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Jing M, Han G, Wan J, Zong W, Liu R. Differential eco-toxicological responses toward Eisenia fetida exposed to soil contaminated with naphthalene and typical metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:44800-44814. [PMID: 38954347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Naphthalene (NAP) was frequently detected in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated soil, and its residues may pose an eco-toxicological threat to soil organisms. The toxic effects of NAP were closely tied to phenolic and quinone metabolites in biological metabolism. However, the present knowledge concerning the eco-toxicological impacts of NAP metabolites at the animal level is scanty. Here, we assessed the differences in the eco-toxicological responses of Eisenia fetida (E. fetida) in NAP, 1-naphthol (1-NAO) or 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) contaminated soils. NAP, 1-NAO, and 1,4-NQ exposure triggered the onset of oxidative stress as evidenced by the destruction of the antioxidant enzyme system. The lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidative damage levels induced by 1-NAO and 1,4-NQ were higher than those of NAP. The elevation of DNA damage varied considerably depending on differences in oxidative stress and the direct mode of action of NAP or its metabolites with DNA. All three toxicants induced different degrees of physiological damage to the body wall, but only 1, 4-NQ caused the shedding of intestinal epithelial cells. The integrated biomarker response for different exposure times illustrated that the comprehensive toxicity at the animal level was 1,4-NQ > 1-NAO > NAP, and the time-dependent trends of oxidative stress responses induced by the three toxicants were similar. At the initial stage, the antioxidant system of E. fetida responded positively to the provocation, but the ability of E. fetida to resist stimulation decreased with the prolongation of time resulting in provocation oxidative damage. This study would provide new insights into the toxicological effects and biohazard of PAHs on soil animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Jing
- Shandong Urban Construction Vocational College, 4657# Tourism Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Guangye Han
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Sciences Co., Ltd, Licheng, 12777# Zhenyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiang Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P.R. China.
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Gedam AD, Katiya MM, Dhonde MG, Ganorkar KS, Thakare VJ, Mandlik PR, Jadhao NL, Gajbhiye JM, Kumar R, Vaval N. Synthesized novel chromogenic reagent and sensor: Detection and identification of dichlorvos. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31217. [PMID: 38813177 PMCID: PMC11133814 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel chromogenic reagent and sensor by selective approach, for the detection and identification of dichlorvos, which we tested with the thin layer chromatography method. For the first time, we reported in situ-generated glyoxal as a hydrolysis product, which then interacts with isoniazid to produce a yellow-colored cyclic compound. We used well-known spectroscopic techniques to confirm the chemical identity of the final product. We initially investigated the reaction using a variety of approaches, followed by attempts to establish the reaction mechanism using Density Functional Theory by Gaussian software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin D. Gedam
- Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Govt. of Maharashtra, Kolhapur, MS, India
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Mathuradas Mohota College of Science, Nagpur, MS, 440024, India
| | - Manish M. Katiya
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Mathuradas Mohota College of Science, Nagpur, MS, 440024, India
| | - Madhukar G. Dhonde
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Mathuradas Mohota College of Science, Nagpur, MS, 440024, India
| | - Kapil S. Ganorkar
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Mathuradas Mohota College of Science, Nagpur, MS, 440024, India
| | - Vijay J. Thakare
- Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Govt. of Maharashtra, Nagpur, MS, 440012, India
| | | | - Nitin L. Jadhao
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jayant M. Gajbhiye
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Nayana Vaval
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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Wang R, Li X, Lv F, He J, Lv R, Wei L. Sesame bacterial wilt significantly alters rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure, function, and metabolites in continuous cropping systems. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127649. [PMID: 38402727 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt is the leading disease of sesame and alters the bacterial community composition, function, and metabolism of sesame rhizosphere soil. However, its pattern of change is unclear. Here, the purpose of this study was to investigate how these communities respond to three differing severities of bacterial wilt in mature continuously cropped sesame plants by metagenomic and metabolomic techniques, namely, absence (WH), moderate (WD5), and severe (WD9) wilt. The results indicated that bacterial wilt could significantly change the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped sesame plants. The biomarker species with significant differences will also change with increasing disease severity. In particular, the gene expression levels of Ralstonia solanacearum in the WD9 and WD5 treatments increased by 25.29% and 33.61%, respectively, compared to those in the WH treatment (4.35 log10 copies g-1). The occurrence of bacterial wilt significantly altered the functions of the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil. KEEG and CAZy functional annotations revealed that the number of significantly different functions in WH was greater than that in WD5 and WD9. Bacterial wilt significantly affected the relative content of metabolites, especially acids, in the rhizosphere soil, and compared with those in the rhizosphere soil from WH, 10 acids (including S-adenosylmethionine, N-acetylleucine, and desaminotyrosine, etc.) in the rhizosphere soil from WD5 or WD9 significantly increased. In comparison, the changes in the other 10 acids (including hypotaurine, erucic acid, and 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, etc.) were reversed. The occurrence of bacterial wilt also significantly inhibited metabolic pathways such as ABC transporter and amino acid biosynthesis pathways in rhizosphere soil and had a significant impact on two key enzymes (1.1.1.11 and 2.6.1.44). In conclusion, sesame bacterial wilt significantly alters the rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure, function, and metabolites. This study enhances the understanding of sesame bacterial wilt mechanisms and lays the groundwork for future prevention and control strategies against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Wang
- Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 602, Nanlian Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; National Engineering Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, PR China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment Yichun, PR China.
