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Gyawali B, Mkoma GF, Harsch S. Social Determinants Influencing Nutrition Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health in Indigenous Populations: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2024; 16:2750. [PMID: 39203887 PMCID: PMC11356862 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition behavior is influenced by a large number of factors, including social and cultural factors. This scoping review aims to summarize how social determinants of health (SDoH) influence nutrition behaviors in Indigenous populations affected by or at risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a systematic search in six databases-PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and World Health Organization Global Index Medicus-limiting results to studies published in English up to 27 October 2023. A descriptive synthesis was conducted. We identified 1490 articles, and after screening, 31 of them met our inclusion criteria. We found that nutritional behavior is impacted by various SDoH domains, including economic stability, neighborhood and built environment, education, health and healthcare, and social and community context. The shift from traditional diets to Westernized diets and from subsistence-based food gathering to reliance on store-bought and processed foods reflects changes in SDoH, affecting both nutrition behaviors and health outcomes. Although not all included studies examined every SDoH domain in our review, future research should consider all domains to gain a comprehensive understanding of how they impact nutritional behavior. This approach will better inform interventions and policies, ultimately promoting health equity in Indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Gyawali
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Frederick Mkoma
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Harsch
- Center for Medicine and Society, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany;
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Glass DJ, Godwin J, Bez E, Corley MK, Valeggia CR, Martin MA. Longitudinal analysis of cortisol changes during pubertal development in indigenous Qom girls. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24133. [PMID: 39034658 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pubertal research has primarily focused on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) regulation of puberty, though the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is increasingly considered critical. Heightened HPA function proxied by increasing cortisol levels may play a role in accelerated pubertal timing. However, the extent to which cortisol varies across ages and its relation to pubertal changes in linear growth are less well substantiated. We explored relationships between age, linear growth, adiposity, C-peptide (proxy for insulin), and cortisol across puberty, and we tested whether higher cortisol levels are associated with earlier ages at menarche and peak height velocity. We utilize longitudinal data (n = 777 urine samples) from Qom females ages 7-14 (n = 46) and test our pre-registered analysis using Bayesian longitudinal mixed effects models and joint modeling techniques. We find limited evidence supporting the overarching hypothesis that HPA upregulation is associated with pubertal maturation or timing. We find some evidence that HPA upregulation, as proxied by cortisol, may be more clearly related to differences in relative linear growth at early-mid puberty, as measured by height-for-age z-scores. Transdisciplinary perspectives on puberty, including the assumption that stressors acting via cortisol accelerate pubertal development, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney J Glass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica Godwin
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eleanna Bez
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret K Corley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Claudia R Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie A Martin
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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3
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Veile A, Chávez Cabello R, Otárola-Castillo E, Rojas Bravo V, Turner G. Urbanization, migration, and indigenous health in Peru. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23904. [PMID: 37157872 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compare demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure (BP), between rural and urban Peruvian indigenous women. These are preliminary results from a project on urbanization, migration, and health. METHODS Data were collected cross-sectionally (2019) and compared between a rural (n = 92) and an urban (n = 93) community. RESULTS Height: μ = 148.3 ± 5.0 cm (range = 137-162), weight: μ = 62.0 ± 11.5 (range = 37.5-108.7), median waist circumference = 89.0 (IQR = 15.8, range = 64.0-126.0), BMI = 28.3 (IQR = 6.2, range = 16.7-40.0), with no significant rural-urban differences. Systolic but not diastolic BP was significantly higher in urban versus rural women (median = 110, IQR = 18, range = 80-170 vs. median = 120, IQR = 10, range = 90-170, p = .002 and median = 70, IQR = 17, range = 50-100 vs. median = 70, IQR = 10, range = 60-100, p = .354), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite major lifestyle differences, there were no anthropometric differences between rural and urban women. Higher systolic BP in urban women may reflect social/economic stressors rather than dietary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Veile
- Department of Anthropology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - R Chávez Cabello
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco, Peru
| | - E Otárola-Castillo
- Department of Anthropology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - V Rojas Bravo
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco, Peru
| | - G Turner
- Department of Anthropology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Daiy K, Frieson T, Palacio-Londono L, Barnes I, Olmedo S, Aranda P, Cirigliano F, Valeggia C. Body norms, body image, and media in a market-integrating indigenous population in Argentina: A mixed-methods investigation. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23813. [PMID: 36196909 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between media, body norms, and body image among the Qom, a market-integrating indigenous population in Argentina that has historically idealized larger body sizes. METHODS With men and women (n = 87), we measured frequency of media/technology use through a Likert-type questionnaire. Using the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, we asked participants to select the most healthy and ideal body size for their gender, as well as their own body size. We calculated body dissatisfaction as the difference between ideal and own body size. We conducted semi-structured interviews to describe the role of media in body norms and body image. RESULTS Media exposure was not significantly associated with perceptions of the "healthiest" or most "ideal" body sizes, nor body dissatisfaction. Men and women perceived categorically "middle-range" body sizes as both healthy and ideal, differing from a similar study in 2010, where larger bodies were favored. Interviews revealed that: media is not recognized as affecting body norms and body image, but is conceptually associated with cultural loss (Theme 1); a "dual stigma" of fatness and thinness is perpetuated by peers, family, and healthcare providers (Theme 2); and body acceptance is highly valued (Theme 3). CONCLUSION In this context, while some body norms have changed over time, the impact of media on body norms and image may be secondary to influences from individuals' social networks, and may be occluded by norms favoring body acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Daiy
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Chaco Area Reproductive Ecology Program, Dept. of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tomeka Frieson
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Chaco Area Reproductive Ecology Program, Dept. of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ivana Barnes
