1
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Liu C, Zong C, Chen S, Chu J, Yang Y, Pan Y, Yuan B, Zhang H. Machine learning-driven QSAR models for predicting the cytotoxicity of five common microplastics. Toxicology 2024; 508:153918. [PMID: 39137828 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
In the field of microplastics (MPs) toxicity prediction, machine learning (ML) computer simulation techniques are showing great potential. In this study, six ML algorithms were utilized to predict the toxicity of MPs on BEAS-2B cells based on quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. Comparing the models of different algorithms, the extreme gradient boosting model showed the best fit and prediction performance (R2tra = 0.9876, R2test = 0.9286). Additionally, Williams plot analysis showed that the six models developed were able to predict stably within their applicability domain, with few outliers. Finally, the three feature importance methods-Embedded Feature Importance (EFI), Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)-consistently identified particle size as the most critical feature affecting toxicity prediction. The proposed QSAR model can be utilized for preliminary environmental exposure assessments of MPs and to better understand the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Liu
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Cheng Zong
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Shuang Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Jiangliang Chu
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Yifan Yang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Yong Pan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Beilei Yuan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Huazhong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China.
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2
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Moncho S, Serrano-Candelas E, de Julián-Ortiz JV, Gozalbes R. A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:854-866. [PMID: 39015425 PMCID: PMC11250003 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models are routinely used to predict the properties and biological activity of chemicals to direct synthetic advances, perform massive screenings, and even to register new substances according to international regulations. Currently, nanoscale QSAR (nano-QSAR) models, adapting this methodology to predict the intrinsic features of nanomaterials (NMs) and quantitatively assess their risks, are blooming. One of the challenges is the characterization of the NMs. This cannot be done with a simple SMILES representation, as for organic molecules, because their chemical structure is complex, including several layers and many inorganic materials, and their size and geometry are key features. In this review, we survey the literature for existing predictive models for NMs and discuss the variety of calculated and experimental features used to define and describe NMs. In the light of this research, we propose a classification of the descriptors including those that directly describe a component of the nanoform (core, surface, or structure) and also experimental features (related to the nanomaterial's behavior, preparation, or test conditions) that indirectly reflect its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Moncho
- ProtoQSAR S.L., CEEI Valencia, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz
- Universitat de València, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física, Unidad de Investigación de Diseño de Fármacos y Conectividad Molecular, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés 0, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Rafael Gozalbes
- ProtoQSAR S.L., CEEI Valencia, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- MolDrug AI Systems S.L., Olimpia Arozena Torres 45, 46108 Valencia, Spain
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3
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Zhang CX, Fan B, Chi J, Li YL, Jiao Q, Zhang ZY, Li GY. Differences between long- and short-wavelength light-induced retinal damage and the role of PARP-1 in retinal injury induced by blue light. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109946. [PMID: 38815794 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy uses light of different wavelengths to treat various retinal degeneration diseases, but the potential damage to the retina caused by long-term light irradiation is still unclear. This study were designed to detect the difference between long- and short-wavelength light (650-nm red light and 450-nm blue light, 2.55 mW/cm2, reference intensity in PBM)-induced injury. In addition, a comparative study was conducted to investigate the differences in retinal light damage induced by different irradiation protocols (short periods of repeated irradiation and a long period of constant irradiation). Furthermore, the protective role of PARP-1 inhibition on the molecular mechanism of blue light-induced injury was confirmed by a gene knockdown technique or a specific inhibitor through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the susceptibility to retinal damage caused by irradiation with long- and short-wavelength light is different. Shorter wavelength lights, such as blue light, induce more severe retinal damage, while the retina exhibits better resistance to longer wavelength lights, such as red light. In addition, repeated irradiation for short periods induces less retinal damage than constant exposure over a long period. PARP-1 plays a critical role in the molecular mechanism of blue light-induced damage in photoreceptors and retina, and inhibiting PARP-1 can significantly protect the retina against blue light damage. This study lays an experimental foundation for assessing the safety of phototherapy products and for developing target drugs to protect the retina from light damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jing Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
