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Zhang X, Lin Y, Lin H, Yan J. Constructed wetlands and hyperaccumulators for the removal of heavy metal and metalloids: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135643. [PMID: 39191019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Water pollutions of heavy metal and metalloids (HMMs), typically including As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, are becoming a severe environmental problem to be controlled. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been intensively investigated and applied for the removal of HMMs. By analyzing a mass of data from the existing literatures, this review found that the HMM removals in CWs varied from 12.35 % to 91.01 %, depending upon the HMM species and CW conditions. Nonetheless, 88.50 % of the influent HMMs were eventually immobilized in the CW sediments, while the common wetland plants are inefficient (i.e., accounting for 4.64 %) to uptake and accumulate the HMMs. It was also found that the concentrations of certain HMMs in the CW sediments have already exceeded up to 100 % of various environmental standards, indicating the urgency of introducing HMM hyperaccumulators in the systems. Through comparison, both the aboveground and belowground HMM accumulating capacities of reported hyperaccumulators were higher by magnitudes than common wetland plants. Following this, the efficacies and mechanisms of candidate hyperaccumulators were provided for the various scenarios of HMM control in CWs. Further, the selection principals, culture methods, and harvest strategies of hyperaccumulator in CWs were discussed. Finally, several perspectives were suggested for the future research. Overall, this review provided guiding information for the utilization of hyperaccumulators in CWs, which can improve the efficiency and sustainability of HMM removal in the CW systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yue Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Hua Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Jun Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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Marques RZ, Oliveira PGD, Barbato ML, Kitamura RSA, Maranho LT, Brito JCM, Nogueira KDS, Juneau P, Gomes MP. Green solutions for antibiotic pollution: Assessing the phytoremediation potential of aquatic macrophytes in wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124376. [PMID: 38897277 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
We compared the ability of one emergent (Sagittaria montevidensis), two floating (Salvinia minima and Lemna gibba), and one heterophyllous species (Myriophyllum aquaticum) to simultaneously remove sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, azithromycin, amoxicillin, and meropenem from wastewater in a mesocosm-scale constructed wetland over 28 days. Antibiotic concentrations in plants and effluent were analyzed using an LC-MS/MS to assess the removal rates and phytoremediation capacities. M. aquaticum did not effectively mitigate contamination due to poor tolerance and survival in effluent conditions. S. minima and L. gibba demonstrated superior efficiency, reducing the antibiotic concentrations to undetectable levels within 14 days, while S. montevidensis achieved this result by day 28. Floating macrophytes emerge as the preferable choice for remediation of antibiotics compared to emergent and heterophyllous species. Antibiotics were detected in plant tissues at concentrations ranging from 0.32 to 29.32 ng g-1 fresh weight, highlighting macrophytes' ability to uptake and accumulate these contaminants. Conversely, non-planted systems exhibited a maximum removal rate of 65%, underscoring the persistence of these molecules in natural environments, even after the entire experimental period. Additionally, macrophytes improved effluent quality regardless of species by reducing total soluble solids and phosphate concentrations and mitigating ecotoxicological effects. This study underscores the potential of using macrophytes in wastewater treatment plants to enhance overall efficiency and prevent environmental contamination by antibiotics, thereby mitigating the harmful impact on biota and antibiotic resistance. Selecting appropriate plant species is crucial for successful phytoremediation in constructed wetlands, and actual implementation is essential to validate their effectiveness and practical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raizza Zorman Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 140, Juvevê, 80035-050, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Marcello Locatelli Barbato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 140, Juvevê, 80035-050, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Shinji Akiyama Kitamura
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leila Teresinha Maranho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Moreira Brito
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Keite da Silva Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Parasitologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Microbiologia Médica, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, GRIL, EcotoQ, TOXEN, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-ville, C.P.8888, H3C 3P8, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 140, Juvevê, 80035-050, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Chang B, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Jin Q, Wang Y. Purification Effect of Water Eutrophication Using the Mosaic System of Submerged-Emerged Plants and Growth Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:560. [PMID: 38498525 PMCID: PMC10891872 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic plants play a crucial role in the sustainable management of eutrophic water bodies, serving as a valuable tool for water purification. However, the effectiveness of using aquatic plants for improving water quality is influenced by landscape considerations. In practical applications, challenges arise concerning low purification efficiency and compromised aesthetic appeal when utilizing plants for water purification. To address these issues, this study aimed to examine the impact of aquatic plants on the purification of simulated landscape water bodies, specifically focusing on the effectiveness of the mosaic system of submerged-emerged plants in remediating eutrophic water bodies. Our findings indicated that individual aquatic plants exhibited limited efficacy in pollutant (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand) removal. However, when combined in appropriate proportions, submerged plants could enhance species growth and improve the purification efficiency of polluted water bodies. Notably, the mosaic system of submerged-emerged plants neither significantly promoted nor inhibited the growth of each other, but it effectively removed pollutants from the simulated water bodies and inhibited turbidity increase. The comprehensive evaluation ranked the purification capacity as Canna indica-submerged plants combination (C + S) > Thalia dealbata-submerged plants combination (T + S) > Iris pseudacorus-submerged plants combination (I + S) > Lythrum salicaria-submerged plants combination (L + S). Both C + S and T + S configurations effectively mitigated the rise of water turbidity and offered appealing landscape benefits, making them viable options for practical applications in urban landscape water bodies. Our study highlights that a submerged-emerged mosaic combination is a means of water purification that combines landscape aesthetics and purification efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoliang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.C.); (Y.X.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Liaoning Shenyang Urban Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qijiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.C.); (Y.X.)