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Chaco Area Reproductive Ecology Program, Dept. of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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5
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Zonta ML, Servián A, Panisse G, Oyhenart EE, Navone GT. Nutritional status, intestinal parasitic infections, and socio-environmental conditions in Mbyá-guaraní children: The current situation in communities in central Misiones, Argentina. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23749. [PMID: 35388936 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our previous research in Mbyá-guaraní communities of central Misiones showed high levels of growth stunting and intestinal parasites in children, as well as associations between these variables and deficient sanitary conditions. New studies were necessary to update the present health status of the previously studied Mbyá populations after around two decades. Therefore, we evaluated the current nutritional status, intestinal parasites, and socio-environmental conditions among Mbyá-guaraní children from these communities. METHODS Body weight and height of 102 individuals (aged 2-14) were measured and nutritional status was estimated according to the World Health Organization criteria. Serial fecal samples and anal swabs were analyzed from 75 children (aged 1-14). Socio-environmental data were obtained from questionnaires. RESULTS The prevalence of undernutrition was 31.4% and excess of weight was 10.8%. The prevalence of stunting and of overweight reached 30.4% and 8.8%, respectively. About 85% of the children were infected with at least one of the 14 species identified, and around 44% had multiple parasite infections. The most prevalent species were Enterobius vermicularis and hookworms. Among undernourished children, 88.2% were parasitized by at least one of the potentially pathogenic species detected. Most of the families lived in overcrowded conditions in precarious houses, defecated in latrines, and consumed well water. A higher risk of parasitosis was associated with the source of drinking water. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of undernutrition and intestinal parasites decreased compared with our previous studies, we still observed the coexistence of stunting, excess weight, and parasitic infections, in a context of socio-environmental vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lorena Zonta
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Servián
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Panisse
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evelia E Oyhenart
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación (LINOA)- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNyM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela T Navone
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sanchez-Samaniego G, Tallman PS, Valdes-Velasquez A. Metabolic syndrome risk unexpectedly predicted by traditional food consumption: shifting food systems and health among the Awajún of the Peruvian Amazon. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:110-118. [PMID: 33779426 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1908424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary changes, especially declines in traditional food diversity and increases in the consumption of processed foods, have previously been shown to increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. AIM We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in four Awajún communities in the Peruvian Amazon. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 222 participants answered a socioeconomic questionnaire, a 24-h food recall, and completed a physical examination for metabolic syndrome diagnosis. A Poisson regression with robust variance was used in the statistical analysis of risk factors for metabolic syndrome. RESULTS We found an overall prevalence of 24% for metabolic syndrome. Being female, increased age and body mass index were significant risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Surprisingly, risk more than doubled with the ratio of traditional foods. However, this study revealed that there are fewer traditional foods being consumed in this study compared to prior studies among the Awajún. CONCLUSION We suggest that the unexpected relationship between traditional food consumption and metabolic syndrome may be due to substantial reductions in the diversity of traditional foods. Currently available traditional foods are primarily high in carbohydrates and are supplemented with cheap, non-perishable, and carbohydrate heavy market food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Sanchez-Samaniego
- School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,School of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paula S Tallman
- The Field Museum of Natural History, Keller Science Action Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Armando Valdes-Velasquez
- Laboratory for EcoHealth & Urban Ecology, School of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Clima - Latin American Centre for Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Hoi AG, Daiy K, Altman RM, Venners S, Valeggia C, Nepomnaschy P. Postpartum amenorrhea duration by sex of the newborn in two natural fertility populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 174:661-669. [PMID: 33314035 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postpartum amenorrhea (PA) affects the length of interbirth intervals and thus is intimately related to human life history strategies. PA duration appears to be influenced by maternal energetic status. In humans, as in other mammals, sons are costlier than daughters. Thus, we hypothesize that, in energetically constrained environments, a newborn's sex should be associated with PA duration. METHODS We analyzed data from two natural fertility populations in which mothers have differing energy budgets: Qom women (n = 121) from a periurban village in Argentina, who have a comparatively calorically dense diet and are sedentary (prepregnancy mean BMI = 24.8 ± 4.5 kg/m2 in 1997), and agropastoral Kaqchikel Maya women (n = 88), who have a comparatively calorically restricted diet and high physical activity levels (mean BMI = 21.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2 ). We predict that (a) mothers of sons exhibit longer PA duration than mothers of daughters and (b) this association between offspring sex and PA duration is stronger in the Maya, who have smaller energy budgets. RESULTS Maya mothers with sons exhibited estimated mean and median PA durations that were 1.34 times the estimated mean and median PA duration of mothers with daughters (p = 0.02). Among the Qom, mean, and median PA duration did not differ significantly in relation to offspring sex (p = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS Maya mothers with sons exhibited longer PA duration than those with daughters. This phenomenon was not observed in the well-nourished Qom, possibly due to "buffering" effects from larger energy budgets. Offspring sex may influence birth spacing and maternal life history strategies in energetically constrained environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Gigi Hoi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine Daiy
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachel MacKay Altman
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott Venners
