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Gan YL, Lin WJ, Fang YC, Tang CY, Lee YH, Jeng CJ. FKBP51 is involved in LPS-induced microglial activation via NF-κB signaling to mediate neuroinflammation. Life Sci 2024; 351:122867. [PMID: 38914303 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS FKBP5 encodes FKBP51, which has been implicated in stress-related psychiatric disorders, and its expression is often increased under chronic stress, contributing to mental dysfunctions. However, the precise role of FKBP51 in brain inflammation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of FKBP51 in microglia-mediated inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. MAIN METHODS We employed a peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration model to compare microglial activation and cytokine gene expression between Fkbp5 knockout (Fkbp5-KO) and wild-type (WT) male mice. Additionally, we used both BV2 and primary microglia in vitro to examine how Fkbp5 deletion influenced inflammation-related pathways and microglial functions. KEY FINDINGS This study revealed that systemic LPS-induced microglial activation was significantly attenuated in Fkbp5-KO mice compared with WT mice. In Fkbp5-KO mice following the LPS challenge, there was a notable decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, coupled with an increase in the anti-inflammatory gene Arg1. Furthermore, Fkbp5 knockdown in BV2 microglial cells led to reduced expression of LPS-induced inflammatory markers, and targeted inhibition of NF-κB activation, while Akt signaling remained unaffected. Similar results were observed in Fkbp5-KO primary microglia, which exhibited not only decreased microglial activation but also a significant reduction in phagocytic activity in response to LPS stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the critical role of FKBP51 in LPS-induced microglial activation and neuroinflammation. It shows that reducing FKBP51 levels attenuates inflammation through NF-κB signaling in microglia. This suggests that FKBP51 is a potential target for alleviating neuroinflammation-induced stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Gan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Lin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Fang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Tang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Jiuan Jeng
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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2
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Li A, Bao J, Gao S, He Y, Nie X, Hosyanto FF, He X, Li T, Xu L. MicroRNA hsa-miR-320a-3p and Its Targeted mRNA FKBP5 Were Differentially Expressed in Patients with HIV/TB Co-Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1742-1753. [PMID: 37624586 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Among the PLWH (people living with HIV) population, the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) is increasing. Active TB also accelerates the deterioration of PLWH's immune function and is one of the leading causes of death in the PLWH population. So far, accurate diagnosis of active TB in the PLWH population remains challenging. Through data analysis of HIV/TB co-infection in the GEO database, the differentially expressed genes as well as their related microRNA (miRNA) were acquired and were further verified through clinical blood samples. Dual-luciferase assay was used to verify the mechanism of miRNA on mRNA. The enrichment of immune cells in database patient samples was analyzed by bioinformatics and finally verified by blood routine data. Our study found that FKBP5 (FK506 binding protein 5) was highly expressed in the HIV/TB co-infection group; hsa-miR-320a-3p was highly expressed in the HIV infection group but decreased in the HIV/TB co-infection group. Dual-luciferase assay results showed that hsa-miR-320a-3p mimics significantly reduced the relative luciferase activity of the WT-FKBP5 group; however, this phenomenon was not observed in the MUT-FKBP5 group. At the same time, as a key molecule of the immune-related pathway, FKBP5 is highly correlated with the amount of neutrophils, which provides a new suggestion for the treatment of the HIV/TB co-infection population. Our study found that hsa-miR-320a-3p can decrease FKBP5 expression, suggesting a potential regulatory role for FKBP5. The involvement of FKBP5 and its related molecule hsa-miR-320a-3p in HIV/TB co-infection proposes them as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of active TB in the PLWH population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlong Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiajia Bao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Hospital-Acquired Infection Control Department, First People's Hospital of Jintang County, Chengdu 610400, China
| | - Sijia Gao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying He
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Xiaoping Nie
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing 400036, China
| | | | - Xintong He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tongxin Li
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Cugliari G. FKBP5, a Modulator of Stress Responses Involved in Malignant Mesothelioma: The Link between Stress and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098183. [PMID: 37175892 PMCID: PMC10179631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumour characterized by a long latency period after asbestos exposure and poor survival [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cugliari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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4
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Venuta A, Nasso R, Gisonna A, Iuliano R, Montesarchio S, Acampora V, Sepe L, Avagliano A, Arcone R, Arcucci A, Ruocco MR. Celecoxib, a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, Exerts a Toxic Effect on Human Melanoma Cells Grown as 2D and 3D Cell Cultures. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041067. [PMID: 37109596 PMCID: PMC10141119 DOI: 10.3390/life13041067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) remains one of the leading causes of tumor mortality due to its high metastatic spread. CM growth is influenced by inflammation regulated by prostaglandins (PGs) whose synthesis is catalyzed by cyclooxygenases (COXs). COX inhibitors, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can inhibit tumor development and growth. In particular, in vitro experiments have shown that celecoxib, a NSAID, inhibits the growth of some tumor cell lines. However, two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, used in traditional in vitro anticancer assays, often show poor efficacy due to a lack of an in vivo like cellular environment. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, such as spheroids, are better models because they can mimic the common features displayed by human solid tumors. Hence, in this study, we evaluated the anti-neoplastic potential of celecoxib, in both 2D and 3D cell cultures of A2058 and SAN melanoma cell lines. In particular, celecoxib reduced the cell viability and migratory capability and triggered the apoptosis of melanoma cells grown as 2D cultures. When celecoxib was tested on 3D melanoma cell cultures, the drug exerted an inhibitory effect on cell outgrowth from spheroids and reduced the invasiveness of melanoma cell spheroids into the hydrogel matrix. This work suggests that celecoxib could represent a new potential therapeutic approach in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venuta
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Gisonna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Iuliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Montesarchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Acampora
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Leandra Sepe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Arcone
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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5
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Utilizing MALDI-TOF MS and LC-MS/MS to access serum peptidome-based biomarkers in canine oral tumors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21641. [PMID: 36517562 PMCID: PMC9750994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors frequently found in dogs include canine oral tumors, either cancerous or noncancerous. The bloodstream is an important route for tumor metastasis, particularly for late-stage oral melanoma (LOM) and late-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (LOSCC). The present study aimed to investigate serum peptidome-based biomarkers of dogs with early-stage oral melanoma, LOM, LOSCC, benign oral tumors, chronic periodontitis and healthy controls, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A principal component analysis plot showed distinct clusters among all groups. Four peptides were identified, including peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP4 isoform X2 (FKBP4), steroid hormone receptor ERR1 (ESRRA or ERRA), immunoglobulin superfamily member 10 (IGSF10) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5). FKBP4, ESRRA and ABCB5 were found to be overexpressed in both LOM and LOSCC, whereas IGSF10 expression was markedly increased in LOSCC only. These four proteins also played a crucial role in numerous pathways of cancer metastasis and showed a strong relationship with chemotherapy drugs. In conclusion, this study showed rapid screening of canine oral tumors using serum and MALDI-TOF MS. In addition, potential serum peptidome-based biomarker candidates for LOM and LOSCC were identified.
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Wang P, Hu G, Zhao W, Du J, You M, Xv M, Yang H, Zhang M, Yan F, Huang M, Wang X, Zhang L, Chen Y. Continuous ZnO nanoparticle exposure induces melanoma-like skin lesions in epidermal barrier dysfunction model mice through anti-apoptotic effects mediated by the oxidative stress–activated NF-κB pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:111. [PMID: 35248056 PMCID: PMC8898538 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing interest in the hazardous properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), commonly used as ultraviolet filters in sunscreen, has driven efforts to study the percutaneous application of ZnO NPs to diseased skin; however, in-depth studies of toxic effects on melanocytes under conditions of epidermal barrier dysfunction remain lacking. Methods Epidermal barrier dysfunction model mice were continuously exposed to a ZnO NP-containing suspension for 14 and 49 consecutive days in vivo. Melanoma-like change and molecular mechanisms were also verified in human epidermal melanocytes treated with 5.0 µg/ml ZnO NPs for 72 h in vitro. Results ZnO NP application for 14 and 49 consecutive days induced melanoma-like skin lesions, supported by pigmented appearance, markedly increased number of melanocytes in the epidermis and dermis, increased cells with irregular nuclei in the epidermis, recruited dendritic cells in the dermis and dysregulated expression of melanoma-associated gene Fkbp51, Trim63 and Tsp 1. ZnO NPs increased oxidative injury, inhibited apoptosis, and increased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and Bcl-2 expression in melanocytes of skin with epidermal barrier dysfunction after continuously treated for 14 and 49 days. Exposure to 5.0 µg/ml ZnO NPs for 72 h increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis, and increased Fkbp51 expression in melanocytes, consistent with histological observations in vivo. The oxidative stress–mediated mechanism underlying the induction of anti-apoptotic effects was verified using the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine. Conclusions The entry of ZnO NPs into the stratum basale of skin with epidermal barrier dysfunction resulted in melanoma-like skin lesions and an anti-apoptotic effect induced by oxidative stress, activating the NF-κB pathway in melanocytes. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01308-w.