| | - Xinsheng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330200, PR China
| | - Fengjuan Lv
- Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 602, Nanlian Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; National Engineering Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, PR China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment Yichun, PR China
| | - Junhai He
- Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 602, Nanlian Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; National Engineering Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, PR China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment Yichun, PR China
| | - Rujie Lv
- Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 602, Nanlian Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; National Engineering Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, PR China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment Yichun, PR China
| | - Lingen Wei
- Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 602, Nanlian Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; National Engineering Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, PR China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment Yichun, PR China.
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Saravanakumar K, Park S, Vijayasarathy S, Swaminathan A, Sivasantosh S, Kim Y, Yoo G, Madhumitha H, MubarakAli D, Cho N. Cellular metabolism and health impacts of dichlorvos: Occurrence, detection, prevention, and remedial strategies-A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117600. [PMID: 37939806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (2,2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, [DDVP]) belongs to the class of organophosphates and is widely used as an insecticide in agriculture farming and post-harvest storage units. Extensive research has been conducted to assess the factors responsible for the presence of DDVP in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as the entire food chain. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of DDVP metabolites in the food chain and their toxicity to mammals. These studies emphasize that both immediate and chronic exposure to DDVP can disrupt the host's homeostasis, leading to multi-organ damage. Furthermore, as a potent carcinogen, DDVP can harm aquatic systems. Therefore, understanding the contamination of DDVP and its toxicological effects on both plants and mammals is vital for minimizing potential risks and enhancing safety in the future. This review aimed to comprehensively consolidate information about the distribution, ecological effects, and health impacts of DDVP, as well as its metabolism, detection, prevention, and remediation strategies. In summary, this study observes the distribution of DDVP contaminations in vegetables and fruits, resulting in significant toxicity to humans. Although several detection and bioremediation strategies are emerging, the improper application of DDVP and the alarming level of DDVP contamination in foods lead to human toxicity that requires attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sampathkumar Vijayasarathy
- The Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Akila Swaminathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | | | - Yebon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guijae Yoo
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hariharamohan Madhumitha
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Namki Cho
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Zheng Y, Liu C, Chen J, Tang J, Luo J, Zou D, Tang Z, He J, Bai J. Integrated transcriptomic and biochemical characterization of the mechanisms governing stress responses in soil-dwelling invertebrate (Folsomia candida) upon exposure to dibutyl phthalate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132644. [PMID: 37820532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most commonly utilized plasticizers and a frequently detected phthalic acid ester (PAE) compound in soil samples. However, the toxicological effects of DBP on soil-dwelling organisms remain poorly understood. This study employed a multi-biomarker approach to investigate the impact of DBP exposure on Folsomia candida's survival, reproduction, enzyme activity levels, and transcriptional profiles. Analyses of antioxidant biomarkers, including catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as detoxifying enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and lipid peroxidation (LPO), revealed significant increases in CAT activity, GST levels, and CYP450 expression following treatment with various doses of DBP for 2, 4, 7, or 14 days. Additionally, LPO induction was observed along with significant AChE inhibition. In total, 3175 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified following DBP treatment that were enriched in six Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 144 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including 85 upregulated and 59 downregulated primarily associated with lipid metabolism, signal transduction, DNA repair, and cell growth and death. Overall these results provide foundational insights for further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying responses of soil invertebrates to DBP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China; Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China.
| | - Can Liu
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Jianquan Tang
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Jiali Luo
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Di Zou
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Jiali He
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China.
