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Rezaei Z, Moghimi H. Fungal-bacterial consortia: A promising strategy for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116543. [PMID: 38833981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is one of the most widespread types of contamination that poses a serious threat to both public health and the environment. Among various physicochemical methods, bioremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective way to eliminate petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. The successful degradation of all hydrocarbon components and the achievement of optimal efficiency are necessary for the success of this process. Using potential microbial consortia with rich metabolic networks is a promising strategy for addressing these challenges. Mixed microbial communities, comprising both fungi and bacteria, exhibit diverse synergistic mechanisms to degrade complex hydrocarbon contaminants, including the dissemination of bacteria by fungal hyphae, enhancement of enzyme and secondary metabolites production, and co-metabolism of pollutants. Compared to pure cultures or consortia of either fungi or bacteria, different studies have shown increased bioremediation of particular contaminants when combined fungal-bacterial treatments are applied. However, antagonistic interactions, like microbial competition, and the production of inhibitors or toxins can observed between members. Furthermore, optimizing environmental factors (pH, temperature, moisture, and initial contaminant concentration) is essential for consortium performance. With the advancements in synthetic biology and gene editing tools, it is now feasible to design stable and robust artificial microbial consortia systems. This review presents an overview of using microbial communities for the removal of petroleum pollutants by focusing on microbial degradation pathways, and their interactions. It also highlights the new strategies for constructing optimal microbial consortia, as well as the challenges currently faced and future perspectives of applying fungal-bacterial communities for bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Moghimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Gaid M, Jentzsch W, Beermann H, Reinhard A, Meister M, Berzhanova R, Mukasheva T, Urich T, Mikolasch A. Comparative Bioremediation of Tetradecane, Cyclohexanone and Cyclohexane by Filamentous Fungi from Polluted Habitats in Kazakhstan. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:436. [PMID: 38921423 PMCID: PMC11204954 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying the fates of oil components and their interactions with ecological systems is essential for developing comprehensive management strategies and enhancing restoration following oil spill incidents. The potential expansion of Kazakhstan's role in the global oil market necessitates the existence of land-specific studies that contribute to the field of bioremediation. In this study, a set of experiments was designed to assess the growth and biodegradation capacities of eight fungal strains sourced from Kazakhstan soil when exposed to the hydrocarbon substrates from which they were initially isolated. The strains were identified as Aspergillus sp. SBUG-M1743, Penicillium javanicum SBUG-M1744, SBUG-M1770, Trichoderma harzianum SBUG-M1750 and Fusarium oxysporum SBUG-1746, SBUG-M1748, SBUG-M1768 and SBUG-M1769 using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Furthermore, microscopic and macroscopic evaluations agreed with the sequence-based identification. Aspergillus sp. SBUG-M1743 and P. javanicum SBUG-M1744 displayed remarkable biodegradation capabilities in the presence of tetradecane with up to a 9-fold biomass increase in the static cultures. T. harzianum SBUG-M1750 exhibited poor growth, which was a consequence of its low efficiency of tetradecane degradation. Monocarboxylic acids were the main degradation products by SBUG-M1743, SBUG-M1744, SBUG-M1750, and SBUG-M1770 indicating the monoterminal degradation pathway through β-oxidation, while the additional detection of dicarboxylic acid in SBUG-M1768 and SBUG-M1769 cultures was indicative of the fungus' ability to undertake both monoterminal and diterminal degradation pathways. F. oxysporum SBUG-M1746 and SBUG-M1748 in the presence of cyclohexanone showed a doubling of the biomass with the ability to degrade the substrate almost completely in shake cultures. F. oxysporum SBUG-M1746 was also able to degrade cyclohexane completely and excreted all possible metabolites of the degradation pathway. Understanding the degradation potential of these fungal isolates to different hydrocarbon substrates will help in developing effective bioremediation strategies tailored to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Gaid
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wiebke Jentzsch
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hannah Beermann
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Reinhard
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mareike Meister
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ramza Berzhanova
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Togzhan Mukasheva
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Tim Urich
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annett Mikolasch
