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Yao C, Hao S, Zhang C, Liu L, Jia Y, Meng P, Wu C, Guo X. Modulatory interactions of T-2 and deoxynivalenol mycotoxins on murine femoral development and osteological integrity. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114630. [PMID: 38604577 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a systematic assessment of the effectsof deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 mycotoxins (T-2) on the developmental processes and structural integrity of murine femurs, considering both the isolated and synergistic effects of these toxins. To this end, we divided 72 male mice into nine groups, each subjected to varying dosages of T-2, DON, or their combinations. Over a four-week experimental period, meticulous monitoring was undertaken regarding the mice's body weight, biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption, and the activity of relevant cells. To comprehensively evaluate alterations in bone structure, we employed biomechanical analysis, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and transmission electron microscopy.Our findings unveiled a significant revelation: the mice exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in body weight upon exposure to individual mycotoxins, while the combined use of these toxins manifested an atypical antagonistic effect. Furthermore, we observed variations in the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, as well as adjustments in the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, all intricately linked to the dosage and ratio of the toxins. Alterations in biomechanical properties were also noted to correlate with the dosage and combination of toxins. Analyses via micro-CT and transmission electron microscopy further corroborated the substantial impact of toxin dosage and combinations on both cortical and trabecular bone structures.In summation, our research unequivocally demonstrates the dose- and ratio-dependent detrimental effects of DON and T-2 mycotoxins on the growth and structural integrity of murine femurs. These insights accentuate the importance of a profound understanding of the potential risks these toxins pose to bone health, offering pivotal guidance for future toxicological research and public health preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yao
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China; Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuichu Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Peilin Meng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Lan S, Liang S, Zhang M, Zhang S, Liu Y, Li L, Wei H, Zhang S. Tert-Butylhydroquinone Mitigates T-2-Toxin-Induced Testicular Dysfunction by Targeting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats. TOXICS 2024; 12:335. [PMID: 38787114 PMCID: PMC11125982 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) has emerged as a promising candidate for mitigating the adverse effects of T-2-induced reproductive toxicity. The protective effects of tBHQ on rat sperm quality, testicular injury, apoptosis, and inflammation induced by T-2 toxin exposure were investigated. Histopathological examination of testicular tissues revealed severe damage in the T-2-treated group, characterized by disorganized germ cell arrangement, thinning of the convoluted seminiferous tubule walls, and significant cellular necrosis. However, tBHQ administration, either as a preventive or therapeutic measure, mitigated this structural damage. Image analysis confirmed an increase in the cross-sectional area and height of the convoluted seminiferous tubules in the tBHQ-treated groups compared to the T-2-treated group (p < 0.05), indicating tBHQ's efficacy in alleviating testicular damage. Additionally, tBHQ treatment significantly inhibited T-2-induced apoptosis of testicular tissue cells, as evidenced by the results showing reduced apoptotic cell counts and downregulation of the BAX/BCL2 ratio and caspase-3 expression (p < 0.05). tBHQ significantly increased the concentrations of the antioxidant factors SOD, CAT, TAC, and GSH-PX. Furthermore, tBHQ attenuated the inflammatory response induced by T-2 exposure, as indicated by the decreased mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines Tnf, Il1, and Il10 in testicular tissue (p < 0.05). Additionally, tBHQ treatment alleviated the decline in serum testosterone induced by the T-2 and promoted testosterone synthesis gene expression, including for the genes 17β-HSD and Cyp11a1, in rat testes (p < 0.05). These findings underscore tBHQ's role as a therapeutic agent combatting T-2-induced reproductive toxicity, highlighting its antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Further elucidation of tBHQ's mechanisms of action may offer novel strategies for preventing and treating reproductive disorders induced by environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Shanshan Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuping Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Manyu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yijian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Li Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Hengxi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Shouquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (L.L.)
