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Koloti LE, Nkuna R, Matambo TS. Impact of current anthropogenic activities on Blesbokspruit wetland microbiome and functions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170010. [PMID: 38219994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Till present, natural wetlands have been continuously subjected to intensive pollution stress in recent years, mainly because of the rapidly growing industrialization and urbanization that are associated with a myriad of anthropogenic activities and land use practices. These man-made sources of pollution change the chemical properties of the natural wetlands, which in turn alter their microbial ecological biodiversity and functions. For the first time, the impact of the current anthropogenic activities and land use practices on the Blesbokspruit wetland chemical status and their consequential effect on the microbial structure and functions were investigated. Sites of high pollution intensity were identified using geographic information systems mapping (GISMapping) and the wetland microbiome and functional profile were studied through the use of high throughput shotgun metagenomics sequencing analysis. The predominant phyla that stemmed along the Blesbokspruit wetland were found to be Proteobacteria which was more dominant in water (93 %) than in the sediments (89 %), followed by firmicutes which was more abundant in sediments (9 %) than in water (6 %), and Bacteroidetes were relatively low in abundance within both the sediments (2 %) and the overlying water (1 %). The genera Klebsiella (70.4 %-28.2 %), Citrobacter (52.0 %-30.6 %), Escherichia (51.0 %-8.4 %), and Lynsinibacillus (9.3 %-1.5 %) were observed in most water and sediment samples. Within the six polluted sites, Site 2 was found to be the most highly polluted site in the Blesbokspruit wetland with very high COD (900 mg/L), TOC (11.60 mg/L), NO3- (39.74 mg/L), NO2- (12.64 mg/L), PO43 (4.14 mg/L), Fl- (143.88 mg/L), Cl- (145.95 mg/L) concentrations recorded in the water and high levels of TOC (0.37 mg/L), TC (6.92 %), TN (1.82 %), TS (0.53 %) in sediments. The microbial community structure and functions were found to be strongly influenced by the high organic content from the intense agricultural activities and sewage spillages and heavy metals from the mining activities nearby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebohang E Koloti
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), University of South Africa, Christiaan De Wet/Pioneer, P.O. Box X6, FL 1710, South Africa
| | - Rosina Nkuna
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), University of South Africa, Christiaan De Wet/Pioneer, P.O. Box X6, FL 1710, South Africa
| | - Tonderayi S Matambo
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), University of South Africa, Christiaan De Wet/Pioneer, P.O. Box X6, FL 1710, South Africa; Centre of Competence in Environmental Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Christiaan De Wet/Pioneer, P.O. Box X6, FL 1710, South Africa.
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Pan L, Cai B. Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria: Advances in Their Physiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Microbial Community Effects. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2904. [PMID: 38138048 PMCID: PMC10745930 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for all life on earth and has a major impact on plant growth and crop yield. The forms of phosphorus that can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants are mainly HPO42- and H2PO4-, which are known as usable phosphorus. At present, the total phosphorus content of soils worldwide is 400-1000 mg/kg, of which only 1.00-2.50% is plant-available, which seriously affects the growth of plants and the development of agriculture, resulting in a high level of total phosphorus in soils and a scarcity of available phosphorus. Traditional methods of applying phosphorus fertilizer cannot address phosphorus deficiency problems; they harm the environment and the ore material is a nonrenewable natural resource. Therefore, it is imperative to find alternative environmentally compatible and economically viable strategies to address phosphorus scarcity. Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can convert insoluble phosphorus in the soil into usable phosphorus that can be directly absorbed by plants, thus improving the uptake and utilization of phosphorus by plants. However, there is no clear and systematic report on the mechanism of action of PSB. Therefore, this paper summarizes the discovery process, species, and distribution of PSB, focusing on the physiological mechanisms outlining the processes of acidolysis, enzymolysis, chelation and complexation reactions of PSB. The related genes regulating PSB acidolysis and enzymatic action as well as genes related to phosphate transport and the molecular direction mechanism of its pathway are examined. The effects of PSB on the structure and abundance of microbial communities in soil are also described, illustrating the mechanism of how PSB interact with microorganisms in soil and indirectly increase the amount of available phosphorus in soil. And three perspectives are considered in further exploring the PSB mechanism in utilizing a synergistic multi-omics approach, exploring PSB-related regulatory genes in different phosphorus levels and investigating the application of PSB as a microbial fungicide. This paper aims to provide theoretical support for improving the utilization of soil insoluble phosphorus and providing optimal management of elemental phosphorus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Baiyan Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China
