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Anglana C, Capaci P, Barozzi F, Migoni D, Rojas M, Stigliano E, Di Sansebastiano GP, Papadia P. Dittrichia viscosa Selection Strategy Based on Stress Produces Stable Clonal Lines for Phytoremediation Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2499. [PMID: 37447060 PMCID: PMC10346588 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Dittrichia viscosa uptake and translocation of the metalloid As is not fully understood and some data are contradictory, but its adaptability to this pollutant is known and is dependent on its genetic variability. D. viscosa is not a hyperaccumulator plant, but it can grow in high-drought conditions while still producing large biomass, even tolerating significant concentrations of As3+ and As5+. In spite of these remarkable characteristics, adaptive modification of performances is not predictable in wild populations. In previous work, we established experimental clonal populations to perform a functional study on the aquaporin NIP1.1. Here, we propose a strategy to select a clonal population of D. viscosa with a defined phenotype related to As tolerance and to reduced NIP1.1 expression levels for phytoremediation applications. From the previous work, we selected four independent clones, two of them belonging to the weak population (W8 and W9) and the other two belonging to the strong population (S1 and S3). The weak and strong populations differ for a different expression ratio root/shoot of DvNip1;1 that brings a different tolerance to As presence. The stress response of the populations, revealed by the CAT enzymatic test, was statistically correlated to the clones, but not to As uptake. Performance of the selected plants on a second unrelated metallic pollutant, Cd, was evaluated, showing that Cd uptake is also independent from the tolerant phenotype. In vitro culture methods using solid media and temporary immersion bioreactors were compared to propose an optimized combined protocol. The procedure yielded propagation of genetically stable tolerant clonal lines with good uptake of As and Cd. The plants, mass-produced with the developed in vitro protocol, were able to maintain their acquired abilities and are potentially able be later applied in phytoremediation or contaminated areas' re-naturalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Anglana
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.A.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (D.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Piergiorgio Capaci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.A.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (D.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Fabrizio Barozzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.A.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (D.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.A.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (D.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Makarena Rojas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.A.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (D.M.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.A.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (D.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Paride Papadia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.A.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (D.M.); (M.R.)
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Effect of Thallium(I) on Growth, Nutrient Absorption, Photosynthetic Pigments, and Antioxidant Response of Dittrichia Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030678. [PMID: 36978926 PMCID: PMC10045270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dittrichia plants were exposed to thallium (Tl) stress (10, 50, and 100 µM) for 7 days. The Tl toxicity altered the absorption and accumulation of other nutrients. In both the roots and the leaves, there was a decline in K, Mg, and Fe content, but an increase in Ca, Mn, and Zn. Chlorophylls decreased, as did the photosynthetic efficiency, while carotenoids increased. Oxidative stress in the roots was reflected in increased lipid peroxidation. There was more production of superoxide (O2.−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO) in the roots than in the leaves, with increases in both organs in response to Tl toxicity, except for O2.− production in the roots, which fluctuated. There was increased hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production, especially in the leaves. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) showed increased activities, except for APX and MDHAR in the roots and GR in the leaves. The components of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle were affected. Thus, ascorbate (AsA) increased, while dehydroascorbate (DHA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) decreased, except for in the roots at 100 µM Tl, which showed increased GSH. These Tl toxicity-induced alterations modify the AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG redox status. The NO and H2S interaction may act by activating the antioxidant system. The effects of Tl could be related to its strong affinity for binding with -SH groups, thus altering the functionality of proteins and the cellular redox state.