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3
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Ning C, Xiao W, Liang Z, Wu Y, Fan H, Wang S, Kong X, Wang Y, Wu A, Li Y, Yuan Z, Wu J, Yang C. Melatonin alleviates T-2 toxin-induced oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in piglet spleen and thymus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111653. [PMID: 38354511 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin, an unavoidable contaminant in animal feeds, can induce oxidative stress and damage immune organs. Melatonin (MT), a natural and potent antioxidant, has shown promise as a detoxifier for various mycotoxins. However, the detoxifying effect of MT on T-2 toxin has not been previously reported. In order to investigate the protective effect of MT added to diets on the immune system of T-2 toxin-exposed piglets, twenty piglets weaned at 28d of age were randomly divided into control, T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg), MT (5 mg/kg), and T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg) + MT (5 mg/kg) groups(n = 5 per group). Our results demonstrated that MT mitigated T-2 toxin-induced histoarchitectural alterations in the spleen and thymus, such as hemorrhage, decreased white pulp size in the spleen, and medullary cell sparing in the thymus. Further research revealed that MT promoted the expression of Nrf2 and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD, while reducing the production of the lipid peroxidation product MDA. Moreover, MT inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway, regulated the expression of downstream cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1. MT also suppressed the activation of caspase-3 while down-regulating the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 to reduce apoptosis. Additionally, MT ameliorated the T-2 toxin-induced disorders of immune cells and immune molecules in the blood. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MT may effectively protect the immune system of piglets against T-2 toxin-induced damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in the spleen and thymus. Therefore, MT holds the potential as an antidote for T-2 toxin poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ning
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenguang Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zengenni Liang
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - You Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Aoao Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Wang P, Sun LH, Wang X, Wu Q, Liu A. Effective protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin and corresponding detoxification mechanisms: A narrative review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:251-266. [PMID: 38362519 PMCID: PMC10867609 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is one of the most widespread and toxic fungal toxins in food and feed. It can cause gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is physicochemically stable and does not readily degrade during food and feed processing. Therefore, suppressing T-2 toxin-induced organ toxicity through antidotes is an urgent issue. Protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin have been recorded widely in the literature, but these protective agents and their molecular mechanisms of detoxification have not been comprehensively summarized. In this review, we provide an overview of the various protective agents to T-2 toxin and the molecular mechanisms underlying the detoxification effects. Targeting appropriate targets to antagonize T-2 toxin toxicity is also an important option. This review will provide essential guidance and strategies for the better application and development of T-2 toxin antidotes specific for organ toxicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Lv-hui Sun
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Aimei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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5
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Zhang S, Song W, Hua Z, Du J, Lucena RB, Wang X, Zhang C, Yang X. Overview of T-2 Toxin Enterotoxicity: From Toxic Mechanisms and Detoxification to Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3314-3324. [PMID: 38331717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium species produce a secondary metabolite known as T-2 toxin, which is the primary and most harmful toxin found in type A trichothecenes. T-2 toxin is widely found in food and grain-based animal feed and endangers the health of both humans and animals. T-2 toxin exposure in humans and animals occurs primarily through food administration; therefore, the first organ that T-2 toxin targets is the gut. In this overview, the research progress, toxicity mechanism, and detoxification of the toxin T-2 were reviewed, and future research directions were proposed. T-2 toxin damages the intestinal mucosa and destroys intestinal structure and intestinal barrier function; furthermore, T-2 toxin disrupts the intestinal microbiota, causes intestinal flora disorders, affects normal intestinal metabolic function, and kills intestinal epidermal cells by inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. The primary harmful mechanism of T-2 toxin in the intestine is oxidative stress. Currently, selenium and plant extracts are mainly used to exert antioxidant effects to alleviate the enterotoxicity of T-2 toxin. In future studies, the use of genomic techniques to find upstream signaling molecules associated with T-2 enterotoxin toxicity will provide new ideas for the prevention of this toxicity. The purpose of this paper is to review the progress of research on the intestinal toxicity of T-2 toxin and propose new research directions for the prevention and treatment of T-2 toxin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Wenxi Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zeao Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Ricardo Barbosa Lucena
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia 58397-000, Paraiba Brazil
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, P. R. China
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Li T, Sun W, Zhu S, He C, Chang T, Zhang J, Chen Y. T-2 Toxin-Mediated β-Arrestin-1 O-GlcNAcylation Exacerbates Glomerular Podocyte Injury via Regulating Histone Acetylation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307648. [PMID: 38083975 PMCID: PMC10870076 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin causes renal dysfunction with proteinuria and glomerular podocyte damage. This work explores the role of metabolic disorder/reprogramming-mediated epigenetic modification in the progression of T-2 toxin-stimulated podocyte injury. A metabolomics experiment is performed to assess metabolic responses to T-2 toxin infection in human podocytes. Roles of protein O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) in regulating T-2 toxin-stimulated podocyte injury in mouse and podocyte models are assessed. O-GlcNAc target proteins are recognized by mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Moreover, histone acetylation and autophagy levels are measured. T-2 toxin infection upregulates glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) expression and enhances hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in glomerular podocytes, resulting in a significant increase in β-arrestin-1 O-GlcNAcylation. Decreasing β-arrestin-1 or O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) effectively prevents T-2 toxin-induced renal dysfunction and podocyte injury. Mechanistically, O-GlcNAcylation of β-arrestin-1 stabilizes β-arrestin-1 to activate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as well as to inhibit autophagy during podocyte injury by promoting H4K16 acetylation. To sum up, OGT-mediated β-arrestin-1 O-GlcNAcylation is a vital regulator in the development of T-2 toxin-stimulated podocyte injury via activating the mTOR pathway to suppress autophagy. Targeting β-arrestin-1 or OGT can be a potential therapy for T-2 toxin infection-associated glomerular injury, especially podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushuai Li
- School of Biology and Food EngineeringChangshu Institute of TechnologySuzhou215500P.R. China
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxi214013P.R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi BranchWuxi214013P.R. China
| | - Wenxue Sun
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJining272000P.R. China
- Postdoctoral of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJi'nan250355P.R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJining272000P.R. China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxi214013P.R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi BranchWuxi214013P.R. China
| | - Chengsheng He
- School of Biology and Food EngineeringChangshu Institute of TechnologySuzhou215500P.R. China
| | - Tong Chang
- School of Biology and Food EngineeringChangshu Institute of TechnologySuzhou215500P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Biology and Food EngineeringChangshu Institute of TechnologySuzhou215500P.R. China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxi214013P.R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi BranchWuxi214013P.R. China
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7
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Wang Y, Wang B, Wang P, Hua Z, Zhang S, Wang X, Yang X, Zhang C. Review of neurotoxicity of T-2 toxin. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:85-95. [PMID: 38217761 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a representative trichothecene that is widely detected in corn, wheat and other grain feeds. T-2 toxin has stable physical and chemical properties, making it difficult to remove from food and feed. Hence, T-2 toxin has become an unavoidable pollutant in food for humans and animals. T-2 toxin can enter brain tissue by crossing the blood-brain barrier and leads to congestion, swelling and even apoptosis of neurons. T-2 toxin poisoning can directly lead to clinical symptoms (anti-feeding reaction and decline of learning and memory function in humans and animals). Maternal T-2 toxin exposure also exerted toxic effects on the central nervous system of offspring. Oxidative stress is the core neurotoxicity mechanism underlying T-2 toxin poison. Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial oxidative damage and inflammation are all involved in the neurotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin. Thus, alleviating oxidative stress has become a potential target for relieving the neurotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin. Future efforts should be devoted to revealing the neurotoxic molecular mechanism of T-2 toxin and exploring effective therapeutic drugs to alleviate T-2 toxin-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zeao Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China.
