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Kidman R, McKnight DT, Schwarzkopf L, Nordberg EJ. How turtles keep their cool: Seasonal and diel basking patterns in a tropical turtle. J Therm Biol 2024; 121:103834. [PMID: 38669745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Behavioural thermoregulation by ectotherms is an important mechanism for maintaining body temperatures to optimise physiological performance. Experimental studies suggest that nocturnal basking by Krefft's river turtles (Emydura macquarii krefftii) in the tropics may allow them to avoid high water temperatures, however, this hypothesis has yet to be tested in the field. In this study, we examined the influence of environmental temperature on seasonal and diel patterns of basking in E. m. krefftii in tropical north Queensland, Australia. Wildlife cameras were used to document turtle basking events for seven consecutive days and nights for each month over a year (April 2020-March 2021). Air and water temperatures were recorded simultaneously using temperature loggers. We used a negative binomial mixed effects model to compare mean basking durations (min) occurring among four environmental temperature categories based on population thermal preference (26 °C): 1) air temperature above and water temperature below preferred temperature; 2) air temperature below and water temperature above preferred temperature; 3) air and water temperatures both above preferred temperature; and 4) air and water temperatures both below preferred temperature. Basking behaviour was influenced significantly by the relationship between air and water temperature. During the day, turtles spent significantly less time basking when both air and water temperatures were above their preferred temperatures. Conversely, at night, turtles spent significantly more time basking when water temperatures were warm and air temperatures were cool relative to their preferred temperature. This study adds to the growing body of work indicating pronounced heat avoidance as a thermoregulatory strategy among tropical reptile populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Kidman
- Ecosystem Management, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - Donald T McKnight
- Savanna Field Station, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Lin Schwarzkopf
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Eric J Nordberg
- Ecosystem Management, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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2
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Maresh Nelson SB, Ribic CA, Niemuth ND, Bernath-Plaisted J, Zuckerberg B. Sensitivity of North American grassland birds to weather and climate variability. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14143. [PMID: 37424364 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Grassland birds in North America have declined sharply over the last 60 years, driven by the widespread loss and degradation of grassland habitats. Climate change is occurring more rapidly in grasslands relative to some other ecosystems, and exposure to extreme and novel climate conditions may affect grassland bird ecology and demographics. To determine the potential effects of weather and climate variability on grassland birds, we conducted a systematic review of relationships between temperature and precipitation and demographic responses in grassland bird species of North America. Based on 124 independent studies, we used a vote-counting approach to quantify the frequency and direction of significant effects of weather and climate variability on grassland birds. Grassland birds tended to experience positive and negative effects of higher temperatures and altered precipitation. Moderate, sustained increases in mean temperature and precipitation benefitted some species, but extreme heat, drought, and heavy rainfall often reduced abundance and nest success. These patterns varied among climate regions, temporal scales of temperature and precipitation (<1 or ≥1 month), and taxa. The sensitivity of grassland bird populations to extreme weather and altered climate variability will likely be mediated by regional climates, interaction with other stressors, life-history strategies of various species, and species' tolerances for novel climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Maresh Nelson
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christine A Ribic
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Neal D Niemuth
- Habitat and Population Evaluation Team, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bismarck, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jacy Bernath-Plaisted
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Benjamin Zuckerberg
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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3
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Taff CC, Shipley JR. Inconsistent shifts in warming and temperature variability are linked to reduced avian fitness. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7400. [PMID: 37973809 PMCID: PMC10654519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As the climate has warmed, many birds have advanced their breeding timing. However, as climate change also changes temperature distributions, breeding earlier might increase nestling exposure to either extreme heat or cold. Here, we combine >300,000 breeding records from 24 North American birds with historical temperature data to understand how exposure to extreme temperatures has changed. Average spring temperature increased since 1950 but change in timing of extremes was inconsistent in direction and magnitude; thus, populations could not track both average and extreme temperatures. Relative fitness was reduced following heatwaves and cold snaps in 11 and 16 of 24 species, respectively. Latitudinal variation in sensitivity in three widespread species suggests that vulnerability to extremes at range limits may contribute to range shifts. Our results add to evidence demonstrating that understanding individual sensitivity and its links to population level processes is critical for predicting vulnerability to changing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor C Taff
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University and Biology Department, Colby College, Waterville, ME, 04901, USA.
