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Zou W, Yu Q, Ma Y, Sun G, Feng X, Ge L. Pivotal role of heterotrimeric G protein in the crosstalk between sugar signaling and abiotic stress response in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108567. [PMID: 38554538 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are key modulators of multiple signaling and developmental pathways in plants, in which they act as molecular switches to engage in transmitting various stimuli signals from outside into the cells. Substantial studies have identified G proteins as essential components of the organismal response to abiotic stress, leading to adaptation and survival in plants. Meanwhile, sugars are also well acknowledged key players in stress perception, signaling, and gene expression regulation. Connections between the two significant signaling pathways in stress response are of interest to a general audience in plant biology. In this article, advances unraveling a pivotal role of G proteins in the process of sugar signals outside the cells being translated into the operation of autophagy in cells during stress are reviewed. In addition, we have presented recent findings on G proteins regulating the response to drought, salt, alkali, cold, heat and other abiotic stresses. Perspectives on G-protein research are also provided in the end. Since G protein signaling regulates many agronomic traits, elucidation of detailed mechanism of the related pathways would provide useful insights for the breeding of abiotic stress resistant and high-yield crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and High Quality Development of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Yellow River Basin, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Qian Yu
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yu Ma
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Guoning Sun
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xue Feng
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lei Ge
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Academician Workstation of Agricultural High-tech Industrial Area of the Yellow River Delta, National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, Shandong, 257300, China.
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Cruzado-Tafur E, Orzoł A, Gołębiowski A, Pomastowski P, Cichorek M, Olszewski J, Walczak-Skierska J, Buszewski B, Szultka-Młyńska M, Głowacka K. Metal tolerance and Cd phytoremoval ability in Pisum sativum grown in spiked nutrient solution. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:931-945. [PMID: 37676608 PMCID: PMC10587304 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In the presented study, the effects of cadmium (Cd) stress and silicon (Si) supplementation on the pea plant (Pisum sativum L.) were investigated. The tendency to accumulate cadmium in the relevant morphological parts of the plant (roots and shoots respectively)-bioaccumulation, the transfer of this element in the plant (translocation) and the physiological parameters of the plant through indicators of oxidative stress were determined. Model studies were carried out at pH values 6.0 and 5.0 plant growth conditions in the hydroponic cultivation. It was shown that Cd accumulates mostly in plant roots at both pH levels. However, the Cd content is higher in the plants grown at lower pH. The Cd translocation factor was below 1.0, which indicates that the pea is an excluder plant. The contamination of the plant growth environment with Cd causes the increased antioxidant stress by the growing parameters of the total phenolic content (TPC), polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO), the malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxidation (LP). The results obtained showed that the supplementation with Si reduces these parameters, thus lowering the oxidative stress of the plant. Moreover, supplementation with Si leads to a lower content of Cd in the roots and reduces bioaccumulation of Cd in shoots and roots of pea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Cruzado-Tafur
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1a, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Orzoł
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Adrian Gołębiowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cichorek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1a, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Olszewski
- Experimental Education Unit, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-721, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Justyna Walczak-Skierska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Głowacka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1a, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
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3
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Iqbal A, Mo Z, Pan SG, Qi JY, Hua T, Imran M, Duan M, Gu Q, Yao XB, Tang X. Exogenous TiO 2 Nanoparticles Alleviate Cd Toxicity by Reducing Cd Uptake and Regulating Plant Physiological Activity and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Metabolites 2023; 13:765. [PMID: 37367921 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a potentially hazardous element with significant biological toxicity, negatively affecting plant growth and physio-biochemical metabolism. Thus, it is necessary to examine practical and eco-friendly approaches to reduce Cd toxicity. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are growth regulators that help in nutrient uptake and improve plant defense systems against abiotic and biological stress. A pot experiment was performed in the late rice-growing season (July-November) 2022 to explore the role of TiO2-NPs in relieving Cd toxicity on leaf physiological activity, biochemical attributes, and plant antioxidant defense systems of two different fragrant rice cultivars, i.e., Xiangyaxiangzhan (XGZ) and Meixiangzhan-2 (MXZ-2). Both cultivars were cultivated under normal and Cd-stress conditions. Different doses of TiO2-NPs with and without Cd-stress conditions were studied. The treatment combinations were: Cd-, 0 mg/kg CdCl2·2.5 H2O; Cd+, 50 mg/kg CdCl2·2.5 H2O; Cd + NP1, 50 mg/kg Cd + 50 TiO2-NPs mg/L; Cd + NP2, 50 mg/kg Cd + 100 TiO2-NPs mg/L; Cd + NP3, 50 mg/kg Cd + 200 TiO2-NPs mg/L; Cd + NP4, 50 mg/kg Cd + 400 TiO2-NPs mg/L. Our results showed that the Cd stress significantly (p < 0.05) decreased leaf photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal traits, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the expression of their encoding genes and protein content. Moreover, Cd toxicity destabilized plant metabolism owing to greater accretion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels at vegetative and reproductive stages. However, TiO2-NPs application improved leaf photosynthetic efficacy, stomatal traits, and protein and antioxidant enzyme activities under Cd toxicity. Application of TiO2-NPs decreased the uptake and accumulation of Cd in plants and levels of H2O2 and MDA, thereby helping to relieve Cd-induced peroxidation damage of leaf membrane lipids by enhancing the activities of different enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Average increases in SOD, APX, CAT, and POS activities of 120.5 and 110.4%, 116.2 and 123.4%, 41.4 and 43.8%, and 36.6 and 34.2% in MXZ-2 and XGZ, respectively, were noted in Cd + NP3 treatment across the growth stages as compared with Cd-stressed plants without NPs. Moreover, the correlation analysis revealed that the leaf net photosynthetic rate is strongly associated with leaf proline and soluble protein content, suggesting that a higher net photosynthetic rate results in higher leaf proline and soluble protein content. Of the treatments, the Cd + NP3 (50 mg/kg Cd + 200 mg/L TiO2-NPs) performed the best for both fragrant rice cultivars under Cd toxicity. Our results showed that TiO2-NPs strengthened rice metabolism through an enhanced antioxidant defense system across the growth stages, thereby improving plant physiological activity and biochemical characteristics under Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng-Gang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Ying Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tian Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meiyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qichang Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
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4
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González-Velázquez J, Salas-Vázquez E, Flores-Tavizón E, López-Moreno ML. Effect of Cadmium on Macro and Micronutrient Uptake and Translocation by Leucaena leucocephala. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:817-822. [PMID: 35925380 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination with Cadmium (Cd) is of great concern due to its hazardous effects on living organisms.Query In the present research, Leucaena leucocephala plants were exposed to Cd concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg/L to determine their potential use in Cd remediation. Different parameters including Cd uptake, macro/micronutrient content, chlorophyl, and catalase production were determined. Results indicated that Cd uptake by L. leucocephala roots did not show a significant difference between treatments. However, a significant increase in Cd content (Tukey´s HSD) was observed in stems as Cd levels in the media augmented. The highest Cd content (830 ± 20 mg/kg) was determined in stems of plants exposed to 15 mg/L Cd, and no Cd was detected in leaves. Data showed that as Cd concentration increased in the media, Ca, Mg, K, Zn, and Mn decreased. Moreover, while the presence of Cd reduced catalase activity in roots, chlorophyll production was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efraín Salas-Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR, 00681-90002, USA
| | - Edith Flores-Tavizón
- Engineering and Technology Institute, University Autonomous of Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), 32330, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Martha L López-Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR, 00681-90002, USA.
