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Sharma B, Sarkar S. Disease burden and health risk to rural communities of northeastern India from indoor cooking-related exposure to parent, oxygenated and alkylated PAHs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167163. [PMID: 37730065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a total of 51 targeted and non-targeted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygenated and alkylated derivatives associated with size-segregated aerosol was investigated in rural kitchens using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), mixed biomass (MB) and firewood (FW) fuels in northeastern India. The averaged PM10-associated parent-, alkylated-, and oxygenated-PAHs concentrations increased notably from LPG (257, 54, and 116 ng m-3) to MB (838, 119, and 272 ng m-3) to FW-using kitchens (2762, 225, and 554 ng m-3), respectively. PAHs were preferentially associated with the PM1 fraction with contributions increasing from 80 % in LPG to 86 % in MB and 90 % in FW-using kitchens, which in turn was dominated by <0.25 μm particles (54-75 % of the total). A clear profile of enrichment of low-molecular weight PAHs in cleaner fuels (LPG) and a contrasting enrichment of high-molecular weight PAHs in biomass-based fuels was noted. The averaged internal dose of Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent was the lowest in the case of LPG (19 ng m-3), followed by MB (161 ng m-3) and the highest in FW users (782 ng m-3). Estimation of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) from PAH exposure revealed extremely high cancer risk in biomass users (factors of 8-40) compared to LPG. The potential years of life lost (PYLL) and PYLL rate averaged across kitchen categories was higher for lung cancer (PYLL: 10.55 ± 1.04 years; PYLL rate: 204 ± 426) compared to upper respiratory tract cancer (PYLL: 10.02 ± 0.05 years; PYLL rate: 4 ± 7), and the PYLL rates for biomass users were higher by factors of 9-56 as compared to LPG users. These findings stress the need for accelerated governmental intervention to ensure a quick transition from traditional biomass-based fuels to cleaner alternatives for the rural population of northeastern India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Sharma
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Sayantan Sarkar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India.
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Zhang Y, Tong Y, Cheng F, Shi J, Huang J, Yu M, You J. Occurrence of emerging contaminants in pet hair and indoor air: integrative health risk assessment using multiple ToxCast endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1839-1849. [PMID: 37427597 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoor exposome is a growing concern, including a mixture of legacy and emerging contaminants. Recent studies suggest that indoor pollutants may accumulate in pet hair, a part of indoor exposome, increasing health risks to pet owners; however, the source and hazards of pollutants associated with pet hair are largely unknown. Here, we found that hydrophobic pollutants often had higher indoor concentrations than hydrophilic ones, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the most dominant fractions (61.1%) in indoor air exposome while polycyclic musks (PCMs) had the highest concentrations among all contaminant classes in indoor dust (1559 ± 1598 ng g-1 dw) and pet hair (2831 ± 2458 ng g-1 dw). The levels of hygiene-related contaminants (PCMs, current-use pesticides (CUPs), and antibiotics) were higher in pet hair than dust due to direct contact during applications. Health risk assessment using toxicity thresholds from high-throughput screening data showed that human health risks from the five classes of indoor contaminants (PAHs, PCMs, organophosphate esters, CUPs, and antibiotics) via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact were within acceptable limits, but the children may be exposed to a higher risk than the adults. The thresholds estimated from the ToxCast data using endpoint sensitivity distribution make the exposome risk assessment feasible in the absence of benchmarks, which is beneficial for including a mixture of emerging pollutants in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Yujun Tong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Fei Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Jingwen Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Jiehui Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Minqi Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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Li S, Men Y, Luo Z, Huang W, Xing R, Sun C, Shen G. Indoor exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with solid fuel use in rural China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8761-8770. [PMID: 37737552 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants associated with various health risks including lung cancer. Indoor exposure to PAHs, particularly from the indoor burning of fuels, is significant; however, long-term large-scale assessments of indoor PAHs are hampered by high costs and time-consuming in field sampling and laboratory experiments. A simple fuel-based approach and statistical regression models were developed as a trial to predict indoor BaP, as a typical PAH, in China, and consequently spatiotemporal variations in indoor BaP and indoor exposure contributions were discussed. The results show that the national population-weighted indoor BaP concentration has decreased substantially from 46.1 ng/m3 in 1992 to 6.60 ng/m3 in 2017, primarily due to the increased use of clean energies for cooking and heating. Indoor BaP exposure contributed to > 70% of the total inhalation exposure in most cities, particularly in regions where solid fuels are widely utilized. With limited experimental observation data in building statistical models, quantitative results of the study are associated with high uncertainties; however, the study undoubtedly supports effective countermeasures on indoor PAHs from solid fuel use and the importance of promoting clean household energy usage to improve household air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Li
