1
|
Garofoli N, Joly V, Le Pluart D, Hobson CA, Beaumont AL, Lariven S, Grall N, Para M, Yazdanpanah Y, Lescure FX, Peiffer-Smadja N, Deconinck L, Thy M. Enterococcal endocarditis management and relapses. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2024; 6:dlae033. [PMID: 38449516 PMCID: PMC10915900 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterococcus faecalis is the third micro-organism causing endocarditis and is associated with a significant relapse rate. The objective of this study was to describe the management of patients with Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis (EE) and its implication for relapses. Methods We conducted a monocentric, retrospective analysis of all patients hospitalized for EE including endocarditis or infection of cardiac implantable electronic device defined by the modified ESC 2015 Duke criteria in a referral centre in Paris, France. Results Between October 2016, and September 2022, 54 patients with EE were included, mostly men (n = 40, 74%) with a median age of 75 [68-80] years. A high risk for infective endocarditis (IE) was found in 42 patients (78%), including 14 (26%) previous histories of IE, and 32 (59%) histories of valvular cardiac surgery. The aortic valve was the most frequently affected (n = 36, 67%). Combination therapy was mainly amoxicillin-ceftriaxone during all the curative antibiotic therapy duration (n = 31, 57%). Surgery was indicated for 40 patients (74%), but only 27 (50%) were operated on, mainly due to their frailty. Among the 17 deaths (32%), six (11%) happened during the first hospitalization for EE. A suppressive antibiotic treatment was initiated in 15 (29%) patients, mostly because of not performing surgery. During the 6-year study period an EE relapse occurred in three (6%) patients. Conclusions EE is a worrying disease associated with a high risk of relapse and significant mortality. Suppressive antibiotic therapy could be a key treatment to limit the occurrence of relapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Véronique Joly
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat—Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, IAME, Paris, France
| | - Diane Le Pluart
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat—Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Amaris Hobson
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat—Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Lise Beaumont
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat—Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Lariven
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat—Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Grall
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marylou Para
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat—Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, IAME, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Lescure
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat—Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, IAME, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Peiffer-Smadja
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat—Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, IAME, Paris, France
| | - Laurène Deconinck
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat—Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michael Thy
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat—Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- EA7323, Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation in Children and Pregnant Women, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Herrera-Hidalgo L, Fernández-Rubio B, Luque-Márquez R, López-Cortés LE, Gil-Navarro MV, de Alarcón A. Treatment of Enterococcus faecalis Infective Endocarditis: A Continuing Challenge. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040704. [PMID: 37107066 PMCID: PMC10135260 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, Enterococcus faecalis is one of the main causes of infective endocarditis in the world, generally affecting an elderly and fragile population, with a high mortality rate. Enterococci are partially resistant to many commonly used antimicrobial agents such as penicillin and ampicillin, as well as high-level resistance to most cephalosporins and sometimes carbapenems, because of low-affinity penicillin-binding proteins, that lead to an unacceptable number of therapeutic failures with monotherapy. For many years, the synergistic combination of penicillins and aminoglycosides has been the cornerstone of treatment, but the emergence of strains with high resistance to aminoglycosides led to the search for new alternatives, like dual beta-lactam therapy. The development of multi-drug resistant strains of Enterococcus faecium is a matter of considerable concern due to its probable spread to E. faecalis and have necessitated the search of new guidelines with the combination of daptomycin, fosfomycin or tigecycline. Some of them have scarce clinical experience and others are still under investigation and will be analyzed in this review. In addition, the need for prolonged treatment (6–8 weeks) to avoid relapses has forced to the consideration of other viable options as outpatient parenteral strategies, long-acting administrations with the new lipoglycopeptides (dalbavancin or oritavancin), and sequential oral treatments, which will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Herrera-Hidalgo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Farmacia, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Parasitología (UCEIMP) Grupo de Resistencias Bacterianas y Antimicrobianos (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Rubio
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Farmacia, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque-Márquez
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Parasitología (UCEIMP) Grupo de Resistencias Bacterianas y Antimicrobianos (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis E. López-Cortés
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Grupo de Resistencias Bacterianas y Antimicrobianos (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/SCIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Maria V. Gil-Navarro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Farmacia, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Arístides de Alarcón