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4
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Senanayake RD, Daly CA, Hernandez R. Optimized Bags of Artificial Neural Networks Can Predict the Viability of Organisms Exposed to Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2857-2870. [PMID: 38536900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Prediction of organismal viability upon exposure to a nanoparticle in varying environments─as fully specified at the molecular scale─has emerged as a useful figure of merit in the design of engineered nanoparticles. We build on our earlier finding that a bag of artificial neural networks (ANNs) can provide such a prediction when such machines are trained with a relatively small data set (with ca. 200 examples). Therein, viabilities were predicted by consensus using the weighted means of the predictions from the bags. Here, we confirm the accuracy and precision of the prediction of nanoparticle viabilities using an optimized bag of ANNs over sets of data examples that had not previously been used in the training and validation process. We also introduce the viability strip, rather than a single value, as the prediction and construct it from the viability probability distribution of an ensemble of ANNs compatible with the data set. Specifically, the ensemble consists of the ANNs arising from subsets of the data set corresponding to different splittings between training and validation, and the different bags (k-folds). A k - 1 k machine uses a single partition (or bag) of k - 1 ANNs each trained on 1/k of the data to obtain a consensus prediction, and a k-bag machine quorum samples the k possible k - 1 k machines available for a given partition. We find that with increasing k in the k-bag or k - 1 k machines, the viability strips become more normally distributed and their predictions become more precise. Benchmark comparisons between ensembles of 4-bag machines and 3 4 fraction machines suggest that the 3 4 fraction machine has similar accuracy while overcoming some of the challenges arising from divergent ANNs in the 4-bag machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravithree D Senanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Clyde A Daly
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Rigoberto Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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5
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Cheng K, Pan Y, Yuan B. Cytotoxicity prediction of nano metal oxides on different lung cells via Nano-QSAR. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123405. [PMID: 38244905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, nanomaterials have found extensive applications across diverse domains owing to their distinctive physical and chemical characteristics. It is of great importance in theoretical and practical terms to carry out the relationship between structural characteristics of nanomaterials and different cytotoxicity and to achieve practical assessment and prediction of cytotoxicity. This study investigated the intrinsic quantitative constitutive relationships between the cytotoxicity of nano-metal oxides on human normal lung epithelial cells and human lung adenocarcinoma cells. We first employed quasi-SMILES-based nanostructural descriptors by selecting the five physicochemical properties that are most closely related to the cytotoxicity of nanometal oxides, then established SMILES-based descriptors that can effectively describe and characterize the molecular structure of nanometal oxides, and then built the corresponding Nano-Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (Nano-QSAR) prediction models, finally, combined with the theory of reactive oxygen species (ROS) biotoxicity, to reveal the mechanism of toxicity and differences between the two cell types. The established model can efficiently and accurately predict the properties of targets, reveal the corresponding toxicity mechanisms, and guide the safe design, synthesis, and application of nanometal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiao Cheng
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yong Pan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Beilei Yuan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
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6
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Seo M, Choi J, Park J, Yu WJ, Kim S. Computational modeling approaches for developing a synergistic effect prediction model of estrogen agonistic activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140926. [PMID: 38092168 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The concerns regarding the potential health threats caused by estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their mixtures manufactured by the chemical industry are increasing worldwide. Conventional experimental tests for understanding the estrogenic activity of mixtures are expensive and time-consuming. Although non-testing methods using computational modeling approaches have been developed to reduce the number of traditional tests, they are unsuitable for predicting synergistic effects because current prediction models consider only a single chemical. Thus, the development of predictive models is essential for predicting the mixture toxicity, including chemical interactions. However, selecting suitable computational modeling approaches to develop a high-performance prediction model requires considerable time and effort. In this study, we provide a suitable computational approach to develop a predictive model for the synergistic effects of estrogenic activity. We collected datasets on mixture toxicity based on the synergistic effect of estrogen