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Chen M, Chen Y, Zhang Q. Assessing global carbon sequestration and bioenergy potential from microalgae cultivation on marginal lands leveraging machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174462. [PMID: 38992374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive study unveils the vast global potential of microalgae as a sustainable bioenergy source, focusing on the utilization of marginal lands and employing advanced machine learning techniques to predict biomass productivity. By identifying approximately 7.37 million square kilometers of marginal lands suitable for microalgae cultivation, this research uncovers the extensive potential of these underutilized areas, particularly within equatorial and low-latitude regions, for microalgae bioenergy development. This approach mitigates the competition for food resources and conserves freshwater supplies. Utilizing cutting-edge machine learning algorithms based on robust datasets from global microalgae cultivation experiments spanning 1994 to 2017, this study integrates essential environmental variables to map out a detailed projection of potential yields across a variety of landscapes. The analysis further delineates the bioenergy and carbon sequestration potential across two effective cultivation methods: Photobioreactors (PBRs), and Open Ponds, with PBRs showcasing exceptional productivity, with a global average daily biomass productivity of 142.81mgL-1d-1, followed by Open Ponds at 122.57mgL-1d-1. Projections based on optimal PBR conditions suggest an annual yield of 99.54 gigatons of microalgae biomass. This yield can be transformed into 64.70 gigatons of biodiesel, equivalent to 58.68 gigatons of traditional diesel, while sequestering 182.16 gigatons of CO2, equating to approximately 4.5 times the global CO2 emissions projected for 2023. Notably, Australia leads in microalgae biomass production, with an annual output of 16.19 gigatons, followed by significant contributions from Kazakhstan, Sudan, Brazil, the United States, and China, showcasing the diverse global potential for microalgae bioenergy across varying ecological and geographical landscapes. Through this rigorous investigation, the study emphasizes the strategic importance of microalgae cultivation in achieving sustainable energy solutions and mitigating climate change, while also acknowledging the scalability challenges and the necessity for significant economic and energy investments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Chen
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, MA, 02138 Cambridge, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139 Cambridge, USA
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Hydrological Bureau of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510145, China
| | - Qingtao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Marine Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China.
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Silambarasan S, Logeswari P, Sivaramakrishnan R, Incharoensakdi A, Cornejo P, Kamaraj B, Chi NTL. Removal of nutrients from domestic wastewater by microalgae coupled to lipid augmentation for biodiesel production and influence of deoiled algal biomass as biofertilizer for Solanum lycopersicum cultivation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129323. [PMID: 33359999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., and their consortium were used for the biorefinery approach. The algal consortium (Chlorella sp. + Scenedesmus sp.) grown well in 75% diluted wastewater, and obtained the highest biomass (1.78 g L-1), chlorophyll (27.03 μg mL-1), protein (175 μg mL-1) and lipid content (34.83% dry cell weight). Algal consortium showed mainly 51.75% of palmitic acid and 35.45% of oleic acid in the lipids. The removal of nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon and total nitrogen in 75% diluted wastewater by algal consortium were 96%, 98%, 95%, 83%, 86% and 94%, respectively. Moreover, deoiled algal biomass (DAB) waste used as a biofertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer resulted in the grater improvement of Solanum lycopersicum shoot length (44%), root length (89%), fresh weight (95%), dry weight (53%), macro and micro-nutrients (N 61%, P 179%, K 71%, Ca 38%, Mg 26% and Fe 11%), and tomato yield (174%) as compared to control treatment. Our results indicate that the use of consortium is not only a potential bioresource for wastewater treatment and biodiesel production but also the DAB waste is an effective biofertilizer for sustainable agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivagnanam Silambarasan
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Peter Logeswari
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile; Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Balu Kamaraj
- Department of Neuroscience Technology, College of Applied Medical Science in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Behera B, Patra S, Balasubramanian P. Biological nutrient recovery from human urine by enriching mixed microalgal consortium for biodiesel production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110111. [PMID: 32090822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of waste resources is necessary to harness the long-term sustainability of algal technology. The study focused on the use of human urine as the basic nutrient source for culturing native microalgal consortium and further optimized the process parameters using response surface methodology. A full factorial, central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three variables: urine concentration (1-10% vol of urine/vol of distil water [%v/v]), pH (6.5-9) and light intensity (50-350 μmolphotonsm-2sec-1) was used to evaluate the microalgal biomass and lipid content. Results indicated that at 95% confidence limits, the selected factors influence the biomass and lipid productivity. The maximum biomass productivity of 211.63 ± 1.40 mg l-1 d-1 was obtained under optimized conditions with 6.50% v/v of urine, pH of 7.69 and at light intensity of 205.40 μmolphotonsm-2sec-1. The lipid content was found to increase from 18.96 ± 1.30% in control media to 26.27 ± 1.94% under optimal conditions. The interactive effect of variables over the microalgal biomass and lipid content has also been elucidated. The data obtained were comparable to the BG11 media (control). Optimized diluted urine media in the presence of ammonium ions and under limited nitrate showed better lipid yields. Significant lipid biomolecules were detected in the algal oil extracts obtained from the diluted urine media characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) revealed the presence of several monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the transesterified algal oil. Such studies would aid in technically realizing the field scale cultivation of microalgae for biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunushree Behera
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sandip Patra
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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Cervantes-Gaxiola ME, Hernández-Calderón OM, Rubio-Castro E, Ortiz-del-Castillo JR, González-Llanes MD, Rios-Iribe EY. In silico study of the microalgae−bacteria symbiotic system in a stagnant pond. Comput Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Behera B, Balasubramanian P. Natural plant extracts as an economical and ecofriendly alternative for harvesting microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:45-52. [PMID: 30901587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the ability of plant based natural coagulants from Azadirachta indica; Ficus indica; Moringa oleifera; Citrus sinensis; Punica granatum and Musa acuminata to harvest the microalgal biomass. Influence of eluent type (water and NaCl) and concentration (1-5 N) on coagulant extraction; coagulant dosage (1-5 g) and volume (20-100 ml); pH (6-12) and algal concentration (0.1-1 g l-1) on harvesting were analyzed. The results obtained were compared with alum and chitosan. FTIR and biochemical analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds to aid coagulation. Biomass removal efficiency of 75.50% was obtained with M. oleifera extracts (8 mg ml-1) at pH 7.5-7.8, within 100 min. The harvesting efficiency increased to 95.76% when 4 mg ml-1M. oleifera extracts was combined with 0.75 mg ml-1 chitosan. The life cycle and cost analysis acknowledged the eco-friendly coagulants as strong alternative for conventional coagulants used in microalgal harvesting, thereby improvising the overall bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunushree Behera
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India.
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