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Parasitología (UCEIMP) Grupo de Resistencias Bacterianas y Antimicrobianos (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haliga RE, Sorodoc V, Morarasu BC, Coman AE, Ceasovschih A, Sirbu O, Lionte C, Bologa C, Stoica A, Constantin M, Puha G, Petris OR, Badescu MC, Crisu D, Catana AN, Haliga IB, Sorodoc L. Native and Prosthetic Simultaneously Double Valve Infective Endocarditis with Enterococcus faecalis-Case-Based Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020300. [PMID: 36836534 PMCID: PMC9964386 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a severe infective heart disease, commonly involving native or prosthetic valves. It frequently presents with univalvular involvement and simultaneous double valve or multivalvular involvement is rarely described. The third leading cause of infective endocarditis worldwide is Enterococcus faecalis, which is associated with high mortality rates despite important advances in antimicrobial therapy. It develops secondary to enterococcal bacteremia, with its origin from the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract and predominantly affecting the elderly population with multiple comorbidities. Clinical presentation is usually less typical, and the treatment is challenging. It can be marked by antibiotic resistance, side effects, and subsequent complications. Surgical treatment can be considered if deemed appropriate. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case-based narrative review of Enterococcus faecalis double valve endocarditis involving both the aortic native and prosthetic mitral valve, highlighting the clinical characteristics, treatment, and complications of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ecaterina Haliga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Victorita Sorodoc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Bianca Codrina Morarasu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.C.M.); (A.E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Adorata Elena Coman
- Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary Team Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.C.M.); (A.E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Alexandr Ceasovschih
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.C.M.); (A.E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Oana Sirbu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Catalina Lionte
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina Bologa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Alexandra Stoica
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Mihai Constantin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela Puha
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Rusalim Petris
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Nursing Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Daniela Crisu
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Andreea Nicoleta Catana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Ioana Bianca Haliga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Sorodoc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fernández-Hidalgo N, Escolà-Vergé L, Pericàs JM. Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis: what's next? Future Microbiol 2021; 15:349-364. [PMID: 32286105 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) is a complex entity in rapid evolution. Although largely relevant findings from recent studies have advanced the knowledge on EFIE and led to some changes in clinical guidelines, there are still a number of gaps to be filled. Coordinated, international, multicenter efforts are needed to obtain quality data that rend the health systems and scientific community prepared enough to understand and handle this infection. In this Perspective, some of the most relevant aspects concerning the epidemiology, clinical presentation and outcomes, diagnostic approaches and antibiotic therapy of EFIE are addressed. Also, several potential future clinical developments in the field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Núria Fernández-Hidalgo
- Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Escolà-Vergé
- Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Pericàs
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lafuse WP, Wozniak DJ, Rajaram MVS. Role of Cardiac Macrophages on Cardiac Inflammation, Fibrosis and Tissue Repair. Cells 2020; 10:E51. [PMID: 33396359 PMCID: PMC7824389 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a pivotal role in the initiation, development and resolution of inflammation following insult or damage to organs. The heart is a vital organ which supplies nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body. Heart failure (HF) has been conventionally described as a disease associated with cardiac tissue damage caused by systemic inflammation, arrhythmia and conduction defects. Cardiac inflammation and subsequent tissue damage is orchestrated by the infiltration and activation of various immune cells including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells, natural killer cells, and T and B cells into the myocardium. After tissue injury, monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and functional changes, and function as key regulators of tissue repair, regeneration and fibrosis. Disturbance in resident macrophage functions such as uncontrolled production of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and inefficient generation of an anti-inflammatory response or unsuccessful communication between macrophages and epithelial and endothelial cells and fibroblasts can lead to aberrant repair, persistent injury, and HF. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the role of cardiac macrophages on cardiac inflammation, tissue repair, regeneration and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P. Lafuse
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (W.P.L.); (D.J.W.)
| | - Daniel J. Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (W.P.L.); (D.J.W.)
