1
|
Chen L, Bai J, Wan J, Song Y, Xiang G, Duan R, Zheng Y. Endocrine system, cell growth and death, and energy metabolism induced by Sb(III) exposure in earthworm (Pheretima guillemi) revealed by transcriptome and metabolome analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124357. [PMID: 38866316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is known for its severe and extensive toxicity, and earthworms are considered important indicator organisms in soil ecosystems. Therefore, the present study investigated the mechanism of toxicity of the Sb at different concentrations (50, 200 mg/kg) on earthworms using biochemical indicators, pathological sections, as well as metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses. The results showed that as the exposure concentration increased, both the antioxidant system of earthworms, extent of intestinal damage, and their metabolomic characteristics were significantly enhanced. In the 50 and 200 mg/kg Sb treatment group, 30 and 177 significant differentially changed metabolites (DCMs) were identified, respectively, with the most DCMs being down- and up-regulated, respectively. Metabolomics analysis showed that the contents of dl-tryptophan, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, l-methionine, involved in the protein digestion and absorption as well as aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated under the 200 mg/kg treatment. At the transcriptional level, Sb mainly affected the immune system, nervous system, amino acid metabolism, endocrine system, and carbohydrate metabolism in earthworms. The integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that high doses of Sb regulated the metabolites and genes related to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in earthworms. Overall, these results revealed global responses beyond the scope of conventional toxicity endpoints and facilitated a more in-depth and comprehensive assessment of the toxic effects of Sb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China; Development and Utilization and Quality and Safety Control of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Central Hunan, Loudi, 417000, China.
| | - Juan Wan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China
| | - Ying Song
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China; Development and Utilization and Quality and Safety Control of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Central Hunan, Loudi, 417000, China
| | - Guohong Xiang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China; Development and Utilization and Quality and Safety Control of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Central Hunan, Loudi, 417000, China
| | - Renyan Duan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China; Development and Utilization and Quality and Safety Control of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Central Hunan, Loudi, 417000, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China; Development and Utilization and Quality and Safety Control of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Central Hunan, Loudi, 417000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yun X, Zhang L, Wang W, Gu J, Wang Y, He Y, Ji R. Composition, Release, and Transformation of Earthworm Tissue-Bound Residues of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2069-2077. [PMID: 38237036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Earthworms accumulate organic pollutants to form earthworm tissue-bound residues (EBRs); however, the composition and fate of EBRs in soil remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the fate of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)-derived EBRs in soil for 250 days using a 14C-radioactive isotope tracer and the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi. The EBRs of TBBPA in soil were rapidly transformed into nonextractable residues (NERs), mainly in the form of sequestered and ester-linked residues. After 250 days of incubation, 4.9% of the initially applied EBRs were mineralized and 69.3% were released to extractable residues containing TBBPA and its transformation products (TPs, generated mainly via debromination, O-methylation, and skeletal cleavage). Soil microbial activity and autolytic enzymes of earthworms jointly contributed to the release process. In their full-life period, the earthworms overall retained 24.1% TBBPA and its TPs in soil and thus prolonged the persistence of these pollutants. Our study explored, for the first time, the composition and fate of organic pollutant-derived EBRs in soil and indicated that the decomposition of earthworms may release pollutants and cause potential environmental risks of concern, which should be included in both environmental risk assessment and soil remediation using earthworms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianqiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren Y, Wang G, Bai X, Su Y, Zhang Z, Han J. Research progress on remediation of organochlorine pesticide contamination in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:25. [PMID: 38225511 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Deteriorated soil pollution has grown into a worldwide environmental concern over the years. Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues, featured with ubiquity, persistence and refractoriness, are one of the main pollution sources, causing soil degradation, fertility decline and nutritional imbalance, and severely impacting soil ecology. Furthermore, residual OCPs in soil may enter the human body along with food chain accumulation and pose a serious health threat. To date, many remediation technologies including physicochemical and biological ways for organochlorine pollution have been developed at home and abroad, but none of them is a panacea suitable for all occasions. Rational selection and scientific decision-making are grounded in in-depth knowledge of various restoration techniques. However, soil pollution treatment often encounters the interference of multiple factors (climate, soil properties, cost, restoration efficiency, etc.) in complex environments, and there is still a lack of systematic summary and comparative analysis of different soil OCP removal methods. Thus, to better guide the remediation of contaminated soil, this review summarized the most commonly used strategies for OCP removal, evaluated their merits and limitations and discussed the application scenarios of different methods. It will facilitate the development of efficient, inexpensive and environmentally friendly soil remediation strategies for sustainable agricultural and ecological development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuanjiao Bai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuying Su
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumari S, Gautam K, Seth M, Anbumani S, Manickam N. Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil by bacterial consortium in soil amended with Eisenia fetida and rhamnolipid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28082-y. [PMID: 37326724 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the concerted effort of Eisenia fetida and rhamnolipid JBR-425 in combination with a five-member bacterial consortium exhibiting elevated degradation levels of low and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from soil contaminated with Digboi crude oil. Application of bacterial consortium (G2) degraded 30-89% of selected PAH from the artificial soil after a 45-day post-exposure, in which chrysene showed the highest level of degradation with 89% and benzo(a)pyrene is the lowest with 30%, respectively. Moreover, an acute exposure study observed that earthworm biomass decreased, and mortality rates increased with increasing crude oil concentrations (0.25 to 2%). Earthworms with a 100% survival rate at 1% crude oil exposure suggest the tolerance potential and its mutual involvement in the bioremediation of crude oil with selected bacterial consortia. Bacterial consortium assisted with E. fetida (G3) showed 98% chrysene degradation with a slight change in benzo(a)pyrene degradation (35%) in crude oil spiked soil. Besides, the most dominant PAH in crude oil found in the current work, fluoranthene, undergoes 93% and 70% degradation in G3 and G5 groups, respectively. However, rhamnolipid JBR-425 coupled with the bacterial consortium (G5) has resulted in 97% degradation of chrysene and 33% for benzo(a)pyrene. Overall, bacterial consortium assisted with earthworm group has shown better degradation of selected PAH than bacterial consortium with biosurfactant. Catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GST) activity and MDA content was found to be reduced in earthworms after sub-lethal exposure, suggesting oxidative stress prevalence via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, the findings of the present work suggest that the application of a bacterial consortium, along with earthworm E. fetida, has huge potential for field restoration of contaminated soil with PAH and ecosystem sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, G D Goenka University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, C.R. Krishnamurti (CRK) Campus, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Monika Seth
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, C.R. Krishnamurti (CRK) Campus, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, C.R. Krishnamurti (CRK) Campus, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Natesan Manickam
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Silva S, Carson P, Indrapala DV, Warwick B, Reichman SM. Land application of industrial wastes: impacts on soil quality, biota, and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67974-67996. [PMID: 37138131 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, waste disposal options such as landfill, incineration, and discharge to water, are not preferred long-term solutions due to their social, environmental, political, and economic implications. However, there is potential for increasing the sustainability of industrial processes by considering land application of industrial wastes. Applying waste to land can have beneficial outcomes including reducing waste sent to landfill and providing alternative nutrient sources for agriculture and other primary production. However, there are also potential hazards, including environmental contamination. This article reviewed the literature on industrial waste applications to soils and assessed the associated hazards and benefits. The review investigated wastes in relation to soil characteristics, dynamics between soils and waste constituents, and possible impacts on plants, animals, and humans. The current body of literature demonstrates the potential for the application of industrial waste into agricultural soils. The main challenge for applying industrial wastes to land is the presence of contaminants in some wastes and managing these to enhance positive effects and reduce negative outcomes to within acceptable limits. Examination of the literature also revealed several gaps in the research and opportunities for further investigation: specifically, a lack of long-term experiments and mass balance assessments, variable waste composition, and negative public opinion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamali De Silva
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Macleod, VIC, 3085, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Peter Carson