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Yang X, Zhang X, Shu X, Gong J, Yang J, Li B, Lin J, Chai Y, Liu J. The effects of polyethylene microplastics on the growth, reproduction, metabolic enzymes, and metabolomics of earthworms Eisenia fetida. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115390. [PMID: 37619398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The existing data regarding the effects of polyethylene (PE) microplastics (MPs) smaller than 5 mm in size on earthworms are insufficient to fully comprehend their toxicity. In this study, earthworms Eisenia fetida were exposed to artificially added PE at a concentration ranging from 0.05 to 20 g/kg soil (0.005%-2%) for 60 days to determine the concentration range causing negative effects on earthworms and to uncover the potential toxic mechanisms. The individual growth, reproduction, and metabolic enzyme activities, including phase I enzymes (cytochrome P450 [CYP] 1A2, 2B6, 2C9, and 3A4), and phase II metabolic enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione sulfotransferase (GST)), and metabolomics were measured. The observed variations in responses of multiple cross-scale endpoints indicated that individual indices are less responsive to PE MPs than metabolic enzymes or metabolomics. Despite the absence of significant alterations in growth inhibition based on body weight, PE MPs at concentrations equal to or exceeding 2.5 g/kg were found to exert a toxic effect on earthworms, which was evidenced by significant changes in metabolic enzyme activities (CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, and 3A4, SOD, CAT, and GST) and important small molecule metabolites screened based on metabolomics, likely due to the bioaccumulation of PE. The toxicity of PE MPs to earthworms is inferred to be associated with neurotoxicity, oxidative damage, decreased detoxification capacity, energy metabolism imbalance, and impaired amino acid and purine metabolism due to bioaccumulation. The findings of this study will enhance our understanding of the molecular toxicity mechanisms of PE MPs and contribute to a more accurate assessment of the ecological risks posed by PE MPs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Shu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuping Gong
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Biquan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Chai
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
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Malla MA, Dubey A, Kori RK, Sharma V, Kumar A, Yadav S, Kumari S. GC-MS based untargeted metabolomics reveals the metabolic response of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) after chronic combinatorial exposure to three different pesticides. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8583. [PMID: 37237073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics was used to identify the metabolic response of earthworm; Eudrilus eugeniae exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos-CHL, cypermethrin-CYP, Glyphosate-GLY, and Combined-C (all three pesticides) at the concentrations of 3, 6, and 12 mg/kg. Principal component analysis of the obtained datasets revealed a clear distinction between the control and treatment groups. The mean weight of the worms in the treated groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Among the identified metabolites, oleic acid (~ 93.47%), lysine (~ 92.20%), glutamic acid (~ 91.81%), leucine (~ 90.20%), asparagine (~ 94.20%), methionine (~ 92.27%), malic acid (~ 93.37%), turanose (~ 95.04%), maltose (~ 92.36%), cholesta-3,5-diene (~ 86.11%), galactose (~ 93.20%), cholesterol (~ 91.56%), tocopherol (~ 85.09%), decreased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas myoinositol (~ 83%) and isoleucine (78.09%) increased significantly (p < 0.05) upon exposure to the CHL, CYP, GLY, and C. Overall, the findings suggest that earthworms might be a new entry point for the pesticides into the food chain. The present study highlights that metabolomics can be a reliable approach to understand the effect of different xenobiotics including pesticides on the metabolic response of earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Ahmad Malla
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Anamika Dubey
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Rajeesh Kumar Kori
- IRMS, National Dope Testing Laboratory, Ministry of Youth and Sports, GOI, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180 001, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad (A Central University), Prayagraj, UP, 211002, India.
