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Khan IU, Aqsa A, Jamil Y, Khan N, Iqbal A, Ali S, Hamayun M, Alrefaei AF, Faraj TK, Lee B, Ahmad A. Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Apoptotic Oligosaccharides from Pichia pastoris-Fermented Cress Polysaccharides Ameliorate Chromium-Induced Liver Toxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:958. [PMID: 39065806 PMCID: PMC11280323 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress impairs the structure and function of the cell, leading to serious chronic diseases. Antioxidant-based therapeutic and nutritional interventions are usually employed for combating oxidative stress-related disorders, including apoptosis. Here, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of oligosaccharides, produced through Pichia pastoris-mediated fermentation of water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from Lepidium sativum (cress) seed mucilage, on chromium(VI)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), using Bio-Gel P-10 column, of the oligosaccharides product of fermentation revealed that P. pastoris effectively fermented polysaccharides as no long chain polysaccharides were observed. At 200 µg/mL, fractions DF73, DF53, DF72, and DF62 exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity of 92.22 ± 2.69%, 90.35 ± 0.43%, 88.83 ± 3.36%, and 88.83 ± 3.36%, respectively. The antioxidant potential of the fermentation product was further confirmed through in vitro H2O2 radical scavenging assay. Among the screened samples, the highest H2O2 radical scavenging activity was displayed by DF73, which stabilized the free radicals by 88.83 ± 0.38%, followed by DF53 (86.48 ± 0.83%), DF62 (85.21 ± 6.66%), DF72 (79.9 4± 1.21%), and EPP (77.76 ± 0.53%). The oligosaccharide treatment significantly alleviated chromium-induced liver damage, as evident from the increase in weight gain, improved liver functions, and reduced histopathological alterations in the albino mice. A distinctly increased level of lipid peroxide (LPO) free radicals along with the endogenous hepatic enzymes were evident in chromium induced hepatotoxicity in mice. However, oligosaccharides treatment mitigated these effects by reducing the LPO production and increasing ALT, ALP, and AST levels, probably due to relieving the oxidative stress. DNA fragmentation assays illustrated that Cr(VI) exposure induced massive apoptosis in liver by damaging the DNA which was then remediated by oligosaccharides supplementation. Histopathological observations confirmed that the oligosaccharide treatment reverses the architectural changes in liver induced by chromium. These results suggest that oligosaccharides obtained from cress seed mucilage polysaccharides through P. pastoris fermentation ameliorate the oxidative stress and apoptosis and act as hepatoprotective agent against chromium-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imdad Ullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (Y.J.); (N.K.)
| | - Aqsa Aqsa
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (Y.J.); (N.K.)
| | - Yusra Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (Y.J.); (N.K.)
| | - Naveed Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (Y.J.); (N.K.)
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | | | - Turki Kh. Faraj
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 145111, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bokyung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayaz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (Y.J.); (N.K.)
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Bakar B, Birhanlı E, Ulu A, Boran F, Yeşilada Ö, Ateş B. Immobilization of Trametes trogii laccase on polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated magnetic nanoparticles for biocatalytic degradation of textile dyes. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2023.2173006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Emre Birhanlı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Biotechnology Research Laboratory, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ulu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Boran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Biotechnology Research Laboratory, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Özfer Yeşilada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Biotechnology Research Laboratory, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Burhan Ateş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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Long J, Ye Z, Li X, Tian Y, Bai Y, Chen L, Qiu C, Xie Z, Jin Z, Svensson B. Enzymatic preparation and potential applications of agar oligosaccharides: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5818-5834. [PMID: 36547517 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2158452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides derived from agar, that is, agarooligosaccharides and neoagarooligosaccharides, have demonstrated various kinds of bioactivities which have been utilized in a variety of fields. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a feasible approach that principally allows for obtaining specific agar oligosaccharides in a sustainable way at an industrial scale. This review summarizes recent technologies employed to improve the properties of agarase. Additionally, the relationship between the degree of polymerization, bioactivities, and potential applications of agar-derived oligosaccharides for pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and agricultural industries are discussed. Engineered agarase exhibited general improvement of enzymatic performance, which is mostly achieved by truncation. Rational and semi-rational design assisted by computational methods present the latest strategy for agarase improvement with greatest potential to satisfy future industrial needs. Agarase immobilized on magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles via covalent bond formation showed characteristics well suited for industry. Additionally, albeit with the relationship between the degree of polymerization and versatile bioactivities like anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial agents, prebiotics and in skin care of agar-derived oligosaccharides are discussed here, further researches are still needed to unravel the complicated relationship between bioactivity and structure of the different oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ziying Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingfei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaoqi Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Long Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengjun Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Liu X, Li X, Bai Y, Zhou X, Chen L, Qiu C, Lu C, Jin Z, Long J, Xie Z. Enhanced Stability of β-Agarase Immobilized on Streptavidin-Coated Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles: Effect of Biotin Linker Length. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Xingfei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Long Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Zhengjun Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