| | - J Ryan Shipley
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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4
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Martin AK, Sheridan JA. Body size responses to the combined effects of climate and land use changes within an urban framework. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5385-5398. [PMID: 35758068 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in body size can have profound impacts on an organism's life history and ecology with long-lasting effects that span multiple biological scales. Animal body size is influenced by environmental drivers, including climate change and land use change, the two largest current threats to biodiversity. Climate warming has led to smaller body sizes of many species due to impacts on growth (i.e., Bergmann's rule and temperature-size rule). Conversely, urbanization, which serves as a model for investigating the effects of land use changes, has largely been demonstrated to cause size increases, but few studies have examined the combined influences of climate and land use changes on organism size. We present here the background theory on how each of these factors is expected to influence body size, summarize existing evidence of how size has recently been impacted by climate and land use changes, and make several recommendations to guide future research uniting these areas of focus. Given the rapid pace of climate change and urbanization, understanding the combined effects of climate and land use changes on body size is imperative for biodiversity preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Martin
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Johnson NB, Poulin RG, Somers CM. Thermoregulation by bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi): do burrows make life easier on the prairies? CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reptiles living in the grasslands of Western Canada cope with extremely variable environmental temperatures. We studied body temperatures (Tb) and operative environmental temperatures (Te) for bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi Schlegel, 1837) to address uncertainties regarding challenges posed by the thermal environments of northern grasslands, and to evaluate conflicting hypotheses regarding thermoregulatory strategies. Despite potentially extreme surface temperatures (x̄min = 9.3, x̄max = 31.4°C), mammal burrows remained within voluntary limits (15 – 35°C) for 93 % of the active season and created thermal gradients (up to 27.2°C) which may facilitate thermoregulation by creating high thermal heterogeneity. This evidence suggests that grasslands may actually be less challenging for thermoregulation than comparable forests. 57.8 % of the variation in observed Tb (x̄min = 20.1, x̄max = 29.1°C) was explained by 3 simple variables: time of day, day of year, and bare ground Te. Bullsnakes thermoregulated by conforming to Te near their preferred range (21 to 27°C), selecting locations that enabled heating up below this range, and avoiding warmth above this range. Our results support broad hypotheses of reptilian thermoregulation that predict increased thermoregulation when a) environmental temperatures deviate further from preferred ranges and b) costs of thermoregulation are lower due to thermal heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ray G. Poulin
- Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Life Sciences, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - C. M. Somers
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2,
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6
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Mohanty NP, Wagener C, Herrel A, Thaker M. The ecology of sleep in non-avian reptiles. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:505-526. [PMID: 34708504 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom and yet displays considerable variation in its extent and form in the wild. Ecological factors, such as predation, competition, and microclimate, therefore are likely to play a strong role in shaping characteristics of sleep. Despite the potential for ecological factors to influence various aspects of sleep, the ecological context of sleep in non-avian reptiles remains understudied and without systematic direction. In this review, we examine multiple aspects of reptilian sleep, including (i) habitat selection (sleep sites and their spatio-temporal distribution), (ii) individual-level traits, such as behaviour (sleep postures), morphology (limb morphometrics and body colour), and physiology (sleep architecture), as well as (iii) inter-individual interactions (intra- and inter-specific). Throughout, we discuss the evidence of predation, competition, and thermoregulation in influencing sleep traits and the possible evolutionary consequences of these sleep traits for reptile sociality, morphological specialisation, and habitat partitioning. We also review the ways in which sleep ecology interacts with urbanisation, biological invasions, and climate change. Overall, we not only provide a systematic evaluation of the conceptual and taxonomic biases in the existing literature on reptilian sleep, but also use this opportunity to organise the various ecological hypotheses for sleep characteristics. By highlighting the gaps and providing a prospectus of research directions, our review sets the stage for understanding sleep ecology in the natural world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya P Mohanty
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Carla Wagener
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, 7600, South Africa
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, MECADEV UMR7179 CNRS/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - Maria Thaker
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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7
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Neate‐Clegg MHC, Horns JJ, Buchert M, Pope TL, Norvell R, Parrish JR, Howe F, Şekercioğlu ÇH. The effects of climate change and fluctuations on the riparian bird communities of the arid Intermountain West. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. J. Horns
- School of Biological Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - M. Buchert
- Department of City and Metropolitan Planning University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - T. L. Pope
- Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - R. Norvell
- Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - J. R. Parrish
- Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - F. Howe
- College of Natural Resources Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - Ç. H. Şekercioğlu
- School of Biological Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- Faculty of Sciences Koç University Istanbul Turkey
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8