agonistic activity in binary mixtures. Using the model deviation ratio approach, we classified the labels of the binary mixtures as synergistic or non-synergistic effects. We assessed five molecular descriptors, four machine learning-based algorithms, and a deep learning-based algorithm to provide a suitable computational modeling approach. Compared with other modeling approaches, the prediction model using the deep learning-based algorithm and chemical-protein network descriptors exhibited the best performance in predicting the synergistic effects. In conclusion, we developed a new high-performance binary classification model using a deep neural network and chemical-protein network-based descriptors. The developed model will be helpful for the preliminary screening of the synergistic effects of binary mixtures during the development process of chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungwon Seo
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongseo Park
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wook-Joon Yu
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Gakis GP, Aviziotis IG, Charitidis CA. A structure-activity approach towards the toxicity assessment of multicomponent metal oxide nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16432-16446. [PMID: 37791566 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The increase of human and environmental exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) due to the emergence of nanotechnology has raised concerns over their safety. The challenging nature of in vivo and in vitro toxicity assessment methods for ENMs, has led to emerging in silico techniques for ENM toxicity assessment, such as structure-activity relationship (SAR) models. Although such approaches have been extensively developed for the case of single-component nanomaterials, the case of multicomponent nanomaterials (MCNMs) has not been thoroughly addressed. In this paper, we present a SAR approach for the case metal and metal oxide MCNMs. The developed SAR framework is built using a dataset of 796 individual toxicity measurements for 340 different MCNMs, towards human cells, mammalian cells, and bacteria. The novelty of the approach lies in the multicomponent nature of the nanomaterials, as well as the size, diversity and heterogeneous nature of the dataset used. Furthermore, the approach used to calculate descriptors for surface loaded MCNMs, and the mechanistic insight provided by the model results can assist the understanding of MCNM toxicity. The developed models are able to correctly predict the toxic class of the MCNMs in the heterogeneous dataset, towards a wide range of human cells, mammalian cells and bacteria. Using the abovementioned approach, the principal toxicity pathways and mechanisms are identified, allowing a more holistic understanding of metal oxide MCNM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Gakis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou Street, Zografos, Athens 15780, Greece.
| | - I G Aviziotis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou Street, Zografos, Athens 15780, Greece.
| | - C A Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou Street, Zografos, Athens 15780, Greece.
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8
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Li YL, Zhang TZ, Han LK, He C, Pan YR, Fan B, Li GY. The AMPK-dependent inhibition of autophagy plays a crucial role in protecting photoreceptor from photooxidative injury. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 245:112735. [PMID: 37302156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive light exposure can potentially cause irreversible damage to the various photoreceptor cells, and this aspect has been considered as an important factor leading to the progression of the different retinal diseases. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are crucial intracellular signaling hubs involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism, energy homeostasis, cellular growth and autophagy. A number of previous studies have indicated that either AMPK activation or mTOR inhibition can promote autophagy in most cases. In the current study, we have established an in vitro as well as in vivo photooxidation-damaged photoreceptor model and investigated the possible influence of visible light exposure in the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway. We have also explored the potential regulatory effects of AMPK/mTOR on light-induced autophagy and protection achieved by suppressing autophagy in photooxidation-damaged photoreceptors. We observed that light exposure led to a significant activation of mTOR and autophagy in the photoreceptor cells. However, intriguingly, AMPK activation or mTOR inhibition significantly inhibited rather than promoting autophagy, which was termed as AMPK-dependent inhibition of autophagy. In addition, either indirectly suppressing autophagy by AMPK activation/ mTOR inhibition or directly blocking autophagy with an inhibitor exerted a significant protective effect on the photoreceptor cells against the photooxidative damage. Neuroprotective effects caused by the AMPK-dependent inhibition of autophagy were also verified with a retinal light injured mouse model in vivo. Overall, our findings demonstrated that AMPK / mTOR pathway could inhibit autophagy through AMPK-dependent inhibition of autophagy to significantly protect the photoreceptors from photooxidative injury, which may aid to further develop novel targeted retinal neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Tian-Zi Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Li-Kun Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chang He
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yi-Ran Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China.
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China.
