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Rodrigues T, Ferreira KC, Isquibola G, Franco DF, Anderson JL, Merib JDO, Lima Gomes PCFD. Investigating a new approach for magnetic ionic liquids: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to pyrolysis gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine flame retardants in sewage sludge samples. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465038. [PMID: 38905945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the analysis of emerging contaminants, often using chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry. However, sample preparation is often required prior to instrumental analysis, and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a viable strategy in this context. DLLME stands out for its ability to reduce sample and solvent volumes. Notably, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) has gained relevance due to the incorporation of paramagnetic components in the chemical structure, thereby eliminating the centrifugation step. A pyrolizer was selected in this work to introduce sample onto the GC column, since the MIL is extremely viscous and incompatible with direct introduction through an autosampler. This study is the first to report the use of a DLLME/MIL technique for sample introduction through a pyrolizer in gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This approach enables the MIL to be compatible with gas chromatography systems, resulting in optimized analytical and instrument performance. The analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants (PBDEs) was focused on the PBDE congeners 28, 47, 99, 100, and 153 in sewage sludge samples. The [P6,6,6,14+]2[MnCl42-] MIL was thoroughly characterized using UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, as well as thermal analysis. In the chromatographic method, a pyrolyzer was used in the sample introduction step (Py-GC-MS), and critical injection settings were optimized using multivariate approaches. Optimized conditions were achieved with a temperature of 220 °C, a pyrolysis time of 0.60 min, and an injection volume of 9.00 μL. DLLME optimization was performed through central compound planning (CCD), and optimized training conditions were achieved with 10.0 mg of MIL, 3.00 μL of acetonitrile (ACN) as dispersive solvent, extraction time of 60 s, and volume of a sample of 8.50 mL. Precision was observed to range from 0.11 % to 12.5 %, with limits of detection (LOD) of 44.4 μg L-1 for PBDE 28, 16.9 μg L-1 for PBDE 47 and PBDE 99, 33.0 μg L-1 for PBDE 100 and 375 μg L-1 for PBDE 153. PBDE 28 was identified and analyzed in the sludge sample at a concentration of 800 μg L-1. The use of MIL in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry enables identification and quantification of PBDEs in sewage sludge samples at concentrations down to the µg L-1 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Rodrigues
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Karen Chibana Ferreira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Isquibola
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Douglas Faza Franco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Josias de Oliveira Merib
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Paulo Clairmont Feitosa de Lima Gomes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil.
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Qadeer A, Mubeen S, Liu M, Bekele TG, Ohoro CR, Adeniji AO, Alraih AM, Ajmal Z, Alshammari AS, Al-Hadeethi Y, Archundia D, Yuan S, Jiang X, Wang S, Li X, Sauvé S. Global environmental and toxicological impacts of polybrominated diphenyl ethers versus organophosphate esters: A comparative analysis and regrettable substitution dilemma. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133543. [PMID: 38262318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the global environment is increasing, which aligns with the decline in the usage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). PBDEs, a category of flame retardants, were banned and classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through the Stockholm Convention due to their toxic and persistent properties. Despite a lack of comprehensive understanding of their ecological and health consequences, OPEs were adopted as replacements for PBDEs. This research aims to offer a comparative assessment of PBDEs and OPEs in various domains, specifically focusing on their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) properties. This study explored physicochemical properties (such as molecular weight, octanol-water partition coefficient, octanol-air partition coefficient, Henry's law constant, and vapor pressures), environmental behaviors, global concentrations in environmental matrices (air, water, and soil), toxicities, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer mechanisms of both groups of compounds. Based on the comparison and analysis of environmental and toxicological data, we evaluate whether OPEs represent another instance of regrettable substitution and global contamination as much as PBDEs. Our findings indicate that the physical and chemical characteristics, environmental behaviors, and global concentrations of PBDEs and OPEs, are similar and overlap in many instances. Notably, OPE concentrations have even surged by orders of several magnitude compared to PBDEs in certain pristine regions like the Arctic and Antarctic, implying long-range transport. In many instances, air and water concentrations of OPEs have been increased than PBDEs. While the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of PBDEs (ranging from 4.8 to 7.5) are slightly elevated compared to OPEs (-0.5 to 5.36) in aquatic environments, both groups of compounds exhibit BAF values beyond the threshold of 5000 L/kg (log10 BAF > 3.7). Similarly, the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for