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8
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Yao Z, Tao S, Lai Y, Yu Y, Wang H, Sang J, Yang J, Li H, Li X, Li Y, Ning Y, Ge RS, Li S. The impact of tetrachlorobisphenol A exposure during puberty: Altered Leydig cell development and induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in male mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115895. [PMID: 38159341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), a halogenated flame retardant and endocrine disruptor, has been detected in human urine and serum. While previous research has shown its impact on the reproductive system, investigations into its mechanisms during puberty remain limited. This study aims to explore the effects of TCBPA on Leydig cells in adolescent mice and potential underlying mechanisms. Male C57 mice of age 28 days were gavaged with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day for 28 days. TCBPA did not alter body weight and testis weight but lowered testosterone levels at 100 and 200 mg/kg and reduced sperm count in the epididymis at 200 mg/kg. TCBPA lowered Leydig cell number at 200 mg/kg while it downregulated key Leydig cell gene (Lhcgr, Scarb1, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Hsd3b6, Hsd17b3 and Insl3) as low as 50 mg/kg. Further study indicated that TCBPA induced reactive oxygen species and caused endoplasmic reticulum stress. In vitro study in TM3 mouse Leydig cells showed that TCBPA indeed induced reactive oxygen species and caused endoplasmic reticulum stress at 75 μM and inhibited testosterone production at this concentration and addition of antioxidant tocopherol can reverse it. These discoveries provide new insights and references for a deeper understanding of the toxic mechanisms of TCBPA on Leydig cells during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiang Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Shanhui Tao
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yingji Lai
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jianmin Sang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yangyang Ning
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Shijun Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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9
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He J, Jin H, Guo J, Li K, Jia L, Li Y, Zhang L. T-2 toxin-induced testicular impairment by triggering oxidative stress and ferroptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115844. [PMID: 38134641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin of significant danger to humans and animals. Its impact on reproductive toxicity is attributed to oxidative stress, which ultimately leads to cell death. Ferroptosis is a programmed cell death that characterized by lipid peroxidation. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of T-2 toxin on mouse testis and the potential mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced ferroptosis. T-2 toxin significantly altered the morphology of the testis and decreased testosterone level, sperm concentration, and increased sperm malformation rate, as well as induced oxidative damage with reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde accumulated, and activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase decreased. Additionally, T-2 toxin induced ferroptosis by accumulating iron ions, increasing prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2, downregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 and ferritin heavy chain 1, as well as manifesting ferroptotic morphological alterations, ultimately leading to testicular impairment. Administration of ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 or antioxidant resveratrol effectively mitigated the T-2 toxin-induced ferroptosis and testicular injury. These findings provided novel insights into the fundamental mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced cell death and furnished further proof of the potential therapeutic effect in addressing T-2 toxin-induced testicular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabin Guo
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jia
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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10
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Cao Y, Shan Y, Wang G, Wu Z, Wang H, Wu S, Yin Z, Wei J, Bao W. Integrated of multi-omics and molecular docking reveal PHGDH, PSAT1 and PSPH in the serine synthetic pathway as potential targets of T-2 toxin exposure in pig intestinal tract. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126647. [PMID: 37678681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin (T-2) with a molecular weight of 466.52 g/mol is an inevitable mycotoxin in food products and feeds, posing a significant threat to human and animal health. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxic effects of T-2 exposure on porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of T-2 exposure on IPEC-J2 through the detection of cell viability, cell morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, apoptosis and autophagy. Further transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of IPEC-J2 upon T-2 exposure were performed by using RNA-seq and TMT techniques. A total of 546 differential expressed genes (DEGs) and 269 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected. Among these, 24 common DEGs/DEPs were involved in IPEC-J2 upon T-2 exposure. Interestingly, molecular docking analysis revealed potential interactions between T-2 and three key enzymes (PHGDP, PSAT1, and PSPH) in the serine biosynthesis pathway. Besides, further experimental showed that PSAT1 knockdown exacerbated T-2-induced oxidative damage. Together, our findings indicated that the serine biosynthesis pathway including PHGDP, PSAT1, PSPH genes probably acts critical roles in the regulation of T-2-induced cell damage. This study provided new insights into the global molecular effects of T-2 exposure and identified the serine biosynthesis pathway as molecular targets and potential treatment strategies against T-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiyi Shan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guangzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhengchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Julong Wei
