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do Nascimento WC, Ramo LB, da Silva FF, C U Araujo M, I E de Andrade S, Bichinho KM. One-step microwave-assisted synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots for determination of ascorbic acid and riboflavin in vitamin supplements. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124669. [PMID: 38909560 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using chemical precursors with different organic groups is a strategy to improve optical properties and expand applications in several fields of research such as Analytical Chemistry. Ascorbic acid and riboflavin are widely used in human food supplementation, making quality monitoring of these vitamin supplements relevant and necessary. In this work, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic, sodium thiosulfate and urea were applied to obtain CQDs through a single-step microwave-assisted synthesis. The CQDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited satisfactory and stable optical properties with luminescence at 430 nm, water solubility, and fluorescence quantum yield of 8.9 %. They were applied in the quantification of ascorbic acid and riboflavin in vitamin supplements. The fluorescence mechanisms observed were dynamic quenching for the CQDs/Cr(VI) sensor, followed by a return of fluorescence in the presence of ascorbic acid, and static quenching and inner filter effect in the interaction with riboflavin. Factorial designs 23 and 24 were used to optimize the analytical parameters. The CQDs/Cr(VI) sensor used in the determination of ascorbic acid, employing an on-off-on strategy, resulted in a linear range of 0.5 to 50 µg mL-1 and a limit of detection of 0.15 µg mL-1. The ratiometric fluorescence used in the determination of riboflavin resulted in a linear range of 0.1 to 7 µg mL-1 and a limit of detection of 0.09 µg mL-1. The analytical results for ascorbic acid were compared to the reference method of the Brazilian pharmacopeia, showing accuracy and precision according to the Brazilian Health Regulation Agency. Therefore, the synthesized CQDs were used to determine ascorbic acid and riboflavin in vitamin supplements, and the application of this nanomaterial can be expanded to different analytes and matrices, using simple and low-cost analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallis C do Nascimento
- Universidade Federal Da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Da Natureza, Departamento de Química, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Luciano B Ramo
- Universidade Federal Da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Da Natureza, Departamento de Química, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Fausthon F da Silva
- Universidade Federal Da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Da Natureza, Departamento de Química, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Mario C U Araujo
- Universidade Federal Da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Da Natureza, Departamento de Química, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Stéfani I E de Andrade
- Universidade Federal Da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Da Natureza, Departamento de Química, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Kátia M Bichinho
- Universidade Federal Da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Da Natureza, Departamento de Química, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
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Zhou Y, Chen G, Ma C, Yang T, Li L, Gu J, Zhu C, Hu A, Li X, Guan W, Zhang W. Carbon quantum dots as a turn-on fluorescent probe for the sensitive detection of Cd 2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124453. [PMID: 38749201 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In this study, fluorescent carbon dots were synthesized for the first time using ammonium citrate and glutamic acid as precursors via a one-pot hydrothermal method. The synthesized carbon dots emit blue fluorescence at 436 nm (excited at 320 nm) and demonstrate excellent photobleaching resistance and fluorescence stability in high salt environments. Within the range of 1-25 μM, the fluorescence of CDs gradually increases with the increasing concentration of Cd2+, reaching a limit of detection as low as 13 nM. This phenomenon could be ascribed to the chelation-enhanced fluorescence, a result of Cd2+ forming complexes with the abundant surface functional groups such as CN-, -COOH, -OH, -NH2 in CDs. Furthermore, this turn-on fluorescent probe has been successfully used for the detection of Cd2+ in tap water and lake water, providing an efficient and sensitive method for the analysis of environmental metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Taiqun Yang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiao Gu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Anqi Hu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weinan Guan
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
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Li Z, Dong Y, Li X, Li D, Dong J, Wang P, Chen S, Geng H. Detection of sulphur(II) of carbon dots synthesized from Gardenia residue. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4409-4414. [PMID: 38904209 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00909f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The detection of anions using carbon dots (CDs) has received less attention compared to cations. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a fluorescence sensor based on carbon dots (CDs) capable of detecting S2- in real water samples. The CDs were successfully prepared from the residues of a traditional Chinese herb, Gardenia, which emitted green photoluminescence (PL) under ultraviolet light irradiation. The as-prepared CDs were quasi-spherical in shape and ranged in size from 10 to 30 nm. Different detailed analyses proved that the CDs had good morphology, various functional groups, high water solubility, great optical features, and excellent stability under diverse environmental conditions. The ion detection showed that only Ag+ had the strongest fluorescence quenching effect on the CDs, however, the addition of S2- could recover their fluorescence. Based on these results, an "off-on" fluorescence sensor was achieved to selectively detect the concentration of S2- in real water samples with a limit of detection (LOD) of 39 μM, which further expanded the application of residues from traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Yuchuan Dong
