess and possibly predict IL-toxicity, a structure-activity relationship (SAR) approach was adopted using defined structural motifs. These included varied cationic alkyl side-chain lengths, cation lipophilicity and diverse anion effects. The predictive powers of such SARs in respect of antibacterial effects were compared using a total of 28 ILs on six Gram-negative and six Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. Endpoints were minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). Results indicate that while certain limited IL-toxicity responses in bacteria can be predicted from SARs, they caution that predictions cannot be generalized across species. This study demonstrates the complex species-specific nature of IL-toxicity and the current limitations of SAR predictability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Gundolf
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Kalb
- Proionic GmbH, Parkring 18, 8074 Grambach, Austria
| | - Rolf Oßmer
- Merck KGaA, Life Science, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Rossmanith
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Mester
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Egorova KS, Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Biological Activity of Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Pharmaceutics and Medicine. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7132-7189. [PMID: 28125212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 892] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are remarkable chemical compounds, which find applications in many areas of modern science. Because of their highly tunable nature and exceptional properties, ionic liquids have become essential players in the fields of synthesis and catalysis, extraction, electrochemistry, analytics, biotechnology, etc. Apart from physical and chemical features of ionic liquids, their high biological activity has been attracting significant attention from biochemists, ecologists, and medical scientists. This Review is dedicated to biological activities of ionic liquids, with a special emphasis on their potential employment in pharmaceutics and medicine. The accumulated data on the biological activity of ionic liquids, including their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, are discussed in view of possible applications in drug synthesis and drug delivery systems. Dedicated attention is given to a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient-ionic liquid (API-IL) concept, which suggests using traditional drugs in the form of ionic liquid species. The main aim of this Review is to attract a broad audience of chemical, biological, and medical scientists to study advantages of ionic liquid pharmaceutics. Overall, the discussed data highlight the importance of the research direction defined as "Ioliomics", studies of ions in liquids in modern chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University , Stary Petergof 198504, Russia
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38
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van Osch DJGP, Kollau LJBM, van den Bruinhorst A, Asikainen S, Rocha MAA, Kroon MC. Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for lignocellulosic biomass fractionation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:2636-2665. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
State of the art overview of the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannie J. G. P. van Osch
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. B. M. Kollau
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan van den Bruinhorst
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Marisa A. A. Rocha
- Separation Technology Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Maaike C. Kroon
- Separation Technology Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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Deng XY, Hu XL, Cheng J, Ma ZX, Gao K. Growth inhibition and oxidative stress induced by 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide on the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 132:170-177. [PMID: 27318558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine diatom Skeletonema costatum is an important prey in the marine food web and is often used as a standard test organism in ecotoxicological studies. In this study, in vivo experiments were performed to analyze the effects of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) on the growth, photosynthetic activity, and oxidative stress in S. costatum using 96h growth tests with a batch-culture system. The growth of S. costatum was significantly inhibited by [C8mim]Br with 48 and 96h-EC50 of 17.9 and 39.9mgL(-1), respectively. The maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and the light use efficiency (α) were inhibited by [C8mim]Br, which affected the growth of S. costatum. Subsequent biochemical assays in S. costatum revealed that [C8mim]Br induced changes of Chl a content, soluble protein content, and SOD activity, which had significant increases in low [C8mim]Br treatments (≤20mgL(-1)), but decreased in high [C8mim]Br exposures (≥40mgL(-1)). The increase of SOD activity at low concentrations (≤20mgL(-1)) may be considered as an active defense of S. costatum against [C8mim]Br stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching. In addition, [C8mim]Br increased ROS level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in S. costatum, suggesting that the physiological effects of [C8mim]Br are resulted from ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yuan Deng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Hu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Kun Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
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40
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Zhu CJ, Peng Y, Tong ZH, Lu LY, Cui YH, Yu HQ. Hormetic effect and mechanism of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 157:65-70. [PMID: 27209554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans assay system to investigate in hormetic effects of imidazolium-based bromide Ionic Liquids (ILs) and explored the possible underlying mechanism. Firstly, C. elegans was treated with ILs with different alkyl chain lengths at different concentrations. We found that exposure to ILs at 0.01 mg/L extended the mean lifespan of C. elegans and the ILs with longer alkyl chain showed more obvious effects. To investigate the possible mechanism, the nematodes were exposed to the three ILs at 0.01 mg/L for 2, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans increased significantly when treated for 2 days and then declined gradually compared to those of respective controls as time went on. After exposure for 11 days, the ROS levels and liposuscin accumulation were significantly lower in the treated groups than those of control group. Meanwhile, the expression of aging-related genes sod-5 and daf-16 were both massively up-regulated for the three ILs examined. Our results show that low concentration of ILs exert hormetic effect on C. elegans. ROS generation and expression of aging-related genes may play important roles in the IL-induced hormetic effect on C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jie Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yong Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Li-Ya Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yin-Hua Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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41