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Han K, Zuo R, Cao X, Xu D, Zhao X, Shi J, Xue Z, Xu Y, Wu Z, Wang J. Spatial distribution characteristics and degradation mechanism of microorganisms in n-hexadecane contaminated vadose zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171462. [PMID: 38447732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The damage caused by petroleum hydrocarbon pollution to soil and groundwater environment is becoming increasingly significant. The vadose zone is the only way for petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants to leak from surface into groundwater. The spatial distribution characteristics of indigenous microorganisms in vadose zone, considering presence of capillary zones, have rarely been reported. To explore the spatial distribution characteristics of indigenous microorganisms in vadose zone contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons, a one-dimensional column migration experiment was conducted using n-hexadecane as characteristic pollutant. Soil samples were collected periodically from different heights during experiment. Corresponding environmental factors were monitored online. The microbial community structure and spatial distribution characteristics of the cumulative relative abundance were systematically analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. In addition, the microbial degradation mechanism of n-hexadecane was analyzed using metabolomics. The results showed that presence of capillary zone had a strong retarding effect on n-hexadecane infiltration. Leaked pollutants were mainly concentrated in areas with strong capillary action. Infiltration and displacement of NAPL-phase pollutants were major driving force for change in moisture content (θ) and electric conductivity (EC) in vadose zone. The degradation by microorganisms results in a downward trend in potential of hydrogen (pH) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). Five petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial phyla and 11 degradable straight-chain alkane bacterial genera were detected. Microbial degradation was strong in the area near edge of capillary zone and locations of pollutant accumulation. Mainly Sphingomonas and Nocardioides bacteria were involved in microbial degradation of n-hexadecane. Single-end oxidation involved microbial degradation of n-hexadecane (C16H34). The oxygen consumed, hexadecanoic acid (C16H32O2) produced during this process, and release of hydrogen ions (H+) were the driving factors for reduction of ORP and pH. The vadose zone in this study considered presence of capillary zone, which was more in line with actual contaminated site conditions compared with previous studies. This study systematically elucidated vertical distribution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and spatiotemporal variation characteristics of indigenous microorganisms in vadose zone considered presence of capillary zone. In addition, the n-hexadecane degradation mechanism was elucidated using metabolomics. This study provides theoretical support for development of natural attenuation remediation measures for petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexue Han
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Cao
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Donghui Xu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jian Shi
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenkun Xue
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yunxiang Xu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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4
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Chen B, Xu J, Zhu L. Controllable chemical redox reactions to couple microbial degradation for organic contaminated sites remediation: A review. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:428-445. [PMID: 38105066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Global environmental concern over organic contaminated sites has been progressively conspicuous during the process of urbanization and industrial restructuring. While traditional physical or chemical remediation technologies may significantly destroy the soil structure and function, coupling moderate chemical degradation with microbial remediation becomes a potential way for the green, economic, and efficient remediation of contaminated sites. Hence, this work systematically elucidates why and how to couple chemical technology with microbial remediation, mainly focused on the controllable redox reactions of organic contaminants. The rational design of materials structure, selective generation of reactive oxygen species, and estimation of degradation pathway are described for chemical oxidation. Meanwhile, current progress on efficient and selective reductions of organic contaminants (i.e., dechlorination, defluorination, -NO2 reduction) is introduced. Combined with the microbial remediation of contaminated sites, several consideration factors of how to couple chemical and microbial remediation are proposed based on both fundamental and practical points of view. This review will advance the understanding and development of chemical-microbial coupled remediation for organic contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Agriculture & Forest University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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He W, Jiang R, Li S, Zhang M, Zhang T, Zhu X, Wang X. Biodegradation mechanism of chlortetracycline by a novel fungal Aspergillus sp. LS-1. