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Sanoh S, Hanada H, Kashiwagi K, Mori T, Goto-Inoue N, Suzuki KIT, Mori J, Nakamura N, Yamamoto T, Kitamura S, Kotake Y, Sugihara K, Ohta S, Kashiwagi A. Amiodarone bioconcentration and suppression of metamorphosis in Xenopus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105623. [PMID: 32956954 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trace concentrations of a number of pharmaceutically active compounds have been detected in the aquatic environment in many countries, where they are thought to have the potential to exert adverse effects on non-target organisms. Amiodarone (AMD) is one such high-risk compound commonly used in general hospitals. AMD is known to alter normal thyroid hormone (TH) function, although little information is available regarding the specific mechanism by which this disruption occurs. Anuran tadpole metamorphosis is a TH-controlled developmental process and has proven to be useful as a screening tool for environmental pollutants suspected of disrupting TH functions. In the present study, our objective was to clarify the effects of AMD on Xenopus metamorphosis as well as to assess the bioconcentration of this pharmaceutical in the liver. We found that AMD suppressed spontaneous metamorphosis, including tail regression and hindlimb elongation in pro-metamorphic stage tadpoles, which is controlled by endogenous circulating TH, indicating that AMD is a TH antagonist. In transgenic X. laevis tadpoles carrying plasmid DNA containing TH-responsive element (TRE) and a 5'-upstream promoter region of the TH receptor (TR) βA1 gene linked to a green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene, triiodothyronine (T3) exposure induced a strong EGFP expression in the hind limbs, whereas the addition of AMD to T3 suppressed EGFP expression, suggesting that this drug interferes with the binding of T3 to TR, leading to the inhibition of TR-mediated gene expression. We also found AMD to be highly bioconcentrated in the liver of pro-metamorphic X. tropicalis tadpoles, and we monitored hepatic accumulation of this drug using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Our findings suggest that AMD imposes potential risk to aquatic wildlife by disrupting TH homeostasis, with further possibility of accumulating in organisms higher up in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Hideki Hanada
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Mori
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi T Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Junpei Mori
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Naoki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Program of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Shigeyuki Kitamura
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan.
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Sugihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshinkai, Kure City, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kashiwagi
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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Thyroid-Disrupting Activities of Groundwater from a Riverbank Filtration System in Wuchang City, China: Seasonal Distribution and Human Health Risk Assessment. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/2437082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The recombinant thyroid hormone receptor (TR) gene yeast assay was used to evaluate thyroid disruption caused by groundwater from the riverbank filtration (RBF) system in Wuchang City, China. To investigate seasonal fluctuations, groundwater was collected during three seasons. Although no TR agonistic activity was found, many water samples exhibited TR antagonistic activity. The bioassay-derived amiodarone hydrochloride (AH) equivalents ranged from 2.99 to 274.40 μg/L. Water samples collected from the riverbank filtration system during the dry season had higher TR antagonistic activity. All samples presented adverse 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) equivalent levels, ranging from −2.00 to −2.12 μg/kg. Following exposure to water samples with substantial TR antagonist activity, predicted hormonal changes in humans of different gender and age ranged from 0.65 to 1.48 μg/kg of T3, being 47% to 231% of normal. No obvious difference was found between genders or among age groups. Overall, the results revealed that the RBF system could remove the thyroid-disrupting chemicals in the river water to some extent. Considering the varying degrees of risk to human health, further treatment is needed to remove the potential thyroid-disrupting chemicals in pumping water after riverbank filtration to ensure drinking water safety.
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