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de Souza Celente G, de Cassia de Souza Schneider R, Medianeira Rizzetti T, Lobo EA, Sui Y. Using wastewater as a cultivation alternative for microalga Dunaliella salina: Potentials and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168812. [PMID: 38000734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Untreated or poorly treated wastewater still represents environmental issues world-widely. Wastewater, especially saline wastewater treatment, is still primarily associated with high costs from physical and chemical processes, as high salinity hinders biological treatment. One favourable way is to find the suitable biological pathways and organisms to improve the biological treatment efficiency. In this context, halophilic microorganisms could be strong candidates to address the economics and effectiveness of the saline wastewater treatment process. Dunaliella salina is a photoautotrophic microalga that grows in saline environments. It is known for producing marketable bio-compounds such as carotenoids, lipids, and proteins. A biological treatment based on D. salina cultivation offers the opportunity to treat saline wastewater, reducing the threat of possible eutrophication from inappropriate discharge. At the same time, D. salina cultivation could yield compounds of industrial relevance to turn saline wastewater treatment into a profitable and sustainable process. Most research on D. salina has primarily focused on bioproduct generation, leaving thorough reviews of its application in wastewater treatment inadequate. This paper discusses the future challenges and opportunities of using D. salina to treat wastewater from different sources. The main conclusions are (1) D. salina effectively recovers some heavy metals (driven by metal binding capacity and exposure time) and nutrients (driven by pH, their bioavailability, and functional groups in the cell); (2) salinity plays a significant role in bioproducts generation, and (3) wastewater can be combined with the generation of bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleison de Souza Celente
- Environmental Technology Post-graduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Centre of Excellence in Oleochemical and Biotechnological Products and Processes, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Rosana de Cassia de Souza Schneider
- Environmental Technology Post-graduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Centre of Excellence in Oleochemical and Biotechnological Products and Processes, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiele Medianeira Rizzetti
- Environmental Technology Post-graduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Centre of Excellence in Oleochemical and Biotechnological Products and Processes, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alcayaga Lobo
- Environmental Technology Post-graduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Yixing Sui
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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Albarico FPJB, Lim YC, Chen CF, Wang MH, Chen CW, Dong CD. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 55-120 μm phytoplankton. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115860. [PMID: 38039576 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A baseline study was undertaken on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in phytoplankton. Plankton samples from six stations (duplicates) in Kaohsiung Harbor (KH), Taiwan along with a phytoplankton control sample afar from the harbor, were collected. We applied size-fractionation to isolate phytoplankton (55-120 μm), followed by sedimentation and centrifugation to remove abiogenic particulates. The phytoplankton was freeze-dried, extracted with acetone: n-hexane (1:1, v/v), and analyzed using GC-MS. ΣPAHs in phytoplankton ranged between 5204 and 28,903 ng/g dry weight (mean: 12,150 ng/g). The ΣPAHs in KH were >7 times than the control site (C1: 3972 ng/g). Cluster analysis showed spatial gradients (northern < southern KH). Accumulated PAHs in phytoplankton were from petrogenic (fishing ports and ships) and pyrogenic (river outflows), dominated by lower-ring PAHs, likely due to their higher bioavailability in the dissolved phase. We present a practical phytoplankton isolation technique for more accurate phytoplankton PAH concentrations with insights into their distribution and sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Paolo Jay B Albarico
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; College of Fisheries and Allied Sciences, Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Sagay City 6122, Philippines
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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Menezes N, Cruz I, da Rocha GO, de Andrade JB, Leão ZMAN. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coral reefs with a focus on Scleractinian corals: A systematic overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162868. [PMID: 36934938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of petroleum exploitation and oil spills in marine ecosystems has increased over time. Among the concerns regarding these events, the impact on coral reefs stand out because this ecosystem has ecological and economic importance and is globally threatened. We performed a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of studies that determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coral reefs, attempting to answer how the studies were distributed around the globe, the main environmental matrices and species of coral studied, the main PAHs found and their mean concentrations, and the methodology used. A bibliographic search resulted in 42 studies with worldwide distribution. The bibliometric results