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139792. [PMID: 37579822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlortetracycline (CTC), a widely used typical tetracycline antibiotic, has raised increasing concerns due to its potential health and environmental risks. Biodegradation is considered an effective method to reduce CTC in environment. In this study, a strain Aspergillus sp. LS-1, which can efficiently degrade CTC, was isolated from CTC-rich activated sludge. Under optimal conditions, the maximum removal efficiency of CTC could reach 95.41%. Temperature was the most significant factor affecting the degradation efficiency of LS-1. The 19 products were identified in the CTC degradation by strain LS-1, and three degradation pathways were proposed. All the degradation pathways for CTC exhibited ring-cleaving, which may accelerate the mineralization of CTC. To gain more comprehensive insights into this strain, we obtained the genome of LS-1, which had high GC content (50.1%) and completeness (99.3%). The gene annotation revealed that LS-1 contains some vital enzymes and resistance genes that may carry functional genes involved in the CTC degradation. In addition, other antibiotic resistance genes were found in the genome of LS-1, indicating that LS-1 has the potential to degrade other antibiotics. This study provides a more theoretical basis for the investigation of CTC degradation by fungi and new insights into the biodegradation of CTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan He
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Run Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Minglu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zhu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Mishra P, Kiran NS, Romanholo Ferreira LF, Yadav KK, Mulla SI. New insights into the bioremediation of petroleum contaminants: A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138391. [PMID: 36933841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum product is an essential resource for energy, that has been exploited by wide range of industries and regular life. A carbonaceous contamination of marine and terrestrial environments caused by errant runoffs of consequential petroleum-derived contaminants. Additionally, petroleum hydrocarbons can have adverse effects on human health and global ecosystems and also have negative demographic consequences in petroleum industries. Key contaminants of petroleum products, primarily includes aliphatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), resins, and asphaltenes. On environmental interaction, these pollutants result in ecotoxicity as well as human toxicity. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, DNA mutations, and protein dysfunction are a few key causative mechanisms behind the toxic impacts. Henceforth, it becomes very evident to have certain remedial strategies which could help on eliminating these xenobiotics from the environment. This brings the efficacious application of bioremediation to remove or degrade pollutants from the ecosystems. In the recent scenario, extensive research and experimentation have been implemented towards bio-benign remediation of these petroleum-based pollutants, aiming to reduce the load of these toxic molecules in the environment. This review gives a detailed overview of petroleum pollutants, and their toxicity. Methods used for degrading them in the environment using microbes, periphytes, phyto-microbial interactions, genetically modified organisms, and nano-microbial remediation. All of these methods could have a significant impact on environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Neelakanta Sarvashiva Kiran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
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7
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Whole genome sequence characterization of Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20541 and genome comparison of the fungi A. terreus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:194. [PMID: 36604572 PMCID: PMC9814666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus terreus is well-known for lovastatin and itaconic acid production with biomedical and commercial importance. The mechanisms of metabolite formation have been extensively studied to improve their yield through genetic engineering. However, the combined repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), cytochrome P450s (CYP) enzymes, and secondary metabolites (SMs) in the different A. terreus strains has not been well studied yet, especially with respect to the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Here we present a 30 Mb whole genome sequence of A. terreus ATCC 20541 in which we predicted 10,410 protein-coding genes. We compared the CAZymes, CYPs enzyme, and SMs across eleven A. terreus strains, and the results indicate that all strains have rich pectin degradation enzyme and CYP52 families. The lovastatin BGC of lovI was linked with lovF in A. terreus ATCC 20541, and the phenomenon was not found in the other strains. A. terreus ATCC 20541 lacked a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (AnaPS) participating in acetylaszonalenin production, which was a conserved protein in the ten other strains. Our results present a comprehensive analysis of CAZymes, CYPs enzyme, and SM diversities in A. terreus strains and will facilitate further research in the function of BGCs associated with valuable SMs.