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7
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Beach SRH, Ong ML, Lei MK, Carter SE, Simons RL, Gibbons FX, Philibert RA. Methylation of FKBP5 is associated with accelerated DNA methylation ageing and cardiometabolic risk: replication in young-adult and middle-aged Black Americans. Epigenetics 2021; 17:982-1002. [PMID: 34533092 PMCID: PMC9487733 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1980688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation of FKBP5 is involved in the regulation of the stress response and is influenced by early stress exposure. Two CpG sites, cg20813374 and cg00130530, have been identified as potential reporters of early stress. We examined whether FKBP5 methylation was associated with accelerated DNA methylation ageing and indirectly predicted poorer cardiovascular health among both young adult and middle-aged Black Americans. Four hundred and forty-nine young adults, with a mean age of 28.67 and N = 469 middle-age parents and their current partners with a mean age of 57.21, provided self-reports, biometric assessments, and blood draws. Methylation values were obtained using the Illumina Epic Array. Cardiometabolic risk was calculated by summing the standardized log-transformed scores for the body mass index, mean arterial blood pressure, and HbA1c. We also used a more standard index of risk, the Framingham 10-year cardiometabolic risk index, as an alternative measure of cardiometabolic risk. To measure accelerated ageing, four widely used indices of accelerated, DNA methylation-based ageing were used controlling sex, age, other variation in FKBP5, and cell-type. Exposure to community danger was associated with demethylation of FKBP5. FKBP5 methylation was significantly associated with accelerated ageing for both young-adult and middle-aged samples, with significant indirect effects from FKBP5 methylation to cardiometabolic risk through accelerated ageing for both. Early exposure to danger may influence FKBP5 methylation. In turn, FKBP5 methylation may help explain intrinsic accelerated ageing and elevated cardiometabolic risk in adulthood for Black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R H Beach
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mei Ling Ong
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Man-Kit Lei
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sierra E Carter
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, AtlantaAG, GA, USA
| | - Ronald L Simons
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Frederick X Gibbons
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Robert A Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Behavioral Diagnostics, Coralville, IA, USA
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8
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Maeda K, Habara M, Kawaguchi M, Matsumoto H, Hanaki S, Masaki T, Sato Y, Matsuyama H, Kunieda K, Nakagawa H, Shimada M. FKBP51 and FKBP52 regulate androgen receptor dimerization and proliferation in prostate cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:940-956. [PMID: 34057812 PMCID: PMC8847985 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of prostate cancer is dependent on the androgen receptor (AR), which serves as a ligand-specific transcription factor. Although two immunophilins, FKBP51 and FKBP52, are known to regulate AR activity, the precise mechanism remains unclear. We found that depletion of either FKBP51 or FKBP52 reduced AR dimer formation, chromatin binding, and phosphorylation, suggesting defective AR signaling. Furthermore, the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity of FKBP51 was found to be required for AR dimer formation and cancer cell growth. Treatment of prostate cancer cells with FK506, which binds to the FK1 domain of FKBPs, or with MJC13, an inhibitor of FKBP52-AR signaling, also inhibited AR dimer formation. Finally, elevated expression of FKBP52 was associated with a higher rate of prostate-specific antigen recurrence in patients with prostate cancer. Collectively, these results suggest that FKBP51 and FKBP52 might be promising targets for prostate cancer treatment through the inhibition of AR dimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | - Makoto Habara
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hanaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Matsuyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kunieda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | - Midori Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Japan
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Bhattarai JK, Neupane D, Nepal B, Demchenko AV, Stine KJ. Nanoporous Gold Monolith for High Loading of Unmodified Doxorubicin and Sustained Co-Release of Doxorubicin-Rapamycin. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:208. [PMID: 33467416 PMCID: PMC7830488 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely explored for delivering doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, to minimize cardiotoxicity. However, their efficiency is marred by a necessity to chemically modify DOX, NPs, or both and low deposition of the administered NPs on tumors. Therefore, alternative strategies should be developed to improve therapeutic efficacy and decrease toxicity. Here we report the possibility of employing a monolithic nanoporous gold (np-Au) rod as an implant for delivering DOX. The np-Au has very high DOX encapsulation efficiency (>98%) with maximum loading of 93.4 mg cm-3 without any chemical modification required of DOX or np-Au. We provide a plausible mechanism for the high loading of DOX in np-Au. The DOX sustained release for 26 days from np-Au in different pH conditions at 37 °C, which was monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Additionally, we encased the DOX-loaded np-Au with rapamycin (RAPA)-trapped poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) to fabricate an np-Au@PLGA/RAPA implant and optimized the combinatorial release of DOX and RAPA. Further exploiting the effect of the protein corona around np-Au and np-Au@PLGA/RAPA showed zero-order release kinetics of DOX. This work proves that the np-Au-based implant has the potential to be used as a DOX carrier of potential use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA; (J.K.B.); (D.N.); (B.N.); (A.V.D.)
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Guenzle J, Akasaka H, Joechle K, Reichardt W, Venkatasamy A, Hoeppner J, Hellerbrand C, Fichtner-Feigl S, Lang SA. Pharmacological Inhibition of mTORC2 Reduces Migration and Metastasis in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010030. [PMID: 33375117 PMCID: PMC7792954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in therapy, liver metastasis from melanoma is still associated with poor prognosis. Although targeting the mTOR signaling pathway exerts potent anti-tumor activity, little is known about specific mTORC2 inhibition regarding liver metastasis. Using the novel mTORC2 specific inhibitor JR-AB2-011, we show significantly reduced migration and invasion capacity by impaired activation of MMP2 in melanoma cells. In addition, blockade of mTORC2 induces cell death by non-apoptotic pathways and reduces tumor cell proliferation rate dose-dependently. Furthermore, a significant reduction of liver metastasis was detected in a syngeneic murine metastasis model upon therapy with JR-AB2-011 as determined by in vivo imaging and necropsy. Hence, our study for the first time highlights the impact of the pharmacological blockade of mTORC2 as a potent novel anti-cancer approach for liver metastasis from melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Guenzle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Harue Akasaka
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Katharina Joechle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Wilfried Reichardt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Aina Venkatasamy
- Department of Radiology Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Service de Radiologie 1, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratory Stress Response and Innovative Therapies “Streinth”, Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jens Hoeppner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg-CCCF, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven A. Lang
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Berge LAM, Andreassen BK, Stenehjem JS, Heir T, Karlstad Ø, Juzeniene A, Ghiasvand R, Larsen IK, Green AC, Veierød MB, Robsahm TE. Use of Immunomodulating Drugs and Risk of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study. Clin Epidemiol 2020; 12:1389-1401. [PMID: 33376408 PMCID: PMC7755337 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s269446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cutaneous melanoma is among the fastest growing malignancies in Norway and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the primary environmental risk factor. Immunomodulating drugs can increase skin photosensitivity and suppress immune responses, and by such mechanisms influence melanoma risk. We, therefore, aimed to examine the associations between use of immunomodulating drugs and melanoma risk, at a nationwide population level. Patients and Methods In the Cancer Registry of Norway, we identified all cases aged 18-85 with a first primary cutaneous melanoma diagnosed in 2007-2015 (n=12,106). These were matched to population controls from the Norwegian National Registry 1:10 (n=118,564), on sex and year of birth using risk set sampling. Information on prescribed drugs (2004-2015) was obtained by linkage to the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between use of immunomodulating drugs (immunosuppressants and corticosteroids) and melanoma risk, adjusted for ambient UVR and other drug use. Results Compared with ≤1 prescription, use of ≥8 prescriptions of immunosuppressants was associated with increased risk of melanoma (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.27, 1.77). Similar associations were found for subgroups of immunosuppressants: drugs typically prescribed to organ transplant recipients (OTRs) (RR 2.02, 95% CI 1.35, 3.03) and methotrexate (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04, 1.55). Similar results were found for high levels of cumulative doses and across all histological subtypes. Use of corticosteroids was not associated with melanoma risk. Conclusion We found a positive association between use of immunosuppressants and melanoma risk, with the highest risk seen for drugs prescribed to OTRs. Knowledge about this risk increase is important for physicians and users of these drugs, for intensified surveillance, awareness and cautious sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Alexander Mclaren Berge
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jo Steinson Stenehjem
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Heir
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Ischemia Study, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Karlstad
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Adele C Green
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Molecular Oncology Unit, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marit Bragelien Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude Eid Robsahm
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Cugliari G, Catalano C, Guarrera S, Allione A, Casalone E, Russo A, Grosso F, Ferrante D, Viberti C, Aspesi A, Sculco M, Pirazzini C, Libener R, Mirabelli D, Magnani C, Dianzani I, Matullo G. DNA Methylation of FKBP5 as Predictor of Overall Survival in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113470. [PMID: 33233407 PMCID: PMC7700347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with median survival of 12 months and limited effective treatments. The scope of this study was to study the relationship between blood DNA methylation (DNAm) and overall survival (OS) aiming at a noninvasive prognostic test. We investigated a cohort of 159 incident asbestos exposed MPM cases enrolled in an Italian area with high incidence of mesothelioma. Considering 12 months as a cut-off for OS, epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) revealed statistically significant (p value = 7.7 × 10-9) OS-related differential methylation of a single-CpG (cg03546163), located in the 5'UTR region of the FKBP5 gene. This is an independent marker of prognosis in MPM patients with a better performance than traditional inflammation-based scores such as lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). Cases with DNAm < 0.45 at the cg03546163 had significantly poor survival compared with those showing DNAm ≥ 0.45 (mean: 243 versus 534 days; p value< 0.001). Epigenetic changes at the FKBP5 gene were robustly associated with OS in MPM cases. Our results showed that blood DNA methylation levels could be promising and dynamic prognostic biomarkers in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cugliari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.A.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Catalano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.A.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, IIGM, 10060 Candiolo, Italy;
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Allione
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.A.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
| | - Elisabetta Casalone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.A.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
| | - Alessia Russo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.A.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
| | - Federica Grosso
- Division of Medical Oncology, SS. Antonio e Biagio General Hospital, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.); (C.M.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, CPO-Piemonte, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Clara Viberti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.A.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (M.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Marika Sculco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (M.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Roberta Libener
- Pathology Unit, SS. Antonio e Biagio General Hospital, 15122 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Dario Mirabelli
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Corrado Magnani
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.); (C.M.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, CPO-Piemonte, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (M.S.); (I.D.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.A.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.M.)