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Martinez-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garcia C, Valdez-Salas B, Santacruz-Ruvalcaba F, Di Mascio P, Beltran-Garcia MJ. Micropropagation of Seed-Derived Clonal Lines of the Endangered Agave marmorata Roezl and Their Compatibility with Endophytes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101423. [PMID: 36290326 PMCID: PMC9598202 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The wild Agave marmorata Roezl has been classified as an endangered species. Extracting these plants from the forest for commercial purposes and long maturation periods of close to 30 years have contributed to their loss. A. marmorata interacts with pollinators and other Agaves species to maintain genetic variability. Thus, the conservation and restoration of the agave ecosystem is an ecological challenge. Typically, agave micropropagation use meristem or leaves as explants to rapidly produce uniform agave plants in age and size on a large scale leading to homogeneous plantations. However, introducing these clones to the field reduces genetic variability. This study evaluated in vitro micropropagation of A. marmorata from seeds to generate clonal lines. The selected seedlings exhibited variations in multiplication capacity and stable tissue formation. Variations in clonal lines could be exploited to produce high-quality plants with different capacities, such as faster propagation, enhanced stress adaptation, and continued growth under nutrient limitation conditions, consequently maintaining genetic variability. Furthermore, some clonal lines were inoculated with four endophytic bacteria to identify other differences among these plants, including endophyte-host compatibility. Variable responses to inoculation were observed among clonal lines. We found that Achromobacter xylosoxidans was compatible, unlike Enterobacter cloacae which caused plant death. Abstract A. marmorata is the raw material used for tepextate mescal production but is classified as an endangered species. In the present study, we obtain and multiply clonal lines of Agave marmorata Roezl by selecting seedlings derived from seeds. Ten seedlings from two lots of 400 germinated seeds were selected for axillary bud proliferation induced by BAP 5 mg/L in vitamin-free Murashige and Skoog’s medium. Differences in shoot numbers, heights and senescent tissue formation were observed. Notably, the AM32 line formed 84 shoots and presented low senescent tissue after 60 d of culture. We also selected the AM31 and AM33 clonal lines. Four-month shoots were extracted with 80% methanol in water to determine the total content of saponins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids and compare the three clonal lines. Some bioactive molecules were identified using HPLC techniques and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry none showed significant differences in content. Additionally, plants derived from the clonal lines were inoculated with four endophytic bacteria. Among these, Achromobacter xylosoxidans supported plant growth of AM32. A notable effect of plant death was observed after inoculation with Enterobacter cloacae, an endophyte of A. tequilana. Additionally, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an endophyte from A. marmorata, reduced biomass. Our results demonstrate the incompatibility of A. marmorata to E. cloacae and specialization between the host plant and its endophytes. The compatibility of the plant-endophyte could be exploited to boost the establishment and stability of mutualisms to benefit plant development, stress tolerance and pathogen resistance. The differences in multiplication capacity, stable tissue formation, and endophyte biotization responses may indicate genetic variability. Clonal selection and micropropagation from seed-derived plants could contribute to conserving the endangered A. marmorata plant for reforestation in their natural habitats, thus, assuring mass propagation for sustainable industrial production of mescal, bioactive compounds, and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- America Martinez-Rodriguez
- Engineering Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21280, Baja California, Mexico
- Lab 309-E Building, Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Celia Beltran-Garcia
- Lab 309-E Building, Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Valdez-Salas
- Engineering Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21280, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Fernando Santacruz-Ruvalcaba
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departament of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.D.M.); (M.J.B.-G.)
| | - Miguel J. Beltran-Garcia
- Lab 309-E Building, Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Biotecnologicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (P.D.M.); (M.J.B.-G.)
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Scala A, Loperto I, Triassi M, Improta G. Risk Factors Analysis of Surgical Infection Using Artificial Intelligence: A Single Center Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10021. [PMID: 36011656 PMCID: PMC9408161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) have a major role in the evolution of medical care. Despite centuries of medical progress, the management of surgical infection remains a pressing concern. Nowadays, the SSIs continue to be an important factor able to increase the hospitalization duration, cost, and risk of death, in fact, the SSIs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern health care. Methods: A study based on statistical test and logistic regression for unveiling the association between SSIs and different risk factors was carried out. Successively, a predictive analysis of SSIs on the basis of risk factors was performed. Results: The obtained data demonstrated that the level of surgery contamination impacts significantly on the infection rate. In addition, data also reveals that the length of postoperative hospital stay increases the rate of surgical infections. Finally, the postoperative length of stay, surgery department and the antibiotic prophylaxis with 2 or more antibiotics are a significant predictor for the development of infection. Conclusions: The data report that the type of surgery department and antibiotic prophylaxis there are a statistically significant predictor of SSIs. Moreover, KNN model better handle the imbalanced dataset (48 infected and 3983 healthy), observing highest accuracy value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Scala
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Loperto
