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Zhao X, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Wang T, Wang Z, Li Z, Zeng Q, Qian Y, Qiu J, Mu X. Developmental effects and lipid disturbances of zebrafish embryos exposed to three newly recognized bisphenol A analogues. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108795. [PMID: 38857550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol G (BPG), bisphenol M (BPM) and bisphenol TMC (BPTMC), are newly recognized analogues of bisphenol A (BPA), which have been detected in multiple environmental media. However, the understanding of their negative impacts on environmental health is limited. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to BPA and the three analogues (0.1, 10, and 1000 μg/L) to identify their developmental toxic effects. According to our results, all of the three analogues induced significant developmental disorders on zebrafish embryos including inhibited yolk sac absorption, altered heart rate, and teratogenic effects. Oil Red O staining indicated lipid accumulation in the yolk sac region of zebrafish after bisphenol analogues exposure, which was consistent with the delayed yolk uptake. Untargeted lipidomic analysis indicated the abundance of triacylglycerols, ceramides and fatty acids was significantly altered by the three analogues. The combined analysis of lipidomics and transcriptomics results indicated BPG and BPM affected lipid metabolism by disrupting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathway and interfering with lipid homeostasis and transport. This partly explained the morphological changes of embryos after bisphenol exposure. In conclusion, our study reveals that BPG, BPM and BPTMC possess acute and developmental toxicity toward zebrafish, and the developmental abnormalities are associated with the disturbances in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiteng Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yecan Pan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancai Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zishuang Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zishu Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiao Zeng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiyan Mu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Nguyen TV, Trang PN, Kumar A. Understanding PFAS toxicity through cell culture metabolomics: Current applications and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108620. [PMID: 38579451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), ubiquitous environmental contaminants, pose significant challenges to ecosystems and human health. While cell cultures have emerged as new approach methodologies (NAMs) in ecotoxicity research, metabolomics is an emerging technique used to characterize the small-molecule metabolites present in cells and to understand their role in various biological processes. Integration of metabolomics with cell cultures, known as cell culture metabolomics, provides a novel and robust tool to unravel the complex molecular responses induced by PFAS exposure. In vitro testing also reduces reliance on animal testing, aligning with ethical and regulatory imperatives. The current review summarizes key findings from recent studies utilizing cell culture metabolomics to investigate PFAS toxicity, highlighting alterations in metabolic pathways, biomarker identification, and the potential linkages between metabolic perturbations. Additionally, the paper discusses different types of cell cultures and metabolomics methods used for studies of environmental contaminants and particularly PFAS. Future perspectives on the combination of metabolomics with other advanced technologies, such as single-cell metabolomics (SCM), imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), extracellular flux analysis (EFA), and multi-omics are also explored, which offers a holistic understanding of environmental contaminants. The synthesis of current knowledge and identification of research gaps provide a foundation for future investigations that aim to elucidate the complexities of PFAS-induced cellular responses and contribute to the development of effective strategies for mitigating their adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao V Nguyen
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Waite Campus, South Australia 5064, Australia; NTT Institute of High Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Phan Nguyen Trang
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho, Viet Nam.