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yatai Men
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ran Xing
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Shandong Warm Valley New Energy & Environmental Protection, Yantai, 264001, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- MOE Key Lab for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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4
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Siudek P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coarse particles (PM 10) over the coastal urban region in Poland: Distribution, source analysis and human health risk implications. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137130. [PMID: 36336024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the results of PM10-bound PAH measurements were subjected to positive matrix factorization (PMF) approach and diagnostic ratios to investigate their levels, seasonal variability, impact of primary anthropogenic sources, and human health risk via the inhalation route. Daily ground-based observations were carried out at a representative coastal site in Gdynia (northern Poland), from April to December 2019. The concentrations of Σ13PAHs in PM10 varied between 0.45 ng m-3 and 54.02 ng m-3, with a mean of 5.22 ± 8.67 ng m-3. A clear seasonality and distribution profiles of PM10-bound PAHs were observed as a result of local/remote sources and meteorological conditions. The highest Σ13PAH concentration was found in December (18.56 ± 16.45 ng m-3) and the lowest values were observed between June and September (3.89 ± 0.52 ng m-3). The PMF-based analysis revealed five factors, suggesting the importance of primary anthropogenic sources of PAHs, i.e. coal combustion, biomass burning, gasoline/diesel vehicles, industrial and shipping activities as well as natural gas combustion. In summer, PAH levels were mostly controlled by local shipping emissions as well as traffic-related and non-combustion sources such as photochemical decomposition. The winter PAH maxima were attributed to a strong increase in residential coal combustion. A Spearman's rank correlation and multilinear regression analysis showed that ambient temperature and NO× had a significant impact on intra-annual variability in PM10-bound PAH transformation in this region. PAH congeners in coarse-size fraction were positively correlated with SO2, indicating their shared anthropogenic sources. The annual mean of epidemiologically based ILCR value was 6.6 × 10-5. This work indicates a potential carcinogenic risk for the local population and a significant difference in BaPeq levels between the individual seasons in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Siudek
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, Waszyngtona 42, PL-81-342, Gdynia, Poland.
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Wu H, Bao Y, Yan T, Huang H, Jiang P, Zhang Z, Li L, Wu Q. PAH-induced metabolic changes related to inflammation in childhood asthma. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13739-13754. [PMID: 36136199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that PAHs may exert adverse effects on childhood asthma. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate this process in view of metabolic pathways, especially one-carbon metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. Fifty asthmatic children and 50 control subjects were recruited for this study. Serum IgE and IL-17A levels were detected by ELISA. Serum PAH concentrations were measured by GC-MS. One-carbon-related metabolites and tryptophan metabolites were determined by UPLC-Orbitrap-MS. DNA methylation was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing PCR. ChIP assays were used to examine H3K4me3 enrichment on IL-17A gene. Multivariable linear regression was performed to evaluate the association between PAHs and childhood asthma mediated by intermediators. HE staining in lung tissue, IgE and IL-17A in BALF, metabolic profiles in urine, and Ahr, Il-17a, and Cyp1a1 gene expression were determined in PAH-exposed mice. Serum Fla level was associated with childhood asthma (OR = 1.380, 95% CI: 1.063-1.792), and had a great effect on one-carbon metabolites, especially SAH, SAM, and Ser, which exerted significant mediation effects on the relationship between the Fla concentration and asthma. Moreover, we did find significant mediation effects between serum Fla and asthma by LINE-1 DNA methylation and H3K4me3 levels in the IL-17A promoter region. The differential Trp metabolites, such as Trp, tryptamine, IA, IAA, indole, IAld, and IAAld, indicated that asthmatic children had increased indole-AhR pathway. Mediation analysis failed to show a mediator effect of Trp metabolites in the association between PAHs and childhood asthma. An animal study confirmed that PAH exposure increased methylation levels, and altered Trp metabolite-AhR-IL-17A axis, which may be influenced by gender. PAHs disturbed one-carbon metabolism to influence the methyl group refilling DNA methylation and histone methylation, and disturbed tryptophan metabolism to regulate Th17-cell differentiation, which may elevate serum IL-17A concentration in asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuling Bao
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Tongtong Yan