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Research in Health Care Management and Innovation in Health Care (CIRMIS), University of Naples “Federico II”, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Improta
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Research in Health Care Management and Innovation in Health Care (CIRMIS), University of Naples “Federico II”, 80100 Naples, Italy
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De Paolis A, De Caroli M, Rojas M, Curci LM, Piro G, Di Sansebastiano GP. Evaluation of Dittrichia viscosa Aquaporin Nip1.1 Gene as Marker for Arsenic-Tolerant Plant Selection. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151968. [PMID: 35956446 PMCID: PMC9370626 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter is gaining attention for its high genetic plasticity and ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions, including heavy metal and metalloid pollution. Uptake and translocation of cadmium, copper, iron, nickel, lead, and zinc to the shoots have been characterized, but its performance with arsenic is less known and sometimes contradictory. Tolerance to As is not related to a reduced uptake, but the null mutation of the aquaporin Nip1.1 gene in Arabidopsis makes the plant completely resistant to the metalloid. This aquaporin, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, is responsible for arsenite and antimony (Sb) membrane permeation, but the uptake of arsenite occurs also in the null mutant, suggesting a more sophisticated action mechanism than direct uptake. In this study, the DvNip1 gene homologue is cloned and its expression profile in roots and shoots is characterized in different arsenic stress conditions. The use of clonal lines allowed to evidence that DvNip1.1 expression level is influenced by arsenic stress. The proportion of gene expression in roots and shoots can be used to generate an index that appears to be a promising putative selection marker to predict arsenic-resistant lines of Dittrichia viscosa plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo De Paolis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA-CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Monica De Caroli
- DiSTeBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Makarena Rojas
- DiSTeBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Maria Curci
- DiSTeBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriella Piro
- DiSTeBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Gian-Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- DiSTeBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (M.R.); (L.M.C.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Colella Y, Valente AS, Rossano L, Trunfio TA, Fiorillo A, Improta G. A Fuzzy Inference System for the Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in an Operating Room to Prevent Surgical Site Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063533. [PMID: 35329215 PMCID: PMC8955589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air quality in hospital operating rooms is of great concern for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSI). A wide range of relevant medical and engineering literature has shown that the reduction in air contamination can be achieved by introducing a more efficient set of controls of HVAC systems and exploiting alarms and monitoring systems that allow having a clear report of the internal air status level. In this paper, an operating room air quality monitoring system based on a fuzzy decision support system has been proposed in order to help hospital staff responsible to guarantee a safe environment. The goal of the work is to reduce the airborne contamination in order to optimize the surgical environment, thus preventing the occurrence of SSI and reducing the related mortality rate. The advantage of FIS is that the evaluation of the air quality is based on easy-to-find input data established on the best combination of parameters and level of alert. Compared to other literature works, the proposed approach based on the FIS has been designed to take into account also the movement of clinicians in the operating room in order to monitor unauthorized paths. The test of the proposed strategy has been executed by exploiting data collected by ad-hoc sensors placed inside a real operating block during the experimental activities of the “Bacterial Infections Post Surgery” Project (BIPS). Results show that the system is capable to return risk values with extreme precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Colella
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy; (Y.C.); (A.S.V.); (L.R.)
| | - Antonio Saverio Valente
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy; (Y.C.); (A.S.V.); (L.R.)
| | - Lucia Rossano
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy; (Y.C.); (A.S.V.); (L.R.)
| | - Teresa Angela Trunfio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonella Fiorillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Improta
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Research in Healthcare Management and Innovation in Healthcare (CIRMIS), University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Bali AS, Sidhu GPS. Arsenic acquisition, toxicity and tolerance in plants - From physiology to remediation: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131050. [PMID: 34147983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Globally, environmental contamination by potentially noxious metalloids like arsenic is becoming a critical concern to the living organisms. Arsenic is a non-essential metalloid for plants and can be acclimatised in plants to toxic levels. Arsenic acquisition by plants poses serious health risks in human due to its entry in the food chain. High arsenic regimes disturb plant water relations, promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce oxidative outburst in plants. This review evidences a conceivable tie-up among arsenic levels, speciation, its availability, uptake, acquisition, transport, phytotoxicity and arsenic detoxification in plants. The role of different antioxidant enzymes to confer plant tolerance towards the enhanced arsenic distress has also been summed up. Additionally, the mechanisms involved in the modulation of different genes coupled with arsenic tolerance have been thoroughly discussed. This review is intended to present an overview to rationalise the contemporary progressions on the recent advances in phytoremediation approaches to overcome ecosystem contamination by arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India.