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9
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Yan X, Yue T, Winkler DA, Yin Y, Zhu H, Jiang G, Yan B. Converting Nanotoxicity Data to Information Using Artificial Intelligence and Simulation. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37262026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Decades of nanotoxicology research have generated extensive and diverse data sets. However, data is not equal to information. The question is how to extract critical information buried in vast data streams. Here we show that artificial intelligence (AI) and molecular simulation play key roles in transforming nanotoxicity data into critical information, i.e., constructing the quantitative nanostructure (physicochemical properties)-toxicity relationships, and elucidating the toxicity-related molecular mechanisms. For AI and molecular simulation to realize their full impacts in this mission, several obstacles must be overcome. These include the paucity of high-quality nanomaterials (NMs) and standardized nanotoxicity data, the lack of model-friendly databases, the scarcity of specific and universal nanodescriptors, and the inability to simulate NMs at realistic spatial and temporal scales. This review provides a comprehensive and representative, but not exhaustive, summary of the current capability gaps and tools required to fill these formidable gaps. Specifically, we discuss the applications of AI and molecular simulation, which can address the large-scale data challenge for nanotoxicology research. The need for model-friendly nanotoxicity databases, powerful nanodescriptors, new modeling approaches, molecular mechanism analysis, and design of the next-generation NMs are also critically discussed. Finally, we provide a perspective on future trends and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at the Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - David A Winkler
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, U.K
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Yongguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at the Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Kumar M, Nguyen TPN, Kaur J, Singh TG, Soni D, Singh R, Kumar P. Opportunities and challenges in application of artificial intelligence in pharmacology. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:3-18. [PMID: 36624355 PMCID: PMC9838466 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a machine science that can mimic human behaviour like intelligent analysis of data. AI functions with specialized algorithms and integrates with deep and machine learning. Living in the digital world can generate a huge amount of medical data every day. Therefore, we need an automated and reliable evaluation tool that can make decisions more accurately and faster. Machine learning has the potential to learn, understand and analyse the data used in healthcare systems. In the last few years, AI is known to be employed in various fields in pharmaceutical science especially in pharmacological research. It helps in the analysis of preclinical (laboratory animals) and clinical (in human) trial data. AI also plays important role in various processes such as drug discovery/manufacturing, diagnosis of big data for disease identification, personalized treatment, clinical trial research, radiotherapy, surgical robotics, smart electronic health records, and epidemic outbreak prediction. Moreover, AI has been used in the evaluation of biomarkers and diseases. In this review, we explain various models and general processes of machine learning and their role in pharmacological science. Therefore, AI with deep learning and machine learning could be relevant in pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - T P Nhung Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | | | - Divya Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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11
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Chen X, Sun S, Huang S, Yang H, Ye Q, Lv L, Liang Y, Shan J, Xu J, Liu W, Ma T. Gold(I) selenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria via inhibiting thioredoxin reductase. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102621. [PMID: 36758467 PMCID: PMC9939723 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have become a global threat to human life and health, and novel antibiotics are urgently needed. The thioredoxin (Trx) system can be used as an antibacterial target to combat MDR bacteria. Here, we found that two active gold(I) selenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes H7 and H8 show more promising antibacterial effects against MDR bacteria than auranofin. Both H7 and H8 irreversibly inhibit the bacterial TrxR activity via targeting the redox-active motif, abolishing the capacity of TrxR to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) and finally leading to oxidative stress. The increased cellular superoxide radical levels impact a variety of functions necessary for bacterial survival, such as cellular redox balance, cell membrane integrity, amino acid metabolism, and lipid peroxidation. In vivo data present much better antibacterial activity of H7 and H8 than auranofin, promoting the wound healing and prolonging the survival time of Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) induced peritonitis. Most notably in this study, we revealed the influence of gold(I) complexes on both the Trx system and the cellular metabolic states to better understand their killing mechanism and to support further antibacterial drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Chen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shibo Sun
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Han Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qing Ye
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lin Lv
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanshan Liang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China.
| | - Wukun Liu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Tonghui Ma
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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12
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Sang L, Wang Y, Zong C, Wang P, Zhang H, Guo D, Yuan B, Pan Y. Machine Learning for Evaluating the Cytotoxicity of Mixtures of Nano-TiO 2 and Heavy Metals: QSAR Model Apply Random Forest Algorithm after Clustering Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186125. [PMID: 36144857 PMCID: PMC9500633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development and application of nanomaterials, their impact on the environment and organisms has attracted attention. As a common nanomaterial, nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) has adsorption properties to heavy metals in the environment. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is often used to predict the cytotoxicity of a single substance. However, there is little research on the toxicity of interaction between nanomaterials and other substances. In this study, we exposed human renal cortex proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2) cells to mixtures of eight heavy metals with nano-TiO2, measured absorbance values by CCK-8, and calculated cell viability. PLS and two ensemble learning algorithms are used to build multiple QSAR models for data sets, and the test set R2 is increased from 0.38 to 0.78 and 0.85, and RMSE is decreased from 0.18 to 0.12 and 0.10. After selecting the better random forest algorithm, the K-means clustering algorithm is used to continue to optimize the model, increasing the test set R2 to 0.95 and decreasing the RMSE to 0.08 and 0.06. As a reliable machine algorithm, random forest can be used to predict the toxicity of the mixture of nano-metal oxides and heavy metals. The cluster analysis can effectively improve the stability and predictability of the model, and provide a new idea for the prediction of cytotoxicity model in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqi Sang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yunlin Wang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Cheng Zong
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huazhong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Preventive Health Branch, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Beilei Yuan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-25-5813-9553 (B.Y.)
| | - Yong Pan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-25-5813-9553 (B.Y.)