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Barry Warwick
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Macleod, VIC, 3085, Australia
| | - Suzie M Reichman
- Centre for Anthropogenic Pollution Impact and Management (CAPIM), University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z. Improving pesticide fate models for a simple household food processing: considering multiple crop units. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30507-30520. [PMID: 35000168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To understand the fate of pesticides in crops during household cooking processes and human health risks associated with the ingestion of pesticide-contaminated crops, we propose unit-variability-enhanced models, which are capable of evaluating the removal efficiency of pesticides in multiple crop units by soaking in water. The approach integrates the lognormal production model to reveal the modeling mechanics of internal contamination among two crop units in one soaking bowl. The simulated results for 197 pesticides indicate that pesticides with larger unit-to-unit variability factors (VF) at the residue levels and diffusivity rates in water (DW) are more likely to cause internal contamination. Although internal contamination of pesticide residues between two crop units may occur, we find that the overall removal factor ([Formula: see text]) for two crop units is independent of the ratio of initial residue levels between the two crop units. Based on this discovery, we propose the unit-variability-based (UVB) rule to generalize the [Formula: see text] for an n-crop-unit system, where n crop units soak simultaneously in one container. In addition, we demonstrate that under the same consumable and recycling resources, the soaking of two crop units together in one container can yield a maximum mass removal of pesticides if the two units are randomly sampled. Although other factors, such as temperature and the nature of solutions in the cooking process, should be considered in future studies, our models suggest that this soaking method can be conveniently realized in households to reduce negative health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu SC, Gao JK, Chang BS. Isolation of lindane- and endosulfan-degrading bacteria and dominance analysis in the microbial communities by culture-dependent and independent methods. Microbiol Res 2021; 251:126817. [PMID: 34303071 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioremediation for lindane and endosulfan removal is a cost-effective approach, but its effectiveness depends on the ability to isolate degrading functionalized microorganisms. Researchers have isolated many lindane and endosulfan degrading bacteria from enrichment cultures based on culture-dependent methods during the past decades. However, it is unknown whether the isolated bacteria can reflect the indigenous predominant degraders in enriching cultures. In this study, we compared the culture-dependent method with selective medium isolation with culture-independent method (PacBio SMRT sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA amplicon) to analyze the bacterial communities from four distinct lindane (LA1 and LC1) and endosulfan (EA1 and EC1) enrichment cultures. From all the isolates we harvested from lindane (63 isolates) and endosulfan (61 isolates) enrichment cultures, their BLAST alignment can only match 5.49 % and 4.32 % of the bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), respectively. Rhodanbacter lindaniclasticus and Pandoraea thiooxydans were the rarely seen potential degrading representatives that were simultaneously enriched and isolated. This study is the first comparative analysis of microbial communities from lindane and endosulfan enrichment culture using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Our results suggested that developing a target-specific and efficient microbial isolation method is necessary to harvest and study representative degrading bacteria in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siang Chen Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Kai Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Sheng Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun J, Hang T, Cao L, Fan X, Feng Y, Tan L, Li K, Wang Q, Liu Y, Yang G. Assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and emerging brominated flame retardants in Pheretima (a Traditional Chinese Medicine): Occurrence, residue profiles, and potential health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116680. [PMID: 33592444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
China produces and consumes large quantities of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) as well as several other unregulated electronic waste recycling activities, causing high BFR concentrations in the natural environment. Thus, Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) may be contaminated by legacy BFRs (e.g. polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) and emerging BFRs (eBFRs, such as decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE)) during growth, processing, packaging, and transportation. Pheretima, which is a typical animal drug recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, was used as an example to evaluate human exposure to BFRs through TCM intake. This study is the first to determine 25 PBDEs and 5 eBFRs in Pheretima and estimate the daily BFR intake via Pheretima-containing TCMs. Twenty-seven Shanghai Pheretima and fifty-one Guang Pheretima samples were collected between March and June 2019 in southeast China. High BFR detection frequencies were found in Pheretima, of which BDE-209 and DBDPE were the most predominant analytes. The total PBDE contents ranged from 73 pg/g to 8,725 pg/g, while that of the eBFRs varied between 115 pg/g and 2,824 pg/g. The profiles and abundances were found to be species- and origin-dependent. However, the traditional processing of Pheretima may reduce BFR residues. Based on the usual clinical doses of Pheretima and the available chronic oral reference doses of BDE-47, 99, 153, and 209, the mean (95th percentile) of the total hazard quotient was estimated to be 9.1 × 10-5 (2.7 × 10-4). Therefore, there is little risk related to BFR exposure for patients taking formulated Pheretima-containing TCMs. However, it is necessary to establish routine monitoring programs for the co-existence of pollutants in TCMs to perform a systematic and comprehensive risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, PR China