PBDEs (ranging from 0.39 to 4.44) slightly surpass those for OPEs (ranging from 1.06 to 3.5) in all cases. Metabolic biotransformation rates (LogKM) and hydrophobicity are potentially major factors deciding their trophic magnification potential. However, many compounds of PBDEs and OPEs show TMF values higher than 1, indicating biomagnification potential. Collectively, all data suggest that PBDEs and OPEs have the potential to bioaccumulate and transfer through the food chain. OPEs and PBDEs present a myriad of toxicity endpoints, with notable overlaps encompassing reproductive issues, oxidative stress, developmental defects, liver dysfunction, DNA damage, neurological toxicity, reproductive anomalies, carcinogenic effects, and behavior changes. Based on our investigation and comparative analysis, we conclude that substituting PBDEs with OPEs is regrettable based on PBT properties, underscoring the urgency for policy reforms and effective management strategies. Addressing this predicament before an exacerbation of global contamination is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Sidra Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China; Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Superior University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, 23 East Elm Avenue, Quincy, MA 02170, USA
| | - Chinemerem R Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North, West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Abiodun O Adeniji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho
| | - Alhafez M Alraih
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Mohail Aseer, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ahmad S Alshammari
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yas Al-Hadeethi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denisse Archundia
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - Shengwu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Xixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, 1375 Av. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal H2V 0B3, QC, Canada
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Sun Y, Xu Y, Wu H, Hou J. A critical review on BDE-209: Source, distribution, influencing factors, toxicity, and degradation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108410. [PMID: 38160509 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As the most widely used polybrominated diphenyl ether, BDE-209 is commonly used in polymer-based commercial and household products. Due to its unique physicochemical properties, BDE-209 is ubiquitous in a variety of environmental compartments and can be exposed to organisms in various ways and cause toxic effects. The present review outlines the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of BDE-209 in the environment, influencing factors, toxicity, and degradation. BDE-209 has been detected in various environmental matrices including air, soil, water, and sediment. Additionally, environmental factors such as organic matter, total suspended particulate, hydrodynamic, wind, and temperature affecting BDE-209 are specifically discussed. Toxicity studies suggest BDE-209 may cause systemic toxic effects on living organisms, reproductive toxicity, embryo-fetal toxicity, genetic toxicity, endocrine toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity, or even be carcinogenic. BDE-209 has toxic effects on organisms mainly through epigenetic regulation and induction of oxidative stress. Evidence regarding the degradation of BDE-209, including biodegradation, photodegradation, Fenton degradation, zero-valent iron degradation, chemical oxidative degradation, and microwave radiation degradation is summarized. This review may contribute to assessing the environmental risks of BDE-209 to help develop rational management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haodi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Yang Y, Jin Y, Zhu X, Rao Q, Zhao Z, Yang J. Hepatotoxicity evaluation and possible mechanisms of decabrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-209) in broilers: Oxidative stress, inflammatory, and transcriptomics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115460. [PMID: 37696076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209), a persistent organic pollutant, is linked to a great number of health problems, the most severe of which impact the liver due to its role in the elimination and degradation of exogenous harmful substances. Though the hepatotoxicity of BDE-209 has been observed, its underlying mechanism is yet unknown. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly investigate the hepatotoxicity of BDE-209 and its molecular processes in broilers by subjecting 120 male broilers to varied concentrations of BDE-209 for 42 days. We observed that the bioaccumulation of BDE-209 in the liver in a dose-dependent manner, and that BDE-209 exposure can raise the concentrations of ALT, AST, and GGT, accompanied by hepatocyte fatty degeneration and inflammatory foci. In the hepatic homogenates, oxidative stress was evidenced by elevated levels of MDA and ROS and decreased activies of SOD and CAT. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8 levels were increased, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 level was declined. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed that genes involved in inflammation were considerably dysregulated, and real-time PCR verified the expressed alterations of numerous genes related to the MAPK and WNT signaling pathways. The protein concentrations of NF-κB, β-catenin, and WNT5A, and the phosphorylation levels of JNK and ERK were all dramatically enhanced. The current study indicates that BDE-209 exposure can cause hepatotoxicity in broilers via bioaccumulation and oxidative stress, which then activates the MAPK and WNT signaling pathways, subsequently generating inflammation and hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yuhong Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