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Das S, Negi S. Enhanced production of alkane hydroxylase from Penicillium chrysogenum SNP5 (MTCC13144) through feed-forward neural network and genetic algorithm. AMB Express 2022; 12:28. [PMID: 35239044 PMCID: PMC8894539 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkane hydroxylase (AlkB), a membrane-bound enzyme has high industrial demand; however, its economical production remains challenging due to its intrinsic nature and co-factor dependency. In the current study, various critical process parameters for optimum production of AlkB have been optimized through feed forward neural network (FFNN) and genetic algorithm (GA) models using Penicillium chrysogenum SNP5 (MTCC13144). AlkB specific activity under preliminary un-optimized conditions i.e., 1% hexadecane, 7.4 pH, 11 days incubation time, 28 °C incubation temperature and 1 ml of inoculum size was 100 U/mg. ‘One variable at a time’ (OVAT) strategy was used to identify optimum physicochemical parameters and then its output data was fed to develop a model of FFNN with ‘6-12-1’ topology. Outputs of FFNN were further optimized through GA to minimize errors and intensify search level. This has provided superior predictive performances with 0.053 U/mg overall mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), 6.801 U/mg root mean square errors (RMSE), and 0.987 overall correlation coefficient (R). The AlkB specific activity improved by 3.5-fold, i.e., from 100 U/mg under preliminary un-optimized conditions to 351.32 U/mg under optimum physicochemical conditions obtained through FFNN-GA hybrid method, i.e., hexadecane (carbon source): 1.56% v/v, FeSO4: 0.63 mM, incubation temperature: 27.40 °C, pH: 7.38, incubation time: 12.35 days and inoculums size: 1.33 ml. The developed process would be a stepping stone to fulfill the high industrial demands of Alkane hydroxylase.
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Microbial degradation of n-hexadecane using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PU1 isolated from transformer-oil contaminated soil. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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El-Aziz ARMA, Al-Othman MR, Hisham SM, Shehata SM. Evaluation of crude oil biodegradation using mixed fungal cultures. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256376. [PMID: 34437564 PMCID: PMC8389457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of potent fungal mixed cultures is a promising technique for the biodegradation of crude oil. Four isolates of fungi, namely, Alternaria alternata (AA-1), Aspergillus flavus (AF-3), Aspergillus terreus (AT-7), and Trichoderma harzianum (TH-5), were isolated from date palm soil in Saudi Arabia. The mixed fungal of the four isolates have a powerful tool for biodegradation up to 73.6% of crude oil (1%, w/v) in 14 days. The fungal consortium no. 15 containing the four isolates (1:1:1:1) performed significantly better as a biodegradation agent than other consortium in a variety of environmental factors containing crude oil concentration, incubation temperature, initial pH, biodegradation time and the salinity of the medium. The fungal consortium showed better performance in the biodegradation of normal alkanes (n-alkanes) than that of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); the biodegradation efficiency of normal alkanes of the fungal consortium (67.1%) was clearly high than that of the PAHs (56.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer R. M. Abd El-Aziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Monira R. Al-Othman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh M. Hisham
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereen M. Shehata
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Cowan AR, Costanzo CM, Benham R, Loveridge EJ, Moody SC. Fungal bioremediation of polyethylene: Challenges and perspectives. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:78-89. [PMID: 34218487 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plastics have become ubiquitous in both their adoption as materials and as environmental contaminants. Widespread pollution of these versatile, man-made and largely petroleum-derived polymers has resulted from their long-term mass production, inappropriate disposal and inadequate end of life management. Polyethylene (PE) is at the forefront of this problem, accounting for one-third of plastic demand in Europe in part due to its extensive use in packaging. Current recycling and incineration processes do not represent sustainable solutions to tackle plastic waste, especially once it becomes littered, and the development of new waste-management and remediation technologies are needed. Mycoremediation (fungal-based biodegradation) of PE has been the topic of several studies over the last two decades. The utility of these studies is limited by an inconclusive definition of biodegradation and a lack of knowledge regarding the biological systems responsible. This review highlights relevant features of fungi as potential bioremediation agents, before discussing the evidence for fungal biodegradation of both high- and low-density PE. An up-to-date perspective on mycoremediation as a future solution to PE waste is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Cowan