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Zhang M, Wang J, Zeng R, Wang D, Wang W, Tong X, Qu W. Agarose-Degrading Characteristics of a Deep-Sea Bacterium Vibrio Natriegens WPAGA4 and Its Cold-Adapted GH50 Agarase Aga3420. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:692. [PMID: 36355015 PMCID: PMC9698624 DOI: 10.3390/md20110692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Up until now, the characterizations of GH50 agarases from Vibrio species have rarely been reported compared to GH16 agarases. In this study, a deep-sea strain, WPAGA4, was isolated and identified as Vibrio natriegens due to the maximum similarity of its 16S rRNA gene sequence, the values of its average nucleotide identity, and through digital DNA-DNA hybridization. Two circular chromosomes in V. natriegens WPAGA4 were assembled. A total of 4561 coding genes, 37 rRNA, 131 tRNA, and 59 other non-coding RNA genes were predicted in the genome of V. natriegens WPAGA4. An agarase gene belonging to the GH50 family was annotated in the genome sequence and expressed in E. coli cells. The optimum temperature and pH of the recombinant Aga3420 (rAga3420) were 40 °C and 7.0, respectively. Neoagarobiose (NA2) was the only product during the degradation process of agarose by rAga3420. rAga3420 had a favorable stability following incubation at 10-30 °C for 50 min. The Km, Vmax, and kcat values of rAga3420 were 2.8 mg/mL, 78.1 U/mg, and 376.9 s-1, respectively. rAga3420 displayed cold-adapted properties as 59.7% and 41.2% of the relative activity remained at 10 3 °C and 0 °C, respectively. This property ensured V. natriegens WPAGA4 could degrade and metabolize the agarose in cold deep-sea environments and enables rAga3420 to be an appropriate industrial enzyme for NA2 production, with industrial potential in medical and cosmetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Runying Zeng
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Dingquan Wang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Xiufang Tong
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Wu Qu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
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Magnetic particles for enzyme immobilization: A versatile support for ligand screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114286. [PMID: 34358814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme inhibitors represent a substantial fraction of all small molecules currently in clinical use. Therefore, the early stage of drug-discovery process and development efforts are focused on the identification of new enzyme inhibitors through screening assays. The use of immobilized enzymes on solid supports to probe ligand-enzyme interactions have been employed with success not only to identify and characterize but also to isolate new ligands from complex mixtures. Between the available solid supports, magnetic particles have emerged as a promising support for enzyme immobilization due to the high superficial area, easy separation from the reaction medium and versatility. Particularly, the ligand fishing assay has been employed as a very useful tool to rapidly isolate bioactive compounds from complex mixtures, and hence the use of magnetic particles for enzyme immobilization has been widespread. Thus, this review provides a critical overview of the screening assays using immobilized enzymes on magnetic particles between 2006 and 2021.
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Chen X, Fu X, Huang L, Xu J, Gao X. Agar oligosaccharides: A review of preparation, structures, bioactivities and application. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 265:118076. [PMID: 33966840 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Agar, a gelatinous polysaccharide which is in the cell wall of many red algae, is widely used as food and gelling agent. Agar oligosaccharides (AOs), the hydrolysate of agar, show much more kinds of bio-activities because of its lower molecular weight, better water solubility and higher absorption efficiency. It is indicated that AOs with different structure and degree of polymerization, i.e. series of agaro-oligosaccharides and neoagaro-oligosaccharides, can be obtained under different preparation conditions. In addition, the biological activities of AOs are diversely and closely correlated to the composition and structure. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the preparation, structural characteristics and bio-activities of AOs, so as to provide a reference for applications of AOs as marine natural products in pharmacological, cosmetics and nutraceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Luqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization of Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Chen R, Huang WC, Wang W, Mao X. Characterization of TEMPO-oxidized chitin nanofibers with various oxidation times and its application as an enzyme immobilization support. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:85-93. [PMID: 37073388 PMCID: PMC10064359 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitin nanofibers have recently received increased attention and are considered to be a promising material for a wide range of applications because of their excellent characteristics. In this study, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized chitin nanofibers (CNFs) with various oxidation times were prepared and characterized. CNFs with different oxidation times were then utilized for enzyme immobilization, using chymotrypsin as a model enzyme. The effects of oxidation time on enzyme immobilization were explored. Results showed characteristics of chitin nanofibers can be controlled by adjusting oxidation time. CNFs treated with TEMPO for 360 min showed the lowest crystallinity (79.13 ± 1.43%), the shortest length (241.70 ± 74.61 nm), the largest width (12.67 ± 3.43 nm), and the highest transmittance (73.01% at 800 nm). The activity of immobilized enzymes and enzyme loading showed good correlation to the carboxylate content of CNFs. The enzyme efficiency based on CNFs and the content of carboxylate groups peaked at the oxidization time of 60 min. When the additional amount of chymotrypsins (CTs) was 500 or 2000 mg/g carrier, the highest loading amount of CTs was 307.17 ± 4.08 or 726.82 ± 12.05 mg/g carrier, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wen-Can Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200 China