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Cho CW, Park JS, Stolte S, Yun YS. Modelling for antimicrobial activities of ionic liquids towards Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using linear free energy relationship descriptors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 311:168-175. [PMID: 26974242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To predict antimicrobial activities i.e., minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal biocidal concentration (MBC) for ionic liquids (ILs) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, six quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed using linear free energy relationship (LFER) descriptors calculated by density functional theory and conductor screening model. The LFER descriptors are excess molar refraction, dipolarity/polarizability, H-bonding acidity, H-bonding basicity, McGowan volume, cationic interaction, and anionic interaction. By excluding some descriptors with ignorable contributions to training set, components of the QSAR models were simplified. Their estimated predictabilities were in R(2)=0.900, standard error (SE; in log unit of μM)=0.430 for log 1/MIC of E. coli, R(2)=0.934, SE=0.370 for log 1/MBC of E. coli, R(2)=0.910, SE=0.470 for log 1/MIC of S. aureus, R(2)=0.947, SE=0.350 for log 1/MBC of S. aureus, R(2)=0.892, SE=0.362 for log 1/MIC of C. albicans and R(2)=0.803, SE=0.233 for log 1/MBC of C. albicans. Then, except for log 1/MBC of C. albicans due to lack of data points, the models were validated by comparing between observed and calculated values of test set; its checked correlations were all within R(2) of 0.921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul.Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Yeoung-Sang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Garcia-Segura S, Lima ÁS, Cavalcanti EB, Brillas E. Anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton degradations of pyridinium- and imidazolium-based ionic liquids in waters using a BDD/air-diffusion cell. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Paluch AS, Lourenço TC, Han F, Costa LT. Understanding the Solubility of Acetaminophen in 1-n-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Using Molecular Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3360-9. [PMID: 26974037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During the manufacturing of pharmaceutical compounds, solvent mixtures are commonly used, where the addition of a cosolvent allows for the tuning of the intermolecular interactions present in the system. Here we demonstrate how a similar effect can be accomplished using a room temperature ionic liquid. The pharmaceutical compound acetaminophen is studied in 21 common ionic liquids composed of a 1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with 1 of 7 anions. Using the acetate anion, we predict a large enhancement in solubility of acetaminophen relative to water. We show how this is caused by a synergistic effect of favorable interactions between the ionic liquid and the phenyl, hydroxyl and amide groups of acetaminophen, demonstrating how the ionic liquid cation and anion may be chosen to preferentially solvate different functional groups of complex pharmaceutical compounds. Additionally, while the use of charge scaling in ionic liquid force fields has previously been found to have a minute effect on ionic liquid structural properties, we find it appreciably affects the computed solvation free energy of acetaminophen, which in turn affects the predicted solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Paluch
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Tuanan C Lourenço
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense , Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n CEP: 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fenglin Han
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Luciano T Costa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense , Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n CEP: 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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44
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Oliveira MVS, Vidal BT, Melo CM, de Miranda RDCM, Soares CMF, Coutinho JAP, Ventura SPM, Mattedi S, Lima ÁS. (Eco)toxicity and biodegradability of protic ionic liquids. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 147:460-6. [PMID: 26796340 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are often claimed to be "environmentally friendly" compounds however, the knowledge of their potential toxicity towards different organisms and trophic levels is still limited, in particular when protic ionic liquids (PILs) are addressed. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity against various microorganisms and the biodegradability of four PILs namely, N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate, m-2-HEAA; N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium propionate, m-2-HEAPr; N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium butyrate, m-2-HEAB; and N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium pentanoate, m-2-HEAP. The antimicrobial activity was determined against the two bacteria, Sthaplylococcus aureus ATCC-6533 and Escherichia coli CCT-0355; the yeast Candida albicans ATCC-76645; and the fungi Fusarium sp. LM03. The toxicity of all PILs was tested against the aquatic luminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri using the Microtox(®) test. The impact of the PILs was also studied regarding their effect on lettuce seeds (Lactuta sativa). The biodegradability of these PILs was evaluated using the ratio between the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results show that, in general, the elongation of the alkyl chain tends to increase the negative impact of the PILs towards the organisms and biological systems under study. According to these results, m-2-HEAA and m-2-HEAP are the less and most toxic PILs studied in this work, respectively. Additionally, all the PILs have demonstrated low biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V S Oliveira
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Bruna T Vidal
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Melo
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300-Prédio do ITP, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Rita de C M de Miranda
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Cleide M F Soares
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300-Prédio do ITP, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Silvana Mattedi
- UFBA, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola Politécnica, Departamento de Engenharia, Rua Aristides Novis 2, Federação, 40210-630, Salvador-BA, Brazil
| | - Álvaro S Lima
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300-Prédio do ITP, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil.