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de Lima SVAM, Marques DM, Silva MFS, Bressanin LA, Magalhães PC, de Souza TC. Applications of chitosan to the roots and shoots change the accumulation pattern of cadmium in Talinum patens (Talinaceae) cuttings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67787-67800. [PMID: 35524100 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan induces tolerance to abiotic stress agents in plants. However, studies on the different application forms of this biopolymer are limited. This study evaluated the effect of two forms of chitosan application on the morphophysiology of and metal accumulation by Talinum patens cuttings subjected to Cd to develop new cadmium (Cd) decontamination technologies. Cuttings from 75-day-old plants were transferred to a hydroponic system. For 30 days, three Cd concentrations (0, 7, and 14 mg L-1) and three forms of chitosan application (without application, root, and foliar) were applied. The cuttings were tolerant to Cd because the metal did not influence biomass production or photosynthetic efficiency. Neither chitosan application nor Cd increased the modified chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters. However, foliar chitosan reduced the transpiration rate. At the highest concentration of Cd, the application of chitosan in the root reduced the Mg content of the root system and shoots. The root application of chitosan increased the surface area and volume of thicker roots at the expense of finer ones. The foliar application resulted in greater total root length and surface area, mainly those finer. Furthermore, chitosan applied to the leaves activated catalase in the roots and leaves. In contrast to the root application, foliar application increased the accumulation of Cd in the roots. The action of catalase and the increase of fine roots may have favored a greater absorption of the nutrient solution and Cd in the chitosan foliar application treatment. It is concluded that chitosan foliar spraying can improve Cd rhizofiltration with T. patens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vitor Assis Machado de Lima
- Institute of Natural Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria Marques
- Institute of Natural Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Matheus Felipe Soares Silva
- Institute of Natural Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Leticia Aparecida Bressanin
- Institute of Natural Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Magalhães
- Maize and Sorghum National Research Center, P. O. Box 151, Sete Lagoas, MG, 35701-970, Brazil
| | - Thiago Corrêa de Souza
- Institute of Natural Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil.
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Kaur H, Hussain SJ, Al-Huqail AA, Siddiqui MH, Al-Huqail AA, Khan MIR. Hydrogen sulphide and salicylic acid regulate antioxidant pathway and nutrient balance in mustard plants under cadmium stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:660-669. [PMID: 34516728 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a pervasive noxious heavy metal, is a key threat to agricultural system. It is rapidly translocated and has detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) is emerging as a potential messenger molecule for modulating plant tolerance to Cd. Salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic signalling molecule, can alleviate Cd toxicity in plants. The present study investigated the mediatory role of H2 S (100 µM) and SA (0.5 mM), individually and in combination, in modulating antioxidant defence machinery and nutrient balance to impart Cd (50 µM) resistance to mustard. Accumulation of Cd resulted in oxidative stress (TBARS and H2 O2 ), mineral nutrient imbalance (N, P, K, Ca), decreased leaf gas exchange and PSII efficiency, ultimately reducing plant growth. Both H2 S and SA independently attenuated phytotoxic effects of Cd by triggering antioxidant systems, enhancing the nutrient pool, eventually leading to improved photosynthesis and biomass of mustard plants. The positive effects were more pronounced under combined application of H2 S and SA, indicating a synergistic relationship between these two signalling molecules in mitigating the detrimental effects of Cd on nutrient homeostasis and overall health of mustard, primarily by boosting antioxidant pathway. Our findings provide new insights into H2 S- and SA-induced protective mechanisms in mustard plants subjected to Cd stress and suggest their combined use as a feasible strategy to confer Cd tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kaur
- Department of Botany, Akal University, Bathinda, India
| | - S J Hussain
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - A A Al-Huqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M H Siddiqui
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M I R Khan
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Yang L, Wu Y, Wang X, Lv J, Tang Z, Hu L, Luo S, Wang R, Ali B, Yu J. Physiological Mechanism of Exogenous 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Improved the Tolerance of Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica pekinensis L.) to Cadmium Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:845396. [PMID: 35720555 PMCID: PMC9199490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.845396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a new type of plant growth regulator, can relieve the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to plants. However, its mechanism has not been thoroughly studied. In the study, the roles of ALA have been investigated in the tolerance of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) seedlings to Cd stress. The results showed that Cd significantly reduced the biomass and the length of the primary root of seedlings but increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. These can be effectively mitigated through the application of ALA. The ALA can further induce the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle under Cd stress, which resulted in high levels of both GSH and AsA. Under ALA + Cd treatment, the seedlings showed a higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance in comparison with Cd treatment alone. Microscopic analysis results confirmed that ALA can protect the cell structure of shoots and roots, i.e., stabilizing the morphological structure of chloroplasts in leaf mesophyll cells. The qRT-PCR results further reported that ALA downregulated the expressions of Cd absorption and transport-related genes in shoots (HMA2 and HMA4) and roots (IRT1, IRT2, Nramp1, and Nramp3), which resulted in the low Cd content in the shoots and roots of cabbage seedlings. Taken together, the exogenous application of ALA alleviates Cd stress through maintaining redox homeostasis, protecting the photosynthetic system, and regulating the expression of Cd transport-related genes in Chinese cabbage seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruidong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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8
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Phytoremediation of Cadmium Polluted Soils: Current Status and Approaches for Enhancing. SOIL SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal present in atmosphere, rocks, sediments, and soils without a known role in plants. It is relatively mobile and can easily enter from soil into groundwater and contaminate the food chain. Its presence in food in excess amounts may cause severe conditions in humans, therefore prevention of cadmium entering the food chain and its removal from contaminated soils are important steps in preserving public health. In the last several years, several approaches for Cd remediation have been proposed, such as the use of soil amendments or biological systems for reduction of Cd contamination. One of the approaches is phytoremediation, which involves the use of plants for soil clean-up. In this review we summarized current data on the use of different plants in phytoremediation of Cd as well as information about different approaches which have been used to enhance phytoremediation. This includes data on the increasing metal bioavailability in the soil, plant biomass, and plant accumulation capacity as well as seed priming as a promising novel approach for phytoremediation enhancing.