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Pintor AF, Ray N, Longbottom J, Bravo-Vega CA, Yousefi M, Murray KA, Ediriweera DS, Diggle PJ. Addressing the global snakebite crisis with geo-spatial analyses - Recent advances and future direction. Toxicon X 2021; 11:100076. [PMID: 34401744 PMCID: PMC8350508 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2021.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Venomous snakebite is a neglected tropical disease that annually leads to hundreds of thousands of deaths or long-term physical and mental ailments across the developing world. Insufficient data on spatial variation in snakebite risk, incidence, human vulnerability, and accessibility of medical treatment contribute substantially to ineffective on-ground management. There is an urgent need to collect data, fill knowledge gaps and address on-ground management problems. The use of novel, and transdisciplinary approaches that take advantage of recent advances in spatio-temporal models, 'big data', high performance computing, and fine-scale spatial information can add value to snakebite management by strategically improving our understanding and mitigation capacity of snakebite. We review the background and recent advances on the topic of snakebite related geospatial analyses and suggest avenues for priority research that will have practical on-ground applications for snakebite management and mitigation. These include streamlined, targeted data collection on snake distributions, snakebites, envenomings, venom composition, health infrastructure, and antivenom accessibility along with fine-scale models of spatio-temporal variation in snakebite risk and incidence, intraspecific venom variation, and environmental change modifying human exposure. These measures could improve and 'future-proof' antivenom production methods, antivenom distribution and stockpiling systems, and human-wildlife conflict management practices, while simultaneously feeding into research on venom evolution, snake taxonomy, ecology, biogeography, and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F.V. Pintor
- Division of Data, Analytics and Delivery for Impact (DDI), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Nicolas Ray
- GeoHealth Group, Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Longbottom
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos A. Bravo-Vega
- Research Group in Mathematical and Computational Biology (BIOMAC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Kris A. Murray
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, UK
- MRC Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Blvd, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Dileepa S. Ediriweera
- Health Data Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Peter J. Diggle
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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9
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Neate-Clegg MHC, Stanley TR, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Newmark WD. Temperature-associated decreases in demographic rates of Afrotropical bird species over 30 years. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2254-2268. [PMID: 33687129 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropical mountains harbor globally significant levels of biodiversity and endemism. Climate change threatens many tropical montane species, yet little research has assessed the effects of climate change on the demographic rates of tropical species, particularly in the Afrotropics. Here, we report on the demographic rates of 21 Afrotropical bird species over 30 years in montane forests in Tanzania. We used mark-recapture analyses to model rates of population growth, recruitment, and apparent survival as functions of annual mean temperature and annual precipitation. For over one-half of focal species, decreasing population growth rates were associated with increasing temperature. Due to the trend in temperature over time, we substituted a time covariate for the temperature covariate in top-ranked population growth rate models. Temperature was a better explanatory covariate than time for 6 of the 12 species, or 29% of all focal species. Population growth rates were also lower for species found further below their elevational midpoint and for smaller-bodied species. Changes in population growth rates were more closely tied to changes in recruitment than to changes in apparent survival. There were no consistent associations between demographic rates and precipitation. This study demonstrates temperature-associated demographic impacts for 6 (29%) of 21 focal species in an Afrotropical understory bird community and highlights the need to incorporate the impacts of climate change on demographic rates into conservation planning across the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas R Stanley
- Fort Collins Science Center, US Geological Survey, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Çağan H Şekercioğlu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Faculty of Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - William D Newmark
- Natural History Museum of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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10
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Bourne AR, Ridley AR, McKechnie AE, Spottiswoode CN, Cunningham SJ. Dehydration risk is associated with reduced nest attendance and hatching success in a cooperatively breeding bird, the southern pied babbler Turdoides bicolor. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab043. [PMID: 34150211 PMCID: PMC8208672 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High air temperatures have measurable negative impacts on reproduction in wild animal populations, including during incubation in birds. Understanding the mechanisms driving these impacts requires comprehensive knowledge of animal physiology and behaviour under natural conditions. We used a novel combination of a non-invasive doubly labelled water (DLW) technique, nest temperature data and field-based behaviour observations to test effects of temperature, rainfall and group size on physiology and behaviour during incubation in southern pied babblers Turdoides bicolor, a cooperatively breeding passerine endemic to the arid savanna regions of southern Africa. The proportion of time that clutches were incubated declined as air temperatures increased, a behavioural pattern traditionally interpreted as a benefit of ambient incubation. However, we show that (i) clutches had a <50% chance of hatching when exposed to daily maximum air temperatures of >35.3°C; (ii) pied babbler groups incubated their nests almost constantly (99% of daylight hours) except on hot days; (iii) operative temperatures in unattended nests frequently exceeded 40.5°C, above which bird embryos are at risk of death; (iv) pied babblers incubating for long periods of time failed to maintain water balance on hot days; and (v) pied babblers from incubating groups lost mass on hot days. These results suggest that pied babblers might leave their nests during hot periods to lower the risk of dehydration associated with prolonged incubation at high operative temperatures. As mean air temperatures increase and extreme heat events become more frequent under climate change, birds will likely incur ever greater thermoregulatory costs of incubation, leading to compromised nest attendance and increased potential for eggs to overheat, with implications for nest success and, ultimately, population persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Bourne