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Oyedoh OP, Yang W, Dhanasekaran D, Santoyo G, Glick BR, Babalola OO. Rare rhizo-Actinomycetes: A new source of agroactive metabolites. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108205. [PMID: 37356598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous biotic and abiotic stress in some geographical regions predisposed their agricultural matrix to challenges threatening plant productivity, health, and quality. In curbing these threats, different customary agrarian principles have been created through research and development, ranging from chemical inputs and genetic modification of crops to the recently trending smart agricultural technology. But the peculiarities associated with these methods have made agriculturists rely on plant rhizospheric microbiome services, particularly bacteria. Several bacterial resources like Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetes (Streptomycetes) are prominent as bioinoculants or the application of their by-products in alleviating biotic/abiotic stress have been extensively studied, with a dearth in the application of rare Actinomycetes metabolites. Rare Actinomycetes are known for their colossal genome, containing well-preserved genes coding for prolific secondary metabolites with many agroactive functionalities that can revolutionize the agricultural industry. Therefore, the imperativeness of this review to express the occurrence and distributions of rare Actinomycetes diversity, plant and soil-associated habitats, successional track in the rhizosphere under diverse stress, and their agroactive metabolite characteristics and functionalities that can remediate the challenges associated with agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghoye Priscilla Oyedoh
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biolόgicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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Zhao B, Hu Y, Yu H, Chen S, Xing T, Guo S, Zhang H. A method for researching the eutrophication and N/P loads of plateau lakes: Lugu Lake as a case. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162747. [PMID: 36906015 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lugu Lake is one of the best plateau lakes in China in terms of water quality, but in recent years the eutrophication of Lugu Lake has accelerated due to high nitrogen and phosphorus loads. This study aimed to determine the eutrophication state of Lugu Lake. Specifically, the spatio-temporal variations of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution during the wet and dry seasons were investigated in Lianghai and Caohai, and the primary environmental effect factors were defined. Adopting the endogenous static release experiments and the exogenous improved export coefficient model, a novel approach (a combination of internal and external sources) was developed for the estimation of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads in Lugu Lake. It was indicated that the order of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Lugu Lake was Caohai > Lianghai and dry season > wet season. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) were the main environmental factors causing nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. Endogenous nitrogen and phosphorus release rates in Lugu Lake were 668.7 and 42.0 t/a, respectively, and exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus input rates were 372.7 and 30.8 t/a, respectively. The contributions of pollution sources, in descending order, were sediment > land-use categories > residents and livestock breeding > plant decay, of which sediment nitrogen and phosphorus loads accounted for 64.3 % and 57.4 %, respectively. Regulating the endogenous release of sediment and obstructing the exogenous input from shrubland and woodland are emphasized for the management of nitrogen and phosphorus contamination in Lugu Lake. Thus, this study can serve as a theoretical foundation and technical guide for eutrophication control in plateau lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Yuansi Hu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Haoran Yu
- Municipal Environmental Construction Co., Ltd of Crec, Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Sikai Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Tao Xing
- Sichuan Academy of Environmental Science, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- China 19th Metallurgical Corporation, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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5
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Ghosh R, Pal S. Delineation of vegetation shaded ox-bow lakes in Ganges flood plain, India. ECOL INFORM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Dash S, Kalamdhad AS. Development of function-specific indices for assessing water quality based on the proposed modifications of the expected conflicts on existing information entropy weights. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:895. [PMID: 36242685 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water serves numerous purposes besides drinking, such as irrigation and industrial usage. Most water quality indices developed have primarily focused on drinking water quality. However, assessing other functionalities of water bodies is also equally essential. The present study proposes a novel technique to measure water quality for two highly specific water use, i.e., assessing heavy metal contamination and irrigation suitability. The ambiguities in the current practice of entropy weights were identified, and a novel method was proposed, considering a three-dimensional approach instead of the conventional two-dimensional procedure. Weights to different parameters were assigned based on the probability estimates obtained from the frequency of observed values within acceptable limits. The proposed method's reliability, correctness, and applicability were tested using Deepor Beel's water quality dataset. Results were highly consistent with the experimental values and correlated well with other established methods. The efficacy of the method was determined by employing sensitivity analyses. Both indices showed high reliability and correctness, as no single parameter was found to be highly sensitive compared to others. Therefore, the proposed methodology proved to be the most reasonable, incorporating all the factors required for a reliable water quality monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Dash
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences (SEAS), SRM University - AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India.