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Espinosa-Vellarino FL, Garrido I, Ortega A, Casimiro I, Espinosa F. Response to Antimony Toxicity in Dittrichia viscosa Plants: ROS, NO, H 2S, and the Antioxidant System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111698. [PMID: 34829569 PMCID: PMC8615290 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dittrichia viscosa plants were grown hydroponically with different concentrations of Sb. There was preferential accumulation of Sb in roots. Fe and Cu decreased, while Mn decreased in roots but not in leaves. Chlorophyll content declined, but the carotenoid content increased, and photosynthetic efficiency was unaltered. O2●− generation increased slightly, while lipid peroxidation increased only in roots. H2O2, NO, ONOO−, S-nitrosothiols, and H2S showed significant increases, and the enzymatic antioxidant system was altered. In roots, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) activities declined, dehydroscorbate reductase (DHAR) rose, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were unaffected. In leaves, SOD and POX increased, MDAR decreased, and APX was unaltered, while GR increased. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and l-cysteine desulfhydrilase (l-DES) increased in activity, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) decreased in leaves but was enhanced in roots. Components of the AsA/GSH cycle decreased. The great capacity of Dittrichia roots to accumulate Sb is the reason for the differing behaviour observed in the enzymatic antioxidant systems of the two organs. Sb appears to act by binding to thiol groups, which can alter free GSH content and SOD and GST activities. The coniferyl alcohol peroxidase activity increased, possibly to lignify the roots’ cell walls. Sb altered the ROS balance, especially with respect to H2O2. This led to an increase in NO and H2S acting on the antioxidant system to limit that Sb-induced redox imbalance. The interaction NO, H2S and H2O2 appears key to the response to stress induced by Sb. The interaction between ROS, NO, and H2S appears to be involved in the response to Sb.
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Leonardi C, Toscano V, Genovese C, Mosselmans JFW, Ngwenya BT, Raccuia SA. Evaluation of cadmium and arsenic effects on wild and cultivated cardoon genotypes selected for metal phytoremediation and bioenergy purposes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55102-55115. [PMID: 34128170 PMCID: PMC8494702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cynara cardunculus L. is a multipurpose crop, characterized by high production of biomass suitable for energy purposes and green chemistry. Taking advantage of its already demonstrated ability to grow in polluted environments that characterize many world marginal lands, the aim of this work was to investigate the response of different cardoon genotypes to exposure to cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) pollution, in order to use this crop for rehabilitation of contaminated sites and its biomass for energy production. In this study, seeds of two wild cardoon accessions harvested in rural and industrial Sicilian areas and of a selected line of domestic cardoon were used, and the grown plants were spiked with As and Cd, alone or in combination, at two different concentrations (500 and 2000 μM) and monitored for 45 days. The growth parameters showed that all the plants survived until the end of experiment, with growth stimulation in the presence of low concentrations of As and Cd, relative to metal-free controls. Biomass production was mostly allocated in the roots in As treatment and in the shoots in Cd treatment. Cd EXAFS analysis showed that tolerance to high concentrations of both metals was likely linked to complexation of Cd with oxygen-containing ligands, possibly organic acids, in both root and leaf biomass with differences in behaviour among genotypes. Under As+Cd contamination, the ability of the plants to translocate As to aboveground system increased also showing that, for both metal(loid)s, there were significant differences between genotypes studied. Moreover, the results showed that Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris collected in an industrial area is the genotype that, among those studied, had the best phytoextraction capability for each metal(loid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leonardi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne, 81, 95124, Catania, Italy.
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Empedocle, 58, 95128, Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Toscano
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Empedocle, 58, 95128, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Genovese
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Empedocle, 58, 95128, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Salvatore Antonino Raccuia
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Empedocle, 58, 95128, Catania, Italy
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Abstract
Abandoned mine lands (AMLs), which are considered some of the most dangerous anthropogenic activities in the world, are a source of hazards relating to potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Traditional reclamation techniques, which are expensive, time-consuming and not well accepted by the general public, cannot be used on a large scale. However, plant-based techniques have gained acceptance as an environmentally friendly alternative over the last 20 years. Plants can be used in AMLs for PTE phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization. We reviewed these phytoremediation techniques, paying particular attention to the selection of appropriate plants in each case. In order to assess the suitability of plants for phytoremediation purposes, the accumulation capacity and tolerance mechanisms of PTEs was described. We also compiled a collection of interesting actual examples of AML phytoremediation. On-site studies have shown positive results in terms of soil quality improvement, reduced PTE bioavailability, and increased biodiversity. However, phytoremediation strategies need to better characterize potential plant candidates in order to improve PTE extraction and to reduce the negative impact on AMLs.