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Dongchun Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jia Dong
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Panchen Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shuwei Chen
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Huiling Geng
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
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Zhou P, Hong Y, Fan R, Wang H, Wang X, Mei H. Integration of Myrica rubra-based N-doped carbon dots with Fe 3S 4 as excellent peroxidase mimics for colorimetric assay and smartphone-based intelligent sensing of p-aminophenol in waters. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:416. [PMID: 38913162 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
To realize the reutilization of waste Myrica rubra in the analytical field, we synthesized Myrica rubra-based N-doped carbon dots (MN-CDs) and further anchored them onto the surface of Fe3S4 to fabricate Fe3S4@MN-CD nanocomposites. The as-fabricated nanocomposites possessed higher peroxidase-mimetic activity than its two precursors, resulting from the synergistic effect between them, and could catalyze colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into deep blue oxTMB with a strong 652-nm absorption. Under optimized conditions (initial solution pH, 3.5; incubation temperature, 35 ℃; Fe3S4@MN-CD concentration, 50 µg mL-1, and 652-nm absorption), Fe3S4@MN-CDs were employed for colorimetric assay of p-aminophenol (p-AP) with wide linear range (LR, 2.9-100 µM), low detection limit (LOD, 0.87 µM), and satisfactory recoveries (86.3-105%) in environmental waters. Encouragingly, this colorimetric assay provided the relative accuracy of 97.0-99.4% as compared with conventional HPLC-UV detection. A portable smartphone-based colorimetric application was developed by combining the Fe3S4@MN-CD-based visually chromogenic reaction with a "Thing Identify" APP software. Besides, we engineered an image-capturing device feasible for field use, in which the internal-compact sealing prevented external light source from entering photography chamber, thereby reducing light interference, and also the bottom light source enhanced the intensity of blue imaging. This colorimetric platform exhibited satisfactory LR (1-500 µM), low LOD (0.3 µM), and fortification recoveries (86.6-99.6%). In the chromogenic reaction catalyzed by Fe3S4@MN-CDs, ·O2- played a key role in concomitant with the participation of •OH and h+. Both the colorimetric assay and smartphone-based intelligent sensing show great promising in on-site monitoring of p-AP under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, College of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yangluchen Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, College of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ru Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, College of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - He Mei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, College of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Sushma, Sharma S, Ghosh KS. Applications of Functionalized Carbon-Based Quantum Dots in Fluorescence Sensing of Iron(III). J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03611-1. [PMID: 38411860 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Iron, an essential trace element exhibits detrimental effects on human health when present at higher or lower concentration than the required. Therefore, there is a pressing demand for sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ in water, food etc. Unfortunately, in several instances, the traditional approaches suffer from a number of shortcomings like complicated procedures, limited sensitivity, poor selectivity and more expensive and time consuming. The scope of optical tuning and excellent photophysical properties of carbon- based nanomaterials like carbon dots (C-dots) and graphene dots (g-dots) have made them promising optical sensors of metal ions. Moreover, high surface area, superior stability of such materials contributes towards the fruitful development of sensors. The present review offered critical information on the fabrication and fluorimetric applications of these functional nanomaterials for sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+. An in-depth discussion on fluorescent C-dots made from naturally occurring materials and chemical techniques were presented. Effect of doping in C-dots was also highlighted in terms of improved fluorescence response and selectivity. In a similar approach g-dots were also discussed. Many of these sensors exhibited great selectivity, superior sensitivity, high quantum yield, robust chemical and photochemical stability and real-time applicability. Further improvement in these factors can be targeted to develop new sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, H.P. 177005, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, H.P. 177005, India
| | - Kalyan Sundar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, H.P. 177005, India.