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9
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Laffray X, Toulaïb K, Balland-Bolou-Bi C, Bagard M, Leitao L, Huguenot D, Alphonse V, Abbad-Andaloussi S, Livet A, Bousserrhine N, Leymarie J, Repellin A. Evaluation of trace metal accumulation in six vegetable crops intercropped with phytostabilizing plant species, in a French urban wasteland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56795-56807. [PMID: 34076815 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive development of agriculture in urban and peri-urban wastelands polluted with several trace elements (TE) poses risks to human health through contaminated food products. The objective was to explore the accumulation of TE in the various parts of vegetable crop plants (tomato, French bean, radish, potato, spinach, and leek) intercropped with phytostabilizing plant species (ryegrass and white clover, respectively). Field studies were conducted in a multicontaminated French urban wasteland with Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, and an alkaline soil pH. Analyses of the respective non-edible parts of monocultured vegetable crops showed accumulation of all TE, mostly Zn, then Pb and Cu, and finally Cd. The corresponding TE accumulation factors (soil to plant) were all below 0.25. In the edible parts, average concentrations for TE were above the limit values, according to European and Chinese standards. TE contents in the phytostabilizing species chosen were in the same orders of magnitude and the same ranking as described for vegetable crops and most accumulation was in the roots. Unexpectedly, the presence of the phytostabilizing plants had a very strong positive impact on the soil to plant accumulation factor. Moreover, the edible plant parts were poorly impacted by the co-cropping with phytostabilizing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Laffray
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Kamal Toulaïb
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Clarisse Balland-Bolou-Bi
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - Université Paris Est Creteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - Matthieu Bagard
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Luis Leitao
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - David Huguenot
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, Université Gustave Eiffel, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Vanessa Alphonse
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - Université Paris Est Creteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Samir Abbad-Andaloussi
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - Université Paris Est Creteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Livet
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - Université Paris Est Creteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Noureddine Bousserrhine
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - Université Paris Est Creteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Juliette Leymarie
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Anne Repellin
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
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10
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Bari MA, El-Shehawi AM, Elseehy MM, Naheen NN, Rahman MM, Kabir AH. Molecular characterization and bioinformatics analysis of transporter genes associated with Cd-induced phytotoxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:438-448. [PMID: 34411783 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) adversely affects the yield and quality of rice. It is, therefore, crucial to elucidate the consequences of Cd toxicity. Plant height, biomass, SPAD score, PSII efficiency, and photosynthetic performance index were all significantly reduced in Cd-stressed rice. Cd stress resulted in a simultaneous increase in Cd and Fe concentrations in both the roots and the shoots, accompanied by the significant upregulation of heavy metal ATPase (OsHMA2, OsHMA3), natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (OsNramp1, OsNramp5), Fe-regulated transporters (OsIRT1), Fe-reductase oxidase (OsFRO1) genes, and FCR activity in roots. This implies that Cd uptake may be closely associated with Fe transporters resulted in physiological and photosynthetic damages in Cd-stressed rice. In silico analysis suggested that the localization of Cd-uptake proteins in the plasma membrane exhibiting transporter activity, among which two motifs were linked to the pfam_fs: Nramp domain. In a phylogenetic tree, HMA and Nramp genes were consistently positioned in the same cluster, while OsIRT1 and OsFRO1 were independently located. The key cis-acting elements were abscisic acid-responsiveness, methyl jasmonate-responsiveness, zein metabolism regulation, stress-responsiveness, salicylic acid-responsiveness, and gibberellin-responsiveness. An interactome map revealed the diverse functional partners of Cd-uptake genes, including MTP1 (metal tolerance protein 1), YSL6 (metal-nicotianamine transporter), IRO2 (Fe-regulated transcription factor 2), OsJ_16707 (a vacuolar Fe transporter homolog), YSL15 (an Fe-phytosiderophore transporter), and NAS2 (nicotianamine synthase), which were predominantly linked to Fe homeostasis. These findings greatly elucidate the Cd uptake mechanism in rice plants and can help to regulate Cd uptake either by breeding or silencing these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Azizul Bari
- Adina Fazlul Haque Government College, Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh; Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed M El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M Elseehy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nazmun Naher Naheen
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmad Humayan Kabir
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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11
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Srivastava A, Biswas S, Yadav S, Kumar S, Srivastava V, Mishra Y. Acute cadmium toxicity and post-stress recovery: Insights into coordinated and integrated response/recovery strategies of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:124822. [PMID: 33858073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, the first photoautotrophs have remarkable adaptive capabilities against most abiotic stresses, including Cd. A model cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 has been commonly used to understand cyanobacterial plasticity under different environmental stresses. However, very few studies have focused on the acute Cd toxicity. In this context, Anabaena was subjected to 100 μM Cd for 48 h (acute Cd stress, ACdS) and then transferred into the fresh medium for post-stress recovery (PSR). We further investigated the dynamics of morpho-ultrastructure, physiology, cytosolic proteome, thylakoidal complexes, chelators, and transporters after ACdS, as well as during early (ER), mid (MR), and late (LR) phases of PSR. The findings revealed that ACdS induced intracellular Cd accumulation and ROS production, altered morpho-ultrastructure, reduced photosynthetic pigments, and affected the structural organization of PSII, which subsequently hindered photosynthetic efficiency. Anabaena responded to ACdS and recovered during PSR by reprogramming the expression pattern of proteins/genes involved in cellular defense and repair; CO2 access, Calvin-Benson cycle, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway; protein biosynthesis, folding, and degradation; regulatory functions; PSI-based cyclic electron flow; Cd chelation; and efflux. These modulations occurred in an integrated and coordinated manner that facilitated Anabaena to detoxify Cd and repair ACdS-induced cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Subhankar Biswas
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sandhya Yadav
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Yogesh Mishra
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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12