| | - Taijun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ling Cao
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, PR China
| | - Xialei Fan
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, PR China
| | - Youlong Feng
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, PR China
| | - Li Tan
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, PR China
| | - Keyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Qinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yingxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Gongjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Raimondo EE, Saez JM, Aparicio JD, Fuentes MS, Benimeli CS. Bioremediation of lindane-contaminated soils by combining of bioaugmentation and biostimulation: Effective scaling-up from microcosms to mesocosms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111309. [PMID: 32882521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The scaling-up of lindane-contaminated soils bioremediation from microcosms to mesocosms bioaugmentated with an actinobacteria quadruple culture and biostimulated with sugarcane filter cake (SCFC) was surveyed. Mesocosms of silty loam soil, clayey soil, and sandy soil were polluted with the pesticide, bioaugmented with the mixed culture, biostimulated with adequate amounts of 0.5 mm SCFC particles, and assessed during 63 days maintaining environmental parameters with minimal intervention. Samples were taken to determine residual lindane, heterotrophic microorganisms, enzymatic activities, and bioremediation effectiveness using ecotoxicity tests with Raphanus sativus, Lactuca sativa, and Lycopersicon esculentum. The bioaugmentation and biostimulation of the three soils improved lindane removal, microbial counts, and enzymatic activities, and reduced pesticide T1/2, regarding the values obtained in non-bioremediated controls. The removal process was significantly affected by the soil type, and the highest pesticide dissipation (82.6%) was detected in bioremediated sandy soil. Ecotoxicity tests confirmed the bioremediation success through a rise in the vigor index of seedlings compared to non-treated soils (R. sativus: 12-22%; L. sativa: 12-20%; L. esculentum: 30-45%). Finally, scanning electron microscopy corroborated soil colonization by actinobacteria. Successful scaling-up of the combined application of an actinobacteria quadruple culture and SCFC as an appropriate strategy for restoring lindane-polluted soils at mesocosms-scale was confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo E Raimondo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juliana M Saez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan D Aparicio
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María S Fuentes
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claudia S Benimeli
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Belgrano 300, 4700, Catamarca, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Z. PBCLM: A top-down causal modeling framework for soil standards and global sustainable agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114404. [PMID: 32224386 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To help countries worldwide regulate agricultural soil standards for organic contaminants, this study developed the pastoral-based chemical lifecycle management (PBCLM) modeling framework, which comprehensively models the bottom-up causation of the chemicals' lifecycle at each level of the cattle industry and delivers top-down regulatory strategies. The lifecycle models for a total of 308 hydrophobic organic contaminants were constructed. The results indicated that the octanol-water partitioning coefficient (log KOW) values had the greater impact on the unit-legal-limit-based concentrations for contaminants at the producer level (i.e., grass) or higher. In addition, the analysis of the weather variables indicated that pastoral farming in warmer and drier places might lead to the bioaccumulation of more contaminants. By comparing the reference legal limits that were derived by the PBCLM, current soil standards might not be effective in protecting human health or harmonizing downstream food regulations. The PBCLM can help regulatory agencies better promulgate soil regulations to ensure sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang W, Lin Z, Pang S, Bhatt P, Chen S. Insights Into the Biodegradation of Lindane (γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane) Using a Microbial System. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:522. [PMID: 32292398 PMCID: PMC7119470 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) is an organochlorine pesticide that has been widely used in agriculture over the last seven decades. The increasing residues of lindane in soil and water environments are toxic to humans and other organisms. Large-scale applications and residual toxicity in the environment require urgent lindane removal. Microbes, particularly Gram-negative bacteria, can transform lindane into non-toxic and environmentally safe metabolites. Aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms follow different metabolic pathways to degrade lindane. A variety of enzymes participate in lindane degradation pathways, including dehydrochlorinase (LinA), dehalogenase (LinB), dehydrogenase (LinC), and reductive dechlorinase (LinD). However, a limited number of reviews have been published regarding the biodegradation and bioremediation of lindane. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding lindane-degrading microbes along with biodegradation mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and the microbial remediation of lindane-contaminated environments. The prospects of novel bioremediation technologies to provide insight between laboratory cultures and large-scale applications are also discussed. This review provides a theoretical foundation and practical basis to use lindane-degrading microorganisms for bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carboneras MB, Villaseñor J, Fernández FJ, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Selection of anodic material for the combined electrochemical-biological treatment of lindane polluted soil washing effluents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121237. [PMID: 31581020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the removal of lindane from soil washing effluents (SWEs) using combined electrochemical -biological processes. In particular, it has been evaluated the influence of the anodic material used in the electrolysis of the SWE on the biodegradability and toxicity of the effluents. Four anode materials were tested: Boron Doped Diamond (BDD), Carbon Felt (CF), and Mixed Metal Oxides Anodes with iridium and ruthenium (MMO-Ir and MMO-Ru). These materials were tested at different current densities and electric current charges applied. Lindane, TOC, sulphate, and chlorine species concentrations were monitored during electrochemical experiments, showing important differences in their evolution during the treatment. In spite of reaching a good removal of lindane with all the materials tested, results showed that Boron Doped Diamond working at 15 mA cm-2 achieved the best biodegradability results in the electrolyzed effluents, because the ratio BOD5/COD increased from 0.2 to 0.5, followed by Carbon Felt anode. Regarding toxicity, Carbon Felt decreased toxicity by 80%. Opposite to what it was expected, MMO anodes did not achieve biodegradability improvement and they only showed reduction in toxicity at high electrical charges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Carboneras
- Chemical Engineering Department. Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA). University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - José Villaseñor
- Chemical Engineering Department. Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA). University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Jesús Fernández
- Chemical Engineering Department. Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA). University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Andrés Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology. University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology. University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu M, Cao J, Wang C. Bioremediation by earthworms on soil microbial diversity and partial nitrification processes in oxytetracycline-contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109996. [PMID: 31785943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A large proportion (60-90%) of ingested tetracyclines are released to slurry, soils, surface waters and ground water, which has raised extensive concerns and may pose a risk to the soil ecosystem. A 56-day experiment was conducted to study the bioremediation by earthworms on soil microbial diversity and partial nitrification processes in oxytetracycline (OTC)-contaminated soil. The results showed that high OTC concentration significantly decreased the activity of soil bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA). Earthworms were found to accelerate the degradation efficiency and rate of OTC, and its main metabolites were 4-epi-oxytetracycline (EOTC) and 2-acetyl-2-decarboxamido-oxytetracycline (ADOTC). Earthworms had an important role in the bioremediation of soil microbial diversity by degrading OTC and its metabolite (EOTC), especially in the high OTC condition. Additionally, the results indicated that the effects of earthworms on the degradation of OTC could remediate the abundances of 16S rRNA and AOB amoA genes and the NO3- content in both low and high OTC-contaminated soils. The structural equation model suggested that earthworms could remediate the microbial diversity, the abundances of 16s rRNA and AOB amoA genes by accelerating the degradation of OTC, which contributed to the bioremediation by earthworms on soil microbial diversity and partial nitrification processes in oxytetracycline-contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia Cao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wacławek S, Silvestri D, Hrabák P, Padil VVT, Torres-Mendieta R, Wacławek M, Černík M, Dionysiou DD. Chemical oxidation and reduction of hexachlorocyclohexanes: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 162:302-319. [PMID: 31288141 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) and its isomers (HCH) are some of the most common and most easily detected organochlorine pesticides in the environment. The widespread distribution of lindane is due to its use as an insecticide, accompanied by its persistence and bioaccumulation, whereas HCH were disposed