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Khan AHA, Kiyani A, Mirza CR, Butt TA, Barros R, Ali B, Iqbal M, Yousaf S. Ornamental plants for the phytoremediation of heavy metals: Present knowledge and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110780. [PMID: 33539835 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental matrices are polluted with the plethora of contaminants, and among these, the concerns related to heavy metals (HMs) are also included. Due to the low cost in a long-term application and environmental friendliness, the use of biological remediation has gained significant attention in recent decades. The use of ornamental plants (OPs) in the field of phytoremediation is scarcely reported, and the impacts of HMs on OPs have also not been investigated in great depth. The OPs mediated HMs remediation can simultaneously remove contaminants and bring improvement in aesthetics of the site. The biomass of OPs produced after such activities can be used and sold as pot plants, cut flowers, essential oils, perfumes, air fresheners production, metal phytomining, and feedstock in silk production. The OPs also present a lower risk of HMs bioaccumulation compared to crop plants. This review focuses on the current knowledge of HMs toxicity to OPs, their applicability advantages, methods to improve the tolerance of OPs with incremented HMs uptake, challenges in the field, and future application perspectives. The case studies realted to practical application of OPs, from China, Iran, India, Oman, Pakistan, and Turkey, were also discussed. This work fetches the inter-disciplinary features and understanding for the sustainable treatment of HMs in a new novel way, to which no previous review has focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqib Hassan Ali Khan
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University (Karachi Campus), Karachi, 75260, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Kiyani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Cyrus Raza Mirza
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tayyab Ashfaq Butt
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rocío Barros
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials and Advanced Industrial Technologies, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, 09001, Spain
| | - Basit Ali
- Department of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sohail Yousaf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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12
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Irshad S, Xie Z, Mehmood S, Nawaz A, Ditta A, Mahmood Q. Insights into conventional and recent technologies for arsenic bioremediation: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:18870-18892. [PMID: 33586109 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) bioremediation has been an economical and sustainable approach, being practiced widely under several As-contaminated environments. Bioremediation of As involves the use of bacteria, fungi, yeast, plants, and genetically modified organisms for detoxification/removal of As from the contaminated site. The understanding of multi-factorial biological components involved in these approaches is complex and more and more efforts are on their way to make As bioremediation economical and efficient. In this regard, we systematically reviewed the recent literature (n=200) from the last two decades regarding As bioremediation potential of conventional and recent technologies including genetically modified plants for phytoremediation and integrated approaches. Also, the responsible mechanisms behind different approaches have been identified. From the literature, it was found that As bioremediation through biosorption, bioaccumulation, phytoextraction, and volatilization involving As-resistant microbes has proved a very successful technology. However, there are various pathways of As tolerance of which the mechanisms have not been fully understood. Recently, phytosuction separation technology has been introduced and needs further exploration. Also, integrated approaches like phytobial, constructed wetlands using As-resistant bacteria with plant growth-promoting activities have not been extensively studied. It is speculated that the integrated bioremediation approaches with practical applicability and reliability would prove most promising for As remediation. Further technological advancements would help explore the identified research gaps in different approaches and lead us toward sustainability and perfection in As bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Irshad
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoming Xie
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Asad Nawaz
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan.
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China.
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13
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Guarino F, Miranda A, Castiglione S, Cicatelli A. Arsenic phytovolatilization and epigenetic modifications in Arundo donax L. assisted by a PGPR consortium. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126310. [PMID: 32443249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic-(As) pollution is an increasing threat across the globe and it is reaching harmful values in several areas of the world. In this perspective, we assayed bio-phyto-remediation technology using Arundo donax L., assisted by Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) consortium (BC) constituted of two strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia sp. and one of Agrobacterium sp.; furthermore, we assayed the epigenetic response to As pollution. The three bacterial strains initially evaluated for their As tolerance, revealed different resistance to both forms of As[As(III) and As(V)] however at concentration greater than those foreseen in the phytoremediation experiment (2.0, 10.0, 20.0 mgL-1 of NaAsO2). At the end of the trial plant biomass and As concentration were measured. Plants did not show any visible signs of toxicity, rather the leaf and stem biomass slightly increased in the presence of As and/or PGPBs; moreover, although the Bioaccumulation Factor was double in the presence of BC, the absolute values of As accumulation in the Arundo plants were very low, both in the presence or absence of BC and only detectable in the presence of the highest As dose (20 mgL-1 As). In this case, regardless the presence of PGPB, ≈25% of As remained in the sand and ≈0.15% was accumulated in the plant, whilst the remaining 75% was volatilized by transpiration. Finally, the methylation sensitive amplified polymorphisms (MSAP) of leaves were analyzed in order to investigate their epigenetic response to As and/or BC. Our results suggest that epigenetic modifications are involved in stress response and As detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Guarino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Angela Cicatelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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14