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Xue J, Xiao Q, Zhang M, Li D, Wang X. Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13487. [PMID: 37686292 PMCID: PMC10487835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of flame retardants used in plastics, textiles, polyurethane foam, and other materials. They contain two halogenated aromatic rings bonded by an ester bond and are classified according to the number and position of bromine atoms. Due to their widespread use, PBDEs have been detected in soil, air, water, dust, and animal tissues. Besides, PBDEs have been found in various tissues, including liver, kidney, adipose, brain, breast milk and plasma. The continued accumulation of PBDEs has raised concerns about their potential toxicity, including hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity, gut toxicity, thyroid toxicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that there may be various mechanisms contributing to PBDEs toxicity. The present study aimed to outline PBDEs' toxic effects and mechanisms on different organ systems. Given PBDEs' bioaccumulation and adverse impacts on human health and other living organisms, we summarize PBDEs' effects and potential toxicity mechanisms and tend to broaden the horizons to facilitate the design of new prevention strategies for PBDEs-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xue
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
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Zhang Z, Shan J, Shi B, Dong B, Wu Q, Zhang Z. SeNPs alleviates BDE-209-induced intestinal damage by affecting necroptosis, inflammation, intestinal barrier and intestinal flora in layer chickens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115336. [PMID: 37567103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
As environmental pollutants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) can have toxic effects on living organisms and has a bioaccumulative effect. Low doses of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) can exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-toxin functions on the organism. This experiment evaluated SeNPs' ability to prevent chicken's intestinal damage from decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) exposure. Sixty layer chickens were separated into four groups at randomly and equally: Control group, SeNPs group (1 mg/kg SeNPs), BDE-209 group (400 mg/kg BDE-209), and BDE-209 +SeNPs group (400 mg/kg BDE-209 and 1 mg/kg SeNPs), for 42 days. The results showed that BDE-209 increased MDA content, decreased the activities of T-SOD, T-AOC, GSH and iNOS, up-regulated the expression of TNF-α, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL, promoted the production of inflammatory factors, reduced the levels of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin, ZO-1). SeNPs attenuated intestinal oxidative stress, necroptosis, inflammation and intestinal barrier damage caused by BDE-209. This protective effect is associated with the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, SeNPs restores flora alpha and beta diversity, improves intestinal flora composition and its abundance. It shifts the dysbiosis of intestinal flora caused by BDE-209 to normal. Overall, SeNPs can alleviate BDE-209-induced intestinal barrier damage and intestinal flora disorders, which are associated with intestinal oxidative stress, necroptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jianhua Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Bendong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Bowen Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, PR China.
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Sui S, Liu Z. Endocrine disrupting and carcinogenic effects of decabromodiphenyl ether. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1183815. [PMID: 37334308 PMCID: PMC10272517 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1183815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209), an essential industrial flame retardant that is widely used, has recently been reported to be increasing in human serum. Due to the structural similarity between BDE209 and thyroid hormones, its toxic effects on the thyroid are of particular concern. Methods Original articles in the PubMed database were collected using the terms "BDE209", "decabromodiphenyl ether", "endocrine disrupting", "thyroid", "carcinogenesis", "polybrominated diphenyl ethers", "PBDEs," and their synonyms from inception up to October of 2022. Results Of the 748 studies initially identified, 45 were selected, which emphasized the adverse effects of BDE209 on endocrine system. BDE209 may have a toxic effect not only on thyroid function but also on thyroid cancer tumorigenesis at multiple levels, such as by directly interfering with the TR, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, enzyme activity, and methylation. However, it is impossible to draw a definitive conclusion on the exact pathway of thyroid toxicity from BDE209. Conclusions Although the toxic effects of BDE209 on the thyroid have been well investigated, its tumorigenic effects remain unclear and further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaofeng Sui