of as waste in unmanaged landfills. Unfortunately, certain HCH (especially the most reactive ones: γ- and α-HCH) are harmful to the central nervous system and to reproductive and endocrine systems, therefore development of suitable remediation methods is needed to remove them from contaminated soil and water. This paper provides a short history of the use of lindane and a description of the properties of HCH, as well as their determination methods. The main focus of the paper, however, is a review of oxidative and reductive treatment methods. Although these methods of HCH remediation are popular, there are no review papers summarising their principles, history, advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, recent advances in the chemical treatment of HCH are discussed and risks concerning these processes are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Wacławek
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniele Silvestri
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrabák
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Vinod V T Padil
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Torres-Mendieta
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Wacławek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Opole, ul. kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 705 Engineering Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oliveira Resende AP, Santos VSV, Campos CF, Morais CRD, de Campos Júnior EO, Oliveira AMMD, Pereira BB. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of contaminated soil from a complex of ceramic industries using earthworm Eisenia fetida. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:1058-1065. [PMID: 30303455 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1528572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine ecotoxicological parameters for biomonitoring of environmental risk of native soils from a ceramic industrial area that had been contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) by using the earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Initially, lab tests were conducted to compare earthworm (Eisenia fetida) growth, survival, morphology, behavior, and reproduction rates following exposure to six concentrations of contaminated soil at 0%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, or 100% mixed in artificial soil and cow dung following a 28-d incubation period. The second experiment consisted of utilizing Eisenia fetida in a predetermined lowest observed effect concentration to measure heavy metals bioaccumulation from superficial soil collected from a ceramic industrial area following a 56-d exposure. Data demonstrated that in the lab earthworms maintained at 6.25% of contaminated soil, exhibited significant increase in mean weight, bioaccumulation of Cd and Cr associated with a significant decrease in the amount of Cd and Cr in the soil. At field testing, similar results that were observed as in the lab as evidenced by rise in mean weight, higher levels of Cd and Cr in the earthworm tissue accompanied by significant fall in soil levels of Cd and Cr. In conclusion, at tested relevant environmental concentrations, the use of Eisenia fetida for assessing ecotoxicological risk arising from contaminated soil due to ceramic industrial pollutant emissions was found to be an effective tool for biomonitoring program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Oliveira Resende
- a Department of Environmental Health , Federal University of Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
- b Institute of Biotechnology , Federal University of Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Santana Vieira Santos
- a Department of Environmental Health , Federal University of Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
- b Institute of Biotechnology , Federal University of Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu X, Cui Z, Wang S. Joint toxicity on hepatic detoxication enzymes in goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to binary mixtures of lead and paraquat. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 62:60-68. [PMID: 29986279 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to single exposure, chemical mixtures might induce joint toxicity including additive, synergistic and antagonistic effects on both organisms and environment. Owing to the specific toxicity of oxidative stress and binding to proteins, lead (Pb) is generally recognized a non-essential and threatening heavy metal to animals and human. Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide in agriculture and can trigger oxidative stress as well as Pb. Little information was available about joint effects of the two chemicals on toxicological responses in organisms, especially in fish. In our present study, goldfish (Carassius auratus) were randomly exposed to single and combined experiments with different concentrations of Pb and PQ for 28 days. Activities of four enzyme biomarkers in liver, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin-O-debenzyloxylase (BFCOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) were evaluated in each experimental group on day 14 and 28. The results showed four enzyme levels were markedly reduced with the increase of concentrations in mixtures and prolonged exposure. The inhibitory EROD and BFCOD activities were not significantly changed in goldfish following PQ-treated groups with or without 0.5 mg/L Pb, which indicated PQ has more inhibitory toxicity on CYP450 enzymes than Pb in co-exposure groups. However, the reduced values of GST were observed only in the combinations containing high doses of Pb or PQ during experimental periods. Although the responses of UGT activity were similar to GST on 14th day, all combinations of Pb and PQ generated stronger inhibitions on UGT activities compared to individual Pb and PQ-treated group. These results suggested that combined exposure of Pb and PQ have more inhibitory toxicity on phase I enzymes than phase II enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Zhaojie Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kumar D, Pannu R. Perspectives of lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) biodegradation from the environment: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-018-0213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
