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Zhao F, Zhao P, Chang J, Sun X, Ma X, Shi B, Yin M, Wang Y, Yang Y. Identification and vitro verification of the potential drug targets of active ingredients of Chonglou in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on EMT-related genes. Front Genet 2023; 14:1112671. [PMID: 36824434 PMCID: PMC9942681 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main histological type of lung cancer with an unfavorable survival rate. Metastasis is the leading LUAD-related death with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) playing an essential role. The anticancer efficacies of the active ingredients in Chonglou have been widely reported in various cancers. However, the potential therapeutic targets of the Chonglou active ingredients in LUAD patients remain unknown. Here, the network pharmacology and bioinformatics were performed to analyze the associations of the clinical characteristics, immune infiltration factors and m6A-related genes with the EMT-related genes associated with LUAD (EMT-LUAD related genes), and the molecular docking, STRING, GO, and KEGG enrichment for the drug targets of Chonglou active ingredients associated with EMT (EMT-LUAD-Chonglou related genes). And, cell viability analysis and cell invasion and infiltration analysis were used to confirm the theoretical basis of this study. A total of 166 EMT-LUAD related genes were identified and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model with a favorable predictive accuracy was constructed. Meanwhile, the immune cell infiltration, immune cell subsets, checkpoint inhibitors and the expression of m6A-related genes were significantly associated with the risk scores for EMT-LUAD related genes with independent significant prognostic value of all included LUAD patients. Furthermore, 12 EMT-LUAD-Chonglou related genes with five core drug targets were identified, which participated in LUAD development through extracellular matrix disassembly, collagen metabolic process, collagen catabolic process, extracellular matrix organization, extracellular structure organization and inflammatory response. Moreover, we found that the active ingredients of Chonglou could indeed inhibit the progression of lung adenocarcinoma cells. These results are oriented towards EMT-related genes to achieve a better understanding of the role of Chonglou and its targets in osteosarcoma development and metastasis, thus guiding future preclinical studies and facilitating clinical translation of LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulai Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Chang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyuan Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Binhao Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchen Yin
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yongjun Wang, ; Yanping Yang,
| | - Yanping Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yongjun Wang, ; Yanping Yang,
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Zhang L, Pozsgai É, Song Y, Macharia J, Alfatafta H, Zheng J, Li Z, Liu H, Kiss I. The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms and skin cancer susceptibility: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1094309. [PMID: 36874118 PMCID: PMC9975575 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1094309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interfere with the function of certain genes and thus may influence the probability of skin cancer. The correlation between SNPs and skin cancer (SC) lacks statistical power, however. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the gene polymorphisms involved in skin cancer susceptibility using network meta-analysis and to determine the relationship between SNPs and SC risk. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for articles including "SNP" and different types of SC as keywords between January 2005 and May 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess bias judgments. The odds ratio (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined to estimate heterogeneity within and between studies. Meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were carried out to identify the SNPs associated with SC. The P-score of each SNP was compared to obtain the rank of probability. Subgroup analyses were performed by cancer type. Results A total of 275 SNPs from 59 studies were included in the study. Two subgroup SNP networks using the allele model and dominant model were analyzed. The alternative alleles of rs2228570 (FokI) and rs13181 (ERCC2) were the first-ranking SNPs in both subgroups one and two of the allele model, respectively. The homozygous dominant genotype and heterozygous genotype of rs475007 in subgroup one and the homozygous recessive genotype of rs238406 in subgroup two were most likely to be associated with skin cancer based on the dominant model. Conclusions According to the allele model, SNPs FokI rs2228570 and ERCC2 rs13181 and, according to the dominant model, SNPs MMP1 rs475007 and ERCC2 rs238406 are closely linked to SC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Health Science, Doctoral School of Health Science, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Pozsgai
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Yongan Song
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - John Macharia
- Department of Health Science, Doctoral School of Health Science, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Huda Alfatafta
- Department of Health Science, Doctoral School of Health Science, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoyi Li