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Shahid M, Sardar A, Anwar H, Khalid S, Shah SH, Shah AH, Bilal M. Effect of co-application of wastewater and freshwater on the physiological properties and trace element content in Raphanus sativus: soil contamination and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:2393-2406. [PMID: 32594415 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of wastewater for crop irrigation is increasing at global scale mainly due to freshwater scarcity and economic benefits. However, the presence of different types of pollutants including the trace elements (TEs) poses a serious threat to environmental and human health. This pot study evaluated the effect of alone and mixed irrigation water [wastewater (WW) with canal water (CW) and tube-well water (TW)] on TEs build-up in the soil, their soil-plant transfer and allied health hazards in District Vehari. The WW samples were mainly contaminated with Cd (0.03 mg/L), Cr (1.45 mg/L), Cu (0.35 mg/L) and Ni (0.40 mg/L). The CW contained high levels of Cr and Fe, while TW was contaminated with Pb and Cr. In soil, the concentrations of Cd, Fe and Mn exceeded their respective limit values for all the treatments. Among all the treatments, TEs concentration was found highest in WW-3 irrigated soil. Application of all the treatments resulted in TEs (Cu, 60.1 mg/kg; Cd, 8.2 mg/kg; Ni, 39.9 mg/kg; Fe, 4411 mg/kg; Zn, 111.3 mg/kg and Pb, 44.5 mg/kg) accumulation mainly in the edible parts of Raphanus sativus. Compared to other treatments, TW and TW + CW irrigated plants accumulated higher levels of TEs. Results showed linear trends among TEs accumulation and alterations in physiological attributes of R. sativus. High TEs accumulation in TW irrigated treatments (TW + WW-1 and TW + CW) caused maximum H2O2 production, lipid peroxidation and decline in plant pigments. Risk assessment parameters showed both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for all the irrigation treatments due to high TEs contents in edible tissues. It is concluded that alone or combined application of WW, TW and CW is not fit for vegetable irrigation, in the studied area, due to high TEs contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Aneeza Sardar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Anwar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Hussain Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Haidar Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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13
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Alharby HF, Al-Zahrani HS, Hakeem KR, Alsamadany H, Desoky ESM, Rady MM. Silymarin-Enriched Biostimulant Foliar Application Minimizes the Toxicity of Cadmium in Maize by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Elevating Antioxidant Gene Expression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030465. [PMID: 33801090 PMCID: PMC8004092 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For maize, the potential preventive role of foliar spraying with an extract derived from maize grain (MEg, 2%), silymarin (Sm, 0.5 mM), or silymarin-enriched MEg (MEg-Sm) in attenuating the stress effects of cadmium (Cd, 0.5 mM) was examined using a completely randomized design layout. Under normal conditions, foliar spraying with MEg, Sm, or MEg-Sm was beneficial (with MEg-Sm preferred) for maize plants, whereas the benefit was more pronounced under Cd stress. The use of Cd through irrigation water decreased plant growth traits, photosynthetic efficiency, including instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, Fv/Fm, and pigment contents, and hormonal contents (e.g., auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins including trans-zeatin, and salicylic acid). These undesired findings were due to an increase in Cd content, leading to increased levels of oxidative stress (O2•− and H2O2), ionic leakage, and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, this damage resulted in an increase in the activities of nonenzymatic antioxidants, Sm, antioxidative enzymes, and enzyme gene expression. However, under Cd stress, although foliar spray with MEg or Sm had better findings than control, MEg-Sm had better findings than MEg or Sm. Application of MEg-Sm greatly increased photosynthesis efficiency, restored hormonal homeostasis, and further increased the activities of various antioxidants, Sm, antioxidative enzymes, and enzyme gene expression. These desired findings were due to the suppression of the Cd content, and thus the levels of O2•−, H2O2, ionic leakage, and lipid peroxidation, which were positively reflected in the growth and accumulation of dry matter in maize plants. The data obtained in this study recommend applying silymarin-enriched maize grain extract (MEg-Sm at 0.24 g Sm L−1 of MEg) as a spray solution to maize plants when exposed to excess Cd in soil or irrigation water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.S.A.-Z.); (K.R.H.); (H.A.)
| | - Hassan S. Al-Zahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.S.A.-Z.); (K.R.H.); (H.A.)
| | - Khalid R. Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.S.A.-Z.); (K.R.H.); (H.A.)
| | - Hameed Alsamadany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.S.A.-Z.); (K.R.H.); (H.A.)
| | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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14
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Chtouki M, Naciri R, Soulaimani A, Zeroual Y, El Gharous M, Oukarroum A. Effect of Cadmium and Phosphorus Interaction on Tomato: Chlorophyll a Fluorescence, Plant Growth, and Cadmium Translocation. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2021; 232:84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
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15
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Liu S, Miao C, Yao S, Ding H, Zhang K. Soil stabilization/solidification (S/S) agent---water-soluble thiourea formaldehyde (WTF) resin: Mechanism and performance with cadmium (Ⅱ). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116025. [PMID: 33277061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is vital for the development and application of heavy metal stabilization/solidification (S/S) agents to reveal the mechanism of the reaction between water-soluble thiourea formaldehyde (WTF) resin and heavy metal and evaluate its repairing effect. Based on the density functional theory analysis of the WTF resin structure, the mechanism analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the three-dimensional network structure with thiocarbonyl and hydroxyl groups is very conducive to the capture of Cd2+. The reduction rate of Cd2+ in soil added WTF resin could reach 70.6%-86.0%. The result of BCR's sequential extraction also proved that the 86.4%-94.1% of Cd in the soil repaired by WTF resin changed from acid-soluble state to residue state. Enzyme activity analysis and 16sRNA sequencing experiments showed that such a structure does not harm soil health. The urease and phosphatase tests showed the nitrogen and phosphorus cycle of the soil added WTF resin was repaired. Even compared with the remediation agents Na2S and hydroxyapatite, WTF resin still performed better in repairing soil health. These findings provide valuable insights into the efficient causes of WTF resin and its harmless effects on soil. The results obtained provide a critical reference for the future application of practical and gentle heavy metal S/S agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejiang Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Rd., Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chen Miao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Rd., Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shanshan Yao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Rd., Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hui Ding
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Rd., Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Tianjin TEDA Greening Group Co., Ltd., China
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16
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Molybdenum Supply Alleviates the Cadmium Toxicity in Fragrant Rice by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Gene Expression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111582. [PMID: 33233373 PMCID: PMC7700372 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that cadmium (Cd) toxicity causes severe perturbations on growth performance, physio-biochemical and molecular processes in crop plants. Molybdenum (Mo), an essential trace element, plays key roles in oxidative stress tolerance of higher plants. Hence, the present study has been conducted to investigate the possible role of Mo in alleviating Cd-induced inhibitions in two fragrant rice cultivars namely Guixiangzhan (GXZ) and Meixiangzhan-2 (MXZ-2). The results revealed that Mo application enhanced the plant dry biomass by 73.24% in GXZ and 58.09% in MXZ-2 under Cd stress conditions, suggesting that Mo supplementation alleviated Cd-induced toxicity effects in fragrant rice. The enhanced Cd-tolerance in fragrant rice plants prompted by Mo application could be ascribed to its ability to regulate Cd uptake and reduce Cd-induced oxidative stress as evident by lower hydrogen peroxide levels, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents in Cd-stressed plants. The ameliorative role of Mo against Cd-toxicity also reflected through its protection to the photosynthetic pigments, proline and soluble protein. Mo also induced antioxidant defense systems via maintaining higher contents of glutathione and ascorbate as well as enhancing the ROS-detoxifying enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities and up-regulating transcript abundance in both fragrant rice cultivars under Cd stress. Conclusively, Mo-mediated modulation of Cd toxicity in fragrant rice was through restricting Cd uptake, maintaining photosynthetic performance and alleviating oxidative damages via the strong anti-oxidative defense systems; however, GXZ cultivar is comparatively more Cd tolerant and Mo-efficient as evident from the less growth inhibition and biomass reduction as well as enhanced Mo-induced Cd stress tolerance and less oxidative damage than MXZ-2 fragrant rice cultivar.