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13
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Kumar R. Materiomically Designed Polymeric Vehicles for Nucleic Acids: Quo Vadis? ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2507-2535. [PMID: 35642794 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in molecular biology, particularly in site-specific genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and base editing, financial and logistical challenges hinder a broad population from accessing and benefiting from gene therapy. To improve the affordability and scalability of gene therapy, we need to deploy chemically defined, economical, and scalable materials, such as synthetic polymers. For polymers to deliver nucleic acids efficaciously to targeted cells, they must optimally combine design attributes, such as architecture, length, composition, spatial distribution of monomers, basicity, hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase balance, or protonation degree. Designing polymeric vectors for specific nucleic acid payloads is a multivariate optimization problem wherein even minuscule deviations from the optimum are poorly tolerated. To explore the multivariate polymer design space rapidly, efficiently, and fruitfully, we must integrate parallelized polymer synthesis, high-throughput biological screening, and statistical modeling. Although materiomics approaches promise to streamline polymeric vector development, several methodological ambiguities must be resolved. For instance, establishing a flexible polymer ontology that accommodates recent synthetic advances, enforcing uniform polymer characterization and data reporting standards, and implementing multiplexed in vitro and in vivo screening studies require considerable planning, coordination, and effort. This contribution will acquaint readers with the challenges associated with materiomics approaches to polymeric gene delivery and offers guidelines for overcoming these challenges. Here, we summarize recent developments in combinatorial polymer synthesis, high-throughput screening of polymeric vectors, omics-based approaches to polymer design, barcoding schemes for pooled in vitro and in vivo screening, and identify materiomics-inspired research directions that will realize the long-unfulfilled clinical potential of polymeric carriers in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1613 Illinois St, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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14
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Toropova AP, Toropov AA. Nanomaterials: Quasi-SMILES as a flexible basis for regulation and environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153747. [PMID: 35149067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Basic principles and problems of the systematization of data on nanomaterials are discussed. The eclectic character of nanomaterials is defined as the key difference between nanomaterials and traditional substances. The quasi-SMILES technique is described and discussed. The possible role of the approach is bridging between experimentalists and developers of models for endpoints related to nanomaterials. The use of models on the possible impact of nanomaterials on the environment and human health has been collected and compared. The new criteria of the predictive potential for the above models are discussed. The advantage of the statistical criteria sensitive simultaneously to both the correlation coefficient and the root mean square error noted. The rejection of the border between the effect of the biochemical reality of substances at a molecular level and the effect of experiment conditions at the macro level gives the possibility to develop models that are epistemologically more reliable in the comparison with traditional models based exclusively on the molecular structure-biological activity interdependence (without taking into account experimental conditions). Models of the physicochemical and biochemical behaviour of nanomaterials are necessary in order to develop and apply new industrial achievements, everyday comfort species, medicine, cosmetics, and foods without negative effects on ecology and human health. The CORAL (abbreviation CORrelation And Logic) software provides the user with the possibility to build up nano-QSAR models as a mathematical function of so-called correlation weights of fragments of quasi-SMILES. These models are built up via the Monte Carlo method. Apparently, the quasi-SMILES is a universal representation of nano-reality since there is no limitation to choose the list of eclectic data able to have an impact on nano-phenomena. This paradigm is a convenient language to the conversation of experimentalists and developers of models for nano-phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla P Toropova
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrey A Toropov
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
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15