18
|
Gómez-Lavín S, San Román MF, Ortiz I, Fernández J, de Miguel P, Urtiaga A. Dioxins and furans legacy of lindane manufacture in Sabiñánigo (Spain). The Bailín landfill site case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:955-962. [PMID: 29275258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) manufacture in Spain generated nearly 200,000tonnes of HCH wastes; near 160,000tonnes were originated by the Inquinosa factory located in Sabiñánigo (northern Spain) and were deposited in unlined landfill sites. This study reports for the first time the content of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) in non-recycled HCH wastes that had been disposed in the Bailín landfill site in Sabiñánigo. Samples from solid HCH powder residues (white HCH and δ-paste wastes) and the dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), as well as landfill leachates, soil and sediments have been characterized. White HCH wastes exhibited a toxicity of 1488ngWHO-TEQ2005·kg-1 (Σ17 PCDD/Fs), while δ-paste wastes presented a noticeable higher toxicity (12,094ngWHO-TEQ2005·kg-1). Nevertheless, the maximum toxicity value was found for DNAPLs (37,353ngWHO-TEQ2005·L-1). Dioxins were predominant in the DNAPL waste whereas furans predominated in the landfill leachates, soil and sediments. However, in solid HCH wastes, PCDD and PCDFs contributed in a similar proportion. The PCDD/Fs congener profiles in landfill leachates, soil and sediments do not resemble the PCDD/Fs profiles found for the HCH wastes. These preliminary results will be of paramount importance in order to estimate the total quantities of PCDD/Fs disposed to the landfill site and to assess the potential mobility of PCDD/Fs, especially to groundwater and landfill leachates. Besides, this information is of great value to design periodical monitoring plans to evaluate the presence of PCDD/Fs in the impacted groundwater and leachates and finally, to evaluate the risk of PCDD/Fs for the environment and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gómez-Lavín
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; SERCROM - Servicios Científico-Técnicos de Investigación, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - María Fresnedo San Román
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Fernández
- Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment, Government of Aragon, San Pedro Nolasco Square, 50071 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ane Urtiaga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu X, Cui Z, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang S. Toxicological responses on cytochrome P450 and metabolic transferases in liver of goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to lead and paraquat. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 151:161-169. [PMID: 29353166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both lead (Pb) and paraquat (PQ) can generate serious oxidative stress in target organs which result in irreversible toxic effects on organisms. They can disturb the normal catalytic activities of many enzymes by means of different toxicity mechanism. The changed responses of enzymes are frequently used as the biomarkers for indicating the relationship between toxicological effects and exposure levels. In this work, goldfish was exposed to a series of test groups containing lead and paraquat in the range of 0.05-10mg/L, respectively. Four hepatic enzyme activities, including 7-ethoxyresorufinO-deethylase (EROD), 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin-O-debenzyloxylase (BFCOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) were determined after 1, 7, 14, 28 days exposure. The results showed that the activities of EROD and BFCOD in fish were significantly inhibited in response to paraquat at all exposure levels during the whole experiment. Similarly, the inhibitory effects of lead exposure on BFCOD activity were found in our study, while different responses of lead on EROD were observed. There were no significant differences on EROD activity under lower concentrations of lead (less than 0.1mg/L) before 14 days until an obvious increase was occurred for the 0.5mg/L lead treatment group at day 14. Furthermore, lead showed stronger inhibition on GST activity than paraquat when the concentrations of the two toxicants were more than 0.5mg/L. However, the similar dose and time-dependent manners of UGT activity were found under lead and paraquat exposure. Our results indicated that higher exposure levels and longer accumulations caused inhibitory effects on the four enzymes regardless of lead or paraquat stress. In addition, the responses of phase I enzymes were more sensitive than that of phase II enzymes and they may be served as the acceptable biomarkers for evaluating the toxicity effects of both lead and paraquat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Zhaojie Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Xinlei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xixin Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Su Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| |
Collapse
|