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13
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Pirfenidone and Vitamin D Ameliorate Cardiac Fibrosis Induced by Doxorubicin in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice: Modulation of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Jun N-terminal Kinase-1 Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110348. [PMID: 33126642 PMCID: PMC7693623 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of breast cancer with doxorubicin causes numerous side effects, of which cardiac fibrosis is considered the main one. This study was designed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms for the potential anti-fibrotic effect of pirfenidone and vitamin D against doxorubicin-induced cardiac fibrosis. Seventy mice carrying solid Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) discs on the ventral side were treated with orally administered pirfenidone (500 mg/kg) and intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D (0.5 µg/kg) either individually or in combination with a doxorubicin (15 mg/kg; i.p.) single dose. All treatments commenced one week post-tumor inoculation and continued for 14 days. Compared to control EAC mice, the doxorubicin group showed a significant increase in heart and left ventricle weights, troponin T, and creatinine kinase serum levels. Furthermore, the doxorubicin group depicts a high expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), smad3, Jun N-terminal Kinase-1 (JNK1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Treatment with pirfenidone or vitamin D significantly decreased all of these parameters. Furthermore, the expression of smad7 was downregulated by doxorubicin and improved by pirfenidone or vitamin D. Furthermore, all treated groups showed a marked decrease in tumor weight and volume. Current data demonstrate that pirfenidone and vitamin D represent an attractive approach to ameliorate the cardiac fibrosis produced by doxorubicin through inhibiting both JNK1 signaling and MCP-1 inflammatory pathways, thus preserving heart function. Further, this combination demonstrated an anti-tumor effect to combat breast cancer.
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14
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Wu R, Li J, Li J, Yan X, Zhou W, Ling C, Ye Y, Chen Q, Li Y. Circular RNA expression profiling and bioinformatic analysis of cumulus cells in endometriosis infertility patients. Epigenomics 2020; 12:2093-2108. [PMID: 33090019 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the circular RNA (circRNA) profile in cumulus cells from endometriosis-associated infertility patients. Methods: The expression of circRNAs was profiled by high-throughput sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed to identify the backsplicing site. Six candidate circRNAs and their parental genes were measured in 30 samples by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chainreaction (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the functions. Results: A total of 55 upregulated and 41 downregulated differentially expressed circRNAs were detected. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes data indicated that these target genes were mainly involved in cumulus cell growth- and differentiation-related pathways. Hsa_circ_0072391, hsa_circ_0007299 and hsa_circ_0057799 were significantly increased, and hsa_circ_001533 was significantly decreased in endometriosis-associated infertility patients. Conclusion: The differentially expressed circRNAs might be potentially involved in pathophysiology of endometriosis-associated infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Wu
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology & Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal & Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Junzui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Research & Diagnosis of Gynecological Diseases of Xiamen & Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361003, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, PR China
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, PR China
| | - Chen Ling
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ye
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, PR China
| | - Qionghua Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Research & Diagnosis of Gynecological Diseases of Xiamen & Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361003, PR China
| | - Youzhu Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, PR China
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15
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Alternative macrophage polarisation associated with resistance to anti-PD1 blockade is possibly supported by the splicing of FKBP51 immunophilin in melanoma patients. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1782-1790. [PMID: 32317723 PMCID: PMC7283486 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FKBP51 immunophilin is abundantly expressed by immune cells. Co-inhibitory immune receptor signalling generates the splicing isoform FKBP51s. Tregs stained by FKBP51s are increased in melanoma patients and their counts are associated with anti-CTLA-4 response. An expansion of FKBP51s+PD-L1+ monocytes was measured in a group of non-responding patients to anti-CTLA-4. The aim of this work was to confirm the predictive value of response of FKBP51s+Tregs in a cohort of patients undergoing anti-PD1 treatment and shed light on a monocyte subset co-expressing PD-L1/FKBP51s. Methods Co-cultures of organoids and autologous lymphocytes were used to confirm that tumour T-cell interaction can induce FKBP51s. PBMC immunophenotype and flow cytometry served to assess and monitor FKBP51s+Treg and FKBP51s+PD-L1+ monocytes in 22 advanced melanoma patients treated with anti-PD1. Silencing and overexpression of FKBP51s in human macrophages served to address the protein role in the tolerant macrophages’ behaviour. Results FKBP51s+Tregs count was increased in responders and had a prognostic value. Non-responders showed an early increase in FKBP51s+ PD-L1+ monocytes during anti-PD1 treatment. Manipulation of FKBP51s modulated the macrophage–phenotype, with forced protein expression promoting aspects associated with tolerance. Conclusions FKBP51s may guide in the selection and monitoring of melanoma patient candidates to immune-checkpoint-targeted therapy. Manipulation of FKBP51s may overcome resistance.
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16
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Helmy MW, Ghoneim AI, Katary MA, Elmahdy RK. The synergistic anti-proliferative effect of the combination of diosmin and BEZ-235 (dactolisib) on the HCT-116 colorectal cancer cell line occurs through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB axis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2217-2230. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Shang Z, Yu J, Sun L, Tian J, Zhu S, Zhang B, Dong Q, Jiang N, Flores-Morales A, Chang C, Niu Y. LncRNA PCAT1 activates AKT and NF-κB signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer by regulating the PHLPP/FKBP51/IKKα complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:4211-4225. [PMID: 30773595 PMCID: PMC6486551 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In PTEN-deficient prostate cancers, AKT signaling may be activated upon suppression of androgen receptor signaling. Activation of AKT as well as NF-κB signaling involves a key regulatory protein complex containing PHLPP, FKBP51 and IKKα. Here, we report a critical role of lncRNA PCAT1 in regulating the PHLPP/FKBP51/IKKα complex and progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Using database queries, bioinformatic analyses, as well as RIP and RNA pull-down assays, we discovered and validated that the lncRNA-PCAT1 perturbs the PHLPP/FKBP51/IKKα complex and activates AKT and NF-κB signaling. Expression of lncRNA-PCAT1 is positively linked to CRPC progression. PCAT1 binds directly to FKBP51, displacing PHLPP from the PHLPP/FKBP51/IKKα complex, leading to activation of AKT and NF-κB signaling. Targeting PCAT1 restores PHLPP binding to FKBP1 leading to suppression of AKT signaling. Preclinical study in a mouse model of CRPC suggests therapeutic potential by targeting lncRNA PCAT1 to suppress CRPC progression. Together, the newly identified PCAT1/FKBP51/IKKα complex provides mechanistic insight in the interplay between AKT, NF-κB and AR signaling in CRPC, and the preclinical studies suggest that a novel role for PCAT1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Shang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jianpeng Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Libin Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Shimiao Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Amilcar Flores-Morales
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.,Department of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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18
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Bashiri Dezfouli A, Salar-Amoli J, Pourfathollah AA, Yazdi M, Nikougoftar-Zarif M, Khosravi M, Hassan J. Doxorubicin-induced senescence through NF-κB affected by the age of mouse mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2336-2349. [PMID: 31517394 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The senescence is proposed as a defense mechanism against many anticancer drugs. This complication is marked by differences in cell appearance and inner structures underlying the impairment in function. In this experiment, doxorubicin-induced senescence was assessed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the bone marrow of different-aged Balb/c mice (1, 8, and 16 months old). In addition, doxorubicin kinetics in culture medium were investigated to compare the drug absorption rate by different-aged MSCs. Several methods were exerted including Sandwich ELISA for NF-κB activation, propidium iodide staining for cell cycle analysis, Flow-fluorescent in-situ hybridization (Flow-FISH) assay for telomere length measurement, and specific staining for evaluation of β-galactosidase. Determination of doxorubicin in a medium was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Following doxorubicin exposure, cells underwent substantial telomere shortening, cell cycle arresting in G2 phase, and increased β-galactosidase activity. Interestingly, the enhanced level of NF-κB was observed in all age groups. The highest and lowest sensitivity to telomere shortening attributed to 1- and 8-month-old MSCs, respectively. In consistent with Flow-FISH results, the β-galactosidase activity was higher in young-aged MSCs after treatment. Statistical analysis indicated a correlation between the reduction of telomere length and cessation in G2 phase. Regarding the obtained kinetics equations, the rate of doxorubicin absorption by all aged MSCs followed the same trend. In conclusion, the changing of some elements involved in doxorubicin-induced senescence can be affected by the age of the cells significantly in young MSCs than two other age groups. Hereupon, these changing patterns can open new insights to develop anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamileh Salar-Amoli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfathollah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Yazdi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar-Zarif