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17
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Ismael MA, Elyamine AM, Moussa MG, Cai M, Zhao X, Hu C. Cadmium in plants: uptake, toxicity, and its interactions with selenium fertilizers. Metallomics 2020; 11:255-277. [PMID: 30632600 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cd is the third major contaminant of greatest hazard to the environment after mercury and lead and is considered as the only metal that poses health risks to both humans and animals at plant tissue concentrations that are generally not phytotoxic. Cd accumulation in plant shoots depends on Cd entry through the roots, sequestration within root vacuoles, translocation in the xylem and phloem, and Cd dilution within the plant shoot throughout its growth. Several metal transporters, processes, and channels are involved from the first step of Cd reaching the root cells and until its final accumulation in the edible parts of the plant. It is hard to demonstrate one step as the pivotal factor to decide the Cd tolerance or accumulation ability of plants since the role of a specific transporter/process varies among plant species and even cultivars. In this review, we discuss the sources of Cd pollutants, Cd toxicity to plants, and mechanisms of Cd uptake and redistribution in plant tissues. The metal transporters involved in Cd transport within plant tissues are also discussed and how their manipulation can control Cd uptake and/or translocation. Finally, we discuss the beneficial effects of Se on plants under Cd stress, and how it can minimize or mitigate Cd toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Ismael
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Research Center of Trace Elements, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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18
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The Immobilization of Soil Cadmium by the Combined Amendment of Bacteria and Hydroxyapatite. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2189. [PMID: 32041971 PMCID: PMC7010816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils has attracted increased attention worldwide. The immobilization of metals to prevent their uptake by plants is an efficient way to remediate contaminated soils. This work aimed to seek the immobilization of cadmium in contaminated soils via a combination method. Flask experiments were performed to investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the Cupriavidus sp. strain ZSK on soil pH and DTPA-extractable cadmium. Pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of the combined amendment on three plant species. The results showed that HAP has no obvious influence on the growth of the strain. With increasing concentrations of HAP, the soil pH increased, and the DTPA-extractable Cd decreased. Via the combined amendment of the strain and HAP (SH), the DTPA-extractable Cd in the soil decreased by 58.2%. With the combined amendment of the SH, the cadmium accumulation in ramie, dandelion, and daisy decreased by 44.9%, 51.0%, and 38.7%, respectively. Moreover, the combined amendment somewhat benefitted the growth of the three plant species and significantly decreased the biosorption of cadmium. These results suggest that the immobilization by the SH combination is a potential method to decrease the available cadmium in the soil and the cadmium accumulation in plants.
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19
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Kanu AS, Ashraf U, Mo Z, Sabir SUR, Baggie I, Charley CS, Tang X. Calcium amendment improved the performance of fragrant rice and reduced metal uptake under cadmium toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24748-24757. [PMID: 31240656 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity has detrimental effects on plant metabolism and yield formation. This study examined the effects of Cd stress in rice and the possible role of calcium (Ca) in mitigating oxidative damage caused by Cd in two fragrant rice cultivars, i.e., Guixiangzhan and Meixiangzhan 2. The experimental treatments were composed of various Ca and Cd levels as individual, i.e., Ca at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg soil (Ca1 and Ca2, respectively), Cd at 50 and 100 mg/kg soil (Cd50 and Cd100, respectively), and combined, i.e., Ca1+Cd50, Ca1+Cd100, Ca2+Cd50, and Ca2+Cd100. Plants without Ca and Cd application were taken as control (CK). Results showed that Cd stress led to a substantial decline in the photosynthetic pigments, i.e., Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids, while enhanced oxidative damage in terms of increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL) in both rice cultivars. Moreover, Cd stress hampered the activities of enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), with lowest antioxidant activities were recorded at Cd100. The overall trend (lowest to highest) for antioxidant activities across treatments was recorded as Cd100 < Ca2+Cd100 < Cd50 < Ca1+Cd100 < CK < Ca1 < Ca1+Cd50 < Ca2+Cd50 < Ca2. Similarly, Ca amendment improved the proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents in both rice cultivars under Cd stress condition. Comparing Ca2 with CK, the yield and related components, i.e., number of panicles, spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000 grain weight, and grain yield, were found to increase by 13.08, 2.39, 4.03, 5.86, and 27.53% for Guixiangzhan and 16.48, 5.19, 6.87, 15.44, and 51.16% for Meixiangzhan, respectively. Furthermore, Cd contents in roots, stems, leaves, and grains increased with increased Cd concentration applied and reduced with Ca amendment. The Cd contents in grains for all Ca+Cd levels are statistically at par with each other and significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those for individual Cd application. Hence, Ca amendment can be an appropriate approach to ameliorate the toxic effects of Cd in crops grown under Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sheka Kanu
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI)-Rokupr Agricultural Research Centre (RARC), PMB 1313, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Department of Botany, University of Education (Lahore), Faisalabad-Campus, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sabeeh-Ur-Rasool Sabir
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Idris Baggie
- Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI)-Rokupr Agricultural Research Centre (RARC), PMB 1313, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Christen Shaka Charley
- Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI)-Rokupr Agricultural Research Centre (RARC), PMB 1313, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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20
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Salicylic Acid Signals Plant Defence against Cadmium Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122960. [PMID: 31216620 PMCID: PMC6627907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA), as an enigmatic signalling molecule in plants, has been intensively studied to elucidate its role in defence against biotic and abiotic stresses. This review focuses on recent research on the role of the SA signalling pathway in regulating cadmium (Cd) tolerance in plants under various SA exposure methods, including pre-soaking, hydroponic exposure, and spraying. Pretreatment with appropriate levels of SA showed a mitigating effect on Cd damage, whereas an excessive dose of exogenous SA aggravated the toxic effects of Cd. SA signalling mechanisms are mainly associated with modification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in plant tissues. Then, ROS, as second messengers, regulate a series of physiological and genetic adaptive responses, including remodelling cell wall construction, balancing the uptake of Cd and other ions, refining the antioxidant defence system, and regulating photosynthesis, glutathione synthesis and senescence. These findings together elucidate the expanding role of SA in phytotoxicology.