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit 48202, United States
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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11
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Deng X, Yu T, Gao M, Wang J, Sun W, Xu S. Sodium selenite (Na 2SeO 3) attenuates T-2 toxin-induced iron death in LMH cells through the ROS/PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114185. [PMID: 37951346 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin, is a monotrichous mycotoxin commonly found in animal feed and agricultural products that can damage tissues and organs through oxidative stress. Selenium is a trace element with favorable antioxidant effects. However, it is unclear whether T-2 toxin-induces ferroptosis in LMH cells and whether Na2SeO3 has a protective role in this process. To investigate the process of hepatic injury by T-2 toxin and its antagonistic effect by Na2SeO3, we used 20 ng/mL T-2 toxin as well as 160 nmol/L Na2SeO3 to treat the LMH cells. The results demonstrated that exposure to the T-2 toxin induced iron death by increasing the quantity of ROS, leading to oxidative damage, decreasing the quantities of SOD, GPx, and T-AOC, and increasing the accumulation of MDA and H2O2, which resulted in the accumulation of Fe2+ and the down-regulation of the manifestation of linked genes and proteins including FTH1, Gpx4, NQO-1, and HO-1. After the addition of Na2SeO3, the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway is activated by regulating the selenoproteins gene level, and the above abnormal changes are reversed. In summary, Na2SeO3 alleviated T-2 toxin-induced iron death via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. These study not only broaden the cytotoxic knowledge regarding T-2 toxin, but also serve as a foundation for the use of Na2SeO3 in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Tingting Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Meichen Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wenying Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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12
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Gao S, Wang K, Xiong K, Xiao S, Wu C, Zhou M, Li L, Yuan G, Jiang L, Xiong Q, Yang L. Unraveling the Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway in the DF-1 Chicken Fibroblast Cell Line: Insights into T-2 Toxin-Induced Oxidative Stress Regulation. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:627. [PMID: 37999490 PMCID: PMC10674583 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-2 toxin (T2) poses a major threat to the health and productivity of animals. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 derived from broilers against T2-induced oxidative damage. DF-1 cells, including those with normal characteristics, as well as those overexpressing or with a knockout of specific components, were exposed to a 24 h treatment of 50 nM T2. The primary objective was to evaluate the indicators associated with oxidative stress and the expression of downstream antioxidant factors regulated by the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, at both the mRNA and protein levels. The findings of this study demonstrated a noteworthy relationship between the up-regulation of the Nrf2 protein and a considerable reduction in the oxidative stress levels within DF-1 cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this up-regulation was associated with a notable increase in the mRNA and protein levels of antioxidant factors downstream of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway (p < 0.05). Conversely, the down-regulation of the Nrf2 protein was linked to a marked elevation in oxidative stress levels in DF-1 cells (p < 0.05). Additionally, this down-regulation resulted in a significant decrease in both the mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant factors (p < 0.05). This experiment lays a theoretical foundation for investigating the detrimental impacts of T2 on broiler chickens. It also establishes a research framework for employing the Nrf2 protein in broiler chicken production and breeding. Moreover, it introduces novel insights for the prospective management of oxidative stress-related ailments in the livestock and poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lingchen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China; (S.G.); (K.W.); (K.X.); (S.X.); (C.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (G.Y.); (L.J.); (Q.X.)
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13
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Lee WY, Park HJ. T-2 mycotoxin Induces male germ cell apoptosis by ROS-mediated JNK/p38 MAPK pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115323. [PMID: 37541021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
T-2 mycotoxin, a type A trichothecene toxin that, specifically, causes male and female reproductive toxicity. We evaluated T-2 toxin toxicity in testes from neonatal testes after in vitro tissue cultured. Additionally, current study focuses on the molecular mechanism of toxicity and germ cell damage in GC-1 spermatogonial cells. Mouse testicular fragments were subjected to T-2 toxin (0-20 nM) during days 5 of in vitro culture. Testicular germ cell number were reduced and downregulated the expression of corresponding markers depending on the exposure concentration of T-2 toxin; however, Sertoli cell markers and steroidogenic enzyme expression increased when treated with 20 nM T-2 toxin. The cell viability decreased, apoptosis increased, and pro-apoptotic protein expression increased in 5-20 nM T-2 toxin-exposed spermatogonia. Moreover, T-2 toxin generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating that activation of p38 MAPK signaling triggered by ROS is involved in the apoptotic molecular mechanism of T-2 toxin. T-2 toxin induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, c-Jun, JNK/SAPK, p38, and p53, and the subsequent inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. The upregulation of genes related to apoptosis and MAPK/JNK signaling was consistently observed in cells exposed to T-2 toxin. These results indicate that T-2 toxin triggers apoptotic cell death in germ cells through the triggering of ROS-mediated JNK/p38-MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonbuk 54874, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, South Korea.