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Yan Y, Oduor AMO, Li F, Xie Y, Liu Y. Opposite effects of nutrient enrichment and an invasive snail on the growth of invasive and native macrophytes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2737. [PMID: 36104847 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many ecosystems are now co-invaded by alien plant and herbivore species. The evolutionary naivety of native plants to alien herbivores can make the plants more susceptible to the detrimental effects of herbivory than co-occurring invasive plants, in accordance with the apparent competition hypothesis. Moreover, the invasional meltdown hypothesis predicts that in multiply invaded ecosystems, invasive species can facilitate each other's impacts on native communities. Although there is growing empirical support for these hypotheses, facilitative interactions between invasive plants and herbivores remain underexplored in aquatic ecosystems. Many freshwater ecosystems are co-invaded by aquatic macrophytes and mollusks and simultaneously experience nutrient enrichment. However, the interactive effects of these ecological processes on native macrophyte communities remain an underexplored area. To test these effects, we performed a freshwater mesocosm experiment in which we grew a synthetic native community of three macrophyte species under two levels of invasion by an alien macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum (invasion vs. no invasion) and fully crossed with two levels of nutrient enrichment (enrichment vs. no enrichment) and herbivory by an invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata (herbivory vs. no herbivory). In line with the invasional meltdown and apparent competition hypotheses, we found that the proportional aboveground biomass yield of the invasive macrophyte, relative to that of the native macrophyte community, was significantly greater in the presence of the invasive herbivore. Evidence of a reciprocal facilitative effect of the invasive macrophyte on the invasive herbivore is provided by results showing that the herbivore produced greater egg biomass in the presence versus in the absence of M. aquaticum. However, nutrient enrichment reduced the mean proportional aboveground biomass yield of the invasive macrophyte. Our results suggested that herbivory by invader P. canaliculata may enhance the invasiveness of M. aquaticum. However, nutrient enrichment of habitats that already harbor M. aquaticum may slow down the invasive spread of the macrophyte. Broadly, our study underscores the significance of considering several factors and their interactions when assessing the impact of invasive species, especially considering that many habitats experience co-invasion by plants and herbivores and simultaneously undergo various other disturbances, including nutrient enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ayub M O Oduor
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Feng Li
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghong Xie
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Cui J, Li J, Cui J, Ruan Y, Liang Y, Wu Y, Chang Y, Liu X, Yao D. Hippuris vulgaris could replace Myriophyllum aquaticum for efficiently removing water phosphorus under low temperature conditions in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117886. [PMID: 37084539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is widely used for the restoration of aquatic environments. However, the phytoremediation effects and mechanisms of special submerged species of native aquatic plants, especially under low-temperature conditions, are not yet clear. In this study, two typical submerged plants, Myriophyllum aquaticum (M. aquaticum; an exotic species) and Hippuris vulgaris (H. vulgaris; a native species), in China were investigated for their phosphorus (P) removal efficiencies (REp) and the related mechanisms of phytophysiology and microorganisms in a low-temperature incubator (10 °C during the day and 2 °C at night). At an initial P level of 0.5 mg L-1, the two plants exhibited similar REp, with the highest values (73.5%-92.1%) observed on days 3-6. After 18 days, the residual P concentration in the water was less than the Grade III limit value (0.2 mg L-1; GB 3838-2002). However, M. aquaticum had a faster REp velocity than H. vulgaris at an initial P level of 3.0 mg L-1, which was attributed to the mechanisms of plant and its interactions with microorganisms. Compared to the control group, the superoxide dismutase activity of H. vulgaris was significantly increased and its catalase activity was decreased, whereas for that of M. aquaticum was the opposite. Micro region X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed that there may be synergic absorption effects between P, S, and K, and antagonistic absorption action between P and Mn in H. vulgaris. In addition, Acinetobacter, Novosphingobium and Pseudomonas were enriched at 3.0 mg L-1 P level with these two plants, but Chlorophyta only accumulated with H. vulgaris, respectively. Overall, the native species, H. vulgaris, could replace the exotic M. aquaticum to efficiently remove P from polluted water at low temperatures. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for submerged plants P removal capabilities, and the protection of local ecosystem diversity at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Yang Ruan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yajun Chang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Dongrui Yao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Zhao B, Sun H, Jiang P, Rizwan M, Zhou M, Zhou X. Study on the treatment of sulfite wastewater by Desulfovibrio. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02895-0. [PMID: 37418179 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