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ren X, Guan Z, Zhao X, Zhang X, Wen J, Cheng H, Zhang Y, Cheng X, Liu Y, Ning Z, Qu L. Systematic Selection Signature Analysis of Chinese Gamecocks Based on Genomic and Transcriptomic Data. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065868. [PMID: 36982941 PMCID: PMC10059269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection pressures driven by natural causes or human interference are key factors causing genome variants and signatures of selection in specific regions of the genome. Gamecocks were bred for cockfighting, presenting pea-combs, larger body sizes, stronger limbs, and higher levels of aggression than other chickens. In this study, we aimed to explore the genomic differences between Chinese gamecocks and commercial, indigenous, foreign, and cultivated breeds by detecting the regions or sites under natural or artificial selection using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genome-wide selective sweeps based on the genetic differentiation index (FST), and transcriptome analyses. Ten genes were identified using GWAS and FST: gga-mir-6608-1, SOX5, DGKB, ISPD, IGF2BP1, AGMO, MEOX2, GIP, DLG5, and KCNMA1. The ten candidate genes were mainly associated with muscle and skeletal development, glucose metabolism, and the pea-comb phenotype. Enrichment analysis results showed that the differentially expressed genes between the Luxi (LX) gamecock and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chicken were mainly related to muscle development and neuroactive-related pathways. This study will help to understand the genetic basis and evolution of Chinese gamecocks and support the further use of gamecocks as an excellent breeding material from a genetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zi Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiurong Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinye Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junhui Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhonghua Ning
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lujiang Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Rao Q, Liu Z, Yang J, Zhao Z. Toxicokinetics and edible tissues-specific bioaccumulation of decabrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-209) after exposure to the broilers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114324. [PMID: 36434998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), the primary constituent of a widely used flame retardant formulation, is often present in high levels in avian derived products and could be transferred to humans through consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation patterns of BDE-209 in different tissues of broilers, which would benefit the evaluation of chicken product safety. Male broilers received a single oral administration of BDE-209 at 25 mg/kg.BW and then BDE-209 concentrations in the plasma, liver, leg muscle, breast muscle, and other tissues were measured using gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The changes of BDE-209 concentrations in the plasma were fitted to a non-compartmental model for kinetic analysis. Peak values were observed at 24 h (t1/2 =168.28 h), and trace levels remained for four weeks. Additionally, Cmax in the liver was much higher than that in leg and breast muscles, and Tmax from the liver and muscle were 12 and 24 h, respectively. Residual BDE-209 was detected in all broiler tissues after 2 weeks, and concentrations were ranked as follows: fat > liver > thymus gland > heart > testis > thigh muscle > skin > lung > kidney > breast muscles > spleen (wet weight (ww)). Our results suggested that BDE-209 was widely distributed in different tissues after intestinal absorption, and preferentially accumulated in adipose and liver tissues. Observations of bioaccumulation and slow elimination in the liver and muscles provide critical insight into the toxicity of BDE-209 and risk assessment of edible tissues from broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zehui Liu
- Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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Cheng L, Rao Q, Zhang Q, Song W, Guan S, Jiang Z, Wu T, Zhao Z, Song W. The immunotoxicity of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on broiler chicks by transcriptome profiling analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113284. [PMID: 35149409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) has drawn significant attention due to its suppression of immune functions in animals and even humans. In order to explore the mechanism through which BDE-209 affects the immune system, broiler chicks were fed a diet containing various concentrations of BDE-209 (0, 0.004, 0.04, 0.4, and 4 g/kg) for 42 days. Histopathological observations of immune organs found damaged and necrotic lymphocytes in the spleen and bursa, and losses of lymphoid cells in thymic gland. The activities of catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in both the spleen and serum were affected by BDE-209. Obvious bioaccumulation effect was found in spleen tissues (high to 1339 ± 181.9 μg/kg). Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing analyses of the spleen identified 424 upregulated and 301 downregulated DEGs, and the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signal pathway was most significantly enriched based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Quantitative real-time PCR affirmed the decreased expressions of interleukin IL18, IL18R1, IL18RAP, IL21, as well as interferon gamma IFNG and tumor necrosis factor superfamily members TNFSF8, indicating significant interference to immunomodulation function and possible disease progression in inflammatory effects resulting from BDE-209 exposure. The immunotoxicity of BDE-209 may cause the suppression of immune and physiological functions of spleen cells, leading to inflammation and apoptosis and ultimately spleen atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qicai Zhang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Shuhui Guan
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Puer University, Yunnan 665000, China
| | - Tian Wu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Puer University, Yunnan 665000, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China.
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