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Zhu Z, Xiang M, Shan L, He T, Zhang P. Effect of temperature on methylene blue removal with novel 2D-Magnetism titanium carbide. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.120989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Zhang YH, Song XN, Lin Y, Xiao Q, Du XP, Chen YH, Xiao AF. Antioxidant capacity and prebiotic effects of Gracilaria neoagaro oligosaccharides prepared by agarase hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:177-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Xiao Q, Liu C, Ni H, Zhu Y, Jiang Z, Xiao A. β-Agarase immobilized on tannic acid-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles for efficient preparation of bioactive neoagaro-oligosaccharide. Food Chem 2019; 272:586-595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Veerakumar S, Manian RP. Recombinant β-agarases: insights into molecular, biochemical, and physiochemical characteristics. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:445. [PMID: 30333947 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Agarases (agarose 4-glycanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.81) are class of enzymes that belong to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family capable of hydrolyzing agar. Their classification depends on hydrolysis pattern and product formation. Among all the agarases, β-agarases and the oligosaccharides formed by its action have fascinated quite a lot of industries. Ample of β-agarase genes have been endowed from marine sources such as algae, sea water, and marine sediments, and the expression of these genes into suitable host gives rise to recombinant β-agarases. These recombinant β-agarases have wide range of industrial applications due to its improved catalytic efficiency and stability in tough environments with ease of production on large scale. In this review, we have perused different types of recombinant β-agarases in consort with their molecular, physiochemical, and kinetic properties in detail and the significant features of those agarases are spotlighted. From the literature reviewed after 2010, we have found that the recombinant β-agarases belonged to the families GH16, GH39, GH50, GH86, and GH118. Among that, GH39, GH50, and GH86 belonged to clan GH-A, while the GH16 family belonged to clan GH-B. It was observed that GH16 is the largest polyspecific glycoside hydrolase family with ample number of β-agarases and the families GH50 and GH118 were found to be monospecific with only β-agarase activity. And, out of 84 non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), only CBM6 and CBM13 were professed in β-agarases. We witnessed a larger heterogeneity in molecular, physiochemical, and catalytic characteristics of the recombinant β-agarases including molecular mass: 32-132 kDa, optimum pH: 4.5-9, optimum temperature 16-60 °C, K M: 0.68-59.8 mg/ml, and V max: 0.781-11,400 U/mg. Owing to this extensive range of heterogeneity, they have lion's share in the multibillion dollar enzyme market. This review provides a holistic insight to a few aspects of recombinant β-agarases which can be referred by the upcoming explorers to this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneeha Veerakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014 India
| | - Ramesh Pathy Manian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014 India
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Oligosaccharides Derived from Red Seaweed: Production, Properties, and Potential Health and Cosmetic Applications. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102451. [PMID: 30257445 PMCID: PMC6222765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their potential use as functional ingredients in human nutrition, oligosaccharides derived from natural sources are receiving paramount consideration. Red seaweed, a proven rich source of agar and carrageenan, is one of the most abundantly present sources of such oligosaccharides. Agaro-oligosaccharides (AOS) and carrageenan-oligosaccharides (COS) are produced from agar and carrageenan, respectively, through chemical and enzymatic hydrolyses. Enzymatic hydrolysis of agar and carrageenan into oligosaccharides is preferred in industrial production because of certain problems associated with chemical hydrolysis, including the release of high amounts of monosaccharides and undesirable toxic products, such as furfural. AOS and COS possess many biological activities, including prebiotic, immuno-modulatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor activities. These activities are related to their chemical structure, molecular weight, degree of polymerization, and the flexibility of the glycosidic linkages. Therefore, the structure–function relationship and the mechanisms occurring during the specific biological applications of AOS and COS are discussed herein. Moreover, the chromatographic separation, purification, and characterization of AOS and COS are also part of this review. This piece of writing strives to create a new perspective on the potential applications of AOS and COS in the functional food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Wang Q, Sun J, Liu Z, Huang W, Xue C, Mao X. Coimmobilization of β-Agarase and α-Neoagarobiose Hydrolase for Enhancing the Production of 3,6-Anhydro-l-galactose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7087-7095. [PMID: 29893561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a simple and efficient method to produce 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose (l-AHG) and agarotriose (AO3) in one step by a multienzyme system with the coimmobilized β-agarase AgWH50B and α-neoagarobiose hydrolase K134D. K134D was obtained by AgaWH117 mutagenesis and showed improved thermal stability when immobilized via covalent bonds on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. The obtained multienzyme biocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Compared with free agarases, the coimmobilized agarases exhibited a relatively higher agarose-to-l-AHG conversion efficiency. The yield of l-AHG obtained with the coimmobilized agarases was 40.6%, which was 6.5% higher than that obtained with free agarases. After eight cycles, the multienzyme biocatalyst still preserved 46.4% of the initial activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report where two different agarases were coimmobilized. These results demonstrated the feasibility of the new method to fabricate a new multienzyme system onto magnetic nanoparticles via covalent bonds to produce l-AHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Wencan Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Shen S, Wu D. Progress of recyclable magnetic particles for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:366-380. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The preparation, types, recycling methods, biomedical applications and outlook of recyclable magnetic particles have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Shihong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Daocheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- P. R. China
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