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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Li T, Yuan X, Ge L, Cao C, Suo Y, Bu ZJ, Peng C, Song H, Liu Z, Liu S, Wang M. Weak impact of nutrient enrichment on peat: Evidence from physicochemical properties. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.973626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) far exceeding the pre-industrial levels have the potential to change carbon (C) dynamics in northern peatlands. However, the responses of soil C concentration and organo-chemical composition to different rates and durations of nutrient enrichment are still unclear. Here, we compared the short- (3 years) and long-term (10 years) effects of N and P fertilizations on the physicochemical properties of peat and porewater in a bog-fen complex in northern China. Our results showed that the short-term fertilization increased Sphagnum moss cover, while the expansion of vascular plants was observed owing to the long-term fertilization. The preserved soil C did not vary considerably after the short- and long-term fertilizations. The harsh soil conditions may impede the decomposition of organic matters by soil microorganisms during the short-term fertilization. For the long-term fertilization, the input of high-phenolic litters owing to vascular plant expansion likely exerted an important control on soil C dynamics. These processes constrained the variation in soil C concentrations when the addition rate and cumulative amount of external N and P increased, which will advance our understanding and prediction of the resilience of soil C storage to imbalanced nutrient enrichment of N and P in northern peatlands.
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8
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Wang Q, Fang K, He C, Wang K. Ammonia removal from municipal wastewater via membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) in pilot-scale. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Reactive Transport: A Review of Basic Concepts with Emphasis on Biochemical Processes. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15030925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive transport (RT) couples bio-geo-chemical reactions and transport. RT is important to understand numerous scientific questions and solve some engineering problems. RT is highly multidisciplinary, which hinders the development of a body of knowledge shared by RT modelers and developers. The goal of this paper is to review the basic conceptual issues shared by all RT problems, so as to facilitate advancement along the current frontier: biochemical reactions. To this end, we review the basic equations to indicate that chemical systems are controlled by the set of equilibrium reactions, which are easy to model, but whose rate is controlled by mixing. Since mixing is not properly represented by the standard advection-dispersion equation (ADE), we conclude that this equation is poor for RT. This leads us to review alternative transport formulations, and the methods to solve RT problems using both the ADE and alternative equations. Since equilibrium is easy, difficulties arise for kinetic reactions, which is especially true for biochemistry, where numerous challenges are open (how to represent microbial communities, impact of genomics, effect of biofilms on flow and transport, etc.). We conclude with the basic eleven conceptual issues that we consider fundamental for any conceptually sound RT effort.
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Yang X, Liu S, Jia C, Liu Y, Yu C. Vulnerability assessment and management planning for the ecological environment in urban wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113540. [PMID: 34399373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a special ecosystem in cities, urban wetland parks have important environmental regulation and social service functions. This paper proposes a new methodology of urban wetland planning and management based on the vulnerability of the ecological environment. The Jixi National Wetland Park (JNWP) was taken as the research area to analyze the ecological, geological and environmental factors that affect urban wetlands. A remote sensing image, digital elevation model, and environmental quality interpolation processing were used to generate the factor layer, and a comprehensive evaluation index system was established. The fuzzy Delphi analytic hierarchy process (FDAHP) method was used to calculate the comprehensive weight of each evaluation factor. A model to evaluate the ecological environment vulnerability of the JNWP was established. Then, an improved k-means clustering algorithm was used to classify the ecological environment of the study area. The ecological environment vulnerability of the wetland was evaluated. The results showed that the vulnerability of the ecological environment in the study area could be divided into five levels, including very low, low, medium, high and very high vulnerability areas. According to the vulnerability level and the results of k-means++ cluster analysis, the JNWP is divided into five areas. The wetland buffer zone is the main factor that determines the distribution of ecological environment vulnerability in urban wetlands. However, cultivated land development and ecological environmental restoration are the main factors that determine the evolution of ecological environment vulnerability in urban wetlands. The FDAHP and geographic information systems (GIS), combined with cluster analysis, are effective methods to evaluate the vulnerability of the ecological environment of urban wetlands, which provides a scientific and accurate methodology for the management and sustainable development of urban wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Chao Jia
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Shandong institute of Surveying & Mapping of geology, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Cuicui Yu
- Shandong institute of Surveying & Mapping of geology, Jinan, 250002, China
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11