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Wang Z, Zhang F, Wang DG. Predicting joint toxicity of chemicals by incorporating a weighted descriptor into a mixture model: Cases for binary antibiotics and binary nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113472. [PMID: 35390689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A prediction method that integrated a mixture descriptor with an established mixture toxicology method was proposed for the joint toxicity of chemical pollutants. A weighted descriptor derived from the single descriptor of each component was employed to calculate a mixture descriptor, which was successfully embedded into the generalized concentration addition (GCA) model named the extended GCA (XGCA) model. To develop and validate the proposed approach, binary antibiotic mixtures (ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline) and metal-oxide (copper oxide and zinc oxide) nanoparticle mixtures were selected to study their toxicity to freshwater green algae. The results showed that concentration-response curve (CRC) derived from the XGCA model was closer to the observed CRC than those from the GCA, Concentration Addition (CA), and Independent Action (IA) models. The difference between effect concentrations predicted by the XGCA model and observed did not exceed a factor of 1.6. The XGCA model was relatively more accurate at predicting joint toxicity (in terms of effect concentrations and effect errors) than the reference models, independent of component types and mixture ratios. The XGCA model predicts the joint toxicity through molecular structural or nanostructural characters, thus modes of toxic action are not preconditions for predicting the toxicity of the mixtures. This result demonstrates the practicability of using the XGCA method in toxicity assessments of mixture pollutants with unknown modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - De-Gao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
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16
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Ji Z, Guo W, Wood EL, Liu J, Sakkiah S, Xu X, Patterson TA, Hong H. Machine Learning Models for Predicting Cytotoxicity of Nanomaterials. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:125-139. [PMID: 35029374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The wide application of nanomaterials in consumer and medical products has raised concerns about their potential adverse effects on human health. Thus, more and more biological assessments regarding the toxicity of nanomaterials have been performed. However, the different ways the evaluations were performed, such as the utilized assays, cell lines, and the differences of the produced nanoparticles, make it difficult for scientists to analyze and effectively compare toxicities of nanomaterials. Fortunately, machine learning has emerged as a powerful tool for the prediction of nanotoxicity based on the available data. Among different types of toxicity assessments, nanomaterial cytotoxicity was the focus here because of the high sensitivity of cytotoxicity assessment to different treatments without the need for complicated and time-consuming procedures. In this review, we summarized recent studies that focused on the development of machine learning models for prediction of cytotoxicity of nanomaterials. The goal was to provide insight into predicting potential nanomaterial toxicity and promoting the development of safe nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowei Ji
- National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Wenjing Guo
- National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Erin L Wood
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Sugunadevi Sakkiah
- National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Tucker A Patterson
- National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
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17
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Trinh TX, Seo M, Yoon TH, Kim J. Developing random forest based QSAR models for predicting the mixture toxicity of TiO 2 based nano-mixtures to Daphnia magna. NANOIMPACT 2022; 25:100383. [PMID: 35559889 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During emission, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) might meet various chemicals, including metal ions and organic compounds in aquatic environments (e.g., surface water, sediments). At environmentally safe concentrations, combinations of both TiO2 NPs and those chemicals might cause cocktail effects (i.e., mixture toxicity) to aquatic organisms. Previous models such as concentration addition and independent action require dose-response curves of single components in the mixtures to predict the mixture toxicity. Structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models might predict the toxicity of nano-mixtures without dose-response curves of single components in the mixtures. However, current quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models are mainly focused on predicting cytotoxicity (i.e., cell viability) of heterogeneous metallic TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) or mixtures of TiO2 NPs and four metal ions (Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+). To minimize the experimental cost of nano-mixture risk assessment, in this study, we developed novel nano-mixture QSAR models to predict i) EC50 of 76 nano-mixtures containing TiO2 NPs and one of eight inorganic/organic compounds (i.e., AgNO3, Cd(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, CuSO4, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2, Benzylparaben and Benzophenone-3), to Daphnia magna(D. magna), and ii) immobilization of D. magna exposed to one of 98 mixtures containing TiO2 NPs and one of eleven inorganic/organic compounds (i.e., AgNO3, Cd(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, CuSO4, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2, Benzylparaben Benzophenone-3, Pirimicarb, Pentabromodiphenyl Ether and Triton X-100). The nano-mixture QSAR models were developed with mixture descriptors (Dmix) combing quantum descriptors of mixture components (e.g., TiO2 NPs and its partners) by using different machine learning techniques (i.e., random forest, neural network, support vector machine, and multiple linear regression). Nano-mixture QSAR models built with the random forest algorithm and proposed mixture descriptors exhibited good performance for predicting logEC50 (Adj.R2test = 0.955 ± 0.003, RMSEtest = 0.016 ± 0.002, and MAEtest = 0.008 ± 0.001) and immobilization (Adj.R2test = 0.888 ± 0.011, RMSEtest = 11.327 ± 0.730, and MAEtest = 5.933 ± 0.442). The models developed in this study were implemented in a user-friendly application for assessing the aquatic toxicity of TiO2 based nano-mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung X Trinh
