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Crude Oil Degradation by a Novel Strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa AQNU-1 Isolated from an Oil-Contaminated Lake Wetland. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel crude oil degrading bacterium was isolated from an oil-contaminated freshwater lake using crude oil as the sole carbon source. The strain was named Pseudomonas aeruginosa AQNU-1 based on the analyses of its morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out to investigate the degradation of crude oil fractions under dynamic (37 °C, 180 r/min) and static (37 °C, 0 r/min) cultivation over three months of continuous enrichment in the laboratory. It was found that strain AQNU-1 exhibited stronger biodegradation efficiency for n-alkanes of C13–C35 under dynamic cultivation with degradation ratios of 87–100% compared to ratios of 74–100% under static cultivation. Furthermore, this strain could fully utilize alkylcyclohexane (M/Z 82), alkylbenzene (M/Z 92) and alkyltoluene (M/Z 106) in crude oil under both conditions. It also had better biodegradability of partial aromatic compounds in the crude oil, showing differences within compound families of aromatic hydrocarbons. Further, the potential degradation ability of this isolated strain decreased with increasing molecular weight, with the dynamic condition performing better in general. These results suggest that the isolated strain has great potential to assimilate indigestible crude-oil contaminants under different hydrological conditions, providing a valuable microbiological resource for in situ remediation of natural wetlands.
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Chen Z, Ren G, Ma X, Zhou B, Yuan D, Liu H, Wei Z. Presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among multi-media in a typical constructed wetland located in the coastal industrial zone, Tianjin, China: Occurrence characteristics, source apportionment and model simulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149601. [PMID: 34426304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In-depth understanding and accurately predicting the occurrence and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in constructed wetlands (CWs) is extremely crucial for optimizing the CWs construction and strengthening the risk control. However, few studies have focused on the PAHs among sediment-water-plant and model simulation in CWs. In this study, sediment, surface water and reed samples were gathered and analyzed from a typical CW. The concentrations of 16 PAHs (Σ16PAHs) in sediments, surface water and reeds ranged from 620 to 4277 μg/kg, 114 to 443 ng/L and 74.5 to 362 μg/kg, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated as 0.796, 0.431 and 0.473 for the above three media respectively, indicating that the spatial distribution variation was medium intensity. The fugacity fraction (ff) suggested that sediments might act as the secondary release source of most PAHs. According to the diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), PAHs in this CW mainly come from fossil fuels combustion and petroleum leakage. PAHs in sediments showed high ecological risk at water inlet and moderate risk at the other functional zones, while low risks for surface water at all functional zones. Although the human health risk assessment indicated relatively low cancer risk, the health risk still cannot be ignored with the continuous input and accumulation of exogenous PAHs. A mathematical model covering the hydraulics parameters and composition characteristics of the wetland was established, and its reliability was verified. The simulated results obtained by the established model were basically consistent with the measured values. In addition, the total remove efficiency of PAHs in surface water was 40.2%, which calculated by the simulated model. This work provides helpful insight into the comprehension of occurrence and fate of PAHs among multi-media in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Gengbo Ren
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Dekui Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zizhang Wei
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
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Qiao X, Zheng B, Li X, Zhao X, Dionysiou DD, Liu Y. Influencing factors and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123419. [PMID: 32702619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants. This study investigated the occurrence of 16 PAHs in groundwater of representative regions of China (the cities of Lanzhou, Shijiazhuang, and Golmud and in Du'an County) using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs (∑PAHs) were in the range 0-29.06 μg/L (average: 594.8 ng/L). Acenaphthylene (Acy) and Naphthalene (Nap) had the highest detected frequency (74.56 %) and highest average concentration (632.7 ng/L), respectively. The average concentration of ∑PAHs in each study area exhibited the following trend: Lanzhou > Golmud > Du'an dry season > Du'an wet season > Shijiazhuang. The dominant PAHs in the study areas comprised mainly 2-4-ring PAHs, i.e., Nap (38.71 %; Shijiazhuang), BaA (40.09 %; Du'an wet season), Ace (16.84 %; Du'an dry season), Nap (43.51 %; Lanzhou), and BaA (57.43 %; Golmud). Overall, the PAHs of 101 samples were derived primarily from combustion and a small number of samples of PAHs originated from petroleum sources. Owing to strong adsorption in the vadose zone, the concentrations of PAHs in Shijiazhuang groundwater were lower than those in the groundwater of Golmud and Du'an. The groundwater in Du'an, Lanzhou and Golmud exhibits potential carcinogenic risk if consumed without further treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Qiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Binghui Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xingru Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45221-0012, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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4
