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Ahmad A, Ghufran R. Microbial granules on reactors performance during organic butyrate digestion: clean production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1236-1256. [PMID: 36130802 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This critical review for anaerobic degradation of complex organic compounds like butyrate using reactors has been enormously applied for biogas production. Biogas production rate has a great impact on: reactor granulation methanogenesis, nutrient content, shear velocity, organic loading and loss of nutrients taking place in the reactor continuously. Various technologies have been applied to closed anaerobic reactors to improve biogas production and treatment efficiency. Recent reviews showed that the application of closed anaerobic reactors can accelerate the degradation of organics like volatile fatty acid-butyrate and affect microbial biofilm formation by increasing the number of methanogens and increase methane production 16.5 L-1 CH4 L-1 POME-1. The closed anaerobic reactors with stable microbial biofilm and established organic load were responsible for the improvement of the reactor and methane production. The technology mentioned in this review can be used to monitor biogas concentration, which directly correlates to organic concentrations. This review attempts to evaluate interactions among the: degradation of organics, closed anaerobic reactors system, and microbial granules. This article provides a useful picture for the improvement of the degradation of organic butyrate for COD removal, biogas and methane production in an anaerobic closed reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ahmad
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Roomana Ghufran
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources, University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Malaysia
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Ahmar Siddiqui M, Parnthong J, Kungsanant S, Chavadej S, Chaiprapat S. Influences of specific surfactant structures on biohydrogen production from oily wastewater in batch and continuous anaerobic dark fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127617. [PMID: 35840022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Residual oil in palm oil mill effluent (POME) poses difficulties in its treatment chain. Non-ionic surfactants containing different hydrophobic tail structures and their optimal concentrations were evaluated for effectiveness in biohydrogen production. By adding the surfactants at their critical micelle concentration in synthetic oily wastewater, the maximal H2 yield was increased by 2.2 and 3.5 times for Triton X-100 and Tergitol 15-S-9, respectively, compared to the control. Using real POME, the supplemental Tergitol 15-S-9 resulted in a 56.4 % improvement in H2 production. For continuous digestion studies, pure POME and Tergitol 15-S-9 supplemented POME (sPOME) were fed to thermophilic anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) under hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 32-12.5 days. Optimally at HRT 19 days, H2 content in the biogas from sPOME-fed ASBR was noticeably higher, which gave a superior yield of 203.4 mLH2/gCODremoved (+15 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmar Siddiqui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jatuporn Parnthong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Suratsawadee Kungsanant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sumaeth Chavadej
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sumate Chaiprapat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, PSU Energy Systems Research Institute, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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Mahmod SS, Azahar AM, Luthfi AAI, Abdul PM, Mastar MS, Anuar N, Takriff MS, Jahim JMD. Potential Utilisation of Dark-Fermented Palm Oil Mill Effluent in Continuous Production of Biomethane by Self-Granulated Mixed Culture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9167. [PMID: 32514030 PMCID: PMC7280187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-stage anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a promising method for converting the waste from the largest agricultural industry in Southeast Asia into a clean and sustainable energy. This study investigates the degradation of acid-rich effluent from the dark fermentation stage for the production of biomethane (BioCH4) in a 30-L continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). The continuous methanogenic process was operated with varied HRTs (10 - 1 day) and OLRs (4.6-40.6 gCOD/L.d-1) under thermophilic conditions. Methanothermobacter sp. was the dominant thermophilic archaea that was responsible for the production rate of 4.3 LCH4/LPOME.d-1 and methane yield of 256.77 LCH4kgCOD at HRT of 2 d, which is the lowest HRT reported in the literature. The process was able to digest 85% and 64% of the initial POME's COD and TSS, respectively. The formation of methane producing granules (MPG) played a pivotal role in sustaining the efficient and productive anaerobic system. We report herein that the anaerobic digestion was not only beneficial in reducing the contaminants in the liquid effluent, but generating BioCH4 gas with a positive net energy gain of 7.6 kJ/gCOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Senan Mahmod
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azratul Madihah Azahar
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peer Mohamed Abdul
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahbudin Mastar
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurina Anuar
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sobri Takriff
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamaliah M D Jahim
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Integrated System Technology of POME Treatment for Biohydrogen and Biomethane Production in Malaysia. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, production of biohydrogen and biomethane (or a mixture of these; biohythane) from organic wastes using two-stage bioreactor have been implemented by developing countries such as Germany, USA and the United Kingdom using the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. In Thailand, biohythane production in a two-stage process has been widely studied. However, in Malaysia, treating organic and agricultural wastes using an integrated system of dark fermentation (DF) coupled with anaerobic digestion (AD) is scarce. For instance, in most oil palm mills, palm oil mill effluent (POME) is treated using a conventional open-ponding system or closed-digester tank for biogas capture. This paper reviewed relevant literature studies on treating POME and other organic wastes using integrated bioreactor implementing DF and/or AD process for biohydrogen and/or biomethane production. Although the number of papers that have been published in this area is increasing, a further review is needed to reveal current technology used and its benefits, especially in Malaysia, since Malaysia is the second-largest oil palm producer in the world.