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Kayani KF, Abdullah CN. A Dual-Mode Detection Sensor Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots for Visual Detection of Fe(III) and Ascorbic Acid via a Smartphone. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03604-0. [PMID: 38300485 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Accurately and promptly detecting Fe3+ and ascorbic acid (AA) is a crucial objective. In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method with 6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridine lactate as the precursor. The introduction of Fe3+ and AA resulted in both fluorescence (FL) quenching and enhancement of the synthesized N-CDs. The fluorescent response of the N-CDs probe to Fe3+ was observed in the concentration range of 5-20 µM and 25-50 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 290 nM. Remarkably, the fluorescence of the N-CDs was recovered upon the addition of AA to the N-CDs-Fe3+ system. Using the "off-on" fluorescent N-CDs probe, a linear range of 40-90 µM was achieved with an LOD of 0.69 µM. Additionally, the feasibility of employing a smartphone equipped with an RGB Color Picker was demonstrated for the analysis of Fe3+ and AA concentrations, providing a novel visual detection method. Furthermore, the application of N-CDs in solution demonstrated considerable potential for visually detecting Fe3+ and AA. The proposed dual-mode detection sensor was found to be simple, efficient, and stable, enabling the successful determination of Fe3+ and AA in practical samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawan F Kayani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qliasan Street, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, 46002, Iraq.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University, Peshawa Street, Chamchamal, Sulaimani City, 46023, Iraq.
| | - Chalak Najat Abdullah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qliasan Street, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, 46002, Iraq
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7
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Li R, Qi X, Wu F, Liu C, Huang X, Bai T, Xing S. Development of a fluorometric and colorimetric dual-mode sensing platform for acid phosphatase assay based on Fe 3+ functionalized CuInS 2/ZnS quantum dots. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342121. [PMID: 38182392 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spectral dual-mode response towards analyte has been attracted much attention, benefiting from the higher detection accuracy of such strategy in comparison to single signal readout. However, the currently reported dual-mode sensors for acid phosphatase (ACP) activity are still limited, and most of them more or less exist some deficiencies, such as complicated construction procedure, high-cost, poor biocompatibility, aggregation-caused quenching and limited emission capacity. RESULTS Herein, we employed Fe3+ functionalized CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots (CIS/ZnS QDs) as nanosensor to develop a novel fluorometric and colorimetric dual-mode assay for ACP activity, combing with ACP-triggered hydrolysis of ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) into ascorbic acid (AA). The Fe3+ binding to CIS/ZnS QDs can be reduced into Fe2+ during the determination, resulting in the dramatically weakened photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect and the disappearance of competition absorption. Thus, a highly sensitive ACP assay in the range of 0.22-12.5 U L-1 through fluorescence "turn-on" mode has been achieved with a detection of limit (LOD) of 0.064 U L-1. Meanwhile, the ACP activity can also be quantified by spectrophotometry based on the chromogenic reaction of the formed Fe2+ with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen). Moreover, the designed nanosensor with good biocompatibility was successfully applied to image and monitor the ACP levels in living cells. SIGNIFICANCE We believe that the proposed method has remarkable advantages and potential application for ACP assay in terms of the high accuracy, simplicity, low cost, as well as its adequate sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Li
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Fengyao Wu
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Cong Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Tianyu Bai
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Shanghua Xing
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China.
