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Alhajj N, O'Reilly NJ, Cathcart H. Developing ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation: A story of challenges and rational design in the treatment of cystic fibrosis lung infection. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121388. [PMID: 34923051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited multisystem disease affecting the lung which leads to a progressive decline in lung function as a result of malfunctioning mucociliary clearance and subsequent chronic bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant cause of lung infection in CF patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, antibiotic therapy remains the cornerstone of the treatment of CF. Pulmonary delivery of antibiotics for lung infections significantly reduces the required dose and the associated systemic side effects while improving therapeutic outcomes. Ciprofloxacin is one of the most widely used antibiotics against P. aeruginosa and the most effective fluoroquinolone. However, in spite of the substantial amount of research aimed at developing ciprofloxacin powder for inhalation, none of these formulations has been commercialized. Here, we present an integrated view of the diverse challenges associated with delivering ciprofloxacin dry particles to the lungs of CF patients and the rationales behind recent formulations of ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation. This review will discuss the challenges in developing ciprofloxacin powder for inhalation along with the physiological and pathophysiological challenges such as ciprofloxacin lung permeability, overproduction of viscous mucus and bacterial biofilms. The review will also discuss the current and emerging particle engineering approaches to overcoming these challenges. By doing so, we believe the review will help the reader to understand the current limitations in developing an inhalable ciprofloxacin powder and explore new opportunities of rational design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Alhajj
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
| | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland; SSPC - The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Helen Cathcart
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Donadio MVF, Campos NE, Vendrusculo FM, Stofella AM, Almeida ACDS, Ziegler B, Schivinski CIS, Santuzzi CH, Sarges EDSNF, Gonçalves FM, Ribeiro MÂGDO, Santana NN, de Paiva SB, de Godoy VCWP, Aquino EDS. Respiratory physical therapy techniques recommended for patients with cystic fibrosis treated in specialized centers. Braz J Phys Ther 2019; 24:532-538. [PMID: 31810864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory therapy is a part of the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, there is no information about the main factors influencing the recommendation of the use of different techniques or devices by physical therapists from different specialized centers. OBJECTIVE To determine the respiratory therapy techniques recommended for the treatment of patients with CF seen in specialized treatment centers in Brazil. METHODS This is a descriptive study including a sample of Brazilian CF specialized treatment centers. Data on demographics, spirometric variables, and recommended respiratory therapy treatment techniques were collected. RESULTS Twelve specialized treatment centers with a total of 974 patients were included (13.5±11.3 years old and FEV1 (%) 75.7±27.9). The most recommended techniques were huffing (61.1% of patients), high frequency oral oscillation (HFOO) (52.0%), and positive expiratory pressure (PEP) (45.3%). Most often, recommendation was to perform treatment once (54.8% of patients) or twice (34%) a day. There was great variability in the recommendation among the different states. When data were separated by age, there was a predominance of performing conventional and manual techniques in infants and preschool children. There were no significant variations according to pulmonary function. Based on the literature, techniques based on volume, huffing, and PEP were most prevalently performed in international centers. CONCLUSION The most recommended treatment techniques for patients with CF in Brazil are huffing, HFOO, and PEP, followed by volume-based techniques. There were geographical variations in the preferred treatment techniques, as well as based on patient age, but not based on the level of pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Natália Evangelista Campos
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Vendrusculo
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Ziegler
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nelbe Nesi Santana
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF/Fiocruz), Rio de janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Evanirso da Silva Aquino
- Department of Biological Science and Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUCMG), Campus Betim, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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da Costa Capizzani CP, Caçador NC, Torres LAGMM, Tonani L, Vandamme P, da Costa Darini AL. Clinical and microbiological profile of chronic Burkholderia cepacia complex infections in a cystic fibrosis reference hospital in Brazil. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:2263-2271. [PMID: 28840370 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia sp. infections are extremely complex in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, especially considering the lack of knowledge regarding its behavior, its relationship with prognosis, as well as its transmissibility and multidrug resistance features. This study evaluated the frequency of chronic infection by Burkholderia, using microbiological and clinical data. Ninety-eight patients with CF attended from July 2011 to April 2014 in a Brazilian reference hospital were included. Antimicrobial activity, molecular epidemiology, Shwachman score, body mass index, exacerbations, and lung function were analyzed. Nine patients had chronic colonization, and all of them showed preserved pulmonary function levels, body mass index, and Shwachman score. Meropenem was the most effective antibiotic; however, divergent results were shown by other studies. Cross-contamination may have occurred in only two unrelated patients of different ages, who were colonized by B. vietnamiensis, which does not occur frequently. Twelve new sequence types (STs) were identified and three STs have presented intercontinental distribution. None of the patients presented known epidemic strains. In conclusion, a relatively low number of patients with chronic colonization and suspected cross-infection were identified. Different from other studies that have found CF patients chronically colonized with Burkholderia sp. having a greater deterioration of lung function, more frequent antibiotic therapy, and increased mortality, in the current study, the patients showed good clinical outcomes and favorable options for antibiotics therapy. This study also updated the epidemiological database, which facilitates the multicentric collaborative analysis and assists in the control of global infection by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P da Costa Capizzani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - N C Caçador