presented more explored terms, such as sediments and toxicology, and newly investigated terms, which should encourage a new area of study, such as those related to zooxanthellae and mucus. The main matrices studied in coral reefs are sediments, corals, and water, whereas air and other invertebrates have rarely been studied. Approximately 45 species of corals with several morphotypes have been reported. PAHs recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were analyzed in all studies, while additional compounds were analyzed in only five. The methods used to determine hydrocarbons are predominantly the most traditional; however, for corals, studies have tended to separate tissue, zooxanthellae, skeleton, and mucus. In the future, we recommend investment in improving the capacity to detect non-conventional PAHs, more studies in regions that are rarely explored in developing countries, and the creation of databases to facilitate management planning on marine coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Menezes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Igor Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Department of Oceanography, Institute of Geosciences, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Ondina, Salvador 40210-340, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gisele O da Rocha
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson B de Andrade
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, 41650-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Zelinda M A N Leão
- Laboratory of Coral Reefs and Global Changes-RECOR, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Ondina, Salvador 40210-340, Bahia, Brazil
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Brinkman DL, Flores F, Luter HM, Nordborg FM, Brooks M, Parkerton TF, Negri AP. Sensitivity of the Indo-Pacific coral Acropora millepora to aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121963. [PMID: 37286027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The risks posed by petroleum spills to coral reefs are poorly understood and quantifying acute toxicity thresholds for aromatic hydrocarbons to reef-building corals is required to assess their sensitivity relative to other taxa. In this study, we exposed Acropora millepora to toluene, naphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) in a flow-through system and assessed survivorship and sublethal responses including growth, colour and the photosynthetic performance of symbionts. Median 50% lethal concentrations (LC50s) decreased over the 7-d exposure period, reaching asymptotic values of 22,921, 5,268, 1167 μg L-1 for toluene, naphthalene and 1-MN, respectively. Corresponding toxicokinetic parameters (εLC50) defining the time progression of toxicity were 0.830, 0.692, and 0.256 d-1, respectively. Latent effects after an additional 7-d recovery in uncontaminated seawater were not observed. Effect concentrations (EC50s) for 50% growth inhibition were 1.9- to 3.6-fold lower than the LC50s for each aromatic hydrocarbon. There were no observed effects of aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on colour score (a proxy for bleaching) or photosynthetic efficiency. Acute and chronic critical target lipid body burdens (CTLBBs) of 70.3 ± 16.3 and 13.6 ± 18.4 μmol g-1 octanol (± standard error) were calculated for survival and growth inhibition based on 7-d LC50 and EC10 values, respectively. These species-specific constants indicate adult A. millepora is more sensitive than other corals reported so far but is of average sensitivity in comparison with other aquatic taxa in the target lipid model database. These results advance our understanding of acute hazards of petroleum contaminants to key habitat-building tropical coral reef species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia.
| | - Florita Flores
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Heidi M Luter
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - F Mikaela Nordborg
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; James Cook University, College of Science & Engineering, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Maxime Brooks
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; James Cook University, College of Science & Engineering, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | | | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
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Kottuparambil S, Ashok A, Barozzi A, Michoud G, Cai C, Daffonchio D, Duarte CM, Agusti S. Tracking the early signals of crude oil in seawater and plankton after a major oil spill in the Red Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:69150-69164. [PMID: 37133655 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the immediate impacts of oil spills is essential to recognizing their long-term consequences on the marine environment. In this study, we traced the early (within one week) signals of crude oil in seawater and plankton after a major oil spill in October 2019 in the Red Sea. At the time of sampling, the plume had moved eastward, but we detected significant signs of incorporation of oil carbon into the dissolved organic carbon pool, resulting in a 10-20% increase in the ultraviolet (UV) absorption coefficient (a254) of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), elevated oil fluorescence emissions, and depletion of the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of the seawater. The abundance of the picophytoplankton Synechococcus was not affected, but the proportion of low nucleic acid (LNA) bacteria was significantly higher. Moreover, specific bacterial genera (Alcanivorax, Salinisphaera, and Oleibacter) were enriched in the seawater microbiome. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) suggested that such bacteria presented pathways for growing on oil hydrocarbons. Traces of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also detected in zooplankton tissues, revealing the rapid entry of oil pollutants into the pelagic food web. Our study emphasizes the early signs of short-lived spills as an important aspect of the prediction of long-term impacts of marine oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Kottuparambil