In the wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) process, SO2 is adsorbed by alkaline liquor to produce alkaline wastewater containing sulfate and sulfite. Although the traditional chemical treatment method can achieve a high removal rate, it consumes a large number of chemicals and yields a large number of low-value by-products. The biological treatment process is a greener and more environmentally friendly treatment method. The current work studies microbial flue gas desulfurization directly using sulfite as the electron acceptor in the reduction process. Desulfovibrio were obtained by isolation and purification, and their growth conditions in sulfite wastewater and desulfurization process conditions were investigated by intermittent and continuous experiments. The results of intermittent experiments indicated that the optimal growth conditions of Desulfovibrio were a temperature of 38 °C, a pH value of 8.0, a COD/SO32- of 2 and that the growth of bacteria would be inhibited at a pH above 9.0 or below 7.3. Furthermore, Desulfovibrio could grow in simulated wastewater with a high SO32- concentration of 8000 mg/L. The results of continuous experiments showed that the removal of sulfite and the recovery of elemental sulfur was realized by a micro-oxygen depletion process, and the removal rate of sulfite of 99%, the yield of elemental sulfur is more than 80% and can reach 90% under the condition of low influent concentration. The bacteria grew well at a temperature of 40 °C and a pH value of the influent water of 7.5. To ensure the treatment effect, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) should be more than doubled for each 1000 mg/L increase in the influent sulfite concentration under the same reflux ratio. When the influent sulfite concentration was 1000 mg/L, 2000 mg/L, 3000 mg/L, and 4000 mg/L, the corresponding HRT was 3.01 h, 6.94 h, 17.4 h, and 31.9 h, respectively. The dominant species in the reactor was Desulfovibrio bacteria at 63.9% abundance. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using sulfite as an electron acceptor for microbial desulfurization, which can optimize the initial process and provide the possibility of treating high-concentration sulfite wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofu Zhao
- International Joint Research Center of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui Sun
- International Joint Research Center of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- International Joint Research Center of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- International Joint Research Center of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mengke Zhou
- International Joint Research Center of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- International Joint Research Center of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Xiu Y, Han Z, Song A, Miao Y, Shen Z, Zhou Y, Dong J, Liu S, Yang C. Nitrogen removal of decentralized swine wastewater by pilot-scale source reduction - anaerobic baffled reactor - zoning constructed wetlands at low temperatures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 343:118247. [PMID: 37245313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The study developed a cost-effective integrated technology to treat swine wastewater at the pilot-scale small pigsty. The swine wastewater, which was separated rinse water after flowing through the slatted floor and the innovatively constructed liquid-liquid separate collection device, was subsequently pumped into an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and then through zoning constructed wetlands (CWs) comprised of CW1, CW2, and CW3. The liquid-liquid separate collection device effectively reduced COD, NH4-N, and TN by 57.82%, 52.39%, and 50.95%, respectively. The CW1 and CW2 enhanced TN removal and nitrification, respectively, through rapid adsorption-bioregeneration of zeolite. Moreover, rice straws were used as solid carbon sources in CW3 to successfully promote denitrification at 16.0 g/(m3·d). The integrated technology (slatted floor-liquid liquid separate collection-ABR-CWs) reduced COD, NH4-N, and TN by 98.17%, 87.22%, and 87.88%, respectively, at approximately 10 °C. Microbial analysis results confirmed that the CWs exhibited apparent functional zoning, with denitrifiers dominating in CW3, nitrifiers dominating in the zeolite layers of CW1 and CW2, and denitrifiers dominating in the brick slag layers of CWs. This cost-effective integrated technology demonstrated significant potential for treating swine wastewater at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Aihong Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Ying Miao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Yuexi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Jiao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Shan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