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14
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Rachitha P, Krupashree K, Jayashree GV, Raghavendra VB, Pal A, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Shanmuganathan R, Karuppusamy I, Brindhadevi K. T-2 toxin induces dermal inflammation and toxicity in mice: The healing potential of menthol. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115838. [PMID: 37024032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, T-2 is one of the most harmful food-toxic chemicals, penetrates intact skin. The current study examined the protective benefits of menthol topical treatment on T-2 toxin-induced cutaneous toxicity in mice. Lesions were observed on the skin of the T-2 toxin-treated groups at 72 and 120 h. The T-2 toxin (2.97 mg/kg/bw)-treated group developed skin lesions, skin inflammation, erythema, and necrosis of skin tissue in contrast to the control group. Our findings reveal that topical application of 0.25% and 0.5% MN treated groups resulted in no erythema or inflammation, and normal skin was observed with growing hairs. The 0.5% MN administered group demonstrated an 80% blister and erythema healing effect in in vitro tests. In addition, MN dose-dependently suppressed ROS and lipid peroxidation mediated by the T-2 toxin up to 120%. Histology discoveries and the immunoblotting investigations with the downregulation of i-NOS gene expression confirmed the validity of menthol activity. Further molecular docking experiments of menthol against the i-NOS protein demonstrated stable binding efficacy with conventional hydrogen bond interactions, indicating compelling evidence of menthol's anti-inflammatory effects on the T-2 toxin-induced skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttasiddaiah Rachitha
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddarthanagar, Mysuru, 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - K Krupashree
- Biochemistry Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - G V Jayashree
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddarthanagar, Mysuru, 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay B Raghavendra
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddarthanagar, Mysuru, 570011, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Indira Karuppusamy
- Research Center for Strategic Materials, Corrosion Resistant Steel Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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15
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Diawara M, Arsenault A, Charette SA, Martin LJ. The transcription factors Creb1 and Cebpb regulate Sox9 promoter activity in TM4 Sertoli cells. Gene 2023; 873:147477. [PMID: 37172798 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In Sertoli cells, the Sox9 gene is essential for testicular development and normal spermatogenesis. SOX9 is critical for postnatal Sertoli cells differentiation and proliferation in the testis. However, the molecular mechanisms that specifically regulate its expression are not entirely understood. Sox9 expression is regulated by CREB1 and CEBPB in other biological contexts such as during chondrogenesis and in rat thyroid follicular cells. We hypothesized that Sox9 promoter activity is regulated by CREB1 and CEBPB in Sertoli cells. Our results show that Sox9 expression is dependent on the activation of these transcription factors by the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in TM4 Sertoli cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter/reporter luciferase assays with 5' promoter deletions and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that CREB1 is being recruited to a DNA regulatory element at -141 bp of the Sox9 promoter region. Such regulation is dependent on the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, resulting in phosphorylation of CREB1. Activation of Sox9 expression by CEBPB may involve its recruitment to the proximal promoter region by protein-protein interaction with CREB1. Thus, we have shown that the Sox9 promoter is being regulated by the transcription factors CREB1 and CEBPB in TM4 Sertoli cells and involve their recruitment to the proximal promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariama Diawara
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Aurélie Arsenault
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Sabrina Ayoub Charette
- Department of Nutritional Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, M5S 1A8; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada.
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16
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Al-Zahrani MH, Balgoon MJ, El-Sawi NM, Alshubaily FA, Jambi EJ, Khojah SM, Baljoon RS, Alkhattabi NA, Baz LA, Alharbi AA, Ahmed AM, Abo elkhair AM, Ismael M, Gebril SM. A biochemical, theoretical and immunohistochemical study comparing the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin and taurine on T-2 toxin induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1172403. [PMID: 37214337 PMCID: PMC10192634 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1172403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Foodborne trichothecene T-2 Toxin, is a highly toxic metabolite produced by Fusarium species contaminating animal and human food, causing multiple organ failure and health hazards. T-2 toxins induce hepatotoxicity via oxidative stress causing hepatocytes cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. In this study, curcumin and taurine were investigated and compared as antioxidants against T-2-provoked hepatotoxicity. Methods: Wistar rats were administrated T-2 toxin sublethal oral dose (0.1 mg/kg) for 2 months, followed by curcumin (80 mg/kg) and taurine (50 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. Biochemical assessment of liver enzymes, lipid profiles, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), AFU, TNF-α, total glutathione, molecular docking, histological and immunohistochemical markers for anti-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), double-strand DNA damage (H2AX), regeneration (KI67) and apoptosis (Active caspase3) were done. Results and Discussion: Compared to T-2 toxin, curcumin and taurine treatment significantly ameliorated hepatoxicity as; hemoglobin, hematocrit and glutathione, hepatic glycogen, and KI-67 immune-reactive hepatocytes were significantly increased. Although, liver enzymes, inflammation, fibrosis, TGFβ1 immunoexpressing and H2AX and active caspase 3 positive hepatocytes were significantly decreased. Noteworthy, curcumin's therapeutic effect was superior to taurine by histomorphometry parameters. Furthermore, molecular docking of the structural influence of curcumin and taurine on the DNA sequence showed curcumin's higher binding affinity than taurine. Conclusion: Both curcumin and taurine ameliorated T-2 induced hepatotoxicity as strong antioxidative agents with more effectiveness for curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam H. Al-Zahrani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha J. Balgoon
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagwa M. El-Sawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Fawzia A. Alshubaily
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtihaj J. Jambi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohair M. Khojah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nuha A. Alkhattabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina A. Baz