| | - Anu Kumar
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Waite Campus, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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3
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Li H, Gao J, Liu Y, Ding Y, Guo Y, Wang Z, Dong Z, Zhang N. Toxic Effects of Bisphenol AF Exposure on the Reproduction and Liver of Female Marine Medaka ( Oryzias melastigma). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:222. [PMID: 38254391 PMCID: PMC10812438 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bisphenol AF (BPAF) in aquatic environments has drawn attention to its ecological risks. This study aims to investigate the toxic effects of BPAF (188.33 μg/L) exposure for 30 days on female marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). On the 10th and 30th day of exposure, the toxicity was evaluated using histological analysis of the liver and ovaries and the transcription levels of genes related to the antioxidant system, immune system, and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Findings revealed that (1) BPAF exposure caused vacuolation, karyopyknosis and karyolysis in the liver of marine medaka, and the toxic impact augmented with duration; (2) exposure to BPAF for 10 days facilitated the growth and maturation of primary ova, and this exposure had a comparatively inhibitory effect after 30 days; (3) exposure to BPAF resulted in a biphasic regulation of the transcriptional abundance of genes involved in antioxidant and inflammatory response (e.g., il-8, cat), with an initial up-regulation followed by down-regulation. Additionally, it disrupted the transcriptional pattern of HPG axis-related genes (e.g., 3βhsd, arα). In conclusion, 188.33 μg/L BPAF can alter the expression levels of functionally related genes, impair the structural integrity of marine organisms, and pose a threat to their overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichen Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jiahao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yujia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yusong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhongduo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhongdian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
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4
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Dalamaga M, Kounatidis D, Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Karampela I, Psallida S, Papavassiliou AG. The Role of Endocrine Disruptors Bisphenols and Phthalates in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:675. [PMID: 38203845 PMCID: PMC10779569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight constitutes one of the major health challenges for societies and healthcare systems worldwide. Besides the type of diet, calorie intake and the lack of physical exercise, recent data have highlighted a possible association between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A, phthalates and their analogs, and obesity. EDCs represent a heterogeneous group of chemicals that may influence the hormonal regulation of body mass and adipose tissue morphology. Based on the available data from mechanistic, animal and epidemiological studies including meta-analyses, the weight of evidence points towards the contribution of EDCs to the development of obesity, associated disorders and obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction by (1) impacting adipogenesis; (2) modulating epigenetic pathways during development, enhancing susceptibility to obesity; (3) influencing neuroendocrine signals responsible for appetite and satiety; (4) promoting a proinflammatory milieu in adipose tissue and inducing a state of chronic subclinical inflammation; (5) dysregulating gut microbiome and immune homeostasis; and (6) inducing dysfunction in thermogenic adipose tissue. Critical periods of exposure to obesogenic EDCs are the prenatal, neonatal, pubertal and reproductive periods. Interestingly, EDCs even at low doses may promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult obesity in subsequent generations. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on the role of obesogenic EDCs, specifically BPA and phthalate plasticizers, in the development of obesity, taking into account in vitro, animal and epidemiologic studies; discuss mechanisms linking EDCs to obesity; analyze the effects of EDCs on obesity in critical chronic periods of exposure; and present interesting perspectives, challenges and preventive measures in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kounatidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Evangelismos’ General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.G.V.)
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Natalia G. Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Evangelismos’ General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.G.V.)
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, ‘Attikon’ General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sotiria Psallida
- Department of Microbiology, ‘KAT’ General Hospital of Attica, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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5
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Gebru YA, Pang MG. Modulatory effects of bisphenol A on the hepatic immune response. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122430. [PMID: 37611793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a primary line of defense for protection from external substances next to the intestinal barrier. As a result, the hepatic immune system plays a central role in liver pathophysiology. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals and is primarily metabolized in the liver. Due to its ability to bind to estrogen receptors, BPA is well known to possess estrogenic activity and disrupt reproductive functions. The phase I and Phase II metabolism reactions of BPA mainly occur in the liver with the help of enzymes including cytochrome P450 (CYP), uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase-glucuronosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and glutathione-S-transferases. Although the majority of BPA is excreted after conjugation by these enzymes, untransformed BPA induces the production of reactive oxygen species through disruption of the enzymatic complex CYP, lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory injury in the liver. Moreover, it has been proposed to possess a potential immunomodulatory effect. Indeed, several in vivo and in vitro studies have reported that low doses of BPA increase the population of T cells with type 1 T helper (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells. Although the current literature lacks clear evidence on the mechanisms by which BPA is involved in T cell mediated immune responses, recent multi-omics studies suggest that it may directly interact with the antigen processing and presentation pathways. In this review, we first discuss the metabolism of BPA in the liver, before exploring currently available data on its effects on liver injury. Finally, we review its modulatory effects on the hepatic immune response, as well as potential mechanisms. By conducting this review, we aim to improve understanding on the relationship between BPA exposure and immune-related liver injury, with a focus on the antigen processing and presentation pathway and T cell-mediated response in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Asmelash Gebru