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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Mohammed SMA, Sabry HH, Ameen SG, Salem RM. MMP-1 (519 A/G) and TIMP-1 (372 T/C) genes polymorphism in an Egyptian sample of Acne vulgaris patients. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:1705-1711. [PMID: 34214240 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family members may be implicated in acne vulgaris development. However, there are no published data about the role of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 gene polymorphisms in acne vulgaris development. AIMS To evaluate the association between MMP-1 (519 A/G) and TIMP-1 (372 T/C) gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing acne vulgaris among a sample of Egyptian acne patients. PATIENTS/METHODS This case-control study included 100 acne vulgaris patients and 120 apparently healthy control subjects. Acne severity was assessed according to Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). MMP-1 (519 A/G) and TIMP-1 (372 T/C) gene polymorphisms were investigated using RFLP-PCR technique. RESULTS The MMP-1 (519 A/G) AG and GG genotypes and G allele increase the risk of acne vulgaris~2-3 folds. In female patients, TIMP-1 (372 C/T) TT genotype and T allele showed significantly higher frequency in cases compared with the control group (p = 0.004, 0.001 respectively) with a higher risk to develop acne. On the other hand, in male patients, there was insignificant difference between the frequency of alleles in patients and control subjects. TIMP-1 (372C/T) TT genotype has been shown to be significantly detected in the studied female patients associated with the positive family history of the disease, and it increases the risk of back affection, severe acne grade development, and the liability to postacne scar formation. CONCLUSION MMP-1 (519 A/G) and TIMP-1 (372 T/C) gene polymorphisms may be related to acne vulgaris development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanan Hassan Sabry
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Seham Gouda Ameen
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mohammed Salem
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Zhou C, Jin H, Li W, Zhao R, Chen C. CTNNB1 S37C mutation causing cells proliferation and migration coupled with molecular mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:681. [PMID: 33987379 PMCID: PMC8106026 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the potential cytological effects and molecular mechanisms of β-catenin (CTNNB1) S37C mutation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods CTNNB1 with S37C mutation were transfected into LUAD cell lines. The expression of β-catenin were determined using Western blot. Cell proliferation and migration were detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and wound healing assay, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on LUAD cells with CTNNB1 S37C mutation (CTNNB1 mutation group) and LUAD cells without treatment (Control group), followed by the screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were performed for the DEGs. Finally, the expression of key DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results CTNNB1 with S37C mutation was successful expressed in 2 cell lines. Cells proliferation and migration were significantly promoted in mutation group in comparison with that of Control group (P<0.05). A total of 180 DEGs were revealed between Control and CTNNB1 mutation groups. These DEGs were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix function and nicotine addiction pathway. PPI network contained 51 DEGs and 45 interactions. PTPRD, GNG7 and CNTN1 were hub genes in PPI network with higher degree. CGB5 interacted with PTPRU, while IGFBP3 showed interaction with MMP1. Results of qRT-PCR confirmed the expression of several key DEGs in transcriptome analysis. Conclusions CTNNB1 S37C mutation contributed the LUAD cells proliferation and migration. PTPRD, IGFBP-3, MMP1 and PTPRU might play roles in the effect of CTNNB1 S37C mutation in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haizhen Jin
- The Central Lab, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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A Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Polymorphism, MMP1-1607 (1G>2G), Is Associated with Increased Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis Including 21,327 Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:7565834. [PMID: 30627228 PMCID: PMC6305015 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7565834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) polymorphism MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) has been associated with susceptibility to various cancers, these findings are controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to explore the association between MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) and cancer risk. A systematic search of literature through PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar yielded 77 articles with 21,327 cancer patients and 23,245 controls. The association between the MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) polymorphism and cancer risks was detected in an allele model (2G vs. 1G, overall risk [OR]: 1.174, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.107-1.244), a dominant model (2G2G/1G2G vs. 1G1G OR, OR: 1.192, 95% CI: 1.090-1.303), and a recessive model (2G2G vs. 1G2G/1G1G, OR: 1.231, 95% CI: 1.141-1.329). In subgroup analysis, these associations were detected in both Asians and Caucasians. After stratification by cancer types, associations were found in lung, colorectal, nervous system, renal, bladder, and nasopharyngeal cancers. This meta-analysis revealed that MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated risk of cancers.
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Relationship of long-term prognosis to MMP and TIMP polymorphisms in patients after ST elevation myocardial infarction. J Appl Genet 2017; 58:331-341. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-016-0388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Moro N, Mauch C, Zigrino P. Metalloproteinases in melanoma. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:23-9. [PMID: 24530009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour cell adhesion, motility, proteolytic activities and cell receptors have important roles in cancer invasion. These processes are involved from early development of melanoma within the epidermis, to tumour cell invasion of the underlying tissue until intravasation of lymphatic or blood vessels, and thereafter, dissemination into distant organs occur. The activity of several proteolytic enzymes was shown to be pivotal in promoting melanoma cell invasion. These enzymes not only remodel the extracellular matrix, but also release active factors and shed cell surface receptors thereby mediating melanoma cross-communication with their microenvironment. This leads to the generation of a favourable environment for melanoma growth. Several proteases are involved in melanoma invasion and include serine, cysteine proteases, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and the disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs). This study summarises the current knowledge on the role of metalloproteinases, MMPs and ADAMs, in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Moro
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Paola Zigrino
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Germany.