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Corresponding author: FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Amanda R Ridley
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Andrew E McKechnie
- South African Research Chair in Conservation Physiology, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria 0184, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0002, South Africa
| | - Claire N Spottiswoode
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Susan J Cunningham
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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11
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Weiskopf SR, Rubenstein MA, Crozier LG, Gaichas S, Griffis R, Halofsky JE, Hyde KJW, Morelli TL, Morisette JT, Muñoz RC, Pershing AJ, Peterson DL, Poudel R, Staudinger MD, Sutton-Grier AE, Thompson L, Vose J, Weltzin JF, Whyte KP. Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:137782. [PMID: 32209235 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate change impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services in the U.S. and implications for natural resource management. We draw from the 4th National Climate Assessment to summarize observed and projected changes to ecosystems and biodiversity, explore linkages to important ecosystem services, and discuss associated challenges and opportunities for natural resource management. We find that species are responding to climate change through changes in morphology and behavior, phenology, and geographic range shifts, and these changes are mediated by plastic and evolutionary responses. Responses by species and populations, combined with direct effects of climate change on ecosystems (including more extreme events), are resulting in widespread changes in productivity, species interactions, vulnerability to biological invasions, and other emergent properties. Collectively, these impacts alter the benefits and services that natural ecosystems can provide to society. Although not all impacts are negative, even positive changes can require costly societal adjustments. Natural resource managers need proactive, flexible adaptation strategies that consider historical and future outlooks to minimize costs over the long term. Many organizations are beginning to explore these approaches, but implementation is not yet prevalent or systematic across the nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Weiskopf
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, VA, USA.
| | | | - Lisa G Crozier
- NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Gaichas
- NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Roger Griffis
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jessica E Halofsky
- University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Toni Lyn Morelli
- U.S. Geological Survey Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Morisette
- U.S. Department of the Interior, National Invasive Species Council Secretariat, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Roldan C Muñoz
- NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | | | - David L Peterson
- University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michelle D Staudinger
- U.S. Geological Survey Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ariana E Sutton-Grier
- University of Maryland Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Laura Thompson
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, VA, USA
| | - James Vose
- U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station, Raleigh, NC, USA
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12
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Bourne AR, Cunningham SJ, Spottiswoode CN, Ridley AR. Compensatory Breeding in Years Following Drought in a Desert-Dwelling Cooperative Breeder. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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13
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Duclos TR, DeLuca WV, King DI. Direct and indirect effects of climate on bird abundance along elevation gradients in the Northern Appalachian mountains. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Duclos
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts
| | - William V. DeLuca
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts
| | - David I. King
- Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service Amherst Massachusetts
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14
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Heat seekers: A tropical nocturnal lizard uses behavioral thermoregulation to exploit rare microclimates at night. J Therm Biol 2019; 82:107-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Modeling the Consumers Opinion Influence in Online Social Media in the Case of Eco-friendly Products. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11061796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social influence has a positive impact on the purchase intention for eco-friendly products along with other subjective and objective aspects related to environmental attitude, product attitude, and subjective and objective knowledge. Also, exposure to media has been proven to have a significant positive affect on environmental attitude, with effect on the purchase intention. Several recent studies have shown the importance of consumers’ influence in online social networks, underlying the role played by the online environments over consumers’ attitude. As a result, the current research tries to analyze the influence exerted on consumers’ decision to purchase eco-friendly products by their activity in online social environments. Using a questionnaire, filled-in by 409 respondents, a series of variables have been extracted with regard to the eco-friendly products. An agent-based model has been created, fed with the values of the variables extracted from the questionnaire, and used for simulations. As a result, it has been observed that an increase in online media exposure can have a high positive impact on the eco-friendly product adoption. Depending on the type of product—soft or durable good—different times for the eco-friendly product adoption have been determined relatively to the considered variables. Last, the possible limitations of using an agent-based modeling approach are discussed, along with possible extensions and improvements.