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Wang T, Hosseinzadeh M, Cuccagna A, Alakenova R, Casademunt P, Reyes Rovatti A, López-Rubio A, Porte C. Comparative toxicity of conventional versus compostable plastic consumer products: An in-vitro assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132123. [PMID: 37499498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the toxicity of methanolic extracts obtained from compostable plastics (BPs) and conventional plastics (both virgin and recycled). Additionally, it explores the potential influence of plastic photodegradation and composting on toxic responses using a battery of in vitro assays conducted in PLHC-1 cells. The extracts of BPs, but not those of conventional plastics, induced a significant decrease in cell viability (<70%) in PLHC-1 cells after 24 h of exposure. Toxicity was enhanced by either photodegradation or composting of BPs. Extracts of conventional plastics, and particularly those of recycled plastics, induced 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and micronucleus formation in exposed cells, indicating the presence of significant amounts of CYP1A inducers and genotoxic compounds in the extracts, which was enhanced by photodegradation. These findings highlight the importance of investigating the effects of degradation mechanisms such as sunlight and composting on the toxicity of BPs. It is also crucial to investigate the composition of newly developed formulations for BPs, as they may be more harmful than conventional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Mahboubeh Hosseinzadeh
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alice Cuccagna
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Rakhat Alakenova
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Paula Casademunt
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Alcira Reyes Rovatti
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo López-Rubio
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinta Porte
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Vighi M, Borrell A, Sahyoun W, Net S, Aguilar A, Ouddane B, Garcia-Garin O. Concentrations of bisphenols and phthalate esters in the muscle of Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139686. [PMID: 37544523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols (BPs) and phthalate esters (PAEs) are important compounds for the plastics industry, also called "everywhere chemicals" due to their ubiquity in daily use products. Both chemical groups are well-known environmental contaminants, whose presence has been reported in all environmental compartments, and whose effects, mainly associated to endocrine disruption, are detrimental to living organisms. Cetaceans, due to their long life-span, low reproduction rate and high position in the trophic web, are especially vulnerable to the effects of contaminants. However, little is known about BP and PAE concentrations in cetacean tissues, their potential relation to individual biological variables, or their trends over time. Here, the concentration of 10 BPs and 13 PAEs was assessed in the muscle of 30 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded along the Spanish Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean) between 1990 and 2018. Six BP and 6 PAE compounds were detected, of which only 4,4'-(cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)diphenol (BPZ) was detected in all the samples, at the highest concentration (mean 16.06 μg g-1 lipid weight). Sex or reproductive condition were largely uninfluential on concentrations: only dimethylphthalate (DMP) concentrations were significantly higher in immature individuals than in adults, and the overall PAE concentrations were significantly higher in males than in females. Temporal variations were only detected in bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane (BPE), diethylphthalate (DEP) and dimethylphthalate (DMP), whose concentrations were lower, and 9,9-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene (BPFL), which were higher, respectively, in samples taken between 2014 and 2018, probably reflecting shifts in the production and use of these chemicals. These results provide the first assessment of concentrations of several BP and PAE compounds in the muscle of an odontocete cetacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Vighi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology. University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Asunción Borrell
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology. University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wissam Sahyoun
- Université de Lille, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire LASIRE (UMR 8516 CNRS), Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Sopheak Net
- Université de Lille, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire LASIRE (UMR 8516 CNRS), Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Alex Aguilar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology. University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université de Lille, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire LASIRE (UMR 8516 CNRS), Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Odei Garcia-Garin
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology. University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Yuan M, Chen S, Zeng C, Fan Y, Ge W, Chen W. Estrogenic and non-estrogenic effects of bisphenol A and its action mechanism in the zebrafish model: An overview of the past two decades of work. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 176:107976. [PMID: 37236126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most simple and predominant component of the Bisphenol family. BPA is widely present in the environment and the human body as a result of its extensive usage in the plastic and epoxy resins of consumer goods like water bottles, food containers, and tableware. Since the 1930s, when BPA's estrogenic activity was first observed, and it was labeled as a "mimic hormone of E2", studies on the endocrine-disrupting effects of BPA then have been widely conducted. As a top vertebrate model for genetic and developmental studies, the zebrafish has caught tremendous attention in the past two decades. By using the zebrafish, the negative effects of BPA either through estrogenic signaling pathways or non-estrogenic signaling pathways were largely found. In this review, we tried to draw a full picture of the current state of knowledge on the estrogenic and non-estrogenic effects of BPA with their mechanisms of action through the zebrafish model of the past two decades, which may help to fully understand the endocrine-disrupting effects of BPA and its action mechanism, and give a direction for the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chu Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yuqin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Area, School of Life Sciences, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Weiting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Area, School of Life Sciences, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China.