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Transcriptomics Insights into Phosphorus Stress Response of Myriophyllum aquaticum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054874. [PMID: 36902302 PMCID: PMC10003231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Through excellent absorption and transformation, the macrophyte Myriophyllum (M.) aquaticum can considerably remove phosphorus from wastewater. The results of changes in growth rate, chlorophyll content, and roots number and length showed that M. aquaticum could cope better with high phosphorus stress compared with low phosphorus stress. Transcriptome and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analyses revealed that, when exposed to phosphorus stresses at various concentrations, the roots were more active than the leaves, with more DEGs regulated. M. aquaticum also showed different gene expression and pathway regulatory patterns when exposed to low phosphorus and high phosphorus stresses. M. aquaticum's capacity to cope with phosphorus stress was maybe due to its improved ability to regulate metabolic pathways such as photosynthesis, oxidative stress reduction, phosphorus metabolism, signal transduction, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, and energy metabolism. In general, M. aquaticum has a complex and interconnected regulatory network that deals efficiently with phosphorus stress to varying degrees. This is the first time that the mechanisms of M. aquaticum in sustaining phosphorus stress have been fully examined at the transcriptome level using high-throughput sequencing analysis, which may indicate the direction of follow-up research and have some guiding value for its future applications.
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Cui J, Cui J, Li J, Wang W, Xu B, Yang J, Li B, Chang Y, Liu X, Yao D. Improving earthworm quality and complex metal removal from water by adding aquatic plant residues to cattle manure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130145. [PMID: 36368070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is an economical and environmentally friendly process. However, related knowledge of vermicomposting aquatic plant residues (APRs), earthworm quality, and mechanisms for metal removal from water is still lacking. Nelumbo and Oenanthe javanica residues and their mixture were treated with Eisenia foetida and cattle manure for 45 days. Compared with the control comprising only cattle manure, addition of the APR mixture improved earthworm quality, mainly for low crude ash, high alkaloid compounds and different fat compositions in the Nelumbo residue and the balanced protein proportion of the APR mixture. All the vermicompost especial O. javanica residue added (VO) played efficient roles in removing metals from water initially containing 2.0 mg Cu L-1 and 8.0 mg Zn L-1. There were higher removal efficiencies (Ers) at the dosage of 4 g L-1 with a small microbial contribution. VO significantly increased Ers, which could be from the decrease of phylum Firmicutes (especial Bacteroides) abundance, stronger CH2, C = O, and CH, the addition of COOH groups, and higher organic matter and total phosphorus contents. The combination of VO and Hippuris vulgaris was optimized as an ecological and economical method for treating complex-metal polluted water. Moreover, our study widened the route for APR reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jianwei Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - John Yang
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science & Cooperative Research, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65201, USA
| | - Bei Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yajun Chang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dongrui Yao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Li J, Wang Y, Cui J, Wang W, Liu X, Chang Y, Yao D, Cui J. Removal effects of aquatic plants on high-concentration phosphorus in wastewater during summer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116434. [PMID: 36352733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plants are widely used in depth treatment of wastewater; however, the phosphorus (P) removal mechanisms of aquatic plants at high temperatures in summer are not well understood. Eight aquatic plants, including two floating species (Ludwigia peploides and Hydrocharis dubia) and six emergent species (Lythrum salicaria, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Canna indica, Sparganium stoloniferum, Rotala rotundifolia, and Ludwigia ovalis), were treated with five P solutions (3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.5 mg L-1) for 5 weeks in a greenhouse during summer at air temperatures ranging from 25 to 35 °C. H. dubia, L. peploides, L. salicaria, and S. sagittifolia showed high water P removal efficiencies (exceeded 95%). Furthermore, their corresponding residual P concentrations in water were almost lower than the limit value of 0.2 mg L-1 of Grade III in the Chinese Environmental Quality Atandards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). Plants have different water P removal paths. For example, H. dubia enriched more P with water P concentration increasing significantly. As the culture time increased, the water pH fluctuated significantly in the fall, and then H. dubia used the produced H+ enrich P. L. peploides did not enrich P, but proliferated rapidly, to remove P from water by increasing its fresh weight (FW). L. salicaria and S. sagittifolia showed two paths of enrich-P and FW increase. During the growth process of L. salicaria, the stem diameter and leaf length increased with an increase in P concentration in water or plant or both; however, the