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Luo Z, Shen G, Men Y, Zhang W, Meng W, Zhu W, Meng J, Liu X, Cheng Q, Jiang K, Yun X, Cheng H, Xue T, Shen H, Tao S. Reduced inequality in ambient and household PM 2.5 exposure in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107599. [PMID: 36323065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The society has high concerns on the inequality that people are disproportionately exposed to ambient air pollution, but with more time spent indoors, the disparity in the total exposure considering both indoor and outdoor exposure has not been explored; and with the socioeconomical development and efforts in fighting against air pollution, it is unknown how the exposure inequality changed over time. Based on the city-level panel data, this study revealed the Concentration Index (C) in ambient PM2.5 exposure inequality was positive, indicating the low-income group exposed to lower ambient PM2.5; however, the total PM2.5 exposure was negatively correlated with the income, showing a negative C value. The low-income population exposed to high PM2.5 associated with larger contributions of indoor exposure from the residential emissions. The total PM2.5 exposure caused 1.13 (0.63-1.73) million premature deaths in 2019, with only 14 % were high-income population. The toughest-ever air pollution countermeasures have reduced ambient PM2.5 exposures effectively that, however, benefited the rich population more than the others. The transition to clean household energy sources significantly affected on indoor air quality improvements, as well as alleviation of ambient air pollution, resulting in notable reductions of the total PM2.5 exposure and especially benefiting the low-income groups. The negative C values decreased from 2000 to 2019, indicating a significantly reducing trend in the total PM2.5 exposure inequality over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Luo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yatai Men
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjun Meng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Xinlei Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qin Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Yun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Environmental Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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7
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Chen T, Zou C, Yuan Y, Pan J, Zhang B, Qiao L, Li Y, Qian JY, Guo Q, Yuan Y, Ding C. Indoor air pollution from solid fuel on children pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:24574-24588. [PMID: 35066845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An updated systematic review was conducted to assessing on the association between indoor air pollution caused by household energy consumption and childhood pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries. We performed a meta-analysis from the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, EMBASE. Studies were selected when they reported childhood pneumonia or ALRI in relation to indoor air pollution resulted from solid fuel. Studies must provide results on exposure prevalence of children aged below 5 years from Asia or Africa. We devoted ourselves to identifying randomized controlled experiments and observational epidemiological researches, which revealed the relation between household usage of solid fuel and childhood pneumonia. Among 1954 articles, 276 were reviewed thoroughly and 16 conduced to such a meta-analysis. It was found that there is a significant relationship between the solid fuel combustion and increasing risk of childhood pneumonia (OR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.36-2.02). The summary odds ratios from biomass use and mixed fuel use were, respectively, 1.86 (95%CI 1.15-3.02) and 1.58 (95%CI 1.38-1.81), with substantial between study heterogeneity (I2 = 87.2% and 29.2%, respectively). According to the subgroup analysis along with the meta-regression analysis, the risk of using solid fuel in Asian regions is higher than that in African regions. Studies based on non-hospital participates (I2 = 49.5%) may also a source of heterogeneity. We found that indoor air pollution generated by the usage of solid fuel might be a significant risk factor for pneumonia in children and suggested improving the indoor air quality by promoting cleaner fuel will be important in undeveloped countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Yancheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, 224001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jiangsu, 224005, China
| | - Jia-Yan Qian
- Nantong Production Quality Supervising & Inspection Institute, Jiangsu, 226005, China
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Cheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, P.O.Box NO.211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Huang Y, Wang H, Guo H, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Hu F, Zhang W, Li C, Wang J. A preliminary study on household air pollution exposure and health-related factors among rural housewives in Gansu province, northwest China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 77:662-673. [PMID: 34748471 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1993775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study monitored the indoor air PAHs and PM2.5 exposure and their seasonal variations, so as to explore the potential health effects of household air pollution (HAP) on rural women's health in northwest China. It was detected that the average indoor PM2.5 and PAHs concentrations in the heating season were both significantly higher than those in the non-heating season (P<0.01). And they were positively correlated with the urinary 1-OHP levels respectively. Then the PAHs and 1-OHP were both significantly correlated with the urinary 8-OHdG levels (P<0.05). By statistical models, household PM2.5 and PAHs were closely related to urinary 1-OHP levels. Similarly, PM2.5, PAHs and 1-OHP all have significant effects with urinary 8-OHdG (P<0.05). Therefore, housewives in rural northwest China were exposed to higher HAP, and it could improve the risk for oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huizhen Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fengjing Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Qin N, Tuerxunbieke