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Claudia Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pablo Nepomnaschy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Casiraghi LP, Plano SA, Fernández-Duque E, Valeggia C, Golombek DA, de la Iglesia HO. Access to electric light is associated with delays of the dim-light melatonin onset in a traditionally hunter-gatherer Toba/Qom community. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12689. [PMID: 32761922 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Key to the transition of humans from nomadic hunting-gathering groups to industrialized and highly urbanized societies was the creation of protected and artificially lit environments that extended the natural daylight hours and consolidated sleep away from nocturnal threats. These conditions isolated humans from the natural regulators of sleep and exposed them to higher levels of light during the evening, which are associated with a later sleep onset. Here, we investigated the extent to which this delayed timing of sleep is due to a delayed circadian system. We studied two communities of Toba/Qom in the northern region of Argentina, one with and the other without access to electricity. These communities have recently transitioned from a hunting-gathering subsistence to mixed subsistence systems and represent a unique model in which to study the potential effects of the access to artificial light on sleep physiology. We have previously shown that participants in the community with access to electricity had, compared to participants in the community without electricity, later sleep onsets, and shorter sleep bouts. Here, we show they also have a delayed dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO). This difference is present during the winter but not during the spring when the influence of evening artificial light is likely less relevant. Our results support the notion that the human transition into artificially lit environments had a major impact on physiological systems that regulate sleep timing, including the phase of the master circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santiago A Plano
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Duque
- Department of Anthropology and School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Diego A Golombek
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wells JCK, Stock JT. Life History Transitions at the Origins of Agriculture: A Model for Understanding How Niche Construction Impacts Human Growth, Demography and Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:325. [PMID: 32508752 PMCID: PMC7253633 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent millennia, human populations have regularly reconstructed their subsistence niches, changing both how they obtain food and the conditions in which they live. For example, over the last 12,000 years the vast majority of human populations shifted from foraging to practicing different forms of agriculture. The shift to farming is widely understood to have impacted several aspects of human demography and biology, including mortality risk, population growth, adult body size, and physical markers of health. However, these trends have not been integrated within an over-arching conceptual framework, and there is poor understanding of why populations tended to increase in population size during periods when markers of health deteriorated. Here, we offer a novel conceptual approach based on evolutionary life history theory. This theory assumes that energy availability is finite and must be allocated in competition between the functions of maintenance, growth, reproduction, and defence. In any given environment, and at any given stage during the life-course, natural selection favours energy allocation strategies that maximise fitness. We argue that the origins of agriculture involved profound transformations in human life history strategies, impacting both the availability of energy and the way that it was allocated between life history functions in the body. Although overall energy supply increased, the diet composition changed, while sedentary populations were challenged by new infectious burdens. We propose that this composite new ecological niche favoured increased energy allocation to defence (immune function) and reproduction, thus reducing the allocation to growth and maintenance. We review evidence in support of this hypothesis and highlight how further work could address both heterogeneity and specific aspects of the origins of agriculture in more detail. Our approach can be applied to many other transformations of the human subsistence niche, and can shed new light on the way that health, height, life expectancy, and fertility patterns are changing in association with globalization and nutrition transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. K. Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jonathan C. K. Wells
| | - Jay T. Stock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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10
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Daiy K, Arslanian K, Lagranja ES, Valeggia CR. Perceptions of the healthiest body in a market-integrating indigenous population in Argentina: Fat idealization and gendered generational differences. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 32:e23382. [PMID: 31886934 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Market integration seems to induce gender-specific generational change in health-related perceptions of body size. We predicted that among the Qom of Argentina, younger women would perceive comparatively thinner bodies as healthiest, demonstrating thin-idealizing body norms, and older women would retain culturally rooted perceptions of heavier bodies as healthiest. As traditional and globalized body size ideals are different for men, we predicted that men would perceive normal bodies as healthiest and would not exhibit generational differences. METHODS We asked Qom adults (n = 273) residing in Namqom, Argentina to choose the healthiest body size from the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS). We performed multiple linear regression with age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) predicting healthy-body perception score. RESULTS A majority of women chose overweight bodies as healthiest. As predicted, older women preferred heavier bodies compared to their younger peers; this generational effect was stronger among women clinically defined as underweight (BMI ≤19.99 kg/m2 ), and "normal" weight (20.00 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤24.99 kg/m2 ), as compared to women clinically defined as overweight (25.00 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤29.99 kg/m2 ) or obese (≥30.00 kg/m2 ). Men exhibited no generational effects and largely perceived bodies corresponding to a "normal" BMI as healthiest. CONCLUSIONS Among Qom women, there is evidence for the adoption of the idealization of thinness as healthy alongside traditional perceptions that fat bodies are healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Daiy
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Chaco Area Reproductive Ecology Program, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kendall Arslanian
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Chaco Area Reproductive Ecology Program, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elena S Lagranja
- Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología, Nutrición y Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina
- Chaco Area Reproductive Ecology Program, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Claudia R Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Chaco Area Reproductive Ecology Program, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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11
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Amir D, Valeggia C, Srinivasan M, Sugiyama LS, Dunham Y. Measuring subjective social status in children of diverse societies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226550. [PMID: 31860691 PMCID: PMC6924674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective Social Status (SSS) is a robust predictor of psychological and physiological outcomes, frequently measured as self-reported placement on the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status. Despite its importance, however, there are still open questions regarding how early into ontogeny SSS can be measured, and how well SSS measures can be extended to non-Western and small-scale populations. Here, we investigate the internal consistency of responses to the MacArthur ladder across four cultures by comparing responses to more explicit social comparison questions. We conduct these comparisons among children and adolescents, ages 4 to 18, in India, the United States, and Argentina, in addition to those in two indigenous communities of the Ecuadorean Amazon marked by differing degrees of market integration (total N = 363). We find that responses are consistent in all populations, except for the more remote forager-horticulturalist Ecuadorian community. We also find that, consistent with findings among American adolescents, SSS declines with age. We then assess the test-retest reliability of the MacArthur Scale across two time-points: a subset of Indian participants (N = 43) within one week, and a larger, second sample of Indian participants after one year (N = 665). We find that responses are highly correlated within one week (ρ = 0.47), and moderately correlated after one year (ρ = 0.32). These results suggest that responses to the MacArthur ladder are internally consistent and reliable among children across a range of diverse populations, though care must be taken in utilizing these measures among children of non-industrial, small-scale societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Amir