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Murugesan V. S. Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (W.P.L.); (D.J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahmoud E, Abanamy R, Bosaeed M, Elsherif Z. Successful treatment of relapsed enterococcal endocarditis with amoxicillin/clavulanate: A case report. IDCases 2020; 19:e00726. [PMID: 32140411 PMCID: PMC7044664 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus is considered to be a common cause of endocarditis with unfavorable outcomes. We report a case of successful treatment of relapsed prosthetic valve Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis with oral amoxicillin/clavulanate. Enterococcal endocarditis is associated with a high relapse rate, even with the recommended treatment duration by the guidelines. Oral therapy is increasingly considered as part of the management of such serious infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mahmoud
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abanamy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Adult Infectious Diseases Fellow, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Bosaeed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thompson MM, Hassoun A. Successful salvage treatment of native valve Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis with telavancin: two case reports. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017; 49:540-544. [PMID: 28293958 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1300318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) one-year mortality rates approach 40%. Here, we report two native valve Enterococcus faecalis IE cases in patients successfully treated with telavancin. An 88-year-old with mitral valve endocarditis and a penicillin allergy, initially treated with intravenous vancomycin, was switched to telavancin. A 69-year-old, who previously received amoxicillin and intravenous vancomycin for presumed enterococcal bacteraemia, was diagnosed with dual valve endocarditis for which he received telavancin. Both received six weeks of telavancin. Neither had telavancin-related adverse events, evidence of infection at six months, nor required telavancin dosing adjustments. Documented use of novel treatments for serious enterococcal infections is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickala M Thompson
- a Huntsville Hospital , Department of Pharmacy Services , Huntsville , AL , USA
| | - Ali Hassoun
- b Alabama Infectious Diseases Center , Huntsville , AL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martí-Carvajal AJ, Dayer M, Conterno LO, Gonzalez Garay AG, Martí-Amarista CE, Simancas-Racines D. A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 4:CD009880. [PMID: 27092951 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009880.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis is a microbial infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. Antibiotics are the cornerstone of treatment, but their use is not standardised, due to the differences in presentation, populations affected and the wide variety of micro-organisms that can be responsible. OBJECTIVES To assess the existing evidence about the clinical benefits and harms of different antibiotics regimens used to treat people with infective endocarditis. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE Classic and EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL and the Conference Proceedings Citation Index on 30 April 2015. We also searched three trials registers and handsearched the reference lists of included papers. We applied no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of antibiotic regimens for treating possible infective endocarditis diagnosed according to modified Duke's criteria. We considered all-cause mortality, cure rates and adverse events as the primary outcomes. We excluded people with possible infective endocarditis and pregnant women. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors independently performed study selection, 'Risk of bias' assessment and data extraction in duplicate. We constructed 'Summary of findings' tables and used GRADE methodology to assess the quality of studies. We described the included studies narratively. MAIN RESULTS Four small randomised controlled trials involving 728 allocated/224 analysed participants met our inclusion criteria. These trials had a high risk of bias. Drug companies sponsored two of the trials. We were unable to pool the data due to the heterogeneity in outcome definitions and the different antibiotics used.The included trials compared the following antibiotic schedules. The first trial compared quinolone (levofloxacin) plus standard treatment (anti-staphylococcal penicillin (cloxacillin or dicloxacillin), aminoglycoside (tobramycin or netilmicin) and rifampicin) versus standard treatment alone reporting uncertain effects on all-cause mortality (8/31 (26%) with levofloxacin plus standard treatment versus 9/39 (23%) with standard treatment alone; RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.49 to 2.56, very low quality evidence). The second trial compared daptomycin versus low-dose gentamicin plus an anti-staphylococcal penicillin (nafcillin, oxacillin or flucloxacillin) or vancomycin. This showed uncertain effects in terms of cure rates (9/28 (32.1%) with daptomycin versus 9/25 (36%) with low-dose gentamicin plus anti-staphylococcal penicillin or vancomycin, RR 0.89 95% CI 0.42 to 1.89; very low quality evidence). The third trial compared cloxacillin plus gentamicin with a glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin) plus gentamicin. In participants receiving gentamycin plus glycopeptide only 13/23 (56%) were cured versus 11/11 (100%) receiving cloxacillin plus gentamicin (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.85; very low quality evidence). The fourth trial compared ceftriaxone plus gentamicin versus ceftriaxone alone and found no conclusive differences in terms of cure (15/34 (44%) with ceftriaxone plus gentamicin versus 21/33 (64%) with ceftriaxone alone, RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.10; very low quality evidence).The trials reported adverse events, need for cardiac surgical interventions, uncontrolled infection and relapse of endocarditis and found no conclusive differences between comparison groups (very low quality evidence). No trials assessed septic emboli or quality of life. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Limited and very low quality evidence suggested that there were no conclusive differences between antibiotic regimens in terms of cure rates or other relevant clinical outcomes. However, because of the very low quality evidence, this needs confirmation. The conclusion of this Cochrane review was based on randomised controlled trials with high risk of bias. Accordingly, current evidence does not support or reject any regimen of antibiotic therapy for treatment of infective endocarditis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Burguer Moreira N, Nastro M, Vay C, Famiglietti Á, Rodríguez CH. [In vitro activity of ampicillin-ceftriaxone against Enterococcus faecalis isolates recovered from invasive infections]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2016; 48:57-61. [PMID: 26857425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro activity of the combination of ampicillin- ceftriaxone against 30 Enterococcus faecalis isolates recovered from invasive infections in patients admitted to Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin in the city of Buenos Aires was assessed. Ampicillin- ceftriaxone synergies were determined by microdilution in Müeller-Hinton (MH) broth with and without subinhibitory concentrations of ceftriaxone. Synergy was detected in 22/30 isolates. A decrease in both minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was observed in 14/30 isolates, whereas in 6/30 isolates the decrease was observed in the MIC value and only in the MBC value in the 2 remaining isolates. The bactericidal activity of the combination showed to be higher at low concentrations of ampicillin (< 1 μg/ml). We detected in vitro synergy using the ampicillin-ceftriaxone combination and thus, its efficacy was confirmed in the treatment of severe infections by E. faecalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Burguer Moreira
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, INFIBIOC, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Nastro
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, INFIBIOC, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vay
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, INFIBIOC, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángela Famiglietti
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, INFIBIOC, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Hernán Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, INFIBIOC, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pérez-García A, Landecho MF, Beunza JJ, Conde-Estévez D, Horcajada JP, Grau S, Gea A, Mauleón E, Sorli L, Gómez J, Terradas R, Lucena JF, Alegre F, Huerta A, Del Pozo JL. Enterococcal bloodstream infection. Design and validation of a mortality prediction rule. Int J Clin Pract 2016; 70:147-55. [PMID: 26817569 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop a prediction rule to describe the risk of death as a result of enterococcal bloodstream infection. METHODS A prediction rule was developed by analysing data collected from 122 patients diagnosed with enterococcal BSI admitted to the Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Pamplona, Spain); and validated by confirming its accuracy with the data of an external population (Hospital del Mar, Barcelona). RESULTS According to this model, independent significant predictors for the risk of death were being diabetic, have received appropriate treatment, severe prognosis of the underlying diseases, have renal failure, received solid organ transplant, malignancy, source of the bloodstream infection and be immunosuppressed. The prediction rule showed a very good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic, P = 0.93) and discrimination for both training and testing sets (area under ROC curve = 0.84 and 0.83 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The predictive rule was able to predict risk of death as a result of enterococcal bloodstream infection as well as to identify patients, who being below the threshold value, will have a low risk of death with a negative predictive value of 96%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez-García
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M F Landecho
- Internal Medicine, Division of Intermediate Care and Hospitalists Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J J Beunza
- Interdusciplinar Education, Universidad Europea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - D Conde-Estévez
- Service of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J P Horcajada
- Service of Infectious diseases, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Médiques, CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Grau
- Service of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Mauleón
- Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - L Sorli
- Service of Infectious diseases, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Médiques, CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gómez
- Depatament of Microbiology, Laboratori de Referencia de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Terradas
- Service of Evaluation and Clinical Epidemiology, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J F Lucena
- Internal Medicine, Division of Intermediate Care and Hospitalists Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - F Alegre
- Internal Medicine, Division of Intermediate Care and Hospitalists Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Huerta