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De Agostini A, Caltagirone C, Caredda A, Cicatelli A, Cogoni A, Farci D, Guarino F, Garau A, Labra M, Lussu M, Piano D, Sanna C, Tommasi N, Vacca A, Cortis P. Heavy metal tolerance of orchid populations growing on abandoned mine tailings: A case study in Sardinia Island (Italy). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:110018. [PMID: 31812823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how environmental pollutants influence plant occurrence, growth, and development is key for effective management plans and potential bioremediation. Rare plants, such as orchids, may occur in modified habitats and on soils containing heavy metals, yet their ecological and physiological responses to heavy metals is poorly understood. We investigated the influence of heavy metal pollution on orchid growth rates and interactions with soil fungal mutualists by comparing a large population of the orchid Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz subsp. tremolsii (Pau) E. Klein that grows on mine tailings in south-west Sardinia (Italy) with a population that grows on non-contaminated soils in central Sardinia. Soils of the contaminated site had high levels of heavy metals and low organic matter and nutritive elements content. We performed a morphological analysis on twenty individuals that have been subjected to measurement of bioaccumulation and translocation of heavy metals. Fungi associated with the roots of plants from the contaminated and uncontaminated site were grown and identified by DNA barcoding approach. Plants from the contaminated site were smaller than the ones growing in the uncontaminated site and were found to be able to tolerate heavy metals from the soil and to accumulate and translocate them into their organs. Fungi belonging to the genus Ilyonectria (Ascomycota) were found both in contaminated and uncontaminated sites, while an unidentified fungus was isolated from roots in the contaminated site only. These results are discussed in terms of orchids' tolerance to heavy metals and its physiological and ecological mechanisms. The role of contaminated habitats in harbouring orchids and peculiar taxa is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Agostini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria (Blocco D) - S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Alberto Caredda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Angela Cicatelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Annalena Cogoni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Domenica Farci
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesco Guarino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Garau
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria (Blocco D) - S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of biotecnology and bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Michele Lussu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Dario Piano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Nicola Tommasi
- Department of biotecnology and bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Andrea Vacca
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria (Blocco D) - S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cortis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
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15
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Guarino C, Zuzolo D, Marziano M, Baiamonte G, Morra L, Benotti D, Gresia D, Stacul ER, Cicchella D, Sciarrillo R. Identification of native-metal tolerant plant species in situ: Environmental implications and functional traits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:3156-3167. [PMID: 30373092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to identify suitable native plants for the phytoremediation of the second largest integrated steelworks in Italy (Bagnoli brownfield site). A phytoecological survey allowed us to identify 139 plant taxa belonging to 58 different families. The most represented families were in the decreasing order Poaceae > Fabaceae > Asteraceae > Apiaceae. The biological spectrum showed a predominance of Therophytes > Hemycriptophytes > Phanerophyte. Seventy-six sites were selected on the presence of colonist's plants and vegetation assemblage patterns. At each site, roots and leaves of the dominant plant and rhizosphere soils were sampled. Total content of metal(loid)s in soils and plant parts were determined. Agronomic soil parameters were studied. Anthropogenic sourced metal(loid)s were discriminated from geochemical ones, and plant metal(loid) accumulation and translocation efficiency were evaluated. The role of many native plant species in terms of TEs phytomanagement strategy was recognizable inside the investigated area. According to this survey of structural plant diversity, several combinations between plants and microorganisms are being further investigated to identify relevant biological system for the phytomanagement of this contaminated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Guarino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11 I, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Daniela Zuzolo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11 I, Benevento, Italy
| | - Mario Marziano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11 I, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Baiamonte
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11 I, Benevento, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Domenico Cicchella
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11 I, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11 I, Benevento, Italy
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16
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Della Torre C, Buttino I, Volpi Ghirardini A, Faimali M, Mugnai C, Libralato G. 7th Biannual ECOtoxicology MEeting (BECOME 2016) - Managing aquatic and terrestrial environments: An ecotoxicological perspective. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:223-224. [PMID: 29554607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Della Torre
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Buttino
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, ISPRA, Piazzale dei Marmi 12, 57123 Livorno, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 152, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristian Mugnai
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, ISPRA, Via V. Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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