- Yale University, Department of Anthropology, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Valeggia
- Yale University, Department of Anthropology, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Mahesh Srinivasan
- University of California, Department of Psychology, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. Sugiyama
- University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Yarrow Dunham
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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Alvarado LC, Valeggia CR, Ellison PT, Lewarch CL, Muller MN. A Comparison of men’s Life History, Aging, and Testosterone Levels among Datoga Pastoralists, Hadza Foragers, and Qom Transitional Foragers. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-019-00116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Bethancourt HJ, Leonard WR, Tanner S, Schultz AF, Rosinger AY. Longitudinal Changes in Measures of Body Fat and Diet Among Adult Tsimane' Forager-Horticulturalists of Bolivia, 2002-2010. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1347-1359. [PMID: 31219239 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined changes in body fat and diet among Tsimane' forager-horticulturalists and assessed how dietary shifts relate to increases in adiposity between 2002 and 2010. METHODS Longitudinal anthropometric and household-level dietary recall data from 365 men and 339 women aged ≥20 years in the Tsimane' Amazonian Panel Study were used. Multilevel mixed-effects models estimated how BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, skinfolds, and fat-free mass relate to household consumption of crops, hunted or fished foods, domesticated animal products, cooking oil, and refined grains and sugar. RESULTS Women's prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 22.6% and 2.4% in 2002 to 28.8% and 8.9% in 2010, respectively, and BMI increased by 0.60% ± 0.12% per year (P < 0.001). Increases in fat-free mass accounted for some of this observed weight gain among women. Men's prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 16.2% and 0.7% to 25.0% and 2.2%, respectively, and BMI increased by 0.22% ± 0.09% per year (P = 0.009). Household use of cooking oil increased and was positively associated with female BMI. Consumption of domesticated animal products did not change significantly but was positively associated with female BMI and male waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Even small increases in energy-dense market-based foods can contribute to adiposity gains among a moderately active, subsistence-based population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Bethancourt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Susan Tanner
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Alan F Schultz
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Asher Y Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Veile A, Valeggia C, Kramer KL. Cesarean birth and the growth of Yucatec Maya and Toba/Qom children. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23228. [PMID: 30815932 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cesarean delivery is often epidemiologically associated with childhood obesity. However, little attention is paid to post-birth modulatory environments, and most studies are conducted in settings where obesity arises for a number of reasons in addition to birth mode. We therefore assess population differences in the relationship between birth mode and childhood growth using data from rural and peri-urban Latin American indigenous populations, and test predictions developed using life history theory. METHODS Child height and weight were measured monthly in 80 Yucatec Maya and 58 Toba/Qom children aged 1-48 months (2007-2014, 3812 observations). Random-effects linear mixed models were used to compare children's growth by population, sex, and birth mode, accounting for potential confounders. RESULTS Cesarean delivery rates were 47% (Toba/Qom) and 20% (Yucatec Maya). Childhood obesity and overweight rates were low in both populations. Cesarean-delivered children had significantly greater weight gain (but similar height grain) compared to vaginally-delivered children. By age 4, cesarean delivered Yucatec Maya girls and boys, and Toba/Qom boys (not girls), had significantly higher weight-for-age compared to vaginally-delivered children from their own sex and population. CONCLUSIONS This provides one of the first attempts to document differences in children's growth patterns according to mode of birth in modernizing indigenous populations. Cesarean delivery is associated with young children's growth patterns, even in the absence of many obesity-inducing factors. There are also population, age, and sex differences in the relationship between birth mode and childhood weight trajectories that warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Veile
- Department of Anthropology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Claudia Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Karen L Kramer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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15
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Martin MA, Veile AJ, Valeggia CR. Birth mode and infectious morbidity risks in Qom children of Argentina. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23200. [PMID: 30565345 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cesarean delivery may increase childhood infectious morbidity risks via altered birth exposures and subsequent immune, microbial, and epigenetic development. Many Latin American indigenous populations experience dual burdens of infectious and chronic diseases, and are particularly vulnerable to rising rates of cesarean delivery and associated adverse outcomes. The Qom/Toba are an indigenous population in Argentina experiencing rapid lifestyle transitions. We hypothesized that cesarean delivery would be associated with increased risk of infectious symptoms in Qom children after adjusting for gestational and nutritional factors. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of birth records and monthly anthropometric and illness data collected previously from 90 Qom children (aged 1-55 months). We tested for additive effects of birth mode on risk of gastrointestinal (GI) and respiratory illness (RI) in mixed-effects logistic regression models adjusting for child weight-for-age (WAZ), weaning, and gestational and maternal age. RESULTS Cesarean deliveries accounted for 46% of births and were associated with maternal age < 20 and ≥ 30 years, gestational age < 39 weeks, and prenatal complications. GI and RI risks were reduced in association with cesarean delivery, greater WAZ, weaning, maternal age ≥ 30 years, and gestational age < 39 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between cesarean delivery and reduced infectious risks may reflect statistical confounding with relatively rapid postnatal growth and greater adiposity. Postnatal growth trajectories may be important mediators of long-term morbidity risks associated with cesarean delivery. The frequency of cesarean deliveries among the Qom remains concerning given traditionally high rates of fertility and adolescent pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Martin
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amanda J Veile
- Department of Anthropology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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16