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jalal Hassan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Epigenetic upregulation of FKBP5 by aging and stress contributes to NF-κB-driven inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11370-11379. [PMID: 31113877 PMCID: PMC6561294 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816847116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the aging are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms through which modifiable factors, such as psychosocial stress, confer risk for aging-related disease can have profound implications. By combining studies in humans with experiments in cells, we show that aging and stress synergize to epigenetically upregulate FKBP5, a protein implicated in stress physiology. Higher FKBP5 promotes inflammation by activating the master immune regulator NF-κB, whereas opposing FKBP5, either genetically or pharmacologically, prevents the effects on NF-κB. Further, the aging/stress-related epigenetic signature of FKBP5 is associated with history of myocardial infarction, a disease linked to inflammation. These findings provide molecular insights into stress-related disease, pointing to biomarker and treatment possibilities. Aging and psychosocial stress are associated with increased inflammation and disease risk, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Because both aging and stress are also associated with lasting epigenetic changes, a plausible hypothesis is that stress along the lifespan could confer disease risk through epigenetic effects on molecules involved in inflammatory processes. Here, by combining large-scale analyses in human cohorts with experiments in cells, we report that FKBP5, a protein implicated in stress physiology, contributes to these relations. Across independent human cohorts (total n > 3,000), aging synergized with stress-related phenotypes, measured with childhood trauma and major depression questionnaires, to epigenetically up-regulate FKBP5 expression. These age/stress-related epigenetic effects were recapitulated in a cellular model of replicative senescence, whereby we exposed replicating human fibroblasts to stress (glucocorticoid) hormones. Unbiased genome-wide analyses in human blood linked higher FKBP5 mRNA with a proinflammatory profile and altered NF-κB–related gene networks. Accordingly, experiments in immune cells showed that higher FKBP5 promotes inflammation by strengthening the interactions of NF-κB regulatory kinases, whereas opposing FKBP5 either by genetic deletion (CRISPR/Cas9-mediated) or selective pharmacological inhibition prevented the effects on NF-κB. Further, the age/stress-related epigenetic signature enhanced FKBP5 response to NF-κB through a positive feedback loop and was present in individuals with a history of acute myocardial infarction, a disease state linked to peripheral inflammation. These findings suggest that aging/stress-driven FKBP5–NF-κB signaling mediates inflammation, potentially contributing to cardiovascular risk, and may thus point to novel biomarker and treatment possibilities.
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20
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Micheliolide Protects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice by Regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-kB Signaling Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 19:297-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) has emerged as a key regulator of endocrine stress responses in mammals and as a potential therapeutic target for stress-related disorders (depression, post-traumatic stress disorder), metabolic disorders (obesity and diabetes) and chronic pain. Recently, FKBP51 has been implicated in several cellular pathways and numerous interacting protein partners have been reported. However, no consensus on the underlying molecular mechanisms has yet emerged. Here, we review the protein interaction partners reported for FKBP51, the proposed pathways involved, their relevance to FKBP51’s physiological function(s), the interplay with other FKBPs, and implications for the development of FKBP51-directed drugs.
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22
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Garrido MF, Martin NJP, Bertrand M, Gaudin C, Commo F, El Kalaany N, Al Nakouzi N, Fazli L, Del Nery E, Camonis J, Perez F, Lerondel S, Le Pape A, Compagno D, Gleave M, Loriot Y, Désaubry L, Vagner S, Fizazi K, Chauchereau A. Regulation of eIF4F Translation Initiation Complex by the Peptidyl Prolyl Isomerase FKBP7 in Taxane-resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:710-723. [PMID: 30322877 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted therapies that use the signaling pathways involved in prostate cancer are required to overcome chemoresistance and improve treatment outcomes for men. Molecular chaperones play a key role in the regulation of protein homeostasis and are potential targets for overcoming chemoresistance.Experimental Design: We established 4 chemoresistant prostate cancer cell lines and used image-based high-content siRNA functional screening, based on gene-expression signature, to explore mechanisms of chemoresistance and identify new potential targets with potential roles in taxane resistance. The functional role of a new target was assessed by in vitro and in vivo silencing, and mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify its downstream effectors. RESULTS We identified FKBP7, a prolyl-peptidyl isomerase overexpressed in docetaxel-resistant and in cabazitaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells. This is the first study to characterize the function of human FKBP7 and explore its role in cancer. We discovered that FKBP7 was upregulated in human prostate cancers and its expression correlated with the recurrence observed in patients receiving docetaxel. FKBP7 silencing showed that FKBP7 is required to maintain the growth of chemoresistant cell lines and chemoresistant tumors in mice. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that FKBP7 interacts with eIF4G, a component of the eIF4F translation initiation complex, to mediate the survival of chemoresistant cells. Using small-molecule inhibitors of eIF4A, the RNA helicase component of eIF4F, we were able to kill docetaxel- and cabazitaxel-resistant cells. CONCLUSIONS Targeting FKBP7 or the eIF4G-containing eIF4F translation initiation complex could be novel therapeutic strategies to eradicate taxane-resistant prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine F Garrido
- Prostate Cancer Group, INSERM UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas J-P Martin
- Prostate Cancer Group, INSERM UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Matthieu Bertrand
- Prostate Cancer Group, INSERM UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Gaudin
- Prostate Cancer Group, INSERM UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Frédéric Commo
- Prostate Cancer Group, INSERM UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nassif El Kalaany
- Prostate Cancer Group, INSERM UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nader Al Nakouzi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Jacques Camonis
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France.,INSERM, U830, Paris, France
| | - Franck Perez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR144, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Compagno
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Lab, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Prostate Cancer Group, INSERM UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Stéphan Vagner
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Prostate Cancer Group, INSERM UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Chauchereau
- Prostate Cancer Group, INSERM UMR981, Villejuif, France. .,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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23
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Li Z, Zhang R, Yang X, Zhang D, Li B, Zhang D, Li Q, Xiong Y. Analysis of gene expression and methylation datasets identified ADAMTS9, FKBP5, and PFKBF3 as biomarkers for osteoarthritis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8908-8917. [PMID: 30317616 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a kind of chronic osteoarthropathy and degenerative joint disease. Epigenetic regulation in the gene expression dynamics has become increasingly important in OA. We performed a combined analysis of two types of microarray datasets (gene expression and DNA methylation) to identify methylation-based key biomarkers to provide a better understanding of molecular biological mechanisms of OA. METHODS We obtained two expression profiling datasets (GSE55235, GSE55457) and one DNA methylation profiling data set (GSE63695) from the Gene Expression Omnibus. First, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with OA and controls were identified using the Limma package in R(v3.4.4). Then, function enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed using a DAVID database. For DNA methylation datasets, ChAMP methylation analysis package was used to identify differential methylation genes (DMGs). Finally, a comprehensive analysis of DEGs and DMGs was conducted to identify genes that exhibited differential expression and methylation simultaneously. RESULTS We identified 112 DEGs and 2,896 DMGs in patients with OA compared with controls. Functional analysis of DEGs obtained that inflammatory responses, immune responses, and positive regulation of apoptosis, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and osteoclast differentiation may be involved in the pathogenesis of OA. Cross-analysis revealed 26 genes that exhibited differential expression and methylation in OA. Among them, ADAMTS9, FKBP5, and PFKBF3 were identified as valuable methylation-based biomarkers for OA. CONCLUSION In summary, our study identified different molecular features between patients with OA and controls. This may provide new clues for clarifying the pathogenetic mechanisms of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhaoFang Li
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - RongQiang Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - XiaoLi Yang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - DanDan Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - BaoRong Li
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - YongMin Xiong
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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24
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Gennari L, Rendina D, Picchioni T, Bianciardi S, Materozzi M, Nuti R, Merlotti D. Paget’s disease of bone: an update on epidemiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1500691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Domenico Rendina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Picchioni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Bianciardi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Materozzi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ranuccio Nuti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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25
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Matosin N, Halldorsdottir T, Binder EB. Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Gene by Environment Interactions in Psychiatric Disorders: The FKBP5 Model. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:821-830. [PMID: 29573791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic and genetic studies suggest common environmental and genetic risk factors for a number of psychiatric disorders, including depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Genetic and environmental factors, especially adverse life events, not only have main effects on disease development but also may interact to shape risk and resilience. Such gene by adversity interactions have been described for FKBP5, an endogenous regulator of the stress-neuroendocrine system, conferring risk for a number of psychiatric disorders. In this review, we present a molecular and cellular model of the consequences of FKBP5 by early adversity interactions. We illustrate how altered genetic and epigenetic regulation of FKBP5 may contribute to disease risk by covering evidence from clinical and preclinical studies of FKBP5 dysregulation, known cell-type and tissue-type expression patterns of FKBP5 in humans and animals, and the role of FKBP5 as a stress-responsive molecular hub modulating many cellular pathways. FKBP5 presents the possibility to better understand the molecular and cellular factors contributing to a disease-relevant gene by environment interaction, with implications for the development of biomarkers and interventions for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Matosin
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thorhildur Halldorsdottir
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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26