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ananya Ashok
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan Barozzi
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Grégoire Michoud
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chunzhi Cai
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susana Agusti
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Ben Othman H, Pick FR, Sakka Hlaili A, Leboulanger C. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on marine and freshwater microalgae - A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129869. [PMID: 36063709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The first synthetic review of the PAHs effects on microalgae in experimental studies and aquatic ecosystems is provided. Phytoplankton and phytobenthos from marine and freshwaters show a wide range of sensitivities to PAHs, and can accumulate, transfer and degrade PAHs. Different toxicological endpoints including growth, chlorophyll a, in vivo fluorescence yield, membrane integrity, lipid content, anti-oxidant responses and gene expression are reported for both freshwater and marine microalgal species exposed to PAHs in culture and in natural assemblages. Photosynthesis, the key process carried out by microalgae appears to be the most impacted by PAH exposure. The effect of PAHs is both dose- and species-dependent and influenced by environmental factors such as UV radiation, temperature, and salinity. Under natural conditions, PAHs are typically present in mixtures and the toxic effects induced by single PAHs are not necessarily extrapolated to mixtures. Natural microalgal communities appear more sensitive to PAH contamination than microalgae in monospecific culture. To further refine the ecological risks linked to PAH exposure, species-sensitivity distributions (SSD) were analyzed based on published EC50s (half-maximal effective concentrations during exposure). HC5 (harmful concentration for 5% of the species assessed) was derived from SSD to provide a toxicity ranking for each of nine PAHs. The most water-soluble PAHs naphthalene (HC5 = 650 µg/L), acenaphthene (HC5 = 274 µg/L), and fluorene (HC5 = 76.8 µg/L) are the least toxic to microalgae, whereas benzo[a]pyrene (HC5 = 0.834 µg/L) appeared as the more toxic. No relationship between EC50 and cell biovolume was established, which does not support assumptions that larger microalgal cells are less sensitive to PAHs, and calls for further experimental evidence. The global PAHs HC5 for marine species was on average higher than for freshwater species (26.3 and 1.09 µg/L, respectively), suggesting a greater tolerance of marine phytoplankton towards PAHs. Nevertheless, an important number of experimental exposure concentrations and reported toxicity thresholds are above known PAHs solubility in water. The precise and accurate assessment of PAHs toxicity to microalgae will continue to benefit from more rigorously designed experimental studies, including control of exposure duration and biometric data on test microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Ben Othman
- Laboratoire de Phytoplanctonologie, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisia; MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète, France
| | - Frances R Pick
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Asma Sakka Hlaili
- Laboratoire de Phytoplanctonologie, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR18ES41 Sciences de l'Environnement, Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ashok A, Høj L, Brinkman DL, Negri AP, Agusti S. Food-chain length determines the level of phenanthrene bioaccumulation in corals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118789. [PMID: 34990739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure from the dissolved-phase and through food-chains contributes to bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in organisms such as fishes and copepods. However, very few studies have investigated the accumulation of PAHs in corals. Information on dietary uptake contribution to PAHs accumulation in corals is especially limited. Here, we used Cavity-Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) to investigate the uptake rates and accumulation of a 13C-labeled PAH, phenanthrene, in Acropora millepora corals over 14 days. Our experiment involved three treatments representing exposure levels of increasing food-chain length. In Level W, corals were exposed to 13C-phenanthrene directly dissolved in seawater. In Level 1 representing herbivory, Dunaliella salina microalgal culture pre-exposed to 13C-phenanthrene for 48 h was added to the coral treatment jars. In Level 2 representing predation, corals were provided a diet of copepod (Parvocalanus crassirostris) nauplii fed on D. salina pre-exposed to 13C-phenanthrene. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were calculated as appropriate for all organisms, and biomagnification factors (BMF) were calculated for A. millepora. We found that while phenanthrene uptake rates were not significantly different for the treatments, the accumulated concentration in corals was significantly higher in Level W (33.5 ± 2.83 mg kg-1) than in Level 1 (27.55 ± 2.77 mg kg-1) and Level 2 (29.36 ± 3.84 mg kg-1). Coral log BAF values increased with food-chain length; Level 2 log BAF (6.45) was higher than Level W log BCF (4.18) and Level 1 log BAF (4.5). Coral BMF was also higher for Level 2 than for Level 1. Exposure to dissolved or diet-bound phenanthrene had no significant effect on the coral symbionts' photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) as monitored by pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry, indicating the PAH can be accumulated without toxic effects to their Photosystem II. Our study highlights the critical role of dietary exposure for pollutant accumulation in corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Ashok