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Social Science, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - Chiara M Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Robert Benham
- Faculty of Creative Industries, Architecture and Engineering, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - E Joel Loveridge
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Suzy C Moody
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston-Upon-Thames, UK
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12
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da Silva AF, Banat IM, Giachini AJ, Robl D. Fungal biosurfactants, from nature to biotechnological product: bioprospection, production and potential applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2003-2034. [PMID: 34131819 PMCID: PMC8205652 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are in demand by the global market as natural commodities that can be added to commercial products or use in environmental applications. These biomolecules reduce the surface/interfacial tension between fluid phases and exhibit superior stability to chemical surfactants under different physico-chemical conditions. Biotechnological production of biosurfactants is still emerging. Fungi are promising producers of these molecules with unique chemical structures, such as sophorolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, cellobiose lipids, xylolipids, polyol lipids and hydrophobins. In this review, we aimed to contextualize concepts related to fungal biosurfactant production and its application in industry and the environment. Concepts related to the thermodynamic and physico-chemical properties of biosurfactants are presented, which allows detailed analysis of their structural and application. Promising niches for isolating biosurfactant-producing fungi are presented, as well as screening methodologies are discussed. Finally, strategies related to process parameters and variables, simultaneous production, process optimization through statistical and genetic tools, downstream processing and some aspects of commercial products formulations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Admir José Giachini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Robl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Kong W, Zhao C, Gao X, Wang L, Tian Q, Liu Y, Xue S, Han Z, Chen F, Wang S. Characterization and Transcriptome Analysis of a Long-Chain n-Alkane-Degrading Strain Acinetobacter pittii SW-1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126365. [PMID: 34208299 PMCID: PMC8296198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Strain sw-1, isolated from 7619-m seawater of the Mariana Trench, was identified as Acinetobacter pittii by 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequencing. A. pittii sw-1 was able to efficiently utilize long-chain n-alkanes (C18–C36), but not short- and medium-chain n-alkanes (C8–C16). The degradation rate of C20 was 91.25%, followed by C18, C22, C24, C32, and C36 with the degradation rates of 89.30%, 84.03%, 80.29%, 30.29%, and 13.37%, respectively. To investigate the degradation mechanisms of n-alkanes for this strain, the genome and the transcriptome analyses were performed. Four key alkane hydroxylase genes (alkB, almA, ladA1, and ladA2) were identified in the genome. Transcriptomes of strain sw-1 grown in C20 or CH3COONa (NaAc) as the sole carbon source were compared. The transcriptional levels of alkB and almA, respectively, increased 78.28- and 3.51-fold in C20 compared with NaAc, while ladA1 and ladA2 did not show obvious change. The expression levels of other genes involved in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, permeases, membrane proteins, and sulfur metabolism were also upregulated, and they might be involved in n-alkane uptake. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) confirmed that alkB expression was significantly induced by C20, C24, and C32, and almA induction extent by C24 and C32 was higher than that with C20. Furthermore, ladA2 expression was only induced by C32, and ladA1 expression was not induced by any of n-alkanes. In addition, A. pittii sw-1 could grow with 0%–3% NaCl or 8 out of 10 kinds of the tested heavy metals and degrade n-alkanes at 15 °C. Taken together, these results provide comprehensive insights into the degradation of long-chain n-alkanes by Acinetobacter isolated from the deep ocean environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Kong
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (Q.T.); (Y.L.); (S.X.)
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (Q.T.); (Y.L.); (S.X.)
| | - Xingwang Gao
- Hulangmao Oil Production Area in No.3 Oil Production Plant of Changqing Oilfield Company, Yan’an 717500, China;
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (Q.T.); (Y.L.); (S.X.)
| | - Qianqian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (Q.T.); (Y.L.); (S.X.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (Q.T.); (Y.L.); (S.X.)
| | - Shuwen Xue
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (Q.T.); (Y.L.); (S.X.)
| | - Zhuang Han
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China;
| | - Fulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (Q.T.); (Y.L.); (S.X.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (Q.T.); (Y.L.); (S.X.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (S.W.)