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A. Alharbi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ayat M. Abo elkhair
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ismael
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Sahar M. Gebril
- Histology and Cell biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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17
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Wei X, Zeng Y, Meng F, Wang T, Wang H, Yuan Y, Li D, Zhao Y. Calycosin-7-glucoside promotes mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting thioredoxin 1 to regulate oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 374:110411. [PMID: 36812960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin1 (TRX1) is a key protein that regulates redox and is considered to be a key target for cancer therapy. Flavonoids have been proven to have good antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study aimed to investigate whether the flavonoid calycosin-7-glucoside (CG) exerts an anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) role by targeting TRX1. Different doses of CG were used to treat HCC cell lines Huh-7 and HepG2 to calculate the IC50. On this basis, the effects of low, medium and high doses of CG on cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress and TRX1 expression of HCC cells were investigated in vitro. Also, HepG2 xenograft mice were used to evaluate the role of CG on HCC growth in vivo. The binding mode of CG and TRX1 was explored by molecular docking. Then si-TRX1 was used to further discover the effects of TRX1 on CG inhibition of HCC. Results found that CG dose-dependent decreased the proliferation activity of Huh-7 and HepG2 cells, induced apoptosis, significantly activated oxidative stress and inhibited TRX1 expression. In vivo experiments also showed that CG dose-dependent regulated oxidative stress and TRX1 expression, and promoted the expression of apoptotic proteins to inhibit HCC growth. Molecular docking confirmed that CG had a good binding effect with TRX1. Intervention with TRX1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells, promoted apoptosis, and further promoted the effect of CG on the activity of HCC cells. In addition, CG significantly increased ROS production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, regulated the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3, and activated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. And si-TRX1 enhanced the effects of CG on mitochondrial function and apoptosis of HCC, suggesting that TRX1 participated in the inhibitory effect of CG on mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of HCC. In conclusion, CG exerts anti-HCC activity by targeting TRX1 to regulate oxidative stress and promote mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wei
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China.
| | - Yanping Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tingpu Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Hebin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Yijun Yuan
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
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18
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Yang X, Song W, Zhang K, Wang Y, Chen F, Chen Y, Huang T, Jiang Y, Wang X, Zhang C. p38 mediates T-2 toxin-induced Leydig cell testosterone synthesis disorder. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114695. [PMID: 36857919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is an unavoidable food and feed contaminant that seriously threatens human and animal health. Exposure to T-2 toxin can cause testosterone synthesis disorder in male animals, but the molecular mechanism is still not completely clear. The MAPK pathway participates in the regulation of testosterone synthesis by Leydig cells, but it is unclear whether the MAPK pathway participates in T-2 toxin-induced testosterone synthesis disorders. In this research, testosterone synthesis capacity, testosterone synthase expression and MAPK pathway activation were examined in male mice and TM3 cells exposed to T-2 toxin. The results showed that T-2 toxin exposure decreased testicular volume and caused pathological changes in the microstructure and ultrastructure of testicular Leydig cells. T-2 toxin exposure also decreased testicular testosterone content and the protein expression of testosterone synthase. In vitro, T-2 toxin inhibited cell viability and decreased the expression of testosterone synthase in TM3 cells, and it decreased the testosterone contents in cell culture supernatants. Moreover, T-2 toxin activated the MAPK pathway by increasing the expression of p38, JNK and ERK as well as the expression of p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK in testis and TM3 cells. The p38 molecular inhibitor (SB203580) significantly alleviated the T-2 toxin-induced decrease in testosterone synthase expression in TM3 cells and the T-2 toxin-induced reduction in testosterone content in TM3 cell culture supernatants. In summary, p38 mediates T-2 toxin-induced Leydig cell testosterone synthesis disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Wenxi Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Kefei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Youshuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yunhe Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Tingyu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yibao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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19
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Liu X, Xi H, Han S, Zhang H, Hu J. Zearalenone induces oxidative stress and autophagy in goat Sertoli cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114571. [PMID: 36708663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), one of the non-steroidal estrogen mycotoxin, can cause male reproductive damage and genotoxicity in mammals. Testicular oxidative injury is an important factor causing male sterility. Testicular Sertoli cells are essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. At present, the mechanism of oxidative injury in dairy goat Sertoli cells after exposure to ZEA remains unclear. This study explored the effects of ZEA on oxidative stress and autophagy in dairy goat Sertoli cells. It was found that treatment of primary Sertoli cells with 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L ZEA for 24 h can promote ROS production, decrease cell viability, antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial membrane potential, induce caspase-dependent cell apoptosis and autophagy activity. ZEA-induced autophagy was confirmed by LC3-I/LC3-II transformation. More importantly, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment can remarkably inhibit ZEA-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in Sertoli cells by eliminating ROS. In conclusion, this study indicates that ZEA induces oxidative stress and autophagy in dairy goat Sertoli cells by promoting ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming Xi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiqi Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