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lone Høj
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diane L Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susana Agusti
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Müller MN, Yogui GT, Gálvez AO, Gustavo de Sales Jannuzzi L, Fidelis de Souza Filho J, de Jesus Flores Montes M, Mendes de Castro Melo PA, Neumann-Leitão S, Zanardi-Lamardo E. Cellular accumulation of crude oil compounds reduces the competitive fitness of the coral symbiont Symbiodinium glynnii. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117938. [PMID: 34391045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill events in the marine environment can have a deleterious impact on the affected ecosystems, such as coral reefs, with direct consequences for their socioeconomic value. The mutualistic relationship between tropical corals and their dinoflagellate symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) provide structural and nutritional basis for a high local biodiversity in oligotrophic waters. Here, we investigated effects of crude oil water-accommodated fraction on the competitive fitness of the model zooxanthellae species Symbiodinium glynnii. Results of laboratory essays demonstrate that crude oil carbon is incorporated into the cellular biomass with a concomitant change of δ13C isotopic value. Carcinogenic/mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified in the culture media and were responsible for a linear reduction in population growth of S. glynnii, presumably related to energy relocation for DNA repair. Additionally, the experiments revealed that physiological effects induced by crude oil compounds are genetically inherited by the following generations under non-contaminated growth conditions, and induce a reduction in the competitive fitness to cope with other environmental parameters, such as low salinity. We suggest that the effects of crude oil contamination represent an imparing factor for S. glynnii coping with anthropogenic drivers (e.g. warming and acidification) and interfere with the delicate symbiont-host relationship of tropical corals. This is especially relevant in the coastal areas of northeastern Brazil where an oil spill event deposited crude oil on shallow water sediments with the potential to be resuspended to the water column by physical and/or biological activity, enhancing the risk of future coral bleaching events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Nils Müller
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil.
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Olivera Gálvez
- Department of Fishing and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sigrid Neumann-Leitão
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Dashtbozorg M, Raudonytė-Svirbutavičienė E, Riyahi Bakhtiari A. A potential threat to the coral reef environments: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and phthalate esters in the corals and their ambient environment (Persian Gulf, Iran). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145822. [PMID: 33631596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of the surrounding habitat poses one of the biggest threats to the coral health and even survival. This study focuses on the occurrence, distribution, bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and phthalate esters (PAEs) in corals, their zooxanthellae and mucus, as well as in their ambient environment in Larak coral reef (Persian Gulf) for the first time. The highest concentrations of the pollutants were recorded in mucus, followed by zooxanthellae, tissue and skeleton. Soft corals with higher lipid content contained more PBDEs and PAEs. Pollutants were both efficiently bioconcentrated from water and bioaccumulated from the ambient sediment, albeit bioconcentration played the most prominent role. Elevated PBDEs and especially PAEs concentrations were detected in the skeletons of the bleached corals if compared to the skeleton samples of the non-bleached individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Dashtbozorg
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Mashjoor S, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Cappello T. Ecotoxico Linking of Phthalates and Flame-Retardant Combustion Byproducts with Coral Solar Bleaching. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5970-5983. [PMID: 33886295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persian Gulf coral reefs are unique biota communities in the global sunbelts in being able to survive in multiple stressful fields during summertime (>36 °C). Despite the high-growth emerging health-hazard microplastic additive type of contaminants, its biological interactions with coral-algal symbiosis and/or its synergistic effects linked to solar-bleaching events remain unknown. This study investigated the bioaccumulation patterns of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and phthalate ester (PAE) pollutants in six genera of living/bleached corals in Larak Island, Persian Gulf, and their ambient abiotic matrixes. Results showed that the levels of ∑18PBDEs and ∑13PAEs in abiotic matrixes followed the order of SPMs > surface sediments > seawater, and the cnidarian POP-uptake patterns (soft corals > hard corals) were as follows: coral mucus (138.49 ± 59.98 and 71.57 ± 47.39 ng g-1 dw) > zooxanthellae (82.05 ± 28.27 and 20.14 ± 12.65 ng g-1 dw) ≥ coral tissue (66.26 ± 21.42 and 34.97 ± 26.10 ng g-1 dw) > bleached corals (45.19 ± 8.73 and 13.83 ± 7.05 ng g-1 dw) > coral skeleton (35.66 ± 9.58 and 6.47 ± 6.47 ng g-1 dw, respectively). Overall, findings suggest that mucus checking is a key/facile diagnostic approach for fast detection of POP bioaccumulation (PB) in tropical corals. Although studied corals exhibited no consensus concerning hazardous levels of PB (log BSAF < 3.7), our bleaching evidence showed soft corals as the ultimate "summer winners" due to their flexibility/recovering ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Mashjoor