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Gogulamudi VR, Cai J, Lesniewski LA. Reversing age-associated arterial dysfunction: insight from preclinical models. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1860-1870. [PMID: 29745797 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00086.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading causes of death in the United States, and advancing age is a primary risk factor. Impaired endothelium-dependent dilation and increased stiffening of the arteries with aging are independent predictors of CVD. Increased tissue and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation underlie this age-associated arterial dysfunction. Calorie restriction (CR) is the most powerful intervention known to increase life span and improve age-related phenotypes, including arterial dysfunction. However, the translatability of long-term CR to clinical populations is limited, stimulating interest in the pursuit of pharmacological CR mimetics to reproduce the beneficial effects of CR. The energy-sensing pathways, mammalian target of rapamycin, AMPK, and sirtuin-1 have all been implicated in the beneficial effects of CR on longevity and/or physiological function and, as such, have emerged as potential targets for therapeutic intervention as CR mimetics. Although manipulation of each of these pathways has CR-like benefits on arterial function, the magnitude and/or mechanisms can be disparate from that of CR. Nevertheless, targeting these pathways in older individuals may provide some benefits against arterial dysfunction and CVD. The goal of this review is to provide a brief discussion of the mechanisms and pathways underlying age-associated dysfunction in large arteries, explain how these are impacted by CR, and to present the available evidence, suggesting that targets for energy-sensing pathways may act as vascular CR mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinjin Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
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27
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Abstract
Impaired Paneth cell expression of antimicrobial protein (AMP) lysozyme is found in patients with Crohn's disease with the autophagy gene ATG16L1 risk allele, in mice with mutations in autophagy genes Atg16L1, Atg5 and Atg7, and in Irgm1 knockout mice. Defective autophagy is also associated with expansion of resident Gram-negative bacteria in the intestinal lumen. These findings suggest that autophagy may control extracellular resident microbes by governing expression of lysozyme. To test the hypothesis that autophagy may have a defensive role in host response to resident extracellular microbes, we investigated the relationship between gut microbes, autophagy, and lysozyme. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with fecal slurry (FS), representing the resident microbial community; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); or butyrate, representing microbial products; or a representative resident Gram-negative bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris (DSV). FS, LPS, and DSV inhibited lysozyme expression, whereas butyrate had no effect. Induction of autophagy by rapamycin countered this inhibition, whereas silencing of the autophagy gene Irgm1 exacerbated the inhibitory effects of LPS on lysozyme expression. LPS also inhibited lysozyme activity against DSV and autophagy reversed this effect. Our results provide a novel insight into an interaction between gut bacteria, autophagy and AMP whereby autophagy may defend the host by countering the suppression of antimicrobial protein by Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B Singh
- 1 Section of Gastroenterology, Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Henry C Lin
- 1 Section of Gastroenterology, Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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28
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Mascolo M, Romano MF, Ilardi G, Romano S, Baldo A, Scalvenzi M, Argenziano G, Merolla F, Russo D, Varricchio S, Pagliuca F, Russo M, Ciancia G, De Rosa G, Staibano S. Expression of FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) in Mycosis fungoides. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:735-744. [PMID: 28977697 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the major subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). It usually has a prolonged indolent clinical course with a minority of cases acquiring a more aggressive biological profile and resistance to conventional therapies, partially attributed to the persistent activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In the last decade, several papers suggested an important role for the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51), an immunophilin initially cloned in lymphocytes, in the control of NF-κB pathway in different types of human malignancies. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the possible value of FKBP51 expression as a new reliable marker of outcome in patients with MF. METHODS We assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) FKBP51 expression in 44 patients with MF, representative of different stages of the disease. Immunohistochemical results were subsequently confirmed at mRNA level with quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a subset of enrolled patients. In addition, IHC and qPCR served to study the expression of some NF-κB-target genes, including the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2). RESULTS Our results show that FKBP51 was expressed in all evaluated cases, with the highest level of expression characterizing MFs with the worst prognosis. Moreover, a significant correlation subsisted between FKBP51 and TRAF2 IHC expression scores. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize a role for FKBP51 as a prognostic marker for MF and suggest an involvement of this immunophilin in deregulated NF-κB pathway of this CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mascolo
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M F Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Ilardi
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Baldo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Scalvenzi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - F Merolla
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - D Russo
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S Varricchio
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Pagliuca
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Ciancia
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G De Rosa
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S Staibano
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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29
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Romano S, Simeone E, D'Angelillo A, D'Arrigo P, Russo M, Capasso M, Lasorsa VA, Zambrano N, Ascierto PA, Romano MF. FKBP51s signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of melanoma patients as a possible predictive factor for immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1143-1151. [PMID: 28434031 PMCID: PMC11028940 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory immune checkpoint PD-L1/PD1 promotes the alternative splicing of the FKBP5 gene, resulting in increased expression of its variant 4 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of melanoma patients. The variant 4 transcript is translated into the truncated FKBP51s protein. Given the importance of co-inhibitory signalling in tumour immune escape, here we tested the potential for using FKBP51s expression to predict immunotherapy outcomes. To do this, we immunophenotyped PBMCs from 118 melanoma patients and 77 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were collected before patients underwent ipilimumab treatment. In 64 of the 118 patients, FKBP51s expression was also assessed in regulatory T cells (Tregs). We found that each PBMC subset analysed contained an FKBP51spos fraction, and that this fraction was greater in the melanoma patients than healthy controls. In CD4 T lymphocytes, the FKBP51sneg fraction was significantly impaired. Tregs count was increased in melanoma patients, which is in line with previous studies. Also, by analyses of FKBP51s in Tregs, we identified a subgroup of ipilimumab nonresponder patients (p = 0.002). In conclusion, FKBP51s-based immunophenotyping of melanoma patients revealed several profiles related to a negative immune regulatory control and identified an unknown Treg subset. These findings are likely to be useful in the selection of the patients that are candidate for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Simeone
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna D'Angelillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Arrigo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito Alessandro Lasorsa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Zambrano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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30
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Alikarami F, Safa M, Faranoush M, Hayat P, Kazemi A. Inhibition of DNA-PK enhances chemosensitivity of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to doxorubicin. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:1077-1093. [PMID: 28821159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair pathways greatly affect the response to genotoxic drugs in cancer cells, so inhibition of such pathways could be a potentially useful strategy to enhance chemosensitivity. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) plays a crucial role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that are probably one of the most detrimental types of DNA damage. It has been shown that DNA-PK is highly expressed in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) cells. Less well appreciated was the effect of DNA-PK inhibition on sensitivity of BCP-ALL cells to DNA-damaging agents. Here, we show that the DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441 increased doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in BCP-ALL cell lines (NALM-6, SUP-B15), correlating with a reduction in DSB repair measured by γ-H2AX foci. NU7441 affected the cell cycle distribution and the cell cycle regulatory molecules in combination with doxorubicin treatment. Doxorubicin-induced DNA-PK phosphorylation was decreased in the presence of NU7441. Apoptosis induction by the combined treatment was associated with marked reduction of Bcl-2 and survivin and a significant increase of Bax mRNA expression levels. In conclusion, our data indicate that inhibition of DNA-PK might be an effective approach to enhance the tumor-cell-killing effects of DNA-damaging agents such as doxorubicin in BCP-ALL and may deliver novel, targeted therapy into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Alikarami
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Faranoush
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Hayat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Kazemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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A FKBP5 mutation is associated with Paget's disease of bone and enhances osteoclastogenesis. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e336. [PMID: 28524179 PMCID: PMC5454451 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a common metabolic bone disease that is characterized by aberrant focal bone remodeling, which is caused by excessive osteoclastic bone resorption followed by disorganized osteoblastic bone formation. Genetic factors are a critical determinant of PDB pathogenesis, and several susceptibility genes and loci have been reported, including SQSTM1, TNFSF11A, TNFRSF11B, VCP, OPTN, CSF1 and DCSTAMP. Herein, we report a case of Chinese familial PDB without mutations in known genes and identify a novel c.163G>C (p.Val55Leu) mutation in FKBP5 (encodes FK506-binding protein 51, FKBP51) associated with PDB using whole-exome sequencing. Mutant FKBP51 enhanced the Akt phosphorylation and kinase activity in cells. A study of osteoclast function using FKBP51V55L KI transgenic mice proved that osteoclast precursors from FKBP51V55L mice were hyperresponsive to RANKL, and osteoclasts derived from FKBP51V55L mice displayed more intensive bone resorbing activity than did FKBP51WT controls. The osteoclast-specific molecules tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, osteoclast-associated receptor and transcription factor NFATC1 were increased in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage cells (BMMs) from FKBP51V55L mice during osteoclast differentiation. However, c-fos expression showed no significant difference in the wild-type and mutant groups. Akt phosphorylation in FKBP51V55L BMMs was elevated in response to RANKL. In contrast, IκB degradation, ERK phosphorylation and LC3II expression showed no difference in wild-type and mutant BMMs. Micro-CT analysis revealed an intensive trabecular bone resorption pattern in FKBP51V55L mice, and suspicious osteolytic bone lesions were noted in three-dimensional reconstruction of distal femurs from mutant mice. These results demonstrate that the mutant FKBP51V55L promotes osteoclastogenesis and function, which could subsequently participate in PDB development.