- Internal Medicine, Division of Intermediate Care and Hospitalists Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J L Del Pozo
- Division of Infectious diseases, Department Clinical Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pericás JM, Zboromyrska Y, Cervera C, Castañeda X, Almela M, Garcia-de-la-Maria C, Mestres C, Falces C, Quintana E, Ninot S, Llopis J, Marco F, Moreno A, Miró JM. Enterococcal endocarditis revisited. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1215-40. [PMID: 26118390 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Enterococcus species is the third main cause of infective endocarditis (IE) worldwide, and it is gaining relevance, especially among healthcare-associated cases. Patients with enterococcal IE are older and have more comorbidities than other types of IE. Classical treatment options are limited due to the emergence of high-level aminoglycosides resistance (HLAR), vancomycin resistance and multidrug resistance in some cases. Besides, few new antimicrobial alternatives have shown real efficacy, despite some of them being recommended by major guidelines (including linezolid and daptomycin). Ampicillin plus ceftriaxone 2 g iv./12 h is a good option for Enterococcus faecalis IE caused by HLAR strains, but randomized clinical trials are essential to demonstrate its efficacy for non-HLAR EFIE and to compare it with ampicillin plus short-course gentamicin. The main mechanisms of resistance and treatment options are also reviewed for other enterococcal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Pericás
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Zboromyrska
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Cervera
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Castañeda
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Almela
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Garcia-de-la-Maria
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Mestres
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Falces
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Quintana
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Ninot
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Llopis
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Marco
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Miró
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pericas J, Cervera C, del Rio A, Moreno A, Garcia de la Maria C, Almela M, Falces C, Ninot S, Castañeda X, Armero Y, Soy D, Gatell J, Marco F, Mestres C, Miro J, The Hospital Clinic Endocarditis Study Group. Changes in the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis in Spain in the last 15 years: from ampicillin plus gentamicin to ampicillin plus ceftriaxone. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O1075-83. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Activity of daptomycin or linezolid in combination with rifampin or gentamicin against biofilm-forming Enterococcus faecalis or E. faecium in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model using simulated endocardial vegetations and an in vivo survival assay using Galleria mellonella larvae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4612-20. [PMID: 24867993 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02790-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are the third most frequent cause of infective endocarditis. A high-inoculum stationary-phase in vitro pharmacodynamic model with simulated endocardial vegetations was used to simulate the human pharmacokinetics of daptomycin at 6 or 10 mg/kg of body weight/day or linezolid at 600 mg every 12 h (q12h), alone or in combination with gentamicin at 1.3 mg/kg q12h or rifampin at 300 mg q8h or 900 mg q24h. Biofilm-forming, vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus [VRE]) strains were tested. At 24, 48, and 72 h, all daptomycin-containing regimens demonstrated significantly more activity (decline in CFU/g) than any linezolid-containing regimen against biofilm-forming E. faecalis. The addition of gentamicin to daptomycin (at 6 or 10 mg/kg) in the first 24 h significantly improved bactericidal activity. In contrast, the addition of rifampin delayed the bactericidal activity of daptomycin against E. faecalis, and the addition of rifampin antagonized the activities of all regimens against VRE at 24 h. Also, against VRE, the addition of gentamicin to linezolid at 72 h improved activity and was bactericidal. Rifampin significantly antagonized the activity of linezolid against VRE at 72 h. In in vivo Galleria mellonella survival assays, linezolid and daptomycin improved survival. Daptomycin at 10 mg/kg improved survival significantly over that with linezolid against E. faecalis. The addition of gentamicin improved the efficacy of daptomycin against E. faecalis and those of linezolid and daptomycin against VRE. We conclude that in enterococcal infection models, daptomycin has more activity than linezolid alone. Against biofilm-forming E. faecalis, the addition of gentamicin in the first 24 h causes the most rapid decline in CFU/g. Of interest, the addition of rifampin decreased the activity of daptomycin against both E. faecalis and VRE.
Collapse
|
14
|
Carrasco-Chinchilla F, Sánchez-Espín G, Ruiz-Morales J, Rodríguez–Bailón I, Melero–Tejedor JM, Ivanova–Georgieva R, García–López V, Muñoz–García A, Gómez–Doblas JJ, de Teresa–Galván E. Influencia de una estrategia de alerta multidisciplinaria en la mortalidad por endocarditis infecciosa izquierda. Rev Esp Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
15
|