height and root length of L. peploides were reduced. Moreover, SOD and CAT activities responded to high P concentrations in water or high temperatures or both, which protected against oxidative damage. These findings could offer theoretical foundation and practical guidance for selection of aquatic plant species in depth treatment of wastewater during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yihong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Jianwei Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yajun Chang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Dongrui Yao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Jian Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Cui J, Li J, Cui J, Wang W, Wu Y, Xu B, Chang Y, Liu X, Li H, Yao D. Removal effects of a biomass bottom ash composite on tailwater phosphate and its application in a rural sewage treatment plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152549. [PMID: 34952069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tailwater phosphate from sewage treatment plants and biomass bottom ash (BA) from power plants has become a global concern for the sustainable environmental development and resource management. However, there are large gaps in the understanding of the removal mechanisms and application conditions of BA on tailwater phosphate. In this study, the removal effect and mechanism of BA and its composites were fully discussed using a series of experiments, including adsorption, desorption, characterization, and incubation experiments. It was found that the combination of BA and red soil at a rate of 4:1 (CBA) could remove 92.44% of phosphate from tailwater in 3-10 h. Its adsorption process was well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm adsorption models. The mechanism of phosphate adsorption primarily included ligand exchange, physical adsorption, chemical precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and ion exchange. The CBA could be used as a better substrate for constructed wetlands because it was effective under wide application conditions, which varying pH values (4.0-8.0), initial concentrations of tailwater phosphate (0.5-5.0 mg L-1), and even extreme temperatures (heat and cold). Moreover, Hippuris vulgaris L. was optimized and combined with the CBA to deeply remove 57.45-76.06% of phosphate from a rural sewage treatment plant. The phosphate concentration after treatment could reach below the limit values of the Grade III or IV standard (GB 3838-2002), though the CBA contained and released phosphate. This study can help provide a recycling route for both BA and tailwater phosphate resources, extend the industrial chain of biomass power plants, and improve the surrounding water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianwei Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yajun Chang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hua Li
- Anhui Guozhen Eco-tech Co., Ltd., Fuyang 236072, China
| | - Dongrui Yao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Wang W, Cui J, Li J, Du J, Chang Y, Cui J, Liu X, Fan X, Yao D. Removal effects of different emergent-aquatic-plant groups on Cu, Zn, and Cd compound pollution from simulated swine wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113251. [PMID: 34271356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plants play effective in removing heavy metal (HM) as a prominent factor of bioremediations, however, there are still knowledge gaps in species selection and configuration for high removal efficiency (RE) of compound HM and ornamental value. In this study, seven emergent-aquatic-plant species were configured into seven groups and planted in a simulated swine wastewater (SW) with Cu, Zn, and Cd for 75 days in summer. REs of Cu, Zn, and Cd were 45.06-86.93%, 42.40-87.22%, and 73.85-85.52% at day 75, respectively. Higher REs were observed from day 30-45 for Cu and Zn, whereas days 15-30 for Cd. The synergistic removal of Zn and Cu or Zn and Cd was almost observed (p < 0.05). The configuration of G5 (S. tabernaemontani, I. sibirica, and P. cordata) was generally efficient roles in the removal at day 45, with REs of 85.14%, 87.06%, and 83.56% for Cu, Zn, and Cd, respectively. The dry weight of roots, water NH4+-N, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen acted on heavy-metal removal. During days 45-75, concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cd in G5 were 0.52-0.66, 0.54-0.65, and 0.23-0.33 mg L-1. The former two were below the limits of Grade Ⅱ (1.0 mg L-1) and the latter was above the limits of Grade Ⅴ (0.1 mg L-1; GB3838-2002). Thus, G5 could be optimal for Cu and Zn removal from simulated SW, however, efficient Cd removal is required to ensure efficient SW recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, CAAS / Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China; Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, CAAS / Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China; Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinmeng Du
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yajun Chang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jianwei Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiangyang Fan
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, CAAS / Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Dongrui Yao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
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