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20
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You L, Nepovimova E, Valko M, Wu Q, Kuca K. Mycotoxins and cellular senescence: the impact of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and immunosuppression. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:393-404. [PMID: 36434400 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins induce oxidative stress, hypoxia, and cause immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, emerging evidence show that mycotoxins have a potential of inducing cellular senescence, which are involved in their immunomodulatory effects. Mycotoxins upregulate the expression of senescence markers γ-H2AX, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, p53, p16, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) inflammatory factors. Moreover, mycotoxins cause senescence-associated cell cycle arrest by diminishing cyclin D1 and Cdk4 pathways, as well as increasing the expression of p53, p21, and CDK6. Mycotoxins may induce cellular senescence by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress. In addition, hypoxia acts as a double-edged sword on cell senescence; it could both act as the stress-induced senescence and also hinder the onset of cellular senescence. The SASP inflammatory factors have the ability to induce an immunosuppressive environment, while mycotoxins directly cause immunosuppression. Therefore, there is a potential relationship between mycotoxins and cellular senescence that synergistically cause immunosuppression. However, most of the current studies have involved the effect of mycotoxins on cell cycle arrest, but only limited in-depth research has been carried out to link the occurrence of this condition (cell cycle arrest) with cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, 401520, China
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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T-2 toxin inhibits osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization involving mutual regulation between Wnt signaling pathway and autophagy. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110266. [PMID: 36402210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are most frequent contaminants in environment and agricultural production globally. The T-2 toxin of Fusarium species is the most toxic type of A trichothecene mycotoxins. T-2 toxin can accumulate in bone and cause bone development disorders. Osteoblast is the functional cell responsible for bone formation. Whereas, the mechanism of T-2 toxin toxicity on osteoblast remains unknown. In present study, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 0, 2, 4, and 8 nM T-2 toxin for 24h to explore the effect of T-2 toxin on the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Subsequently, autophagy and Wnt intervention agents were used to explore the roles of autophagy and Wnt signaling pathway in T-2 toxin-induced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization disorders, respectively. The results showed that 2 nM of T-2 toxin had no significant effect on cell vitality, but 4 and 8 nM of T-2 significantly inhibited cell viability. All doses of T-2 toxin inhibited both osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin red S staining, and protein expressions of osteogenic proteins. In addition, the activation of Wnt signaling pathway mitigated T-2 toxin-induced osteoblast impairment, while the inhibition of autophagy exacerbated it. Our results also indicated that there was a positive feedback loop between the Wnt signaling pathway and autophagy.
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22
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Xi H, Hu Z, Han S, Liu X, Wang L, Hu J. FSH-inhibited autophagy protects against oxidative stress in goat Sertoli cells through p62-Nrf2 pathway. Theriogenology 2023; 195:103-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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NGF regulates sertoli cell growth and prevents LPS-induced junction protein damage via PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling. Theriogenology 2023; 195:138-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Zhang C, Zhang KF, Chen FJ, Chen YH, Yang X, Cai ZH, Jiang YB, Wang XB, Zhang GP, Wang FY. Deoxynivalenol triggers porcine intestinal tight junction disorder: Insights from mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114291. [PMID: 36395652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is universally detected trichothecene in most cereal commodities, which is considered as a major hazardous material for human and animal health. Intestine is the most vulnerable organ with higher concentration of DON than other organs, owing to the first defense barrier function to exogenous substances. However, the underling mechanisms about DON-induced intestinal toxicity remain poorly understood. Here, DON poisoning models of IPEC-J2 cells was established to explore adverse effect and the potential mechanism of DON-induced enterotoxicity. Results showed that DON exposure destroyed IPEC-J2 cells morphology. Results showed that DON exposure destroyed IPEC-J2 cells morphology. Intestinal epithelial barrier injury was caused by DON with increasing LDH release, decreasing cell viability as well decreasing tight junction protein expressions (Occludin, N-Cad, ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Claudin-3). Moreover, DON caused mitochondrial dysfunction by opening mitochondrial permeability transition pore and eliminating mitochondrial membrane potential. DON exposure upregulated protein and mRNA expression of mitochondrial fission factors (Drp1, Fis1, MIEF1 and MFF) and mitophagy factors (PINK1, Parkin and LC3), downregulated mitochondrial fusion factors (Mfn1, Mfn2, except OPA1), resulting in mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and mitophagy. Overall, these findings suggested that DON induced tight junction dysfunction in IPEC-J2 cells was related to mitochondrial dynamics-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ke-Fei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng-Juan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yun-He Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zi-Hui Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Bao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Bing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gai-Ping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fang-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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25