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21
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Cui G, Ai S, Chen K, Wang X. Arbuscular mycorrhiza augments cadmium tolerance in soybean by altering accumulation and partitioning of nutrient elements, and related gene expression. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:231-239. [PMID: 30612010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can protect plants against cadmium (Cd) stress, and are the most prominent symbiotic fungi for contribution to phytoremediation. However, the tolerance mechanism for AM symbiosis on Cd toxicity still remains unclear, especially the related molecular mechanisms. In this study, different Cd treatments were applied to two soybean genotypes with different Cd tolerance in the presence or absence of AM fungal inoculation. The results showed that Cd addition obviously decreased AM colonization. AM symbiosis significantly increased plant dry weight, root growth, and P acquisition in Cd-tolerant HX3 genotype at Cd addition treatments. The effectiveness was associated with a concomitant increased expression of the AM inducible phosphate (Pi) transporter genes GmPT8, GmPT9, GmPT10, and upregulated expression of P-type heavy metal ATPase gene GmHMA19. Additionally, AM fungal inoculation effectively impacted the partitioning of Mg, Cu and Zn, including increased Mg, and decreased Cu and Zn relative concentrations in shoots of Cd tolerant HX3. Taken together, these results suggest that AM symbiosis can alleviate Cd toxicity in soybean through enhanced P nutrition, up-regulated expression of AM inducible GmPTs and GmHMA19, as well as, the alteration of the partitioning of essential nutrient elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoying Ai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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22
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Hamid Y, Tang L, Sohail MI, Cao X, Hussain B, Aziz MZ, Usman M, He ZL, Yang X. An explanation of soil amendments to reduce cadmium phytoavailability and transfer to food chain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:80-96. [PMID: 30639721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium contamination in soil, water and food has become a global problem since last century's industrial and agricultural revolution. It is a highly toxic metal with serious consequences on human and animal health. Different natural and anthropogenic sources are responsible for Cd release in the soil which ultimately leads to the food chain. Cd persists in soil for long durations due to its minimal microbial or chemical loss. There are various physical, chemical or biological techniques which are helpful to minimize Cd risk in food chain. Among them, in-situ immobilization with organic, inorganic or clay amendments is a cost-effective and an environment friendly strategy to remediate Cd polluted sites. Lime, biochar, organic wastes, phosphorus fertilizers, sepiolite, zeolite, hydroxyapatite and bentonite are commonly used amendments for amelioration of Cd contaminated soils. These amendments reduce Cd uptake and enhance immobilization by adsorption, complexation, and precipitation processes. This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive note on Cd toxicity in humans and environment, its immobilization by different agents through variety of processes, and comparison of technologies for Cd removal from contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan Sohail
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, 38080 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xuerui Cao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Zahir Aziz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, 38080 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, 38080 Faisalabad, Pakistan; Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhen-Li He
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Sierro N, Battey JND, Bovet L, Liedschulte V, Ouadi S, Thomas J, Broye H, Laparra H, Vuarnoz A, Lang G, Goepfert S, Peitsch MC, Ivanov NV. The impact of genome evolution on the allotetraploid Nicotiana rustica - an intriguing story of enhanced alkaloid production. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:855. [PMID: 30497378 PMCID: PMC6267829 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotiana rustica (Aztec tobacco), like common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), is an allotetraploid formed through a recent hybridization event; however, it originated from completely different progenitor species. Here, we report the comparative genome analysis of wild type N. rustica (5 Gb; 2n = 4x = 48) with its three putative diploid progenitors (2.3-3 Gb; 2n = 2x =24), Nicotiana undulata, Nicotiana paniculata and Nicotiana knightiana. RESULTS In total, 41% of N. rustica genome originated from the paternal donor (N. undulata), while 59% originated from the maternal donor (N. paniculata/N. knightiana). Chloroplast genome and gene analyses indicated that N. knightiana is more closely related to N. rustica than N. paniculata. Gene clustering revealed 14,623 ortholog groups common to other Nicotiana species and 207 unique to N. rustica. Genome sequence analysis indicated that N. knightiana is more closely related to N. rustica than N. paniculata, and that the higher nicotine content of N. rustica leaves is the result of the progenitor genomes combination and of a more active transport of nicotine to the shoot. CONCLUSIONS The availability of four new Nicotiana genome sequences provide insights into how speciation impacts plant metabolism, and in particular alkaloid transport and accumulation, and will contribute to better understanding the evolution of Nicotiana species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Sierro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - J. N. D. Battey
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - L. Bovet
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - V. Liedschulte
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - S. Ouadi
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - J. Thomas
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - H. Broye
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - H. Laparra
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - A. Vuarnoz
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - G. Lang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - S. Goepfert
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - M. C. Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - N. V. Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
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24
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Lu Q, Zhang T, Zhang W, Su C, Yang Y, Hu D, Xu Q. Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Lemna minor by exogenous salicylic acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:500-508. [PMID: 28915397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a significant environmental pollutant in the aquatic environment. Salicylic acid (SA) is a ubiquitous phenolic compound. The goal of this study was to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in duckweed (L. minor) upon exposure to 10μM CdCl2, 10μM CdCl2 plus 50μM SA, or 50μM SA for 7 days. Reversing the effects of Cd, SA decreased Cd accumulation in plants, improved accumulation of minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, B, Mo) absorption, increased endogenous SA concentration, and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity. Chlorosis-associated symptoms, the reduction in chlorophyll content, and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species induced by Cd exposure were largely reversed by SA. SA significantly decreased the toxic effects of Cd on the activities of the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the fronds of L. minor. Furthermore, SA reversed the detrimental effects of Cd on total ascorbate, glutathione, the ascorbic acid/oxidized dehydroascorbate and glutathione/glutathione disulphide ratios, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde concentration, lipoxygenase activity, and the accumulation of proline. SA induced the up-regulation of heat shock proteins (Hsp70) and attenuated the adverse effects of Cd on cell viability. These results suggest that SA confers tolerance to Cd stress in L. minor through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunlei Su
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaru Yang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinsong Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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25