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9
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Wang T, Desmet J, Pérez-Albaladejo E, Porte C. Development of fish liver PLHC-1 spheroids and its applicability to investigate the toxicity of plastic additives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115016. [PMID: 37196525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fish liver cell lines are valuable tools to understand the toxicity of chemicals in aquatic vertebrates. While conventional 2D cell cultures grown in monolayers are well established, they fail to emulate toxic gradients and cellular functions as in in-vivo conditions. To overcome these limitations, this work focuses on the development of Poeciliopsis lucida (PLHC-1) spheroids as a testing platform to evaluate the toxicity of a mixture of plastic additives. The growth of spheroids was monitored over a period of 30 days, and spheroids 2-8 days old and sized between 150 and 250 µm were considered optimal for conducting toxicity tests due to their excellent viability and metabolic activity. Eight-day-old spheroids were selected for lipidomic characterization. Compared to 2D-cells, the lipidome of spheroids was relatively enriched in highly unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingosines (SPBs), sphingomyelins (SMs) and cholesterol esters (CEs). When exposed to a mixture of plastic additives, spheroids were less responsive in terms of decreased cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but were more sensitive than cells growing in monolayers for lipidomic responses. The lipid profile of 3D-spheroids was similar to a liver-like phenotype and it was strongly modulated by exposure to plastic additives. The development of PLHC-1 spheroids represents an important step towards the application of more realistic in-vitro methods in aquatic toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Judith Desmet
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cinta Porte
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA -CSIC-, C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Sun F, Huang Y, Chen H, Huang J, Zhang L, Wei S, Liu F, Chen D, Huang W. BPA and its alternatives BPF and BPAF exaggerate hepatic lipid metabolism disorders in male mice fed a high fat diet. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161521. [PMID: 36632902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alternatives to Bisphenol A (BPA), such as BPF and BPAF, have found increasing industrial applications. However, toxicological research on these BPA analogues remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BPA, BPF, and BPAF exposure on hepatotoxicity in mice fed with high-fat diets (HFD). Male mice were exposed to the bisphenols at a dose of 0.05 mg per kg body weight per day (mg/kg bw/day) for eight consecutive weeks, or 5 mg/kg bw/day for the first week followed by 0.05 mg/kg bw/day for seven weeks under HFD. The low dose (0.05 mg/kg bw/day) was corresponding to the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of BPA and the high dose (5 mg/kg bw/day) was corresponding to its no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Biochemical analysis revealed that exposure to these bisphenols resulted in liver damage. Metabolomics analysis showed disturbances of fatty acid and lipid metabolism in bisphenol-exposed mouse livers. BPF and BPAF exposure reduced lipid accumulation in HFD mouse liver by lowering glyceride and cholesterol levels. Transcriptomics analysis demonstrated that expression levels of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and metabolism were changed, which might be related to the activation of the PPAR signaling pathway. Besides, a feedback regulation mechanism might exist to maintain hepatic metabolic homeostasis. For the first time, this study demonstrated the effects of BPF and BPAF exposure in HFD-mouse liver. Considering the reality of the high prevalence of obesity nowadays and the ubiquitous environmental distribution of bisphenols, this study provides insight and highlights the adverse effects of BPA alternatives, further contributing to the consideration of the safe use of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiang Sun
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hexia Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jialing Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Long Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuchao Wei