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Yang X, Liu P, Cui Y, Song M, Zhang X, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Li Y. T-2 Toxin Caused Mice Testicular Inflammation Injury via ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14043-14051. [PMID: 36260425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin treatment causes male reproduction system dysfunction, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this research, male Kunming mice and TM4 cells were treated with varying concentrations of the T-2 toxin for evaluating the adverse effect of T-2 toxin on male reproductive function. MCC950 or NAC was used to block NLRP3 inflammasome activation and eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the TM4 cell, respectively. The results showed that: (1) T-2 toxin caused testicular atrophy, destroyed the microstructure and ultrastructure of the testis, and caused sperm deformities; (2) T-2 toxin increased the content and gene expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased the IL-10 content and gene expression, causing testis and TM4 cell inflammatory injury; (3) T-2 toxin activated NLRP3 inflammasome in the testis and TM4 cells and caused ROS accumulation in the testis; (4) suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation using 20 nM MCC950 alleviated the TM4 cell inflammatory damage caused via the T-2 toxin; nevertheless, 20 nM MCC950 did not reduce ROS accumulation in TM4 cells; and (5) NAC relieved the inflammatory damage in TM4 cells by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Taken together, T-2 toxin caused testicular inflammation injury through ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, resulting in male reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Pengli Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yibao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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26
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FeMOF-based nanostructured platforms for T-2 toxin detection in beer by a “fence-type” aptasensing principle. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7999-8008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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27
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Huang X, Huang Z, Sun L, Qiu M, Deng Q, Fang Z, Wang Y. Protective mechanisms of three antioxidants against T-2 toxin-induced muscle protein deterioration in shrimp. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4883-4891. [PMID: 35244220 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin (Q), tea polyphenols (TP), and rutin (R) are widely used plant-derived active ingredients. They possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, and can reduce the muscle damage caused by mycotoxins. However, few studies have examined the protective mechanisms of quercetin, tea polyphenols, and rutin on muscle quality. To elucidate their protective mechanisms, shrimp were exposed to both T-2 toxin and these three antioxidants for 20 days in a dose-escalating trial. The changes in the protein composition of shrimp muscle were measured. The target proteins associated with T-2 and antioxidants were screened and identified by non-labeled quantitative proteomics. RESULTS The T-2 toxin induced abnormal expression of 21 target proteins, leading to the deterioration of muscle proteins in shrimp. The three antioxidants ameliorated the T-2 toxin-induced damage to muscle proteins by increasing the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein content and decreasing the alkali-soluble protein content. Quercetin had the strongest protective effect. The protective processes of these antioxidants involved the upregulation of target proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (enolase, malate dehydrogenase), protein translation (elongation factor 1-alpha and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha), and cytoskeleton component (actin 2, fast-type skeletal muscle actin 1). Quercetin regulated the largest number of target proteins, making it the best protective agent against T-2 toxin. CONCLUSION The T-2 toxin (4.80-24.30 mg/kg feed) induced changes in target proteins and muscle composition of shrimp, leading to a deterioration in muscle proteins. Quercetin (2.00-32.00 g/kg feed) had significant protective effects against this deterioration in muscle protein in shrimp. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhanrui Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mei Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
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Dai C, Das Gupta S, Wang Z, Jiang H, Velkov T, Shen J. T-2 toxin and its cardiotoxicity: New insights on the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113262. [PMID: 35792220 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is one of the most toxic and common trichothecene mycotoxins, and can cause various cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge-base and challenges as it relates to T-2 toxin related cardiotoxicity. The molecular mechanisms and potential treatment approaches were also discussed. Pathologically, T-2 toxin-induced cardiac toxicity is characterized by cell injury and death in cardiomyocyte, increased capillary permeability, necrosis of cardiomyocyte, hemorrhage, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the heart. T-2 toxin exposure can cause cardiac fibrosis and finally lead to cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, T-2 toxin exposure-induced cardiac damage involves the production of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling pathway, endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/smad family member 2/3 (Smad2/3) signaling pathway, and autophagy and inflammatory responses. Antioxidant supplementation (e.g., catalase, vitamin C, and selenium), induction of autophagy (e.g., rapamycin), blockade of inflammatory signaling (e.g., methylprednisolone) or treatment with PPAR-γ agonists (e.g., pioglitazone) may provide protective effects against these detrimental cardiac effects caused by T-2 toxin. We believe that our review provides new insights in understanding T-2 toxin exposure-induced cardiotoxicity and fuels effective prevention and treatment strategies against this important food-borne toxin-induced health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Subhajit Das Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75230, USA
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
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29
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Cytotoxicity of Mycotoxins and Their Combinations on Different Cell Lines: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040244. [PMID: 35448853 PMCID: PMC9031280 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of molds and mainly produced by species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. They can be synthesized on the field, during harvest as well as during storage. They are fairly stable compounds and difficult to remove. Among several hundreds of mycotoxins, according to the WHO, ochratoxin A, aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, patulin, fumonisins as well as T-2 and HT-2 toxins deserve special attention. Cytotoxicity is one of the most important adverse properties of mycotoxins and is generally assessed via the MTT assay, the neutral red assay, the LDH assay, the CCK-8 assay and the ATP test in different cell lines. The apoptotic cell ratio is mainly assessed via flow cytometry. Aside from the assessment of the toxicity of individual mycotoxins, it is important to determine the cytotoxicity of mycotoxin combinations. Such combinations often exhibit stronger cytotoxicity than individual mycotoxins. The cytotoxicity of different mycotoxins often depends on the cell line used in the experiment and is frequently time- and dose-dependent. A major drawback of assessing mycotoxin cytotoxicity in cell lines is the lack of interaction typical for complex organisms (for example, immune responses).
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