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Effects of Persulfate Activation with Pyrite and Zero-Valent Iron for Phthalate Acid Ester Degradation. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are often detected in remediated groundwater using appropriate oxidant materials by in situ groundwater treatment. The study compares zero-valent iron–persulfate with a pyrite–persulfate system to degrade three PAEs—di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP). Column experiments were conducted, and rapid oxidation occurred in a pyrite–persulfate system due to sulfate radical generation. DMP concentration was found at about 60.0% and 53.0% with zero-valent iron (ZVI) and pyrite activation of persulfate, respectively. DBP concentration was measured as 25.0–17.2% and 23.2–16.0% using ZVI–persulfate and pyrite–persulfate systems, respectively. However, DEHP was not detected. The total organic carbon concentration lagged behind the Ʃ3 PAEs. Persulfate consumption with ZVI activation was half of the consumption with pyrite activation. Both systems showed a steady release of iron ions. Overall, the oxidation–reduction potential was higher with pyrite activation. The surface morphologies of ZVI and pyrite were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and XPS. Intensive corrosion occurs on the pyrite surface, whereas the ZVI surface is covered by a netting of iron oxides. The pyrite surface showed more oxidation and less passivation in comparison with ZVI, which results in more availability of Fe 2 + for persulfate activation. The pyrite–persulfate system is relatively preferred for rapid PAE degradation for contamination.
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Liu C, Chen X, Mack EE, Wang S, Du W, Yin Y, Banwart SA, Guo H. Evaluating a novel permeable reactive bio-barrier to remediate PAH-contaminated groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:444-451. [PMID: 30708346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are an environmentally-friendly, cost-effective in-situ technology that can be used to remediate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated groundwater. In this study, PRBs of two different materials (A and B) that relied on microbes self-domestication mechanism were designed and tested. The materials A and B were the same apart from their carbon source: A was based on wheat straw and B was based on coconut shell biochar. We used laboratory batch experiments followed by long-term column tests to assess the capacity of these two materials to remediate PAHs. The results showed that both A and B removed almost 100% of the phenanthrene. More carbon was released from A (80-500 mg/L) than from B (72-195 mg/L), and slightly more oxygen was released from B (7.31-10.31 mg/L) than A (7.15-9.64 mg/L). The release of organic carbon from material B was more stable than that from material A. The bacterial communities of both columns comprised members of the Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas genera that are known to degrade phenanthrene, and Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas were 7 times more abundant in column B than in column A. Material B is more promising for treating PAH-contaminated groundwater than material A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - E Erin Mack
- DuPont Corporate Remediation Group, Wilmington, DE, 19805, USA
| | - Shui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Wenchao Du
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Steven A Banwart
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Global Food and Environment Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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6
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Sheikh Fakhradini S, Moore F, Keshavarzi B, Lahijanzadeh A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediment of Hoor Al-Azim wetland, Iran: a focus on source apportionment, environmental risk assessment, and sediment-water partitioning. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:233. [PMID: 30900011 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The concentration, source, and ecological risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediment samples in Hoor Al-Azim wetland, a significant freshwater wetland in Lower Mesopotamia, were evaluated. Total PAHs concentrations varied from 15.3 to 160.15 ng/L, and 15.78 to 410.2 μg/Kg in water and sediment, respectively. PAHs pollution levels in sediments compared with sediment quality guidelines (SQG) were found to be moderate in two stations and low in water and the rest of sediment stations. Based on the diagnostic ratio analysis, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), the mean percentage contributions were 62.62% for mixed pyrogenic and petrogenic sources (e.g., unburned and combusted fossil fuels from fishing boats and vehicle engines, incomplete combustion, oil leakage), 20.68% for auto emission, and 16.7% for pyrogenic sources (fossil fuels and biomass combustion). According to the sediment risk assessment indices such as mean effects range-median quotient (M-ERM-Q), the ecological risk of multiple PAHs was low. Risk quotient (RQ) calculation of water samples suggested high ecological risk level for Benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), and low to moderate for other individual PAHs and ΣPAHs. The result of PAHs partitioning between sediment and water phases revealed that most PAHs prefer to accumulate in sediment. Sediments probably act as a secondary source for some PAHs in the oil collection and pumping station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheikh Fakhradini
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.