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Stechschulte LA, Qiu B, Warrier M, Hinds TD, Zhang M, Gu H, Xu Y, Khuder SS, Russo L, Najjar SM, Lecka-Czernik B, Yong W, Sanchez ER. FKBP51 Null Mice Are Resistant to Diet-Induced Obesity and the PPARγ Agonist Rosiglitazone. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3888-3900. [PMID: 27442117 PMCID: PMC5045506 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
FK506-binding protein-51 (FKBP51) is a molecular cochaperone recently shown to be a positive regulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation and function. In cellular models of adipogenesis, loss of FKBP51 not only reduced PPARγ activity but also reduced lipid accumulation, suggesting that FKBP51 knock-out (KO) mice might have insufficient development of adipose tissue and lipid storage ability. This model was tested by examining wild-type (WT) and FKBP51-KO mice under regular and high-fat diet conditions. Under both diets, FKBP51-KO mice were resistant to weight gain, hepatic steatosis, and had greatly reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) but higher amounts of brown adipose tissue. Under high-fat diet, KO mice were highly resistant to adiposity and exhibited reduced plasma lipids and elevated glucose and insulin tolerance. Profiling of perigonadal and sc WAT revealed elevated expression of brown adipose tissue lineage genes in KO mice that correlated increased energy expenditure and a shift of substrate oxidation to carbohydrates, as measured by indirect calorimetry. To directly test PPARγ involvement, WT and KO mice were fed rosiglitazone agonist. In WT mice, rosiglitazone induced whole-body weight gain, increased WAT mass, a shift of substrate oxidation to lipids, and elevated expression of PPARγ-regulated lipogenic genes in WAT. In contrast, KO mice had reduced rosiglitazone responses for these parameters. Our results identify FKBP51 as an important regulator of PPARγ in WAT and as a potential new target in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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33
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Gene-Stress-Epigenetic Regulation of FKBP5: Clinical and Translational Implications. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:261-74. [PMID: 26250598 PMCID: PMC4677131 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stress responses and related outcomes vary markedly across individuals. Elucidating the molecular underpinnings of this variability is of great relevance for developing individualized prevention strategies and treatments for stress-related disorders. An important modulator of stress responses is the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5/FKBP51). FKBP5 acts as a co-chaperone that modulates not only glucocorticoid receptor activity in response to stressors but also a multitude of other cellular processes in both the brain and periphery. Notably, the FKBP5 gene is regulated via complex interactions among environmental stressors, FKBP5 genetic variants, and epigenetic modifications of glucocorticoid-responsive genomic sites. These interactions can result in FKBP5 disinhibition that has been shown to contribute to a number of aberrant phenotypes in both rodents and humans. Consequently, FKBP5 blockade may hold promise as treatment intervention for stress-related disorders, and recently developed selective FKBP5 blockers show encouraging results in vitro and in rodent models. Although risk for stress-related disorders is conferred by multiple environmental and genetic factors, the findings related to FKBP5 illustrate how a deeper understanding of the molecular and systemic mechanisms underlying specific gene-environment interactions may provide insights into the pathogenesis of stress-related disorders.
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34
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Donato AJ, Morgan RG, Walker AE, Lesniewski LA. Cellular and molecular biology of aging endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:122-35. [PMID: 25655936 PMCID: PMC4522407 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and aging is a major risk factor for CVD development. One of the major age-related arterial phenotypes thought to be responsible for the development of CVD in older adults is endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial function is modulated by traditional CVD risk factors in young adults, but advancing age is independently associated with the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. This endothelial dysfunction results from a reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability downstream of endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation that can be further modulated by traditional CVD risk factors in older adults. Greater endothelial oxidative stress with aging is a result of augmented production from the intracellular enzymes NADPH oxidase and uncoupled eNOS, as well as from mitochondrial respiration in the absence of appropriate increases in antioxidant defenses as regulated by relevant transcription factors, such as FOXO. Interestingly, it appears that NFkB, a critical inflammatory transcription factor, is sensitive to this age-related endothelial redox change and its activation induces transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can further suppress endothelial function, thus creating a vicious feed-forward cycle. This review will discuss the two macro-mechanistic processes, oxidative stress and inflammation, that contribute to endothelial dysfunction with advancing age as well as the cellular and molecular events that lead to the vicious cycle of inflammation and oxidative stress in the aged endothelium. Other potential mediators of this pro-inflammatory endothelial phenotype are increases in immune or senescent cells in the vasculature. Of note, genomic instability, telomere dysfunction or DNA damage has been shown to trigger cell senescence via the p53/p21 pathway and result in increased inflammatory signaling in arteries from older adults. This review will discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the emerging concepts of senescence and genomic instability as mechanisms underlying oxidative stress and inflammation in the aged endothelium. Lastly, energy sensitive/stress resistance pathways (SIRT-1, AMPK, mTOR) are altered in endothelial cells and/or arteries with aging and these pathways may modulate endothelial function via key oxidative stress and inflammation-related transcription factors. This review will also discuss what is known about the role of "energy sensing" longevity pathways in modulating endothelial function with advancing age. With the growing population of older adults, elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction with age is critical to establishing appropriate and measured strategies to utilize pharmacological and lifestyle interventions aimed at alleviating CVD risk. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "SI: CV Aging".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Donato
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - R Garrett Morgan
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashley E Walker
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Transcriptomic profiling of taxol-resistant ovarian cancer cells identifies FKBP5 and the androgen receptor as critical markers of chemotherapeutic response. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11939-56. [PMID: 25460502 PMCID: PMC4322968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol is a mitotoxin widely used to treat human cancers, including of the breast and ovary. However, taxol resistance (txr) limits treatment efficacy in human patients. To study chemoresistance in ovarian cancer, we established txr ovarian carcinoma cells derived from the SKOV3 cell lineage. The cells obtained were cross-resistant to other mitotoxins such as vincristine while they showed no resistance to the genotoxin cisplatin. Transcriptomic analysis identified 112 highly up-regulated genes in txr cells. Surprisingly, FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) was transiently up-regulated 100-fold in txr cells but showed decreased expression in prolonged culture. Silencing of FKBP5 sensitized txr cells to taxol, whereas ectopic expression of FKBP5 increased resistance to the drug. Modulation of FKBP5 expression produced similar effects in response to vincristine but not to cisplatin. We observed that a panel of newly identified txr genes was trancriptionally regulated by FKBP5 and silencing of these genes sensitized cells to taxol. Notably, immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that FKBP5 forms a protein complex with the androgen receptor (AR), and this complex regulates the transcriptional activity of both proteins. Furthermore, we found that the Akt kinase pathway is regulated by FKBP5. These results indicate that the FKBP5/AR complex may affect cancer cell sensitivity to taxol by regulating expression of txr genes. Our findings suggest that mitotoxin-based treatment against ovarian cancer should be avoided when the Akt/FKBP5/AR axis is activated.