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fangyi Liu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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11
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Zhang S, Jiao S, Liu D, Xie C, Dong Y, Zheng K, Liu B, Pang Q. Characterization of the lipidomic profile of clam Meretrix petechialis in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108602. [PMID: 36758655 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a devastating pathogen of clam Meretrix petechialis, which brings about huge economic losses in aquaculture breeding industry. In our previous study, we have found that Vibrio infection is closely associated with lipid metabolism of clams. In this study, an untargeted lipidomics approach was used to explore the lipid profiling changes upon Vibrio infection. The results demonstrated that the hepatopancreas of clams was composed of five lipid categories including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and sterol lipids. And the content of lipid classes altered during Vibrio infection, implying that Vibrio infection altered intracellular lipid homeostasis in clams. Meanwhile, a total of 200 lipid species including 82 up-regulated and 118 down-regulated significantly were identified in response to Vibrio infection, of which ceramide (Cer), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triglyceride (TG) accounted for the largest proportion. Notably, all Cers showed a significantly decreased trend while nearly all TG species were increased significantly during Vibrio infection, which suggested that Cer and TG could be determined as effective biomarkers. Furthermore, these differentially expressed lipid species were enriched in 20 metabolic pathways and sphingolipid metabolism was one of the most enriched pathways. These results evidenced how the lipid metabolism altered in the process of Vibrio infection and opened a new perspective on the response of marine bivalves to pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zhang
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.
| | - Shuang Jiao
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Changjian Xie
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yuling Dong
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.
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12
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Czarny-Krzymińska K, Krawczyk B, Szczukocki D. Bisphenol A and its substitutes in the aquatic environment: Occurrence and toxicity assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137763. [PMID: 36623601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A is classified as a high production volume chemical commonly used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and thermal paper. The endocrine disrupting properties of this xenobiotic have led to the restriction and prohibition of its use in many consumer products. To date, many chemical compounds with a chemical structure similar to bisphenol A have been used in consumer products as its replacement. The ubiquitous occurrence of bisphenol A and its substitutes in the environment and their endocrine activity as well as adverse effects on aquatic organisms is a global concern, especially because many available literature reports show that many substitutes (e.g. bisphenol AF, bisphenol AP, bisphenol B, bisphenol C, bisphenol F, bisphenol G, bisphenol FL, tetrabromobisphenol A) exert adverse effects on aquatic organisms, similar to, or even stronger than bisphenol A. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the production, sources, occurrence and associated toxicity, as well as the endocrine activity of bisphenol A and its substitutes on aquatic species. The environmental levels and ecotoxicological data presented in this review allowed for a preliminary assessment and prediction of the risk of bisphenol A and its substitutes for aquatic organisms. Furthermore, the data collected in this paper highlight that several compounds applied in bisphenol A-free products are not safe alternatives and regulations regarding their use should be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Czarny-Krzymińska
- Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403, Lodz, Tamka 12, Poland.