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Guan X, Wang LE, Liu Z, Sturgis EM, Wei Q. Association between a rare novel TP53 variant (rs78378222) and melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck and lung cancer susceptibility in non-Hispanic Whites. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:873-8. [PMID: 23742673 PMCID: PMC3729608 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies have investigated the association between a newly reported rare functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TP53 (rs78378222) and cancer risk, but generated inconsistent findings. The present study further investigated this association with risk of melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) and lung cancer. Using volunteers of non-Hispanic Whites recruited for three large case–control studies, we genotyped the TP53 rs78378222 SNP in 1329 patients with melanoma, 1096 with SCCHN, 1013 with lung cancer and 3000 cancer-free controls. Overall, we did not observe any variant homozygotes in this study population, nor significant associations between the TP53 rs78378222AC genotype or C allele and risk for melanoma (P = 0.680 and 0.682 respectively) and lung cancer (P = 0.379 and 0.382 respectively), but a protection against SCCHN (P = 0.008 and 0.008 respectively), compared with the AA genotype or A allele. An additional meta-analysis including 19,423 cancer patients and 54,050 controls did not support such a risk association either. Our studies did not provide statistical evidence of an association between this rare TP53 variant and increased risk of melanoma, nor of lung cancer, but a possible protection against SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Zabala W, Cruz R, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Chaparro M, Panes J, Echarri A, Esteve M, Carpio D, Andreu M, García-Planella E, Domenech E, Carracedo A, Gisbert JP, Barros F. New genetic associations in thiopurine-related bone marrow toxicity among inflammatory bowel disease patients. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:631-40. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The toxicity related to thiopurine drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) varies widely among patients. Almost 15–30% of patients with IBD develop side effects during treatment, often bone marrow suppression. Several factors have been implicated in determining this toxicity, mainly individual genetic variation related to formation of active thiopurine metabolites. The aim was to identify genes involved in thiopurine-related myelosuppression. Materials & methods: A two-stage investigation of 19,217 coding SNPs (cSNPs) was performed in a Spanish (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group of Galicia [EIGA]) cohort of 173 IBD patients, 15 with bone marrow suppression. The top 20 cSNPs identified in the first stage with p < 10-3 for allelic test association and SNPs that define the common TPMT alleles were replicated in a different Spanish (ENEIDA) cohort (87 patients, 29 with bone marrow suppression). Results: Several cSNPs showed a significant p-value in the allelic joint analysis (p-Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test ≤2.55 × 10-3) despite no cSNP passing correction for multiple testing in the first cohort. Of note is rs3729961 in the gene IL6ST, a transducer signal chain shared by many cytokines including IL6 (p-value combined = 2.36 × 10-4, odds ratio [95% CI]: 3.41 [1.71–6.78]). In addition, we detected association with rs3749598 in the FSTL5 gene that appears to interact with metalloproteases at the extracellular matrix level (p-value combined = 4.89 × 10-4), odds ratio (95% CI): 3.67 (1.68–8.01). Conclusion: We have identified IL6ST and FSLT5 as new bone marrow suppression susceptibility candidate genes after thiopurine treatment in IBD patients. This is the first report of variants associated with thiopurine-related myelosuppression that was identified by a genome-wide association study. Its validation awaits functional analyses and replication in additional studies. Original submitted 14 September 2012; Revision submitted 13 February 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- William Zabala
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica – SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain and Instituto de Investigaciones Genéticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Del Zulia, Venezuela
| | - Raquel Cruz
- CIBERER – USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - María Chaparro
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Esteve
- Hospital Mutua de Terrassa & CIBEREHD, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Daniel Carpio
- Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Angel Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica – SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain and CIBERER – USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Barros
- Fundación Publica Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain and CIBERER – USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MMP1 promoter region on cutaneous melanoma progression. Melanoma Res 2012; 22:169-75. [PMID: 22198560 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e32834fc46b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported on the associations of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of MMP1 gene with susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma (CM). Considering the reported correlation between MMP1 expression and melanoma progression, we hypothesized that these promoter SNPs might affect CM progression and prognosis. In this study, we examined the associations of seven SNPs with overall survival, as well as six clinicopathological factors in 754 patients with CM. After adjustment for 11 covariates, we observed significant associations of the SNP -422A>T (rs475007) with ulceration status (P=0.012), primary tumor thickness (P=0.040), and anatomic site (P=0.030). We also observed significant associations of the SNP -755T>G (rs498186) with ulceration status (P=0.038) and anatomic site (P=0.003). Two SNPs, -839G>A and -519A>G, were marginally associated with primary tumor thickness, ulceration status, and anatomic site. Furthermore, the frequency of haplotype 2G-G-G-A-A-G-T was higher in patients with ulceration (odds ratio=2.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-4.40, P=0.030) compared with those without ulceration. However, we did not find significant associations of these SNPs with overall survival and other clinical factors. As primary tumor thickness and ulceration status are two important indicators of tumor progression and have significant associations with melanoma prognosis, our results suggested that these promoter SNPs in MMP1 might have potential effects on melanoma progression and prognosis by influencing related clinical factors.
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