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L A G M M Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Cystic Fibrosis Referral Service, Clinic Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L Tonani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - P Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A L da Costa Darini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Folescu TW, da Costa CH, Cohen RWF, da Conceição Neto OC, Albano RM, Marques EA. Burkholderia cepacia complex: clinical course in cystic fibrosis patients. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:158. [PMID: 26642758 PMCID: PMC4672471 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary deterioration after B.cepacia complex (BCC) colonization has a heterogeneous pattern. The aim was to investigate the clinical outcome of BCC colonization in CF patients chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa. Methods CF patients chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa were divided into three groups: intermittent (I), chronic (II) and no colonization (III) with BCC. Body mass index (BMI) percentile and spirometric parameters were analyzed at three different times in each group. Results Fifty-six patients chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa were included. Of these, 27 also had evidence of BCC colonization (13 intermittent and 14 chronic). BMI percentile was significantly lower among patients chronically colonized by both P. aeruginosa and BCC. Mean values of FEV1 and FVC % were also significantly lower in these patients, both at the time of chronic BCC colonization and 24 months forward. Conclusions Chronic BCC colonization is associated with significant loss of lung function. Lower BMI might be a risk factor for chronic BCC colonization, preceding these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Wrobel Folescu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Instituto Fernandes Figueira (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde), Av. Rui Barbosa, 716, 2nd floor, Flamengo, Zip Code: 22250-020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Henrique da Costa
- Department of Pulmonology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Renata Wrobel Folescu Cohen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Instituto Fernandes Figueira (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde), Av. Rui Barbosa, 716, 2nd floor, Flamengo, Zip Code: 22250-020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Rodolpho Mattos Albano
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Elizabeth Andrade Marques
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Gautam V, Shafiq N, Singh M, Ray P, Singhal L, Jaiswal NP, Prasad A, Singh S, Agarwal A. Clinical and in vitro evidence for the antimicrobial therapy in Burkholderia cepacia complex infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:629-63. [PMID: 25772031 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1025056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of infections caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients poses a complex problem. Bcc is multidrug-resistant due to innate and acquired mechanisms of resistance. As CF patients receive multiple courses of antibiotics, susceptibility patterns of strains from CF patients may differ from those noted in strains from non-CF patients. Thus, there was a need for assessing in vitro and clinical data to guide antimicrobial therapy in these patients. A systematic search of literature, followed by extraction and analysis of available information from human and in vitro studies was done. The results of the analysis are used to address various aspects like use of antimicrobials for pulmonary and non-pulmonary infections, use of combination versus monotherapy, early eradication, duration of therapy, route of administration, management of biofilms, development of resistance during therapy, pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics correlations, therapy in post-transplant patients and newer drugs in Bcc-infected CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Gautam
- Deparatment of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160022, India
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Rajkumari N, Mathur P, Gupta AK, Sharma K, Misra MC. Epidemiology and outcomes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia infections among trauma patients of India: a five year experience. J Infect Prev 2014; 16:103-110. [PMID: 28989412 DOI: 10.1177/1757177414558437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections by uncommon non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria are on the rise, but little is known about the risk factors and drug resistance in trauma patients in India. This study explored the infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and/or Burkholderia cepacia in trauma patients over a period of 5 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients admitted for trauma care with S. maltophilia and/or B. cepacia isolated from clinical specimens were enrolled. Characteristics regarding the strain isolation, drug sensitivity pattern, multidrug resistance (MDR), patient, outcomes, and differentiation of true infection from colonisation were observed. RESULTS Of the total 233 isolates, 102 were S. maltophilia and 131 were B. cepacia; 4.3% were responsible for polymicrobial infections with other bacteria. There were more B. cepacia MDR isolates than S. maltophilia. Maximum resistance was found to tetracycline (86.7%) and tobramycin (86.7%) in B. cepacia and to co-trimoxazole (68.7%) in S. maltophilia. Of these, 21 (16.03%) had a fatal outcome and the remaining 111 (84.7%) were discharged healthy. The in-hospital mortality rate associated with B. cepacia was much (16%) higher than S. maltophilia (13%) at this centre. CONCLUSION The analysis of epidemiology and outcome of these infections will help to inform their management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonika Rajkumari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (Microbiology Division), Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Purva Mathur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - Amit K Gupta
- Hospital Infection Control Unit, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumkum Sharma
- Hospital Infection Control Unit, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahesh C Misra
- Department of Surgery, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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