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Loix C, Huybrechts M, Vangronsveld J, Gielen M, Keunen E, Cuypers A. Reciprocal Interactions between Cadmium-Induced Cell Wall Responses and Oxidative Stress in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1867. [PMID: 29163592 PMCID: PMC5671638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution renders many soils across the world unsuited or unsafe for food- or feed-orientated agriculture. The main mechanism of Cd phytotoxicity is the induction of oxidative stress, amongst others through the depletion of glutathione. Oxidative stress can damage lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, leading to growth inhibition or even cell death. The plant cell has a variety of tools to defend itself against Cd stress. First and foremost, cell walls might prevent Cd from entering and damaging the protoplast. Both the primary and secondary cell wall have an array of defensive mechanisms that can be adapted to cope with Cd. Pectin, which contains most of the negative charges within the primary cell wall, can sequester Cd very effectively. In the secondary cell wall, lignification can serve to immobilize Cd and create a tougher barrier for entry. Changes in cell wall composition are, however, dependent on nutrients and conversely might affect their uptake. Additionally, the role of ascorbate (AsA) as most important apoplastic antioxidant is of considerable interest, due to the fact that oxidative stress is a major mechanism underlying Cd toxicity, and that AsA biosynthesis shares several links with cell wall construction. In this review, modifications of the plant cell wall in response to Cd exposure are discussed. Focus lies on pectin in the primary cell wall, lignification in the secondary cell wall and the importance of AsA in the apoplast. Regarding lignification, we attempt to answer the question whether increased lignification is merely a consequence of Cd toxicity, or rather an elicited defense response. We propose a model for lignification as defense response, with a central role for hydrogen peroxide as substrate and signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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26
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Adrees M, Ibrahim M, Tsang DCW, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Zahir ZA, Rinklebe J, Tack FMG, Ok YS. A critical review on effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of cadmium in vegetables. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:90-105. [PMID: 28494365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in vegetables is an important environmental issue that threatens human health globally. Understanding the response of vegetables to Cd stress and applying management strategies may help to reduce the Cd uptake by vegetables. The aim of the present review is to summarize the knowledge concerning the uptake and toxic effects of Cd in vegetables and the different management strategies to combat Cd stress in vegetables. Leafy vegetables grown in Cd contaminated soils potentially accumulate higher concentrations of Cd, posing a threat to food commodities. The Cd toxicity decreases seed germination, growth, biomass and quality of vegetables. This reduces the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and alteration in mineral nutrition. Toxicity of Cd toxicity also interferes with vegetable biochemistry causing oxidative stress and resulting in decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. Several management options have been employed for the reduction of Cd uptake and toxicity in vegetables. The exogenous application of plant growth regulators, proper mineral nutrition, and the use of organic and inorganic amendments might be useful for reducing Cd toxicity in vegetables. The use of low Cd accumulating vegetable cultivars in conjunction with insolubilizing amendments and proper agricultural practices might be a useful technique for reducing Cd exposure in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zahir Ahmad Zahir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwnagjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Hou J, Liu X, Cui B, Bai J, Wang X. Concentration-dependent alterations in gene expression induced by cadmium in Solanum lycopersicum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10528-10536. [PMID: 28281075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in agricultural soil has received significant attention because of its higher transformation in the food chain and toxicity to humans. The aim of the present study was to develop sensitive and specific biomarkers for Cd stress. Therefore, transcriptional analyses were performed to investigate concentration-response characteristics of Cd responsive genes identified from a Solanum lycopersicum microarray. The results showed that the lowest observable adverse effect concentrations (LOAECs) of Cd to S. lycopersicum were 1 mg/kg for seed germination, 8 mg/kg for root dry weight, 8 mg/kg for root elongation, and 8 mg/kg for root morphology. Furthermore, the genes were differentially expressed even at the lowest Cd concentrations (0.5 mg/kg), indicating that the detection of Cd in soil at the molecular level is a highly sensitive method. Cd in soil was positively correlated with the expression of the F-box protein PP2-B15 (r = 0.809, p < 0.01) and zinc transporter 4 (r = 0.643, p < 0.01), indicating that these two genes could be selected as indicators of soil Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- School of Environment And Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- School of Environment And Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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28
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Kısa D, Öztürk L, Doker S, Gökçe İ. Expression analysis of metallothioneins and mineral contents in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) under heavy metal stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1916-1923. [PMID: 27539512 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals are considered to be the most important pollutants in the contamination of soils; they adversely affect plant growth and development and cause some physiological and molecular changes. The contamination of agricultural soils by heavy metals has changed the mineral element content of vegetables. Plant metallothioneins (MTs) are thought to have the functional role in heavy metal homeostasis, and they are used as the biomarkers for evaluating environmental pollution. We aimed to evaluate the expression of MT isoforms (MT1, 2, 3 and 4) and some mineral element composition of tomato roots, leaves and fruits exposed to copper and lead. RESULTS Heavy metal applications increased MT1 and MT2 gene expressions compared to the control in the tissues of tomato. The highest level of MT1 and MT2 transcripts was found in roots and leaves, respectively. The expression of MT3 is induced in roots, leaves and fruits except for Pb treatment in roots. MT4 expression increased in fruits; however, other tissues did not show a clear change. Our results indicated that Cu content was higher than Pb in all tissues of tomato. The lower doses of Cu (10 ppm) increased the content of Mg, Fe, Ca and Mn in roots. Pb generally increased the level of minerals in leaves and fruits, but it decreased Mg, Mn and Fe contents in roots. CONCLUSION Both heavy metals not only moved to aerial parts but also caused alterations to mineral element levels. These results show that MT transcripts are regulated by Cu and Pb, and expression pattern changes to MT isoforms and tissue types. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dursun Kısa
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Lokman Öztürk
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serhat Doker
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 18100 Çankırı, Turkey
| | - İsa Gökçe
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
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29
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Kısa D, Öztürk L, Tekin Ş. Gene expression analysis of metallothionein and mineral elements uptake in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) exposed to cadmium. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:989-995. [PMID: 27363704 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals such as Cd are considered to be the most important pollutants in soil contamination. Cd is a non-essential element adversely affecting plant growth and development, and it has caused some physiological and molecular changes. Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, and metal binding proteins. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the MT gene expression levels and minerals uptake in the tissues of Solanum lycopersicum exposed to Cd. The transcriptional expression of the MT genes was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The MT genes were regulated by the Cd and the mineral elements uptake changed tissue type and applied doses. The MT1 and MT2 transcript levels increased in the roots, the leaves and the fruits of the tomato. The MT3 and MT4 transcript pattern changed according to the tissue types. The Cd treatment on the growth medium increased the Mg, Ca, and Fe content in both the leaves and fruits of the tomato. However, the Cd affected the mineral levels in the roots depending on the mineral types and doses. Also, the Cd content increased in the roots, the leaves, and the fruits of the tomato, respectively. The results presented in this study show that Cd has synergistic and/or antagonistic effects on minerals depending on the tissue types. These results indicate that the MT1 and MT2 expression pattern increased together with the Mg, Ca, and Fe content in both the leaves and the fruits of the tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dursun Kısa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Lokman Öztürk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Şaban Tekin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey
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30