| | - Shweta Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
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Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Narváez C, Cares XA, Sabat P, Naidu R. Predicting the bioremediation potential of earthworms of different ecotypes through a multi-biomarker approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160547. [PMID: 36481136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are attracting the attention of bioremediation research because of their short-term impact on pollutant fate. However, earthworm-assisted bioremediation largely depends on the earthworm sensitivity to target pollutants and its metabolic capacity to break down contaminants. The most studied species in soil bioremediation has been Eisenia fetida, which inhabits the soil surface feeding on decomposing organic residues. Therefore, its bioremediation potential may be limited to organic matter-rich topsoil. We compared the detoxification potential against organophosphate (OP) pesticides of three earthworm species representative of the main ecotypes: epigeic, anecic, and endogeic. Selected biomarkers of pesticide detoxification (esterases, cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase, and glutathione S-transferase) and oxidative homeostasis (total antioxidant capacity, glutathione levels, and glutathione reductase [GR] and catalase activities) were measured in the muscle wall and gastrointestinal tract of E. fetida (epigeic), Lumbricus terrestris (anecic) and Aporrectodea caliginosa (endogeic). Our results show that L. terrestris was the most suitable species to bioremediate OP-contaminated soil for the following reasons: 1) Gut carboxylesterase (CbE) activity of L. terrestris was higher than that of E. fetida, whereas muscle CbE activity was more sensitivity to OP inhibition than that of E. fetida, which means a high capacity to inactivate the toxic oxon metabolites of OPs. 2) Muscle and gut phosphotriesterase activities were significantly higher in L. terrestris than in the other species. 3) Enzymatic (catalase and GR) and molecular mechanisms of free radical inactivation (glutathione) were 3- to 4-fold higher in L. terrestris concerning E. fetida and A. caliginosa, which reveals a higher potential to keep the cellular oxidative homeostasis against reactive metabolites formed during OP metabolism. Together with biological and ecological traits, these toxicological traits suggest L. terrestris a better candidate for soil bioremediation than epigeic earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Cristóbal Narváez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Andrade Cares
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Yang X, Zhang X, Shu X, Zhang W, Kai J, Tang M, Gong J, Yang J, Lin J, Chai Y, Liu J. Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in soil on earthworm growth and reproduction, enzymatic activities, and metabolomics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114158. [PMID: 36228358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased production and environmental release of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) increase soil exposure and potential risk to earthworms. However, MWCNT toxicity to earthworms remains unclear, with some studies identifying negative effects and others negligible effects. In this study, to determine whether exposure to MWCNTs negatively affects earthworms and to elucidate possible mechanisms of toxicity, earthworms were exposed to sublethal soil concentrations of MWCNTs (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for 28 days. Earthworm growth and reproduction, activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms (1A2, 2C9, and 3A4) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST)), and metabolomics were determined. Effects of MWCNTs on earthworms depended on exposure concentration. Exposure to MWCNTs did not significantly affect growth and reproduction of individual earthworms. Exposure to 50 mg/kg MWCNTs significantly increased activities of CYP2C9, CYP3A4, SOD, CAT, and GST but clearly reduced levels of L-aspartate, L-asparagine, and glutamine. With exposure to 100 mg/kg MWCNTs, toxic effects on earthworms were observed, with significant inhibition in activities of CYP isoenzymes and SOD, significant reductions in L-aspartate, L-asparagine, glutamine, and tryptophan, and simultaneous accumulations of citrate, isocitrate, fumarate, 2-oxoglutarate, pyruvate, D-galactose, carbamoyl phosphate, formyl anthranilate, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. Results suggest that toxicity of MWCNTs to earthworms is associated with reduced detoxification capacity, excessive oxidative stress, and disturbance of multiple metabolic pathways, including amino acids metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, pyruvate metabolism, D-galactose metabolism, and purine metabolism. The study provides new insights to better understand and predict the toxicity of MWCNTs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Shu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Kai
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng Tang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiuping Gong
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Lin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Chai
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
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10