| | - Farid Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
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Kumar B, Verma VK, Kumar S, Sharma CS, Akolkar AB. Benzo(a)Pyrene Equivalency and Source Identification of Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments from Yamuna River. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1441878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupander Kumar
- National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Verma
- National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, India
| | - C. S. Sharma
- National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, India
| | - A. B. Akolkar
- National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, India
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Lin F, Han B, Ding Y, Li Q, Gao W, Zheng L. Distribution characteristics, sources, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Qinhuangdao coastal wetland, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:788-793. [PMID: 29066262 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-three samples were collected from the surface sediments of Qinhuangdao coastal wetlands in this survey. This research aimed to identify the PAHs contamination level, composition pattern, pollution sources, and assess the ecological risk of PAHs. The results showed that the sum of PAH concentrations ranged from 341.61ng/g to 4703.80ng/g (mean: 1367.80ng/g), which is higher than the reported values for different wetlands worldwide. Five- and four-ring PAHs (34.08% and 32.97% of Ʃ16PAHs, severally) were predominant in the wetland sediment. The PAH source distribution in the surface sediments was determined using diagnostic ratio and PCA/MLR. Consequently, multiple PAH sources were found. Of the total PAHs, 70.01% was derived from vehicular emission, 25.73% from coke oven, and 4.26% from petroleum-based product spills. The effect range low/effect range median (ERL/ERM) values indicated a low toxicity risk level. However, the DBahA concentrations exceeded the ERL level, and even the ERM level, in some stations. The mean effects range-median quotient (M-ERM-Q) suggests a low ecological risk for the PAHs, but a medium risk for some stations in the coastal wetland sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxiang Lin
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Bin Han
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Yu Ding
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qian Li
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Wei Gao
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Li Zheng
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
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9
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Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Momoge Wetland, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010085. [PMID: 28106776 PMCID: PMC5295336 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Momoge Nature Reserve is the research object of this study. Through field sampling, laboratory experiments and analysis, the contents, distribution characteristics, source identification, pollution levels and risk levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wetland soils were studied. The results show that the sum content of 16 types of PAHs (Σ16 PAH) in the wetland soil was within the range (0.029–0.4152) mg/kg. PAHs in wetland soil are primarily 2–3-rings PAHs. PAHs in the Momoge wetland soil have multiple sources: petroleum, combustion of petroleum and coal, and others, of which petroleum and the sum of combustion of petroleum and coal account for 38.0% and 59.3%, respectively. Research, using the standard index and pollution range methods, shows that the content of the PAH labelled Nap, found in the Momoge wetland soil, is excessive; some sampling sites exhibit a low level of pollution. The result of a biotoxicity assessment shows that there are two sampling sites that occasionally present an ecological toxicity hazard. The result of the organic carbon normalization process shows that an ecological risk exists only at sampling site No. 10.