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Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Membrane Bioreactor: Novel Processes and Their Major Drawbacks. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, different types of alternative technologies have been developed and used for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. Specifically, membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been employed to relegate pollutants contained in POME under different operating conditions, and the technology was found to be promising. The major challenge impeding the wider application of this technology is membrane fouling, which usually attracts high operating energy and running cost. In this regard, novel methods of mitigating membrane fouling through the treatment processes have been developed. Therefore, this review article specifically focuses on the recent treatment processes of POME using MBR, with particular emphasis on innovative processes conditions such as aerobic, anaerobic, and hybrid processing as well as their performance in relation to fouling minimization. Furthermore, the effects of sonication and thermophilic and mesophilic conditions on membrane blockage were critically reviewed. The types of foulants and fouling mechanism as influenced by different operating conditions were also analyzed censoriously.
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Krishnan S, Md Din MF, Mat Taib S, Ee Ling Y, Aminuddin E, Chelliapan S, Mishra P, Rana S, Nasrullah M, Sakinah M, Wahid ZA, Singh L. Utilization of micro‒algal biomass residues (MABRS) for bio‒hythane production‒ a perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/jabb.2018.05.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lam SS, Liew RK, Cheng CK, Rasit N, Ooi CK, Ma NL, Ng JH, Lam WH, Chong CT, Chase HA. Pyrolysis production of fruit peel biochar for potential use in treatment of palm oil mill effluent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:400-408. [PMID: 29505995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit peel, an abundant waste, represents a potential bio-resource to be converted into useful materials instead of being dumped in landfill sites. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a harmful waste that should also be treated before it can safely be released to the environment. In this study, pyrolysis of banana and orange peels was performed under different temperatures to produce biochar that was then examined as adsorbent in POME treatment. The pyrolysis generated 30.7-47.7 wt% yield of a dark biochar over a temperature ranging between 400 and 500 °C. The biochar contained no sulphur and possessed a hard texture, low volatile content (≤34 wt%), and high amounts of fixed carbon (≥72 wt%), showing durability in terms of high resistance to chemical reactions such as oxidation. The biochar showed a surface area of 105 m2/g and a porous structure containing mesopores, indicating its potential to provide many adsorption sites for use as an adsorbent. The use of the biochar as adsorbent to treat the POME showed a removal efficiency of up to 57% in reducing the concentration of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand COD, total suspended solid (TSS) and oil and grease (O&G) of POME to an acceptable level below the discharge standard. Our results indicate that pyrolysis shows promise as a technique to transform banana and orange peel into value-added biochar for use as adsorbent to treat POME. The recovery of biochar from fruit waste also shows advantage over traditional landfill approaches in disposing this waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Eastern Corridor Renewable Energy Group (ECRE), School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom.
| | - Rock Keey Liew
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Eastern Corridor Renewable Energy Group (ECRE), School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Kui Cheng
- Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Nazaitulshila Rasit
- Environmental Technology Programme, School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Kuan Ooi
- Environmental Technology Programme, School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Jo-Han Ng
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton Malaysia Campus, 79200 Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia; Energy Technology Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Wei Haur Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Tung Chong
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Howard A Chase
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom.
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