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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11
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Tomar RS, Jajoo A. Enzymatic pathway involved in the degradation of fluoranthene by microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:268-276. [PMID: 33443715 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the potential of a microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, was assessed for the bioremediation of fluoranthene (FLT), a four ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). With an initial cell density of C. vulgaris (OD680 = 0.100), 54-58% of 25 μM FLT was removed from the growth medium within 3 days and almost 90-94% after 7 days of incubation. Enzymatic studies confirmed that the enzyme involved in FLT metabolism was catechol 2,3, dioxygenase (C2,3D) which increased almost 2 times in 5 μM FLT and 2.4 times in 25 μM FLT inoculated culture. Activity of dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly reduced, while peroxidase (POD) activity was induced very prominently in FLT inoculated cultures. Changes in growth, physiological parameters and biochemical compositions of the algae with 5 μM and 25 μM FLT were also analyzed and compared to control. The analysis showed that parameters including growth rate, biomass, chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein contents, were negatively affected by the higher concentration of FLT, whereas the lipid and carotenoids content significantly increased. To our knowledge, this is the first report to suggest the role of C2,3D pathway for the metabolism of FLT in a eukaryotic algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Singh Tomar
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., 452017, India
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., 452017, India.
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., 452017, India.
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12
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Maity A, Maithani S, Pradhan M. Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Recent Technological Advancements, Techniques, and Applications. Anal Chem 2020; 93:388-416. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Maity
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata 700106, India
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Sanchi Maithani
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Manik Pradhan
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata 700106, India
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata 700106, India
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13
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Kottuparambil S, Agusti S. Cell-by-cell estimation of PAH sorption and subsequent toxicity in marine phytoplankton. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127487. [PMID: 32650165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have elicited increasing concern due to their ubiquitous occurrence in coastal marine environments and resultant toxicity in organisms. Due to their lipophilic nature, PAHs tend to accumulate in phytoplankton cells and thus subsequently transfer to other compartments of the marine ecosystem. The intrinsic fluorescence properties of PAHs in the ultraviolet (UV)/blue spectral range have recently been exploited to investigate their uptake modes, localization, and aggregation in various biological tissues. Here, we quantitatively evaluate the sorption of two model PAHs (phenanthrene and pyrene) in three marine phytoplankton species (Chaetoceros tenuissimus, Thalassiosira sp. and Proteomonas sp.) using a combined approach of UV excitation flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Over a 48-h exposure to a gradient of PAHs, Thalassiosira sp. showed the highest proportion of PAH-sorbed cells (29% and 97% of total abundance for phenanthrene and pyrene, respectively), which may be attributed to its relatively high total lipid content (33.87 percent dry weight). Moreover, cell-specific pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) microscope fluorometry revealed that PAH sorption significantly reduced the photosynthetic quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of individual phytoplankton cells. We describe a rapid and precise hybrid method for the detection of sorption of PAHs on phytoplankton cells. Our results emphasize the ecologically relevant sub-lethal effects of PAHs in phytoplankton at the cellular level, even at concentrations where no growth inhibition was apparent. This work is the first study to address the cell-specific impacts of fluorescent toxicants in a more relevant toxicant-sorbed subpopulation; these cell-specific impacts have to date been unidentified in traditional population-based phytoplankton toxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Kottuparambil
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Susana Agusti
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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