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Romano S, Xiao Y, Nakaya M, D'Angelillo A, Chang M, Jin J, Hausch F, Masullo M, Feng X, Romano MF, Sun SC. FKBP51 employs both scaffold and isomerase functions to promote NF-κB activation in melanoma. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:6983-93. [PMID: 26101251 PMCID: PMC4538817 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer; its prognosis, particularly in advanced stages, is disappointing largely due to the resistance to conventional anticancer treatments and high metastatic potential. NF-κB constitutive activation is a major factor for the apoptosis resistance of melanoma. Several studies suggest a role for the immunophilin FKBP51 in NF-κB activation, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that FKBP51 physically interacts with IKK subunits, and facilitates IKK complex assembly. FKBP51-knockdown inhibits the binding of IKKγ to the IKK catalytic subunits, IKK-α and -β, and attenuates the IKK catalytic activity. Using FK506, an inhibitor of the FKBP51 isomerase activity, we found that the IKK-regulatory role of FKBP51 involves both its scaffold function and its isomerase activity. Moreover, FKBP51 also interacts with TRAF2, an upstream mediator of IKK activation. Interestingly, both FKBP51 TPR and PPIase domains are required for its interaction with TRAF2 and IKKγ, whereas only the TPR domain is involved in interactions with IKKα and β. Collectively, these results suggest that FKBP51 promotes NF-κB activation by serving as an IKK scaffold as well as an isomerase. Our findings have profound implications for designing novel melanoma therapies based on modulation of FKBP51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mako Nakaya
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anna D'Angelillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mikyoung Chang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, München 80804, Germany
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Naples 80133, Italy
| | - Xixi Feng
- Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, München 80804, Germany
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Zhou J, Xi C, Wang W, Yang Y, Qiu Y, Huang Z. Autophagy plays an important role in triptolide-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Lett 2015; 236:168-83. [PMID: 26007683 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), a major bioactive component isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. (TWHF), has been shown to exert various pharmacological effects. However, the severe toxicity of TP prevents wide clinical use. In a previous study, we reported that TP-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in cardiomyocytes is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Autophagy is a cellular self-digestion process and is one of the first lines of defense against oxidative stress. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that autophagy can selectively eliminate damaged mitochondria. This study investigated the role of autophagy in TP-induced cardiotoxicity. We investigated the effects of autophagy in combination with TP on apoptosis, ROS and mitochondrial function. Rat cardiomyocytes were pre-treated with chloroquine or rapamycin followed by TP. The augmentation of autophagy with rapamycin in the presence of TP substantially ameliorated the detrimental effects induced by TP, while suppression of autophagy by chloroquine accelerates TP-induced cellular damage. In addition, pre-treated with rapamycin before TP administration also attenuated TP-induced damage in Balb/c mice heart tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that TP-induced cell death can be modified by autophagy. Furthermore, induction of autophagy by rapamycin may be a potential cardioprotective role against TP-induced cardiotoxicity by facilitating removal of dysfunctional mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chen Xi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuwen Qiu
- Center of Laboratory Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Center of Laboratory Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Romano S, D'Angelillo A, Staibano S, Simeone E, D'Arrigo P, Ascierto PA, Scalvenzi M, Mascolo M, Ilardi G, Merolla F, Jovarauskaite E, Romano MF. Immunomodulatory pathways regulate expression of a spliced FKBP51 isoform in lymphocytes of melanoma patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:442-52. [PMID: 25895097 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
FKBP51 (gene FKBP5) is an immunophilin capable of immunosuppression expressed in melanoma and lymphocytes. We found increased levels of a spliced FKBP5 variant in the PBMCs of 124 patients with melanoma. This variant encodes for an unknown isoform (FKBP51s). We hypothesized that FKBP51s resulted from tumour interaction with immune cells, through PDL-1/PD-1. To address this issue, we performed melanoma/PBMC cocultures. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry of 76 melanoma specimens served to investigate whether FKBP51s stained tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. Our results showed that PBMCs expressed FKBP51s when cocultured with melanoma. Tumour PDL-1 knockdown or anti-PD-1 reduced FKBP51s expression in cocultured PBMCs. IHC showed a strong FKBP51s signal in tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, and lymphocytes of the invasion front of the tumour, along with melanoma PDL-1 expression. When overexpressed in melanoma, FKBP51s facilitated PDL-1 expression on the cell surface. In conclusion, our study shows that FKBP51s marks the PBMCs of patients with melanoma and is exploited by the tumour to immunomodulate through PDL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna D'Angelillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Simeone
- Melanoma Unit, National Cancer Institute 'G. Pascale Foundation', Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Arrigo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Scalvenzi
- Dermatology Section, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mascolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Egle Jovarauskaite
- Department of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Interleukin-8 is a key mediator of FKBP51-induced melanoma growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1772-81. [PMID: 25942396 PMCID: PMC4647250 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: FKBP51 is overexpressed in melanoma and impacts tumour cell properties. However, its comprehensive role in melanoma pathogenesis and underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. Methods: FKBP51 was stably silenced in aggressive melanoma cell lines and its effect examined in vitro and in mouse model. Histological/immunohistochemical analyses were performed to confirm metastasis, angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration. Gene expression was analyzed by qRT–PCR, immunoblot and/or ELISA. NF-κB transcriptional activity and promoter binding were monitored by luciferase-based promoter-reporter and ChIP assays, respectively. Interleukin (IL)-8 inhibition was achieved by gene silencing or neutralising-antibody treatment. Results: FKBP51 silencing reduced melanoma growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration and led to IL-8 downregulation through NF-κB suppression in cell lines and tumour xenografts. IL-8 inhibition drastically decreased growth, migration and invasiveness of FKPB51-overexpressing cells; whereas its treatment partially restored the suppressed phenotypes of FKBP51-silenced melanoma cells. Interleukin-8 depletion in conditioned medium (CM) of FKBP51-overexpressing melanoma cells inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and capillary-like structure formation, whereas its treatment promoted these effects in endothelial cells cultured in CM of FKBP51-silenced melanoma cells. Conclusions: FKBP51 promotes melanoma growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, and IL-8 plays a key role in these processes. Thus, targeting of FKBP51 or its upstream or downstream regulatory pathways could lead to effective therapeutic strategies against melanoma.
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Romano S, D'Angelillo A, Romano MF. Pleiotropic roles in cancer biology for multifaceted proteins FKBPs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2061-8. [PMID: 25592270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FK506 binding proteins (FKBP) are multifunctional proteins highly conserved across the species and abundantly expressed in the cell. In addition to a well-established role in immunosuppression, FKBPs modulate several signal transduction pathways in the cell, due to their isomerase activity and the capability to interact with other proteins, inducing changes in conformation and function of protein partners. Increasing literature data support the concept that FKBPs control cancer related pathways. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW The aim of the present article is to review current knowledge on FKBPs roles in regulation of key signaling pathways associated with cancer. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Some family members appear to promote disease while others are protective against tumorigenesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE FKBPs family proteins are expected to provide new biomarkers and small molecular targets, in the near future, increasing diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in the cancer field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-Directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna D'Angelillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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Hispidulin Enhances the Anti-Tumor Effects of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma by Activating AMPK. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:701-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Transformation of quiescent adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells into malignant glioma through a multistep reactivation process. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4214-23. [PMID: 25246577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414389111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
How malignant gliomas arise in a mature brain remains a mystery, hindering the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions. We previously showed that oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) can be transformed into glioma when mutations are introduced perinatally. However, adult OPCs rarely proliferate compared with their perinatal counterparts. Whether these relatively quiescent cells have the potential to transform is unknown, which is a critical question considering the late onset of human glioma. Additionally, the premalignant events taking place between initial mutation and a fully developed tumor mass are particularly poorly understood in glioma. Here we used a temporally controllable Cre transgene to delete p53 and NF1 specifically in adult OPCs and demonstrated that these cells consistently give rise to malignant gliomas. To investigate the transforming process of quiescent adult OPCs, we then tracked these cells throughout the premalignant phase, which revealed a dynamic multistep transformation, starting with rapid but transient hyperproliferative reactivation, followed by a long period of dormancy, and then final malignant transformation. Using pharmacological approaches, we discovered that mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is critical for both the initial OPC reactivation step and late-stage tumor cell proliferation and thus might be a potential target for both glioma prevention and treatment. In summary, our results firmly establish the transforming potential of adult OPCs and reveal an actionable multiphasic reactivation process that turns slowly dividing OPCs into malignant gliomas.
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Erlejman AG, De Leo SA, Mazaira GI, Molinari AM, Camisay MF, Fontana V, Cox MB, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Galigniana MD. NF-κB transcriptional activity is modulated by FK506-binding proteins FKBP51 and FKBP52: a role for peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26263-26276. [PMID: 25104352 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.582882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 binding immunophilins FKBP51 and FKBP52 modulate steroid receptor trafficking and hormone-dependent biological responses. With the purpose to expand this model to other nuclear factors that are also subject to nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling, we analyzed whether these immunophilins modulate NF-κB signaling. It is demonstrated that FKBP51 impairs both the nuclear translocation rate of NF-κB and its transcriptional activity. The inhibitory action of FKBP51 requires neither the peptidylprolyl-isomerase activity of the immunophilin nor its association with Hsp90. The TPR domain of FKBP51 is essential. On the other hand, FKBP52 favors the nuclear retention time of RelA, its association to a DNA consensus binding sequence, and NF-κB transcriptional activity, the latter effect being strongly dependent on the peptidylprolyl-isomerase activity and also on the TPR domain of FKBP52, but its interaction with Hsp90 is not required. In unstimulated cells, FKBP51 forms endogenous complexes with cytoplasmic RelA. Upon cell stimulation with phorbol ester, the NF-κB soluble complex exchanges FKBP51 for FKBP52, and the NF-κB biological effect is triggered. Importantly, FKBP52 is functionally recruited to the promoter region of NF-κB target genes, whereas FKBP51 is released. Competition assays demonstrated that both immunophilins antagonize one another, and binding assays with purified proteins suggest that the association of RelA and immunophilins could be direct. These observations suggest that the biological action of NF-κB in different cell types could be positively regulated by a high FKBP52/FKBP51 expression ratio by favoring NF-κB nuclear retention, recruitment to the promoter regions of target genes, and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra G Erlejman
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - Sonia A De Leo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - Gisela I Mazaira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - Alejandro M Molinari
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Camisay
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - Vanina Fontana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - Marc B Cox
- Border Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Graciela Piwien-Pilipuk
- Laboratorio de Arquitectura Nuclear, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental/CONICET, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina, and
| | - Mario D Galigniana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina,; Laboratorio de Receptores Nucleares, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental/CONICET, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina.