| | - Barbara Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403, Lodz, Tamka 12, Poland
| | - Dominik Szczukocki
- Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403, Lodz, Tamka 12, Poland
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13
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Kowalczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Wardaszka A, Średnicka P, Wójcicki M, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Application of In Vitro Models for Studying the Mechanisms Underlying the Obesogenic Action of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) as Food Contaminants-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021083. [PMID: 36674599 PMCID: PMC9866663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to the group of environmental contaminants, which can adversely affect human health. A growing body of evidence supports that chronic exposure to EDCs can contribute to a rapid increase in obesity among adults and children, especially in wealthy industrialized countries with a high production of widely used industrial chemicals such as plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), parabens, flame retardants, and pesticides. The main source of human exposure to obesogenic EDCs is through diet, particularly with the consumption of contaminated food such as meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, milk, and dairy products. EDCs can promote obesity by stimulating adipo- and lipogenesis of target cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes, disrupting glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and impacting hormonal appetite/satiety regulation. In vitro models still play an essential role in investigating potential environmental obesogens. The review aimed to provide information on currently available two-dimensional (2D) in vitro animal and human cell models applied for studying the mechanisms of obesogenic action of various industrial chemicals such as food contaminants. The advantages and limitations of in vitro models representing the crucial endocrine tissue (adipose tissue) and organs (liver and pancreas) involved in the etiology of obesity and metabolic diseases, which are applied to evaluate the effects of obesogenic EDCs and their disruption activity, were thoroughly and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Artur Wardaszka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
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14
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Li H, Li H, Wu X, Wu Y, Zhang J, Niu Y, Wu Y, Li J, Zhao Y, Lyu B, Shao B. Human dietary exposure to bisphenol-diglycidyl ethers in China: Comprehensive assessment through a total diet study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107578. [PMID: 36244230 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in various consumer products as protective plasticizer, studies on human dietary exposure to these compounds are scare. In this study, nine bisphenol diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) including BADGE, BFDGE, and seven of their derivatives were determined in the Chinese adult population based on composite dietary samples collected from the sixth (2016-2019) China total diet study (TDS). Contamination level of nine BDGEs was determined in 288 composite dietary samples from 24 provinces in China. BADGE·2H2O and BADGE are the most frequently detected and BADGE·2H2O presented the highest mean concentration (2.402 μg/kg). The most contaminated food composite is meats, with a mean ∑9BDGEs of 8.203 μg/kg, followed by aquatic products (4.255 μg/kg), eggs (4.045 μg/kg), and dairy products (3.256 μg/kg). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of ∑9BDGEs based on the mean and 95th percentile concentrations are 121.27 ng/kg bw/day and 249.71 ng/kg bw/day. Meats, eggs, and aquatic products are the main source of dietary exposure. Notably, beverages and water, alcohols were the main contributors of dietary exposure to BADGE and BADGE·2H2O, followed by animal-derived foods. Dietary exposure assessment demonstrated that human dietary BDGEs do not pose risks to general population based on the mean and 95th percentile hazard index with < 1. This is the first comprehensive national dietary exposure assessment of BDGEs in Chinese general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Heli Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yige Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yumin Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bing Lyu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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15
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Yang R, Duan J, Li H, Sun Y, Shao B, Niu Y. Bisphenol-diglycidyl ethers in paired urine and serum samples from children and adolescents: Partitioning, clearance and exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119351. [PMID: 35489536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), and their derivatives are frequently used in food packaging materials. Some toxicological studies have shown that the endocrine-disrupting activities of these compounds are similar to or higher than those of bisphenol A (BPA), which may also adversely affect the growth and development of children and adolescents. Here, we investigated nine bisphenol-diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) in 181 paired urine and serum samples from children and adolescents from Beijing to determine their partitioning, clearance and exposure levels. The results showed that nine BDGEs were detected in 181 urine and serum samples from children and adolescents from Beijing. Bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·2H2O) was the primary pollutant. The daily intake of ∑BDGEs was 15.217 ng/kg bw/day among children and adolescents in Beijing. The ranking of BDGEs in terms of renal clearance rate (CLrenal) in this study population was BADGE > BADGE·2H2O > BFDGE > bisphenol F bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BFDGE·2HCl) > bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·HCl·H2O). In addition, the serum and urine ratios (S/U ratios) of BFDGE·2HCl, BADGE·2H2O, BFDGE, BADGE, and BADGE·HCl·H2O were higher than 1, indicating that these contaminants have a higher enrichment capacity in human blood. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the partitioning and renal clearance rate of BDGEs in paired urine and serum samples from children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiali Duan
- Office of Health Promotion, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Office of Health Promotion, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Bing Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Yumin Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China.
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