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45
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Adawiyah N, Moniruzzaman M, Hawatulaila S, Goto M. Ionic liquids as a potential tool for drug delivery systems. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00358c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industries face a series of challenges in the delivery of many newly developed drug molecules because of their low solubility, bioavailability, stability and polymorphic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorul Adawiyah
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL)
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar
- Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL)
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar
- Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar
| | - Siti Hawatulaila
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL)
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar
- Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Deaprtment of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
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46
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Amde M, Liu JF, Pang L. Environmental Application, Fate, Effects, and Concerns of Ionic Liquids: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12611-27. [PMID: 26445034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) comprise mostly of organic salts with negligible vapor pressure and low flammability that are proposed as replacements for volatile solvents. ILs have been promoted as "green" solvents and widely investigated for their various applications. Although the utility of these chemicals is unquestionable, their toxic effects have attracted great attention. In order to manage their potential hazards and design environmentally benign ILs, understanding their environmental behavior, fate and effects is important. In this review, environmentally relevant issues of ILs, including their environmental application, environmental behavior and toxicity are addressed. In addition, also presented are the influence of ILs on the environmental fate and toxicity of other coexisting contaminants, important routes for designing nontoxic ILs and the techniques that might be adopted for the removal of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Amde
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing-Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University , Hubei Province, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Long Pang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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47
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Ghanem OB, Mutalib MIA, El-Harbawi M, Gonfa G, Kait CF, Alitheen NBM, Leveque JM. Effect of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on bacterial growth inhibition investigated via experimental and QSAR modelling studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 297:198-206. [PMID: 25965417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the characteristics of solvents to fit industrial requirements has currently become a major interest in both academic and industrial communities, notably in the field of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which are considered one of the most promising green alternatives to molecular organic solvents. In this work, several sets of imidazolium-based ionic liquids were synthesized, and their toxicities were assessed towards four human pathogens bacteria to investigate how tunability can affect this characteristic. Additionally, the toxicity of particular RTILs bearing an amino acid anion was introduced in this work. EC50 values (50% effective concentration) were established, and significant variations were observed; although all studied ILs displayed an imidazolium moiety, the toxicity values were found to vary between 0.05 mM for the most toxic to 85.57 mM for the least toxic. Linear quantitative structure activity relationship models were then developed using the charge density distribution (σ-profiles) as molecular descriptors, which can yield accuracies as high as 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouahid Ben Ghanem
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - M I Abdul Mutalib
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohanad El-Harbawi
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Girma Gonfa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chong Fai Kait
- Fundamental & Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jean-Marc Leveque
- Fundamental & Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
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48
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Tsarpali V, Dailianis S. Toxicity of two imidazolium ionic liquids, [bmim][BF4] and [omim][BF4], to standard aquatic test organisms: Role of acetone in the induced toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 117:62-71. [PMID: 25839183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to investigate the toxicity of the imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), [bmim][BF4] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) and [omim][BF4] (1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate), in battery of standard aquatic toxicity test organisms. Specifically, exposure of the algae Scenedesmus rubescens, crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus and Artemia franciscana, rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus plicatilis and bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis to different concentrations of [bmim][BF4], [omim][BF4] and/or a binary mixture of [bmim][BF4]-[omim][BF4] (1:1) with or without acetone (carrier solvent), revealed that solvent can differentially mediate ILs' toxic profile. Acetone's ability to differentially affect ILs' cation's alkyl chain length, as well as the hydrolysis of [BF4(-)] anions was evident. Given that the toxic potency of the tested ILs seemed to be equal or even higher (in some cases) than those of conventional organic solvents, the present study revealed that the characterization of imidazolium-based ILs as "green solvents" should not be generalized, at least in case of their natural occurrence in mixtures with organic solvents, such as acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsarpali
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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49
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Cunha E, L. C. Passos M, Pinto PCAG, Saraiva MLMFS. Automated evaluation of the inhibition of glutathione reductase activity: application to the prediction of ionic liquids' toxicity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An automated bioassay based on glutathione reductase was developed and applied to the evaluation of the toxicity of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edite Cunha
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
| | - Marieta L. C. Passos
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
| | - Paula C. A. G. Pinto
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
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50
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E Silva FA, Siopa F, Figueiredo BFHT, Gonçalves AMM, Pereira JL, Gonçalves F, Coutinho JAP, Afonso CAM, Ventura SPM. Sustainable design for environment-friendly mono and dicationic cholinium-based ionic liquids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 108:302-310. [PMID: 25108510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholinium-based ionic liquids are receiving crescent interest in diverse areas of application given their biological compatibility and potential for industrial application. In this work, mono and dicationic cholinium ionic liquids as well as cholinium derivatives were synthesized and their toxicity assessed using the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. A range of cholinium derivatives was synthesized, using different amines and the correspondent brominated derivatives, through the alkylation of the amine with the halide in MeCN. The results indicate that their toxicity is highly dependent on the structural modifications of the cholinium cation, mainly related to the alkyl side or linkage chain length, number of hydroxyethyl groups and insertion of carbon-carbon multiple bonds. The data indicated that it is possible to perform environmentally advantageous structural alterations, namely the addition of double bonds, which would not negatively affect V. fischeri. Moreover, the dicationic compounds revealed a significantly lower toxicity than the monocationic counterparts. The picture emerging from the results supports the idea that cholinium derivatives are promising ionic liquids with a low environmental impact, emphasizing the importance of a careful and directed design of ionic liquid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca A E Silva
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Siopa
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; IMAR-Centro do Mar e Ambiente (IMAR CMA), Departamento das Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana L Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos A M Afonso
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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