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Dai W, Yang F, Ma L, Fan Y, He B, He Q, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhang Q. Combined mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and doxorubicin-loaded cyclic octapeptide modified liposomes for targeting integrin α3 in triple-negative breast cancer. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5347-5358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yu AP, Pei XM, Sin TK, Yip SP, Yung BY, Chan LW, Wong CS, Siu PM. Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:201-13. [PMID: 24581239 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Doxorubicin, a potent chemotherapeutic drug, has been demonstrated previously as an inducer of apoptosis in muscle cells. Extensive induction of apoptosis may cause excessive loss of muscle cells and subsequent functional decline in skeletal muscle. This study examined the effects of acylated ghrelin, a potential agent for treating cancer cachexia, on inhibiting apoptotic signalling in doxorubicin-treated skeletal muscle. Unacylated ghrelin, a form of ghrelin that does not bind to GHSR-1a, is also employed in this study to examine the GHSR-1a signalling dependency of the effects of ghrelin. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to saline control (CON), doxorubicin (DOX), doxorubicin with treatment of acylated ghrelin (DOX+Acylated Ghrelin) and doxorubicin with treatment of unacylated ghrelin (DOX+Unacylated Ghrelin). Mice in all groups that involved DOX were intraperitoneally injected with 15 mg of doxorubicin per kg body weight, whereas mice in CON group received saline as placebo. Gastrocnemius muscle tissues were harvested after the experimental period for analysis. RESULTS The elevation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and number of TUNEL-positive nuclei were accompanied with the upregulation of Bax in muscle after exposure to doxorubicin, but all these changes were neither seen in the muscle treated with acylated ghrelin nor unacylated ghrelin after doxorubicin exposure. Protein abundances of autophagic markers including LC3 II-to-LC3 I ratio, Atg12-5 complex, Atg5 and Beclin-1 were not altered by doxorubicin but were upregulated by the treatment of either acylated or unacyated ghrelin. Histological analysis revealed that the amount of centronucleated myofibres was elevated in doxorubicin-treated muscle while muscle of others groups showed normal histology. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrated that acylated ghrelin administration suppresses the doxorubicin-induced activation of apoptosis and enhances the cellular signalling of autophagy. The treatment of unacylated ghrelin has similar effects as acylated ghrelin on apoptotic and autophagic signalling, suggesting that the effects of ghrelin are probably mediated through a signalling pathway that is independent of GHSR-1a. These findings were consistent with the hypothesis that acylated ghrelin inhibits doxorubicin-induced upregulation of apoptosis in skeletal muscle while treatment of unacylated ghrelin can achieve similar effects as the treatment of acylated ghrelin. The inhibition of apoptosis and enhancement of autophagy induced by acylated and unacylated ghrelin might exert myoprotective effects on doxorubicin-induced toxicity in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Yu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - X. M. Pei
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - T. K. Sin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - S. P. Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - B. Y. Yung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - L. W. Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - C. S. Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - P. M. Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
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Jiang H, Wortsman J, Matsuoka L, Granese J, Carlson JA, Mihm M, Slominski A. Molecular spectrum of pigmented skin lesions: from nevus to melanoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469872.1.5.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Brown RE. Morphoproteomics: exposing protein circuitries in tumors to identify potential therapeutic targets in cancer patients. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 2:337-48. [PMID: 16000081 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2.3.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Morphoproteomics combines the disciplines of histopathology, molecular biology and protein chemistry to paint a portrait of the protein circuitry in diseased cells for the purpose of uncovering molecular targets amenable to specific intervention, thereby customizing therapy for individual patients. This review considers the clinical application of morphoproteomics in malignant cells in the context of currently available pharmaceutical agents and discusses opportunities for combinatorial approaches that involve one or more small molecule inhibitors and single-agent chemotherapy with relatively low toxicity profiles. Future directions that involve focusing on points of convergence in signal transduction pathways and which integrate morphoproteomic with genomic and pharmacoproteomic and protein-function microarray data are offered.
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Altered mRNA expression related to the apoptotic effect of three xanthones on human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cell line. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:715603. [PMID: 24175297 PMCID: PMC3794626 DOI: 10.1155/2013/715603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, and 8-deoxygartanin have significant cytotoxic effects on human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cell line. The current study revealed the underlying mechanisms. α-Mangostin (7.5 μg/mL) activated caspase activity, with a 3-fold and 4-fold increased caspase 8 and 9 activity, respectively. The molecular mechanisms were investigated by qRT-PCR for mRNA related to cell cycle arrest in G1 phase (p21WAF1 and cyclin D1), apoptosis (cytochrome C, Bcl-2, and Bax), and survival pathways (Akt1, NFκB, and IκBα). α-Mangostin significantly upregulated mRNA expression of cytochrome C and p21WAF1 and downregulated that of cyclin D1, Akt1, and NFκB. γ-Mangostin significantly downregulated mRNA expression of Akt1 and NFκB and upregulated p21WAF1 and IκBα. 8-Deoxygartanin significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of p21WAF1 and downregulated that of cyclin D1 and NFκB. The three xanthones significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of the BRAF V600E mutation. Moreover, α-mangostin and γ-mangostin significantly downregulated Akt phosphorylation at Ser473. In conclusion, the three xanthones induced an inhibitory effect on SK-MEL-28 cells by modulating the molecular targets involved in the apoptotic pathways.
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Wu KN, Zhao YM, He Y, Wang BS, Du KL, Fu S, Hu KM, Zhang LF, Liu LZ, Hu YX, Wang YJ, Huang H. Rapamycin interacts synergistically with idarubicin to induce T-leukemia cell apoptosis in vitro and in a mesenchymal stem cell simulated drug-resistant microenvironment via Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin and extracellular signal-related kinase signaling pathways. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:668-76. [PMID: 23741975 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.811579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) are clonal lymphoid malignancies with a poor prognosis, and still a lack of effective treatment. Here we examined the interactions between the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin and idarubicin (IDA) in a series of human T-ALL cell lines Molt-4, Jurkat, CCRF-CEM and CEM/C1. Co-exposure of cells to rapamycin and IDA synergistically induced T-ALL cell growth inhibition and apoptosis mediated by caspase activation via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and extrinsic pathway. Combined treatment with rapamycin and IDA down-regulated Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, and inhibited the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). They also played synergistic pro-apoptotic roles in the drug-resistant microenvironment simulated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a feeder layer. In addition, MSCs protected T-ALL cells from IDA cytotoxicity by up-regulating ERK phosphorylation, while rapamycin efficiently reversed this protective effect. Taken together, we confirm the synergistic antitumor effects of rapamycin and IDA, and provide an insight into the potential future clinical applications of combined rapamycin-IDA regimens for treating T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ni Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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Romano S, Nappo G, Calì G, Wang SYS, Staibano S, D'Angelillo A, Ilardi G, Sorrentino A, Di Pace AL, Siano M, Bisogni R, Romano MF. Synergy between enzastaurin doxorubicin in inducing melanoma apoptosis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:900-11. [PMID: 23866034 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is resistant to most standard chemotherapeutics. We analysed the combined effect of doxorubicin and enzastaurin on cell death of four melanoma cell lines, namely G361, SK-MEL3, A375 and SAN. Enzastaurin IC50 was calculated by measure of growth inhibition with MTS assay and corresponded to 2 μM; the half maximal cytotoxicity of doxorubicin was obtained at 3 μM dose. Evaluation of combination index showed synergism (CI > 1) or additive effect (CI = 1) with all melanoma cell lines, with enzastaurin doses ≥0.6 μM and doxorubicin doses ≥1 μM. Combination of the two drugs resulted in increase in caspase 3 and 8 activation, in comparison with activation by single agents. Caspase 8 activation was impaired by TNFR-1 blocking. Our results show doxorubicin-stimulated production of TNFα, whereas enzastaurin-stimulated TNFR-1 expression on plasma membrane. The effect on TNFR-1 appeared to be mediated by PKCζ inhibition. Taken together, our findings suggest that enzastaurin increases doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of melanoma by a mechanism involving, at least in part, activation of the TNF-α signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Romano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
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