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Kraft TS, Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Martin M, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Nutrition transition in 2 lowland Bolivian subsistence populations. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1183-1195. [PMID: 30383188 PMCID: PMC6290367 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional diets are often credited for the robust cardiometabolic health of subsistence populations. Yet, rural subsistence populations are undergoing nutrition transitions that have been linked to the increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases. Few studies have presented detailed dietary estimates in transitioning populations. Objectives We aimed to 1) characterize and compare dietary profiles of 2 neighboring subsistence populations in Bolivia who vary in market integration and 2) identify dietary factors contributing to low cardiovascular disease risk. Design We used a mixed longitudinal design to estimate nutrient intake via 24-h recall and dietary questionnaires among 1299 Tsimane (aged 30-91 y) and 229 Moseten (aged 30-84 y) men and women. We constructed population-level estimates of energy intake, dietary diversity, and nutrient shortfalls and analyzed dietary changes over time and space using multilevel models. Last, we compared Tsimane and Moseten dietary profiles with those of Americans (NHANES). Results The Tsimane diet was characterized by high energy (2422-2736 kcal/d), carbohydrate (376-423 g/d), and protein (119-139 g/d) intakes; low fat intake (40-46 g/d); and low dietary diversity relative to the average US diet. Most calories (64%) were derived from complex carbohydrates. Total energy and carbohydrate intake increased significantly during the 5-y study, particularly in villages near market towns. Tsimane consumption of food additives (lard, oil, sugar, salt) increased significantly [sugar (15.8 g ⋅ person-1 ⋅ d-1) and oil (4.9 mL ⋅ person-1 ⋅ d-1)] between 2010 and 2015. The more-acculturated Moseten consumed substantially more sugar (by 343%) and oil (by 535%) than the Tsimane. Conclusions A high-energy diet rich in complex carbohydrates is associated with low cardiovascular disease risk when coupled with a physically active lifestyle. A transition away from a high-fiber and low-fat, low-salt, and low-processed-sugar diet is a salient health risk for transitioning populations. Evidence of a nutrition transition in Bolivia parallels trends of increasing body fat and body mass index, which suggests that a low prevalence of cardiovascular disease may not persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA,Address correspondence to TSK (e-mail: )
| | | | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Melanie Martin
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA,Address correspondence to MG (e-mail: )
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17
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Intestinal parasitism and nutritional status among indigenous children from the Argentinian Atlantic Forest: Determinants of enteroparasites infections in minority populations. Acta Trop 2018; 187:248-256. [PMID: 30125528 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal parasitoses, especially in the less favored populations of tropical and subtropical areas, are a scourge of high impact in public health. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate the prevalence of helminths and protozoa pathogens, malnutrition, and their determinants in children from indigenous Mbyá Guaraní villages of Iguazú, in the subtropical Atlantic Forest of Argentina. METHODS Parasitological assessment was performed using a combination of flotation, sedimentation, and centrifugation techniques, as well as temporal and permanent stains. Nutritional assessment was based on nutritional indicators derived from anthropometric measurements. Statistical analysis of socio-demographic determinants was assessed by Generalized Linear Mixed Models at individual, household, and village levels. RESULTS A total of 303 children from 140 families from Fortin Mbororé and Yriapú Jungle villages participated, and 87.8% of them resulted positive to at least one parasite. Multiparasitism reached 70% and children with up to six different parasites were detected. Thirteen genera were identified, of which eight were pathogenic. The most frequent soil-transmitted helminths were hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis with 60.7 and 41.9%, respectively. Enterobius vermicularis was detected in 28.4% of children. Giardia duodenalis was the main protozoan and reached the 33.3%. The prevalence of stunting and underweight were 38.9% and 6.9%, whereas for overweight and obesity were 28.1% and 12.9%, respectively. An association was observed between stunting in older children and the presence of parasites, multiparasitism, and giardiasis. Individual conditions and habits were important determinants for most of the parasitoses. CONCLUSIONS We evidenced that the community is affected by the double burden of malnutrition and parasitoses. To face this alarming situation, public policies are needed to improve sanitation, hygiene education access, community deworming programs, and quality nutrition on a regular basis of intercultural approaches.
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18
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Martin MA, Valeggia C. Timing of pubertal growth and menarche in indigenous Qom girls of Argentina. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:321-329. [PMID: 30033762 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1486455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pubertal timing is in part mediated by environmental factors, with greater energy availability often associated with earlier or more rapid development. Many indigenous populations are undergoing socioeconomic change that may affect pubertal development and related health risks, necessitating fundamental longitudinal research on growth and development in these populations. AIM Growth velocity and time to menarche among peri-urban indigenous Qom (Toba) girls in Argentina are described. SUBJECTS AND METHODS From 2011-2015, monthly anthropometrics and menstrual status were collected from 61 Qom girls aged 7-14. Growth velocity curves were generated using the 'Super-imposition by translation and rotation' (SITAR) method. Median time to menarche was estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Mean ages at peak height, weight and BMI velocity were estimated at 10.8, 10.5 and 10.7 years and median age at menarche at 11.6 years (95% CI = 11.4-11.9). At menarche, 45% of girls were overweight or obese and only one participant was short-statured by international standards. CONCLUSION Qom participants in this study exhibit relatively fast pubertal development as compared to other Latin American indigenous populations studied previously by others. Genetic and environmental factors influencing body size, diet and/or activity levels should be investigated further in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Martin
- a Department of Anthropology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Claudia Valeggia
- a Department of Anthropology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.,b Department of Anthropology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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19