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Liu Z, Ding Y, Wang F, Ye Y, Zhu C. Role of salicylic acid in resistance to cadmium stress in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:719-31. [PMID: 26849671 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We review and introduce the importance of salicylic acid in plants under cadmium stress, and provide insights into potential regulatory mechanisms for alleviating cadmium toxicity. Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread and potentially toxic environmental pollutant, originating mainly from rapid industrial processes, the application of fertilizers, manures and sewage sludge, and urban activities. It is easily taken up by plants, resulting in obvious toxicity symptoms, including growth retardation, leaf chlorosis, leaf and root necrosis, altered structures and ultrastructures, inhibition of photosynthesis, and cell death. Therefore, alleviating Cd toxicity in plants is a major aim of plant research. Salicylic acid (SA) is a ubiquitous plant phenolic compound that has been used in many plant species to alleviate Cd toxicity by regulating plant growth, reducing Cd uptake and distribution in plants, protecting membrane integrity and stability, scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing antioxidant defense system, improving photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, SA functions as a signaling molecule involved in the expression of several important genes. Significant amounts of research have focused on understanding SA functions and signaling in plants under Cd stress, but several questions still remain unanswered. In this article, the influence of SA on Cd-induced stress in plants and the potential regulation mechanism for alleviating Cd toxicity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Ding
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feijuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Ye
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Kumar P, Lucini L, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Kalunke RM, Colla G. Insight into the role of grafting and arbuscular mycorrhiza on cadmium stress tolerance in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:477. [PMID: 26167168 PMCID: PMC4481154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Physiological, biochemical, metabolite changes, and gene expression analysis of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were investigated in two grafting combinations (self-grafted 'Ikram' and 'Ikram' grafted onto interspecific hybrid rootstock `Maxifort'), with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), exposed to 0 and 25 μM Cd. Tomato plants responded to moderate Cadmium (Cd) concentration by decreasing yield and crop growth parameters due to the accumulation of Cd in leaf tissue, inhibition of the PS II activity, reduced nutrients translocation, and also to the oxidative stress as evidenced by enhanced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, ion leakage, and lipid peroxidation. AM inoculation significantly enhanced the metal concentration in shoots and reduced growth and yield. The Ikram/Maxifort combination induced higher antioxidant enzymes, higher accumulation of proline and reduction of lipid peroxidation products. This suggests that the use of Maxifort rootstock in tomato has a high reactive oxygen species scavenging activity since lower H2O2 concentrations were observed in the presence of Cd. The higher crop performance of Ikram/Maxifort in comparison to Ikram/Ikram combination was also due to the improved nutritional status (higher P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and increased availability of metabolites involved in cadmium tolerance (phytochelatin PC2, fructans, and inulins). The up-regulation of LeNRAMP3 gene in leaf of Ikram/Maxifort could explain the better nutritional status of interspecific grafting combination (higher Fe, Mn, and Zn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Central Arid Zone Research Institute, JodhpurIndia
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, ViterboItaly
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, PiacenzaItaly
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, PorticiItaly
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo, RomaItaly
| | - Raviraj M. Kalunke
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, ViterboItaly
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, ViterboItaly
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Tommonaro G, Nicolaus B, De Prisco R, Pergamo R, Marra N, Caporale A, Popolo A, Saturnino C. Evaluation of heavy metals, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activity of tomatoes grown in toxic muddy soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:5756-5761. [PMID: 25424035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This research studies tomatoes grown in polluted soils to ascertain their phytochemical and nutritive features. Pulp and seeds from tomatoes grown in muddy soils were analyzed for their antioxidant power and their toxicity because of the possibility that heavy metals were present in the soils. An antioxidant assay on methanol extracts was made by using DDPH, while an ABTS [2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of lipophilic fractions. Results of the antioxidant assay showed that the tomatoes maintained a high level of antioxidant activity especially in the lipophilic fractions which contain the most representative compounds. Cytotoxic activity was performed on HeLa, PDAC, and A375 cell lines by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Results showed that neither the seeds, nor the pulp, of the extracts was cytotoxic. The presence of heavy metals was evaluated by using spectroscopy of atomic absorption with a graphite oven. Test results show the absence of heavy metals and these results have an interesting scientific role because they provide useful information for promoting food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Tommonaro
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy,
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Bertoli AC, Carvalho R, Freitas MP, Ramalho TC, Mancini DT, Oliveira MC, de Varennes A, Dias A. Theoretical spectroscopic studies and identification of metal-citrate (Cd and Pb) complexes by ESI-MS in aqueous solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 137:271-280. [PMID: 25222323 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of ESI-MS, FTIR-ATR and theoretical calculations for the determination of metal-citrate (metal=Cd and Pb) structures are reported. Mass spectrometry allowed to determine the stoichiometry 1:1 and 2:1 of the complexes, corroborating the theoretical calculations. The species found in the ratio 2:1 had their molecular structures readjusted, since the deprotonation of citric acid differed from what was simulated. The calculations of thermodynamic stability (ΔH(0)(aq.)) for the complexes obtained by B3LYP/LANL2DZ were more exoenergetic than those found by PM6. However, for both methods, the stability of the complexes follows a trend, that is, the lowest-energy isomers in PM6 are also the most stable in B3LYP/LANL2DZ. The infrared analysis suggested that carboxyl groups are complexation sites and hydrogen bonds can help in the stability of the complexes. The vibrational frequencies in B3LYP/LANL2DZ had a good correlation with the experimental infrared results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C Bertoli
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ruy Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus P Freitas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Daiana T Mancini
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria C Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amarílis de Varennes
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1399-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Dias
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Vittori Antisari L, Carbone S, Gatti A, Vianello G, Nannipieri P. Uptake and translocation of metals and nutrients in tomato grown in soil polluted with metal oxide (CeO₂, Fe₃O₄, SnO₂, TiO₂) or metallic (Ag, Co, Ni) engineered nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1841-1853. [PMID: 25189804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of exposure to engineered nanoparticles (NPs) was studied in tomato plants, grown in a soil and peat mixture and irrigated with metal oxides (CeO2, Fe3O4, SnO2, TiO2) and metallic (Ag, Co, Ni) NPs. The morphological parameters of the tomato organs, the amount of component metals taken up by the tomato plants from NPs added to the soil and the nutrient content in different tomato organs were also investigated. The fate, transport and possible toxicity of different NPs and nutrients in tomato tissues from soils were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The tomato yield depended on the NPs: Fe3O4-NPs promoted the root growth, while SnO2-NP exposure reduced it (i.e. +152.6 and -63.1 % of dry matter, respectively). The NP component metal mainly accumulated in the tomato roots; however, plants treated with Ag-, Co- and Ni-NPs showed higher concentration of these elements in both above-ground and below-ground organs with respect to the untreated plants, in addition Ag-NPs also contaminated the fruits. Moreover, an imbalance of K translocation was detected in some plants exposed to Ag-, Co- and Fe3O4-NPs. The component metal concentration of soil rhizosphere polluted with NPs significantly increased compared to controls, and NPs were detected in the tissues of the tomato roots using electron microscopy (ESEM-EDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Vittori Antisari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 40, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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Marques MC, do Nascimento CWA. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence spectra for the monitoring of Cd toxicity in a bio-energy crop (Jatropha curcas). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 127:88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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