A, Wang Q, Chen X, Hou R, Xu X, Liu Y, Xu D, Tao S, Duan X. Key Factors for Improving the Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of PAH Inhalation Exposure by Monte Carlo Simulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111106. [PMID: 34769626 PMCID: PMC8583189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is a computational technique widely used in exposure and risk assessment. However, the result of traditional health risk assessment based on the MCS method has always been questioned due to the uncertainty introduced in parameter estimation and the difficulty in result validation. Herein, data from a large-scale investigation of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure was used to explore the key factors for improving the MCS method. Research participants were selected using a statistical sampling method in a typical PAH polluted city. Atmospheric PAH concentrations from 25 sampling sites in the area were detected by GC-MS and exposure parameters of participants were collected by field measurement. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of participants was calculated based on the measured data and considered to be the actual carcinogenic risk of the population. Predicted risks were evaluated by traditional assessment method based on MCS and three improved models including concentration-adjusted, age-stratified, and correlated-parameter-adjusted Monte Carlo methods. The goodness of fit of the models was evaluated quantitatively by comparing with the actual risk. The results showed that the average risk derived by traditional and age-stratified Monte Carlo simulation was 2.6 times higher, and the standard deviation was 3.7 times higher than the actual values. In contrast, the predicted risks of concentration- and correlated-parameter-adjusted models were in good agreement with the actual ILCR. The results of the comparison suggested that accurate simulation of exposure concentration and adjustment of correlated parameters could greatly improve the MCS. The research also reveals that the social factors related to exposure and potential relationship between variables are important issues affecting risk assessment, which require full consideration in assessment and further study in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (N.Q.); (A.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ayibota Tuerxunbieke
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (N.Q.); (A.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qin Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Beijing 100021, China; (Q.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (N.Q.); (A.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Rong Hou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (N.Q.); (A.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (N.Q.); (A.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunwei Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (N.Q.); (A.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dongqun Xu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Beijing 100021, China; (Q.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (N.Q.); (A.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6233-4308
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Trung NT, Anh HQ, Tue NM, Suzuki G, Takahashi S, Tanabe S, Khai NM, Hong TT, Dau PT, Thuy PC, Tuyen LH. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matter samples from Hanoi, Vietnam: Particle size distribution, aryl hydrocarbon ligand receptor activity, and implication for cancer risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130720. [PMID: 33964743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations and profiles of unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs and Me-PAHs) were analyzed in airborne particulate matter (PM) samples collected from high-traffic roads in Hanoi urban area. Levels of PAHs and Me-PAHs ranged from 210 to 660 (average 420) ng/m3 in total PM, and these pollutants were mainly associated with fine particles (PM2.5) rather than coarser ones (PM > 10 and PM10). Proportions of high-molecular-weight compounds (i.e., 5- and 6-ring) increased with decreasing particle size. Benzo[b+k]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and benzo[ghi]perylene were the most predominant compounds in the PM2.5 samples. In all the samples, Me-PAHs were less abundant than unsubstituted PAHs. The PAH-CALUX assays were applied to evaluate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand activities in crude extracts and different fractions from the PM samples. Benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (BaP-EQs) derived by the PAH-CALUX assays for low polar fractions (mainly PAHs and Me-PAHs) ranged from 300 to 840 ng/m3, which were more consistent with theoretical values derived by using PAH-CALUX relative potencies (270-710 ng/m3) rather than conventional toxic equivalency factor-based values (22-69 ng/m3). Concentrations of PAHs and Me-PAHs highly correlated with bioassay-derived BaP-EQs. AhR-mediated activities of more polar compounds and interaction effects between PAH-related compounds were observed. By using PAH-CALUX BaP-EQs, the ILCR values ranged from 1.0 × 10-4 to 2.8 × 10-4 for adults and from 6.4 × 10-5 to 1.8 × 10-4 for children. Underestimation of cancer risk can be eliminated by using effect-directed method (e.g., PAH-CALUX) rather than chemical-specific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Trung
- Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Quoc Anh
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nguyen Manh Khai
- Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Hong
- Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thi Dau
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Chau Thuy
- Faculty of Environment, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, 12400, Viet Nam
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam.
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