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Diele-Viegas LM, Rocha CFD. Unraveling the influences of climate change in Lepidosauria (Reptilia). J Therm Biol 2018; 78:401-414. [PMID: 30509664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, changes in climate have caused impacts on natural and human systems on all continents and across the oceans and many species have shifted their geographic ranges, seasonal activities, migration patterns, abundances and interactions in response to these changes. Projections of future climate change are uncertain, but the Earth's warming is likely to exceed 4.8 °C by the end of 21th century. The vulnerability of a population, species, group or system due to climate change is a function of impact of the changes on the evaluated system (exposure and sensitivity) and adaptive capacity as a response to this impact, and the relationship between these elements will determine the degree of species vulnerability. Predicting the potential future risks to biodiversity caused by climate change has become an extremely active field of research, and several studies in the last two decades had focused on determining possible impacts of climate change on Lepidosaurians, at a global, regional and local level. Here we conducted a systematic review of published studies in order to seek to what extent the accumulated knowledge currently allow us to identify potential trends or patterns regarding climate change effects on lizards, snakes, amphisbaenians and tuatara. We conducted a literature search among online literature databases/catalogues and recorded 255 studies addressing the influence of climate change on a total of 1918 species among 49 Lepidosaurian's families. The first study addressing this subject is dated 1999. Most of the studies focused on species distribution, followed by thermal biology, reproductive biology, behavior and genetics. We concluded that an integrative approach including most of these characteristics and also bioclimatic and environmental variables, may lead to consistent and truly effective strategies for species conservation, aiming to buffer the climate change effects on this group of reptiles.
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Strine C, Brown A, Barnes C, Major T, Artchawakom T, Hill J, Suwanwaree P. Arboreal Mating Behaviors of the Big-Eyed Green Pit Viper (Trimeresurus macrops) in Northeast Thailand (Reptilia: Viperidae). CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.37.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Strine
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, THAILAND
- Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Nakhon Ratchasima, THAILAND
| | - Andrew Brown
- University of Mississippi, Department of Biological Science, University, MS, USA
- Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Nakhon Ratchasima, THAILAND
| | - Curt Barnes
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, THAILAND
- Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Nakhon Ratchasima, THAILAND
| | - Tom Major
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, WALES, UK
| | | | - Jacques Hill
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biological Science, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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The neurobiology of climate change. Naturwissenschaften 2018; 105:11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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George AD, Connette GM, Thompson FR, Faaborg J. Resource selection by an ectothermic predator in a dynamic thermal landscape. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:9557-9566. [PMID: 29187989 PMCID: PMC5696430 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the effects of global climate change on species interactions has remained difficult because there is a spatiotemporal mismatch between regional climate models and microclimates experienced by organisms. We evaluated resource selection in a predominant ectothermic predator using a modeling approach that permitted us to assess the importance of habitat structure and local real‐time air temperatures within the same modeling framework. We radio‐tracked 53 western ratsnakes (Pantherophis obsoletus) from 2010 to 2013 in central Missouri, USA, at study sites where this species has previously been linked to prey population demographics. We used Bayesian discrete choice models within an information theoretic framework to evaluate the seasonal effects of fine‐scale vegetation structure and thermal conditions on ratsnake resource selection. Ratsnake resource selection was influenced most by canopy cover, canopy cover heterogeneity, understory cover, and air temperature heterogeneity. Ratsnakes generally preferred habitats with greater canopy heterogeneity early in the active season, and greater temperature heterogeneity later in the season. This seasonal shift potentially reflects differences in resource requirements and thermoregulation behavior. Predicted patterns of space use indicate that ratsnakes preferentially selected open habitats in spring and early summer and forest–field edges throughout the active season. Our results show that downscaled temperature models can be used to enhance our understanding of animal resource selection at scales that can be addressed by managers. We suggest that conservation of snakes or their prey in a changing climate will require consideration of fine‐scale interactions between local air temperatures and habitat structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D George
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
| | | | - Frank R Thompson
- U.S.D.A. Forest Service Northern Research Station Columbia MO USA
| | - John Faaborg
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
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Putman BJ, Clark RW. Behavioral thermal tolerances of free-ranging rattlesnakes ( Crotalus oreganus ) during the summer foraging season. J Therm Biol 2017; 65:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mainwaring MC, Barber I, Deeming DC, Pike DA, Roznik EA, Hartley IR. Climate change and nesting behaviour in vertebrates: a review of the ecological threats and potential for adaptive responses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1991-2002. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Mainwaring
- Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YQ U.K
| | - Iain Barber
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology; University of Leicester; Leicester LE1 7RH U.K
| | - Denis C. Deeming
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories; University of Lincoln; Lincoln LN6 7DL U.K
| | - David A. Pike
- Department of Biology; Rhodes College; Memphis TN 38112 U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth A. Roznik
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of South Florida; Tampa FL 33620 U.S.A
| | - Ian R. Hartley
- Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YQ U.K
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