Carrasco-Chinchilla F, Sánchez-Espín G, Ruiz-Morales J, Rodríguez-Bailón I, Melero-Tejedor JM, Ivanova-Georgieva R, García-López V, Muñoz-García A, Gómez-Doblas JJ, de Teresa-Galván E. Influence of a multidisciplinary alert strategy on mortality due to left-sided infective endocarditis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:380-6. [PMID: 24774731 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Mortality from left-sided infective endocarditis remains very high. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary alert strategy (AMULTEI), based on clinical, echocardiographic and microbiological findings, implemented in 2008 in a tertiary hospital. METHODS Cohort study comparing our historical data series (1996-2007) with the number of patients diagnosed with left-sided endocarditis from 2008-2011 (AMULTEI). RESULTS The AMULTEI cohort included 72 patients who were compared with 155 patients in the historical cohort. AMULTEI patients were significantly older (62.5 vs 57.9 years in the historical cohort; P=.047) and had higher comorbidity (Charlson index, 3.33 vs 2.58 in the historical cohort; P=.023). There was also a trend toward more enterococcal etiology in the AMULTEI group (20.8% vs 11.6% in the historical cohort; P=.067). In the AMULTEI group, early surgery was more frequently performed (48.6% vs 23.2%; P<.001) during hospitalization, the incidence of septic shock was significantly lower (9.7% vs 24.5%; P=.009) and there was a trend toward reductions in neurological complications (19.4% vs 29.0%; P=.25) and severe heart failure (12.5% vs 18.7%; P=.24). In-hospital mortality and mortality during the first month of follow-up were significantly lower in the AMULTEI group (16.7% vs 36.1%; P=.003). CONCLUSIONS Despite the trend toward older age and more comorbidity measured by the Charlson index, early mortality was significantly lower in patients treated with the AMULTEI strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Sánchez-Espín
- Unidad del Corazón, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Josefa Ruiz-Morales
- Unidad de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Melero-Tejedor
- Unidad del Corazón, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Victoria García-López
- Unidad de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-García
- Unidad del Corazón, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Gómez-Doblas
- Unidad del Corazón, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dahl A, Bruun NE. Enterococcus faecalisinfective endocarditis: focus on clinical aspects. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:1247-57. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2013.832482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
17
|
Chirouze C, Athan E, Alla F, Chu V, Ralph Corey G, Selton-Suty C, Erpelding ML, Miro J, Olaison L, Hoen B. Enterococcal endocarditis in the beginning of the 21st century: analysis from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 19:1140-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Dahl A, Rasmussen RV, Bundgaard H, Hassager C, Bruun LE, Lauridsen TK, Moser C, Sogaard P, Arpi M, Bruun NE. Enterococcus faecalis
Infective Endocarditis. Circulation 2013; 127:1810-7. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.001170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Because of the nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides, the Danish guidelines on infective endocarditis were changed in January 2007, reducing gentamicin treatment in enterococcal infective endocarditis from 4 to 6 weeks to only 2 weeks. In this pilot study, we compare outcomes in patients with
Enterococcus faecalis
infective endocarditis treated in the years before and after endorsement of these new recommendations.
Methods and Results—
A total of 84 consecutive patients admitted with definite left-sided
E faecalis
endocarditis in the period of 2002 to 2011 were enrolled. Forty-one patients were treated before and 43 patients were treated after January 1, 2007. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. At hospitalization, the 2 groups had similar estimated glomerular filtration rates of 66 and 75 mL/min (
P
=0.22). Patients treated before January 2007 received gentamicin for a significantly longer period (28 versus 14 days;
P
<0.001). The primary outcome, 1-year event-free survival, did not differ: 66% versus 69%, respectively (
P
=0.75). At discharge, the patients treated before 2007 had a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (45 versus 66 mL/min;
P
=0.008) and a significantly greater decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (median, 11 versus 1 mL/min;
P
=0.009) compared with those treated after 2007.
Conclusions—
Our present pilot study suggests that the recommended 2-week treatment with gentamicin seems adequate and preferable in treating non–high-level aminoglycoside-resistant
E faecalis
infective endocarditis. The longer duration of gentamicin treatment is associated with worse renal function. Although the certainty of the clinical outcomes is limited by the sample size, outcomes appear to be no worse with the shorter treatment duration. Randomized, controlled studies are warranted to substantiate these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Dahl
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Rasmus V. Rasmussen
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Louise E. Bruun
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Trine K. Lauridsen
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Peter Sogaard
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Magnus Arpi
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Niels E. Bruun
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fernández-Hidalgo N, Almirante B, Gavaldà J, Gurgui M, Peña C, de Alarcón A, Ruiz J, Vilacosta I, Montejo M, Vallejo N, López-Medrano F, Plata A, López J, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Gálvez J, Sáez C, Lomas JM, Falcone M, de la Torre J, Martínez-Lacasa X, Pahissa A. Ampicillin Plus Ceftriaxone Is as Effective as Ampicillin Plus Gentamicin for TreatingEnterococcus faecalisInfective Endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56:1261-8. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
20
|
Martí-Carvajal AJ, Conterno LO, Hidalgo R, Kwong JSW, Georgoulas P, Salanti G. Antibiotic therapy for treatment of infective endocarditis. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|