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Mai Y, Liang Y, Cheng M, He Z, Yu G. Coupling oxidation of acid volatile sulfide, ferrous iron, and ammonia nitrogen from black-odorous sediment via autotrophic denitrification-anammox by nitrate addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:147972. [PMID: 34082326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The coupling removal of acid volatile sulfide (AVS), ferrous iron, and ammonia nitrogen has been applied for black-odorous sediment remediation. In this study, calcium nitrate with different N/(S + Fe) ratios (0.45, 0.90, 1.20 and 1.80) was added into black-odorous sediment in four systems named R1, R2, R3, and R4. Results showed that the removal rate of AVS was 76.40% in the R1, which was lower compared with rates in R2-R4 around 96.70%. The ferrous oxidation rate was approximately 87.00% in R2-R4, which was considerably higher than that in the R1 (24.62%). And the ammonia was reduced by 81.02%, 88.00%, 100%, and 57.18% in R1, R2, R3 and R4, respectively. During the reaction, nitrite accumulation was observed, indicating partial denitrification. Moreover, microbes related to autotrophic denitrification (e.g., genus Thiobacillus, Dok59, GOUTA19, Gallionella, with the highest abundance of 15.40%, 13.21%, 8.79%, 9.44%, respectively) were detected in all systems. Furthermore, the anammox bacteria Candidatus_Brocadia with the highest abundance of 3.44% and 4.00% in R2 and R3, respectively was also found. These findings confirmed that AVS, ferrous iron, and ammonia nitrogen could be simultaneously removed via autotrophic denitrification coupled with anammox in black-odorous sediment by nitrate addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Mai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuhai Liang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingshuang Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zihao He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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12
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Dash S, Kalamdhad AS. Discussion on the existing methodology of entropy-weights in water quality indexing and proposal for a modification of the expected conflicts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53983-54001. [PMID: 34043163 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present research focuses on addressing various ambiguities in the existing method of integrating information entropy and water quality, thereby presenting a novel approach for an entropy-weighted water quality index. A three-dimensional water quality dataset is considered in the proposed method, the third dimension being the sampling frequency factor. The probability of observed values adhering to desirable limits prescribed by a standard code is estimated, leading to the computation of information entropy and, eventually, entropy weights. These weights are then used for the computation of the Modified Entropy-weight Water Quality Index (MEWQI) values. To verify the proposed method's applicability, the water quality dataset of Deepor Beel, India, was considered. IS 10500: 2012 was used for estimating MEWQI values. Results showed an excellent correlation with the observed dataset and their uncertainties of occurrence. The reliability and correctness of the proposed methodology were finally confirmed through both cluster analysis and sensitivity analysis. The cluster analysis showed remarkable associations with the computed MEWQI values, while the sensitivity analysis proved that no particular parameter was accountable for the contribution of MEWQI values; instead, all parameters exhibited equal contributions. The proposed methodology was thus found to be the most reasonable and reliable as it considered both factors, i.e., measured values concerning standard limits and the uncertainty, necessary for a consistent water quality monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Dash
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
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13
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Saeed Q, Xiukang W, Haider FU, Kučerik J, Mumtaz MZ, Holatko J, Naseem M, Kintl A, Ejaz M, Naveed M, Brtnicky M, Mustafa A. Rhizosphere Bacteria in Plant Growth Promotion, Biocontrol, and Bioremediation of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Review of Effects and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10529. [PMID: 34638870 PMCID: PMC8509026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculture in the 21st century is facing multiple challenges, such as those related to soil fertility, climatic fluctuations, environmental degradation, urbanization, and the increase in food demand for the increasing world population. In the meanwhile, the scientific community is facing key challenges in increasing crop production from the existing land base. In this regard, traditional farming has witnessed enhanced per acre crop yields due to irregular and injudicious use of agrochemicals, including pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, but at a substantial environmental cost. Another major concern in modern agriculture is that crop pests are developing pesticide resistance. Therefore, the future of sustainable crop production requires the use of alternative strategies that can enhance crop yields in an environmentally sound manner. The application of rhizobacteria, specifically, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as an alternative to chemical pesticides has gained much attention from the scientific community. These rhizobacteria harbor a number of mechanisms through which they promote plant growth, control plant pests, and induce resistance to various abiotic stresses. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of rhizobacteria involved in plant growth promotion, biocontrol of pests, and bioremediation of contaminated soils. It also focuses on the effects of PGPR inoculation on plant growth survival under environmental stress. Furthermore, the pros and cons of rhizobacterial application along with future directions for the sustainable use of rhizobacteria in agriculture are discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Saeed
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Wang Xiukang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Jiří Kučerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defense Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Munaza Naseem
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (A.K.)
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradni 400/1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Mukkaram Ejaz
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.B.)
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Biology Center CAS, SoWa RI, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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