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10
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Lu YC, Feng SJ, Zhang JJ, Luo F, Zhang S, Yang H. Genome-wide identification of DNA methylation provides insights into the association of gene expression in rice exposed to pesticide atrazine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18985. [PMID: 26739616 PMCID: PMC4704053 DOI: 10.1038/srep18985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is a pesticide widely used for controlling weeds for crop production. Crop contamination with ATR negatively affects crop growth and development. This study presents the first genome-wide single-base-resolution maps of DNA methylation in ATR-exposed rice. Widespread differences were identified in CG and non-CG methylation marks between the ATR-exposed and ATR-free (control) rice. Most of DNA methyltransferases, histone methyltransferases and DNA demethylase were differentially regulated by ATR. We found more genes hypermethylated than those hypomethylated in the regions of upstream, genebody and downstream under ATR exposure. A stringent group of 674 genes (p < 0.05, two-fold change) with a strong preference of differential expression in ATR-exposed rice was identified. Some of the genes were identified in a subset of loss of function mutants defective in DNA methylation/demethylation. Provision of 5-azacytidine (AZA, inhibitor of DNA methylation) promoted the rice growth and reduced ATR content. By UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS, 8 degraded products and 9 conjugates of ATR in AZA-treated rice were characterized. Two of them has been newly identified in this study. Our data show that ATR-induced changes in DNA methylation marks are possibly involved in an epigenetic mechanism associated with activation of specific genes responsible for ATR degradation and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Jun Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State key laboratory of food science and technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Inam E, Offiong NA, Essien J, Kang S, Kang SY, Antia B. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons loads and potential risks in freshwater ecosystem of the Ikpa River Basin, Niger Delta-Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:49. [PMID: 26690079 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the levels of 16 USEPA-prioritized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified in various environmental matrices in Ikpa River Basin and nearby dumpsites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The levels of the contaminants were further subjected to models to estimate possible sources and potential risks. The results obtained revealed that nearby dumpsites could be the major source of contamination of the Ikpa River Basin. The total sum of PAHs in water and sediment samples gave 926.6 μg/l and 1099.7 μg/kg, respectively. Higher concentrations, 3025.8 μg/kg, 3645.7 μg/kg, and 2457.2 μg/l, were recorded for nearby municipal dumpsite soil, hospital dumpsite soil, and landfill leachates, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and PAH molecular diagnostic ratios (MDRs) suggest that PAH loading in the river basin were mostly of pyrogenic origin. The risk assessment indicated that exposure to PAHs through dermal contact with sediments was most significant than oral ingestion of water and children were the most vulnerable group. Non-cancer (toxic) risks due to exposure to PAHs by oral ingestion of water from Ikpa River were within acceptable limits as the calculated hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard indexes (HIs) were below unity, suggesting negligible or no toxic risk. However, toxic risks through dermal contact with sediments reached unacceptable limits as HI values exceeded unity for all sample stations. Estimated cancer risks due to oral ingestion of water reached the USEPA minimum risk level (3.14 × 10(-5)) requiring public notification while risks due to dermal adsorption of PAHs from the sediments reached levels (2.10 × 10(-1)) requiring remediation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edu Inam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
- International Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (ICEESR), University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
| | - Nnanake-Abasi Offiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
- International Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (ICEESR), University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Essien
- International Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (ICEESR), University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Suil Kang
- International Environmental Analysis and Education Center (IEAEC), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kang
- International Environmental Analysis and Education Center (IEAEC), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bassey Antia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
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12
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McDaniel LD, Basso J, Pulster E, Paul JH. Sand patties provide evidence for the presence of Deepwater Horizon oil on the beaches of the West Florida Shelf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 97:67-77. [PMID: 26104828 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ecological consequences of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill are both long-term and pervasive. The distribution of toxicity and mutagenicity in the Gulf of Mexico suggests oil from the DWH spill could have contaminated the West Florida Shelf (WFS). We utilized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) analysis to determine presence and potential origin of oil contaminants in beach sand patty samples. PAH profiles from WFS beaches were statistically significantly similar to DWH contaminated samples from the Northeast Gulf of Mexico (Gulf Shores, AL; Ft. Pickens, FL). Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), a major component of Corexit 9500 dispersant was also detected in the sediments. DOSS concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 5.5ngg(-1) dry weight. Additionally, two samples from DWH oil contaminated beaches were acutely toxic and one WFS beach sediment sample was mutagenic. These observations provide support for the theory that DWH oil made its way onto beaches of the WFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D McDaniel
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, United States.
| | - J Basso
- University of Tennessee, United States
| | - E Pulster
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, United States
| | - J H Paul
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, United States
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13
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Isolation and characterization of actinobacteria from Yalujiang coastal wetland, North China. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Postigo C, Barceló D. Synthetic organic compounds and their transformation products in groundwater: occurrence, fate and mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 503-504:32-47. [PMID: 24974362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater constitutes the main source of public drinking water supply in many regions. Thus, the contamination of groundwater resources by organic chemicals is a matter of growing concern because of its potential effects on public health. The present manuscript compiles the most recent works related to the study of synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) in groundwater, with special focus on the occurrence of contaminants not or barely covered by previously published reviews, e.g., pesticide and pharmaceutical transformation products, lifestyle products, and industrial chemicals such as corrosion inhibitors, brominated and organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Moreover, the main challenges in managed aquifer recharge, i.e., reclaimed water injection and infiltration, and riverbank filtration, regarding natural attenuation of organic micropollutants are discussed, and insights into the future chemical quality of groundwater are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Postigo
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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