- Chemical Safety Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungwon Seo
- Chemical Safety Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoon Kim
- Chemical Safety Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Furxhi I. Health and environmental safety of nanomaterials: O Data, Where Art Thou? NANOIMPACT 2022; 25:100378. [PMID: 35559884 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology keeps drawing attention due to the great tunable properties of nanomaterials in comparison to their bulk conventional materials. The growth of nanotechnology in combination with the digitization era has led to an increased need of safety related data. In addition to safety, new data-driven paradigms on safe and sustainable by design materials are stressing the necessity of data even more. Data is a fundamental asset to the scientific community in studying and analysing the entire life-cycle of nanomaterials. Unfortunately, data exist in a scattered fashion, in different sources and formats. To our knowledge, there is no study focusing on aspects of actual data-structure knowledge that exists in literature and databases. The purpose of this review research is to transparently and comprehensively, display to the nanoscience community the datasets readily available for machine learning purposes making it convenient and more efficient for the next users such as modellers or data curators to retrieve information. We systematically recorded the features and descriptors available in the datasets and provide synopsised information on their ranges, forms and metrics in the supplementary material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Furxhi
- Transgero Limited, Cullinagh, Newcastle West, Co. Limerick, Ireland; Dept. of Accounting and Finance, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, V94PH93, Ireland.
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19
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Combined impact of TiO2 nanoparticles and antibiotics on the activity and bacterial community of partial nitrification system. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259671. [PMID: 34780518 PMCID: PMC8592496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) together with antibiotics leaking into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), especially the partial nitrification (PN) process remain unclear. To evaluate the combined impact and mechanisms of nano-TiO2 and antibiotics on PN systems, batch experiments were carried out with six bench-scale sequencing batch reactors. Nano-TiO2 at a low level had minimal effects on the PN system. In combination with tetracycline and erythromycin, the acute impact of antibiotics was enhanced. Both steps of nitrification were retarded due to the decrease of bacterial activity and abundance, while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were more sensitive to the inhibition than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Proteobacteria at the phylum level and Nitrosospira at the genus level remained predominant under single and combined impacts. The flow cytometry analysis showed that nano-TiO2 enhanced the toxicity of antibiotics through increasing cell permeability. Our results can help clarify the risks of nano-TiO2 combined with antibiotics to PN systems and explaining the behavior of nanoparticles in WWTPs.
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Gupta R, Chen Y, Xie H. In vitro dissolution considerations associated with nano drug delivery systems. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1732. [PMID: 34132050 PMCID: PMC8526385 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer promising solution for the translation of future nanomedicines. As bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes can be improved by altering the drug release from these NDDS, it becomes essential to thoroughly understand their drug release kinetics. Moreover, U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires critical evaluation of potential safety, efficacy, and public health impacts of nanomaterials. Spiraling up market share of NDDS has also stimulated the pharmaceutical industry to develop their cost-effective generic versions after the expiry of patent and associated exclusivity. However, unlike the conventional dosage forms, the in vivo disposition of NDDS is highly intricate and different from their in vitro behavior. Significant challenges exist in the establishment of in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) due to incomplete understanding of nanoparticles' in vivo biofate and its impact on in vitro experimental protocols. A rational design of dissolution may serve as quality and quantity control tool and help develop a meaningful IVIVC for favorable economic implications. Clinically relevant drug product specifications (critical quality attributes) can be identified by establishing a link between in vitro performance and in vivo exposure. In vitro dissolution may also play a pivotal role to understand the dissolution-mediated clearance and safety of NDDS. Prevalent in vitro dissolution methods for NDDS and their limitations are discussed in this review, among which USP 4 is gaining more interest recently. Researchers are working diligently to develop biorelevant in vitro release assays to ensure optimal therapeutic performance of generic versions of these NDDS. This article focuses on these studies and presents important considerations for the future development of clinically relevant in vitro release methods. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Huan Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA 77004
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