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Urlacher SS, Kramer KL. Evidence for energetic tradeoffs between physical activity and childhood growth across the nutritional transition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:369. [PMID: 29321690 PMCID: PMC5762677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite broad implications for understanding human life history, energetics, and health, the impact of physical activity on childhood growth remains unclear. Particularly understudied is the effect of secular changes in physical activity on child development. We address these shortcomings using data spanning the transition from traditional to semi-developed economy among Yucatec Maya agriculturalists. Anthropometric and behavioral observation data were collected from children living in a subsistence-based rural community in 1992 and again in 2012 following the introduction of a school and mechanized technologies but minimal overt dietary change. Multiple regression analyses demonstrate dramatic twenty-year transformations in how children spent their time. This behavioral change was associated with large declines in estimated physical activity level (PAL), associated activity energy expenditure savings of several hundred kilocalories/day, and sizable increases in mean height, weight, and triceps skinfold thickness. Controlling for observed frequency of market food consumption, PAL was inversely related to child body size and subcutaneous fat stores and significantly mediated the effects of data collection year on anthropometric indices. These findings indicate that physical activity can considerably influence childhood growth, highlighting the role of energy allocation tradeoffs between physical activity and competing life tasks in shaping patterns of human ontogeny and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, CUNY Hunter College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Karen L Kramer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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20
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McKerracher L, Collard M, Altman R, Richards M, Nepomnaschy P. The ex-pat effect: presence of recent Western immigrants is associated with changes in age at first birth and birth rate in a Maya population from rural Guatemala. Ann Hum Biol 2017. [PMID: 28625087 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1343385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economic transitions expose indigenous populations to a variety of ecological and cultural challenges, especially regarding diet and stress. These kinds of challenges are predicted by evolutionary ecological theory to have fitness consequences (differential reproduction) and, indeed, are often associated with changes in fertility dynamics. It is currently unclear whether international immigration might impact the nature of such an economic transition or its consequences for fertility. AIM To examine measures of fertility, diet and stress in two economically transitioning Maya villages in Guatemala that have been differentially exposed to immigration by Westerners. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study compared Maya women's ages at first birth and birth rates between villages and investigated whether these fertility indicators changed through time. It also explored whether the villages differed in relation to diet and/or a proxy of stress. RESULTS It was found that, in the village directly impacted by immigration, first births occurred earlier, but birth rate was slower. In both villages, over the sampled time window, age at first birth increased, while birth rate decreased. The villages do not differ significantly in dietary indicators, but the immigration-affected village scored higher on the stress proxy. CONCLUSION Immigration can affect fertility in host communities. This relationship between immigration and fertility dynamics may be partly attributable to stress, but this possibility should be evaluated prospectively in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Collard
- a Department of Archaeology , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , BC , Canada.,b Department of Archaeology , University of Aberdeen, King's College , Aberdeen , Scotland
| | - Rachel Altman
- c Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , BC , Canada
| | - Michael Richards
- a Department of Archaeology , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , BC , Canada
| | - Pablo Nepomnaschy
- d Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , BC , Canada
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21
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Alfonso-Durruty MP, Valeggia CR. Growth patterns among indigenous Qom children of the Argentine Gran Chaco. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:895-904. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta P. Alfonso-Durruty
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology & Social-Work; Kansas State University; 008 Waters Hall Manhattan Kansas
| | - Claudia R. Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology; Yale University; 10 Sachem St. New Haven Connecticut
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22
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Rosinger A. Heat and hydration status: Predictors of repeated measures of urine specific gravity among Tsimane’ adults in the Bolivian Amazon. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asher Rosinger
- Department of Anthropology; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602
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23
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de la Iglesia HO, Fernández-Duque E, Golombek DA, Lanza N, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA, Valeggia CR. Access to Electric Light Is Associated with Shorter Sleep Duration in a Traditionally Hunter-Gatherer Community. J Biol Rhythms 2015. [PMID: 26092820 DOI: 10.1177/0748730415590702]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Access to electric light might have shifted the ancestral timing and duration of human sleep. To test this hypothesis, we studied two communities of the historically hunter-gatherer indigenous Toba/Qom in the Argentinean Chaco. These communities share the same ethnic and sociocultural background, but one has free access to electricity while the other relies exclusively on natural light. We fitted participants in each community with wrist activity data loggers to assess their sleep-wake cycles during one week in the summer and one week in the winter. During the summer, participants with access to electricity had a tendency to a shorter daily sleep bout (43 ± 21 min) than those living under natural light conditions. This difference was due to a later daily bedtime and sleep onset in the community with electricity, but a similar sleep offset and rise time in both communities. In the winter, participants without access to electricity slept longer (56 ± 17 min) than those with access to electricity, and this was also related to earlier bedtimes and sleep onsets than participants in the community with electricity. In both communities, daily sleep duration was longer during the winter than during the summer. Our field study supports the notion that access to inexpensive sources of artificial light and the ability to create artificially lit environments must have been key factors in reducing sleep in industrialized human societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Duque
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral, CONICET, Argentina Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Argentina
| | - Diego A Golombek
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto Lanza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia R Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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24
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de la Iglesia HO, Fernández-Duque E, Golombek DA, Lanza N, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA, Valeggia CR. Access to Electric Light Is Associated with Shorter Sleep Duration in a Traditionally Hunter-Gatherer Community. J Biol Rhythms 2015. [PMID: 26092820 DOI: 10.1177/0748730415590702].] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Access to electric light might have shifted the ancestral timing and duration of human sleep. To test this hypothesis, we studied two communities of the historically hunter-gatherer indigenous Toba/Qom in the Argentinean Chaco. These communities share the same ethnic and sociocultural background, but one has free access to electricity while the other relies exclusively on natural light. We fitted participants in each community with wrist activity data loggers to assess their sleep-wake cycles during one week in the summer and one week in the winter. During the summer, participants with access to electricity had a tendency to a shorter daily sleep bout (43 ± 21 min) than those living under natural light conditions. This difference was due to a later daily bedtime and sleep onset in the community with electricity, but a similar sleep offset and rise time in both communities. In the winter, participants without access to electricity slept longer (56 ± 17 min) than those with access to electricity, and this was also related to earlier bedtimes and sleep onsets than participants in the community with electricity. In both communities, daily sleep duration was longer during the winter than during the summer. Our field study supports the notion that access to inexpensive sources of artificial light and the ability to create artificially lit environments must have been key factors in reducing sleep in industrialized human societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Duque