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Li C, Liu L, Zhang D. Aggregation enhanced emissive orange carbon dots for information encryption and detection of Fe 3+ and tetracycline. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123504. [PMID: 37866262 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, N-doped fluorescent carbon dots with aggregation enhanced emission (N-CDs) were synthesized by a simple and rapid microwave-assisted method using o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and urea as raw materials and water as solvent. The fluorescence quantum yield of N-CDs was 20.64 %. N-CDs can be applied as invisible inks for message encryption. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of N-CDs can be quenched by Fe3+ and enhanced by tetracycline (TC). Therefore, two fluorescent probes were simultaneously designed in this study. Namely, "turn-off" fluorescence probe for Fe3+ and "turn-on" fluorescence probe for TC. The linear detection range of Fe3+ is from 1 to 70 μM, and detection limit is 0.1011 μM; the linear detection range of TC is from 0.1 to 10 μM, and the detection limit can be as low as 0.0555 μM. In this paper, the mutual interference between Fe3+ and TC was investigated for the first time. The detection of Fe3+ and TC was made more accurate by optimizing pH conditions and adding masking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecular Chemistry - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Daohan Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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Pansari P, Durga G, Sharma R. Carbon nanoprobe derived from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flower: Unveiling the surface defect-derived fluorescence. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123119. [PMID: 37478708 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Dual Emissive (green and blue) Carbon dots (C-Dots) aka g-CD and b-CD were synthesized using flowers of Nyctanthes arbortristis as the sole precursor via hydrothermal method without the aid of any external passivating agent. In the present report, the effect of time and temperature on the hydrothermal reaction was evaluated in order to modulate the surface defects that could lead to dual emissions. To gauge the nature, size, morphology, and optoelectronic characteristics, the C-Dots were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence studies of both the Carbon Dots revealed their excitation-dependent emission characteristics with the bathochromic shift. Furthermore, both g-CD and b-CD could effectively be utilized as efficient fluorescent probes for the selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+. These fluorescent nanoprobes could selectively detect Fe3+ over a wide range of concentrations (3 µM to 100 µM) with limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.06 µM and 0.70 µM respectively. These tuneable Carbon Dots having wider solubilities would open a new avenue as Nanosensors for real-time applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pansari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India
| | - Geeta Durga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India.
| | - Roopali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India
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Korram J, Koyande P, Mehetre S, Sawant SN. Biomass-Derived Carbon Dots as Nanoprobes for Smartphone-Paper-Based Assay of Iron and Bioimaging Application. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31410-31418. [PMID: 37663469 PMCID: PMC10468929 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A facile one-step carbonization approach is reported herein for the sustainable hydrothermal synthesis of fluorescent blue nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) using banana petioles obtained as biomass waste. These NCQDs were used to design a "turn-off" fluorescent probe, which exhibited excellent sensing capability toward the selective detection of micronutrient, Fe3+ ion, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.21 nM. The turn-off process involves the formation of a nonradiative charge transfer complex via a photoinduced electron transfer process. The sensor showed a linear range from 5 to 200 nM and was used for the estimation of Fe3+ ions in real plant samples. Further, a paper-based assay was developed for the quantitative estimation of Fe3+ with LOD values of 0.47 nM for solution-based assay and 0.94 nM for paper-based assay using a smartphone-based readout for potential on-field applications in precision agriculture. Bioimaging studies on banana leaf cells using NCQDs revealed the selective staining of stomata openings on leaf lamella. Therefore, this work provides a way for the valorization of biomass waste into functional nanomaterials without using any extra chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Korram
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Pallavi Koyande
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sayaji Mehetre
- Nuclear
Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- HomiBhabha
National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shilpa N. Sawant
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- HomiBhabha
National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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Zhou Y, Chen G, Ma C, Gu J, Yang T, Li L, Gao H, Xiong Y, Wu Y, Zhu C, Wu H, Yin W, Hu A, Qiu X, Guan W, Zhang W. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots with bright fluorescence for highly sensitive detection of Fe 3+ in environmental waters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122414. [PMID: 36791662 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized stable nitrogen-doped carbon dots by a simple and economical one-step hydrothermal method using l-cysteine and anhydrous ethylenediamine as precursors. The prepared carbon dots have bright and stable blue light emission near 383 nm and can be used as fluorescent probes to detect the concentration of Fe3+ in environmental waters. It was demonstrated that due to intermolecular electrostatic interaction, a non-fluorescent complex N-CDs/Fe3+ is formed by coordination of Fe3+ with amino and carboxyl functional groups on the surface of carbon dots. Therefore, in combination with internal filtration effect, the fluorescence of carbon dots can be quenched in the presence of Fe3+, and the degree of quenching is linearly related to the concentration of Fe3+. The limit of detection in deionized water was as low as 0.069 μM with R2 of 0.998 and a linear range of 0.3 to 20 μM. In addition, satisfactory recoveries were achieved for the determination of Fe3+ in environmental water samples. The method is reliable, with highly sensitivity and selectivity, and has potential for practical applications in environmental metal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiao Gu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Taiqun Yang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yamin Wu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenzhi Yin