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Yu W, Zhang Y, Sang W. Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic reveals metabolic pathway alteration in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) under copper exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109400. [PMID: 35753647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Copper is a trace element that necessary for plant growth in the soil. However, in recent years, due to human activities, the content of copper in soil exceeds the standard seriously, which is threatening the safety of soil animals, plants and even human beings. In this study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of 60 days long-term copper exposure on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) at 67.58 mg/kg, 168.96 mg/kg and 337.92 mg/kg concentration by using transcriptome and metabolomics. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of energy metabolism related genes (LDH, GYS, ATP6N, GAPDH, COX17), immune system related genes (E3.2.1.14) and detoxification related genes (UGT, CYP2U1, CYP1A1) were down-regulated, the expression of antioxidant system related genes (GCLC, HPGDS) were up-regulated in copper exposure experiment of earthworms. Similarly, metabolomics analysis revealed that the expression of energy metabolism related metabolites (Glucose-1-phosphate, Glucose-6-phosphate), TCA cycle related metabolites (fumaric acid, allantoic acid, malate, malic acid) were down-regulated, digestion and immune system related metabolites (Trehalose-6-phosphate) were up-regulated. Integrating transcriptome and metabolomics data, it was found that higher antioxidant capacity and accelerated TCA cycle metabolism may be an adaptive strategy for earthworms to adapt to long-term copper stress. Collectively, the results of this study will greatly contribute to incrementally understand the stress responses on copper exposure to earthworms and supply molecular level support for evaluating the environmental effects of copper on soil organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yanliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Weiguo Sang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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11
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Shu W, Yang Z, Xu Z, Zhu T, Tian X, Yang Y. Effects of one-dimensional nanomaterial polyaniline nanorods on earthworm biomarkers and soil enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:35217-35229. [PMID: 35048350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyaniline nanorods (PANRs) are typical one-dimensional nanomaterials (1D NMs), which are widely used in medicine, batteries and water treatment, etc. Applications of PANRs will eventually enter the soil environment, but their ecotoxicity has been barely reported. Therefore, we measured earthworm biomass, earthworm biomarkers and soil enzymes to investigate the ecotoxicity of PANRs. The result of positive and increasing growth inhibition rates (GIR) showed that PANRs inhibited earthworm growth. As for earthworm biomarkers, PANRs caused a decrease in protein content, indicating that PANRs stress would increase earthworm energy consumption. Except for the 7th day, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD consistently increased, suggesting that PANRs activated the earthworm antioxidant system. The continually augment of MDA content indicated that PANRs stress would cause earthworm lipid damage. Na+-K+-ATPase increased with an excellent dose-time relationship. Differently, cellulase and AChE activities promoted at low concentrations and inhibited at high concentrations. The positive and dose-dependent IBRv2 indicated that the higher the concentrations of PANRs, the greater the ecotoxicity to earthworms. PANRs inhibited the soil enzyme activities such as sucrase, neutral phosphatase, protease and urease, while induced catalase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Earthworm addition reduced catalase activity by 10.74-29.99%, but improved other soil enzymes activities, demonstrating that earthworms played a positive role in regulating soil enzyme activity. GMean and T-SQI consistently increased due to earthworm activity, meaning a higher soil microbial functional diversity. Generally, this study provided data support for future PANRs toxicity studies, but their toxicity mechanisms still need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Shu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaifu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhinan Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Jing M, Han G, Li Y, Zong W, Liu R. Cellular and molecular responses of earthworm coelomocytes and antioxidant enzymes to naphthalene and a major metabolite (1-naphthol). J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Yang X, Gong J, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang W, Yang J, Lin J, Chai Y, Liu J. Evaluation of the combined toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and cadmium on earthworms in soil using multi-level biomarkers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112441. [PMID: 34174738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with cadmium (Cd) in soil may cause the combined biological effects, but few study reported about their joint toxic effects on earthworms. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of sub-lethal levels of MWCNTs (10, 50, 100 mg/kg) and Cd (2.0, 10 mg/kg) on earthworms Eisenia fetida for 14 days. The changes in multi-level biomarkers of growth inhibition rate, cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (CYP1A2, 2C9 and 3A4), and small molecular metabolites (metabolomics) were determined. The toxic interaction between MWCNTs and Cd was characterized by the combination of the biomarker integration index (BRI), joint effect index concentration addition index (CAI), and the effect concentration addition index (EAI). The results showed that the single MWCNTs exposure caused insignificant change in most biomarkers, while the combined exposure of MWCNTs (50-100 mg/kg) and 10 mg/kg Cd led to significant changes in ten most important metabolites identified by metabolomics and activities of CYP1A2, 2C9, and 3A4. Compared with the toxicity of Cd alone, the combined toxicity of the mixture was significantly reduced. According to the integration of BRI and CAI/EAI, a clearly antagonistic interaction at relatively low effects was observed between MWCNTs and Cd. The responses of multiple biomarkers suggest the toxic action mode of the mixture on earthworms was related to the oxidative injury, and the disruption of amino acid, purine, and pyrimidine metabolism, and the urea cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiuping Gong
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchuan Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Water, Environment, Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Chai
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic of China
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