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral, CONICET, Argentina Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Argentina
| | - Diego A Golombek
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto Lanza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia R Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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25
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de la Iglesia HO, Fernández-Duque E, Golombek DA, Lanza N, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA, Valeggia CR. Access to Electric Light Is Associated with Shorter Sleep Duration in a Traditionally Hunter-Gatherer Community. J Biol Rhythms 2015; 30:342-50. [PMID: 26092820 DOI: 10.1177/0748730415590702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Access to electric light might have shifted the ancestral timing and duration of human sleep. To test this hypothesis, we studied two communities of the historically hunter-gatherer indigenous Toba/Qom in the Argentinean Chaco. These communities share the same ethnic and sociocultural background, but one has free access to electricity while the other relies exclusively on natural light. We fitted participants in each community with wrist activity data loggers to assess their sleep-wake cycles during one week in the summer and one week in the winter. During the summer, participants with access to electricity had a tendency to a shorter daily sleep bout (43 ± 21 min) than those living under natural light conditions. This difference was due to a later daily bedtime and sleep onset in the community with electricity, but a similar sleep offset and rise time in both communities. In the winter, participants without access to electricity slept longer (56 ± 17 min) than those with access to electricity, and this was also related to earlier bedtimes and sleep onsets than participants in the community with electricity. In both communities, daily sleep duration was longer during the winter than during the summer. Our field study supports the notion that access to inexpensive sources of artificial light and the ability to create artificially lit environments must have been key factors in reducing sleep in industrialized human societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Duque
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral, CONICET, Argentina Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Argentina
| | - Diego A Golombek
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto Lanza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia R Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Abstract
All over Latin America, indigenous populations are rapidly changing their lifestyle. This work elaborates on the complex experience of indigenous people in transition. Poverty, discrimination, marginalization, and endurance are defining characteristics of their everyday life. Global health programs represent excellent opportunities for addressing these issues. These initiatives, however, are at risk of being short-sighted, ethnocentric, and paradigmcentric. Global health programs would be increasingly more successful if they break disciplinary boundaries and invite actors with different perspectives to a dialogue that does not emphasize biology over culture or academic over community expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Valeggia
- a Department of Anthropology , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut , USA
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27
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Lagranja ES, Phojanakong P, Navarro A, Valeggia CR. Indigenous populations in transition: an evaluation of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors among the Toba of northern Argentina. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:84-90. [PMID: 25004443 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.932008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health problems associated with rapidly changing lifestyles in indigenous populations, e.g. cardiovascular disease, are becoming a public health concern. AIM The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and analyse the metabolic conditions that define this syndrome, in an indigenous Toba community of northern Argentina. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 275 adults participated in this study. Anthropometric (BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference) and clinical measures (blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose and triglycerides) were taken. Pearson and logistic regressions were used in the statistical analysis of risk factors for metabolic syndrome by sex and by reproductive status in women. RESULTS The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 38%. Nearly a third (31%) of the population was overweight and 45% obese. Men had significantly higher blood pressure and levels of triglycerides than women, while women had higher percentages of body fat. BMI was significantly associated with most of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Menopausal women had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than women of reproductive age. CONCLUSION Metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent in this indigenous community, which places them at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sofía Lagranja
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba , Argentina
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Veile A, Martin M, McAllister L, Gurven M. Modernization is associated with intensive breastfeeding patterns in the Bolivian Amazon. Soc Sci Med 2013; 100:148-58. [PMID: 24444850 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For many traditional, non-industrialized populations, intensive and prolonged breastfeeding buffers infant health against poverty, poor sanitation, and limited health care. Due to novel influences on local economies, values, and beliefs, the traditional and largely beneficial breastfeeding patterns of such populations may be changing to the detriment of infant health. To assess if and why such changes are occurring in a traditional breastfeeding population, we document breastfeeding patterns in the Bolivian Tsimane, a forager-horticulturalist population in the early stages of modernization. Three predictions are developed and tested to evaluate the general hypothesis that modernizing influences encourage less intensive breastfeeding in the Tsimane: 1) Tsimane mothers in regions of higher infant mortality will practice more intensive BF; 2) Tsimane mothers who are located closer to a local market town will practice more intensive BF; and 3) Older Tsimane mothers will practice more intensive BF. Predictions were tested using a series of maternal interviews (from 2003 to 2011, n = 215) and observations of mother-infant dyads (from 2002 to 2007, n = 133). Tsimane breastfeeding patterns were generally intensive: 72% of mothers reported initiating BF within a few hours of birth, mean (±SD) age of CF introduction was 4.1 ± 2.0 months, and mean (±SD) weaning age was 19.2 ± 7.3 months. There was, however, intra-population variation in several dimensions of breastfeeding (initiation, frequency, duration, and complementary feeding). Contrary to our predictions, breastfeeding was most intensive in the most modernized Tsimane villages, and maternal age was not a significant predictor of breastfeeding patterns. Regional differences accounted for variation in most dimensions of breastfeeding (initiation, frequency, and complementary feeding). Future research should therefore identify constraints on breastfeeding in the less modernized Tsimane regions, and examine the formation of maternal beliefs regarding infant feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Veile
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA.