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Anqi Hu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqian Qiu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weinan Guan
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
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12
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Aladesuyi OA, Oluwafemi OS. Synthesis of glutamine-based green emitting carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent nanoprobe for the determination of iron (Fe 3+) in Solanum tuberrosum (potato). Heliyon 2023; 9:e15904. [PMID: 37187900 PMCID: PMC10176077 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we reported the use of N-doped green-emitting carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) as a fluorescent probe for determining of Fe3+ ions in Solanum tuberosum for the first time. The N-CQDs were synthesised through an efficient, one-step, and safe hydrothermal technique using citric acid as the carbon source and glutamine as a novel nitrogen source. The temporal evolution of the optical properties was investigated by varying the synthetic conditions with respect to temperature (160 °C, 180 °C, 200 °C, 220 °C and 240 °C) and citric acid: glutamine precursor ratio (1:1, 1:1.5, l.2,1:3 and 1:4). The N-CQDs was characterised using Fourier-Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) while its stability was evaluated in different media; NaCl, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) and Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), and at different pHs. The N-CQDs displayed green (525 nm) emission and were spherical with an average particle diameter of 3.41 ± 0.76 nm. The FTIR indicated carboxylic, amino, and hydroxyl functional groups. The as-synthesised N-CQDs were stable in NaCl (up to 1 M), RPMI, and PBS without any significant change in its fluorescent intensity. The pH evaluation showed pHs 6 and 7 as the optimum pHs, while the fluorometric analysis showed selectivity towards Fe 3+ in the presence and absence of interfering ions. The detection limit of 1.05 μM was calculated, and the photoluminescence mechanism revealed static quenching. The as-synthesised N-CQDs was used as a fluorescent nanoprobe to determine the amount of Fe3+ in Solanum tuberosum (Potatoes) tubers. The result showed a high level of accuracy (92.13-96.20%) when compared with an established standard analytical procedure with excellent recoveries of 99.23-103.9%. We believe the as-synthesised N-CQDs can be utilised as a reliable and fast fluorescence nanoprobe for the determining of Fe3+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju A. Aladesuyi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oluwatobi S. Oluwafemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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13
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Hao Y, Li R, Liu Y, Zhang X, Geng L, Chen S. The on-off-on Fluorescence Sensor of Hollow Carbon Dots for Detecting Hg 2+ and Ascorbic Acid. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:459-469. [PMID: 36441340 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have excellent fluorescence properties and can be used in many research fields. In this paper, carbon dots were prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis of citric acid and urea, characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), 13C-NMR spectrum, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption and fluorescence spectra, and detected the Hg2+ and ascorbic acid (AA) sequentially. It showed that carbon dots were hollow, spherical particles and less than 10 nm, photoluminescence quantum yield of carbon dots was about 15%. The CDs were selective and sensitive to Hg2+ and AA based on the "on-off-on" fluorescence behavior. The detection limits of CDs for Hg2+ and AA were 0.138 μM and 0.212 μM, respectively. Fluorescence response mechanism of CDs was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Hao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Ronghui Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yanxu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Lina Geng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Shenna Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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14
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Wu X, Xi J, Wei X, Yin C. An ultra-fast UV-electrochemical sensor based on Cu-MOF for highly sensitive and selective detection of ferric ions. Analyst 2023; 148:366-373. [PMID: 36533731 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A 2D Cu-MOF: {[CuL(H2O)]}n (Cu-1, H2L = 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid) was synthesized using the hydrothermal method. Cu-1 showed excellent solvent stability and was used to fabricate a UV ferric ion sensor. An ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) at 14.5 fM was obtained. Furthermore, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a 'turn-off' switch was introduced into the Cu-1 framework to construct another 2D Cu-MOF: {[CuL(DMF)]}n (Cu-2) by a single crystal to single crystal (SCSC) transformation method. Cu-2 lost the ability to recognize ferric ions and the switching effect of Fe3+ recognition was realized. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) were employed to investigate this conversion process and provided a way for explaining the interaction mechanism between Cu-1 and ferric ions. We present an approach for designing and synthesizing MOFs that are suitable for ion sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules, Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Juanli Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xuehong Wei
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules, Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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15
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Jia H, Li Z, Wang F, Lu R, Zhang S, Zhang Z. Facile synthesis of NH2-MIL-53(Al)@RhB as a dual-emitting “on-off-on” probe for the detection of Fe3+ and ascorbic acid. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Green synthesis of carbon dots from elm seeds via hydrothermal method for Fe3+ detection and cell imaging. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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