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Li Q, Liu J, Gadd GM. Fungal bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8999-9008. [PMID: 32940735 PMCID: PMC7567682 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Much research has been carried out on the bacterial bioremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals but much less is known about the potential of fungi in sites that are co-contaminated with both classes of pollutants. This article documents the roles of fungi in soil polluted with both petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals as well as the mechanisms involved in the biotransformation of such substances. Soil characteristics (e.g., structural components, pH, and temperature) and intracellular or excreted extracellular enzymes and metabolites are crucial factors which affect the efficiency of combined pollutant transformations. At present, bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals is mostly focused on the removal, detoxification, or degradation efficiency of single or composite pollutants of each type. Little research has been carried out on the metabolism of fungi in response to complex pollutant stress. To overcome current bottlenecks in understanding fungal bioremediation, the potential of new approaches, e.g., gradient diffusion film technology (DGT) and metabolomics, is also discussed. Key points • Fungi play important roles in soil co-contaminated with TPH and toxic metals. • Soil characteristics, enzymes, and metabolites are major factors in bioremediation. • DGT and metabolomics can be applied to overcome current bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Jicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 5EH, UK.
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Sowani H, Kulkarni M, Zinjarde S. Uptake and detoxification of diesel oil by a tropical soil Actinomycete Gordonia amicalis HS-11: Cellular responses and degradation perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114538. [PMID: 32305803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A tropical soil Actinomycete, Gordonia amicalis HS-11, has been previously demonstrated to degrade unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons (squalene and n-hexadecane, respectively) in an effective manner. In present study, G. amicalis HS-11 degraded 92.85 ± 3.42% of the provided diesel oil [1% (v/v)] after 16 days of aerobic incubation. The effect of different culture conditions such as carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, temperature, and aeration on degradation was studied. During degradation, this Actinomycete synthesized surface active compounds (SACs) in an extracellular manner that brought about a reduction in surface tension from 69 ± 2.1 to 30 ± 1.1 mN m-1 after 16 days. The morphology of cells grown on diesel was monitored by using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. Diesel-grown cells were longer and clumped with smooth surfaces, possibly due to the secretion of SACs. The interaction between the cells and diesel oil was studied by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. Some cells were adherent on small diesel droplets and others were present in the non-attached form thus confirming the emulsification ability of this organism. The fatty acid profiles of the organism grown on diesel oil for 48 h were different from those on Luria Bertani Broth. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of diesel oil before and after degradation were determined. Cytogenetic parameters such as mitotic index (MI); mitosis distribution and chromosomal aberration (type and frequency) were assessed. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and concentration of malondialdehyde. On the basis of these studies it was deduced that the degradation metabolites were relatively non-toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshada Sowani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Mohan Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Smita Zinjarde
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India; Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Al-Hawash AB, Al-Qurnawi WS, Abbood HA, Hillo NA, Ghalib HB, Zhang X, Ma F. Pyrene-Degrading Fungus Ceriporia lacerata RF-7 from Contaminated Soil in Iraq. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1713183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan B. Al-Hawash
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Pollution, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Hayder A. Abbood
- Material Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | | | | | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Velez P, Gasca-Pineda J, Riquelme M. Cultivable fungi from deep-sea oil reserves in the Gulf of Mexico: Genetic signatures in response to hydrocarbons. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 153:104816. [PMID: 31679790 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The estimation of oil spill effects on marine ecosystems is limited to the extent of our knowledge on the autochthonous biota. Fungi are involved in key ecological marine processes, representing a major component of post-spill communities. However, information on their functional capacities remains lacking. Herein we analyzed cultivable fungi from sediments in two oil-drilling regions of the Gulf of Mexico for their ability to tolerate and use hexadecane and 1-hexadecene as the sole carbon sources; and to evaluate gene expression profiles of key hydrocarbonoclastic taxa during utilization of these hydrocarbons. The isolated fungi showed differential sensitivity patterns towards the tested hydrocarbons under three different concentrations. Remarkably, six OTUs (Aureobasidium sp., Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium sp., Phialocephala sp., Cladosporium sp. 1 and 2) metabolized the tested alkane and alkene as the sole carbon sources, confirming that deep-sea fungal taxa are valuable genetic resources with potential use in bioremediation. RNA-seq results revealed distinctive gene expression profiles in the hydrocarbonoclastic fungus Penicillium sp. when using hexadecane and 1-hexadecene as the sole carbon sources, with up-regulation of genes involved in transmembrane transport, metabolism of six-carbons carbohydrates, and nitric oxide pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Velez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Gasca-Pineda
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico
| | - Meritxell Riquelme
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico.
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