| | - Melanie Martin
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Program, Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Lisa McAllister
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Program, Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Program, Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Precursors to overnutrition: The effects of household market food expenditures on measures of body composition among Tsimane' adults in lowland Bolivia. Soc Sci Med 2013; 92:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Cardiovascular risk factors and proteinuria in Toba aborigines from Chaco, Argentina. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/kisup.2013.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Zeng W, Eisenberg DTA, Jovel KR, Undurraga EA, Nyberg C, Tanner S, Reyes-García V, Leonard WR, Castaño J, Huanca T, McDade TW, Godoy R. Adult obesity: panel study from native Amazonians. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2013; 11:227-235. [PMID: 22591954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines three morphological indicators measuring obesity among a native Amazonian population of foragers-farmers in Bolivia (Tsimane') and estimates the associations between them and standard covariates of obesity (e.g., socioeconomic status [SES]). We collected annual data from 350 non-pregnant women and 385 men ≥20 years of age from all 311 households in 13 villages during five consecutive years (2002-2006). We used three indicators to measure obesity: body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BF-BIA). We ran separate individual random-effect panel multiple regressions for women and men with wealth, acculturation, health, and household food availability as key covariates, and controlled for village and year fixed effects and village×year interaction effects. Although BMI increases by a statistically significant annual growth rate of 0.64% among women and 0.37% among men over the five years, the increase does not yield significant biological meanings. Neither do we find consistent and biologically meaningful covariates associated with adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zeng
- Heller School, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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Liebert MA, Snodgrass JJ, Madimenos FC, Cepon TJ, Blackwell AD, Sugiyama LS. Implications of market integration for cardiovascular and metabolic health among an indigenous Amazonian Ecuadorian population. Ann Hum Biol 2013; 40:228-42. [PMID: 23388068 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.759621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Market integration (MI), the suite of social and cultural changes that occur with economic development, has been associated with negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease; however, key questions remain about how this transition manifests at the local level. AIM The present paper investigates the effects of MI on health among Shuar, an indigenous lowland Ecuadorian population, with the goal of better understanding the mechanisms responsible for this health transition. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study examines associations between measures of MI and several dimensions of cardiovascular and metabolic health (fasting glucose, lipids [LDL, HDL and total cholesterol; triglycerides] and blood pressure) among 348 adults. RESULTS Overall, Shuar males and females have relatively favourable cardiovascular and metabolic health. Shuar who live closer to town have higher total (p < 0.001) and HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001), while Shuar in more remote regions have higher diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.007). HDL cholesterol is positively associated with consumption of market foods (r = 0.140; p = 0.045) and ownership of consumer products (r = 0.184; p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that MI among Shuar is not a uniformly negative process but instead produces complex cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Liebert
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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Lanza N, Valeggia C, Peláez E. The reproductive transition in an indigenous population of northern Argentina. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2013; 59:212-230. [PMID: 24215260 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2013.833784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Latin America has been registering a fast decrease in fertility rates since the mid-twentieth century. This change can be linked to the modernization process these populations have been undergoing. However, research with Latin American indigenous populations, which are undergoing relatively similar lifestyle changes, shows very different trends in fertility. The aim of this study was to analyze fertility patterns in the indigenous Toba community of Cacique Sombrero Negro, which is experiencing a rapid process of economic and social Westernization. Fertility patterns were analyzed between 1981 and 1999, the period for which the most accurate records were found. Results showed an overall increase in fertility rates and changes in the age of peak fertility across time periods. It is hypothesized that the lifestyle transition this population is experiencing leads to better access to resources that, in the absence of contraception, allow for a higher number of offspring. Nevertheless, this higher resource availability would be differential, affecting mostly the fertility of younger mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Lanza
- a CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones GeoHistóricas , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Abstract
We undertook a systematic review of studies assessing the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and measured obesity in low- and middle-income countries (defined by the World Bank as countries with per capita income up to US$12,275) among children, men and women. The evidence on the subject has grown significantly since an earlier influential review was published in 2004. We find that in low-income countries or in countries with low human development index (HDI), the association between SES and obesity appears to be positive for both men and women: the more affluent and/or those with higher educational attainment tend to be more likely to be obese. However, in middle-income countries or in countries with medium HDI, the association becomes largely mixed for men and mainly negative for women. This particular shift appears to occur at an even lower level of per capita income than suggested by an influential earlier review. By contrast, obesity in children appears to be predominantly a problem of the rich in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Dinsa
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Zonta ML, Oyhenart EE, Navone GT. Nutritional vulnerability in Mbyá-Guaraní adolescents and adults from Misiones, Argentina. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:592-600. [PMID: 21681847 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and body composition in Mbyá-Guaraní adolescents and adults from three communities in the Province of Misiones, in northern Argentina. METHODS Anthropometric parameters were analyzed in 45 individuals (aged 14-60). Data were transformed to z-scores using NHANES I and II. RESULTS Ninety-three percent of the sample showed some kind of malnutrition (undernutrition and/or excess of weight). Stunting and overweight reached the highest prevalences (85.0 and 10.0%, respectively). The most Mbyá people were found to have low arm muscle and fat areas. They also tended to have shorter than normal lower limbs. Centralized obesity was evident in both sexes and in all the age intervals. CONCLUSIONS Extreme poverty, together with changes in life habits and diet composition, resulted in decrease of body size and changes in body proportions and composition. Although these changes could be considered as an adaptive response to the chronic exposure of these populations to adverse environmental conditions, they would favor the co-occurrence of malnutrition and overweight in a single scenario, and consequently increase the risk of infectious and nontransmissible diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Zonta
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), UNLP-CCT CONICET La Plata, Argentina.
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Piperata BA, Ivanova SA, Da-gloria P, Veiga G, Polsky A, Spence JE, Murrieta RSS. Nutrition in transition: dietary patterns of rural Amazonian women during a period of economic change. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:458-69. [PMID: 21538648 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to understand the relationship between economic change (wage labor, retirement, and the Bolsa Família program) and dietary patterns in the rural Amazon and to determine the extent to which these changes followed the pattern of the nutrition transition. METHODS The study was longitudinal. The weighed-inventory method and economic interviews were used to collect data on dietary intake and household economics in a sample of 30 and 52 women in 2002 and 2009, respectively. Twenty of the women participated in both years and make-up the longitudinal sub-sample. Comparative statistics were used to identify changes in dietary patterns over time and multiple linear regressions were used to explore the relationship between economics, subsistence strategies, and diet. RESULTS There was a significant decline in kcal (P < 0.01) and carbohydrate (P < 0.01) but no change in protein intake over time in both the larger and smaller, longitudinal subsample. The percent of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat purchased increased in the larger and longitudinal samples (P ≤ 0.02) and there was an increase in refined carbohydrate and processed, fatty-meat consumption over time. The abandonment of manioc gardens was associated with increased dependence on purchased food (P = 0.03) while receipt of the Bolsa Família was associated with increased protein intake and adequacy (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The dietary changes observed are only in partial agreement with predictions of the nutrition transition literature. The relationship between the economic and diet changes was shaped by the local context which should be considered when implementing CCT programs, like the Bolsa Família.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Piperata
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA.
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