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Yin T, Han J, Cui Y, Shang D, Xiang H. Prospect of Gold Nanoparticles in Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:806. [PMID: 38931925 PMCID: PMC11207630 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by its notably poor prognosis and high mortality rate, underscoring the critical need for advancements in its diagnosis and therapy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), with their distinctive physicochemical characteristics, demonstrate significant application potential in cancer therapy. For example, upon exposure to lasers of certain wavelengths, they facilitate localized heating, rendering them extremely effective in photothermal therapy. Additionally, their extensive surface area enables the conjugation of therapeutic agents or targeting molecules, increasing the accuracy of drug delivery systems. Moreover, AuNPs can serve as radiosensitizers, enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy by boosting the radiation absorption in tumor cells. Here, we systematically reviewed the application and future directions of AuNPs in the diagnosis and treatment of PC. Although AuNPs have advantages in improving diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy, as well as minimizing damage to normal tissues, concerns about their potential toxicity and safety need to be comprehensively evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (T.Y.); (J.H.)
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China;
| | - Jingrun Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (T.Y.); (J.H.)
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China;
| | - Yuying Cui
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China;
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (T.Y.); (J.H.)
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China;
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China;
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2
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Selective inhibition of HDAC6 promotes bladder cancer radiosensitization and mitigates the radiation-induced CXCL1 signalling. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1753-1764. [PMID: 36810912 PMCID: PMC10133394 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although trimodality therapy resecting tumours followed by chemoradiotherapy is emerged for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), chemotherapy produces toxicities. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have been identified as an effective strategy to enhance cancer radiotherapy (RT). METHODS We examined the role of HDAC6 and specific inhibition of HDAC6 on BC radiosensitivity by performing transcriptomic analysis and mechanism study. RESULTS HDAC6 knockdown or HDAC6 inhibitor (HDAC6i) tubacin exerted a radiosensitizing effect, including decreased clonogenic survival, increased H3K9ac and α-tubulin acetylation, and accumulated γH2AX, which are similar to the effect of panobinostat, a pan-HDACi, on irradiated BC cells. Transcriptomics of shHDAC6-transduced T24 under irradiation showed that shHDAC6 counteracted RT-induced mRNA expression of CXCL1, SERPINE1, SDC1 and SDC2, which are linked to cell migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, tubacin significantly suppressed RT-induced CXCL1 and radiation-enhanced invasion/migration, whereas panobinostat elevated RT-induced CXCL1 expression and invasion/migration abilities. This phenotype was significantly abrogated by anti-CXCL1 antibody, indicating the key regulator of CXCL1 contributing to BC malignancy. Immunohistochemical evaluation of tumours from urothelial carcinoma patients supported the correlation between high CXCL1 expression and reduced survival. CONCLUSION Unlike pan-HDACi, the selective HDAC6i can enhance BC radiosensitization and effectively inhibit RT-induced oncogenic CXCL1-Snail-signalling, thus further advancing its therapeutic potential with RT.
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3
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Bai J, Guo F, Li M, Li Y, Lei X. Click-based amplification: designed to facilitate various target labelling modes with ultralow background amplification. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:906-916. [PMID: 34458817 PMCID: PMC8341700 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00002k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We here describe a fluorescent signal amplification method termed "Click-based amplification" that can be well integrated with various click-labelling modes, including chemical labelling, genetic incorporation and covalent inhibitor probe mediated target labelling. Picolyl azide (pAz) was used as a functional group of a streptavidin-based amplifier to enhance the efficiency of click chemistry. Click-based amplification provided 3.0-12.7 fold amplification on fixed HeLa cells with different click-labelling modes. Click-based amplification has proven to be superior to tyramide signal amplification (TSA) in view of its low nonspecific amplification and high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, in terms of the challenging signal amplification of tissue specimens, Click-based amplification successfully achieved remarkable fluorescence enhancement on intestinal tissue slices of afatinib-N3 treated mice, which provided direct evidence of the presence of afatinib-N3 in the intestinal tissues and helped in revealing the off-target toxicity of afatinib. Collectively, these results illustrate that Click-based amplification could serve as a promising method for bioimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences Beijing China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing China
| | - Yulong Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences Beijing China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
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4
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Yin X, Zhao Z, Yin Y, Shen C, Chen X, Cai Z, Wang J, Chen Z, Yin Y, Zhang B. Adverse event profiles of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:919-933. [PMID: 33382906 PMCID: PMC8212741 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of agents targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with various cancers was well elucidated. However, the safety profile of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has not been systematically investigated. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety profile of EGFR-TKIs in patients with cancer. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases, ASCO, and ESMO abstracts were conducted. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared safety profile of EGFR-TKIs with placebo were included. The end points included treatment-related adverse events (AEs), treatment discontinuation, and toxic death. Twenty-eight RCTs containing 17,800 patients were included. The analyses showed that the most frequently observed all-grade AEs in patients treated with EGFR-TKIs were diarrhea (53.7%), rash (48.6%), mucositis (46.5%), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased (38.9%), and skin reaction (35.2%). The most common high-grade (grade ≥3) AEs were mucositis (14.8%), pain (8.2%,), metabolism and nutrition disorders (7.4%), diarrhea (6.2%), dyspnea (6.1%), and hypertension (6.1%). The incidence of serious AEs, treatment discontinuation, and toxic death due to AEs were 18.2%, 12.36%, and 3.0%, respectively. Pooled risk ratio (RR) showed that the use of EGFR-TKIs was associated with an increased risk of developing AEs. Subgroup analysis indicated that the risk of AEs varied significantly according to tumor type, generation line, and drug type. Our meta-analysis indicates EGFR-TKIs was associated with a significant increased risk of a series of unique AEs. Early detection and proper management of AEs are important to reduce morbidity, avoid treatment discontinuation, and improve patient quality of life. Study Highlights WHAT IS THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE TOPIC? The safety profile of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) varied in different trials, and has not been systemically investigated. WHAT QUESTION DID THIS STUDY ADDRESS? We conducted this meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) to provide a comprehensive evaluation of adverse event in patients with cancer receiving EGFR-TKIs. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD TO OUR KNOWLEDGE? Our meta-analysis indicates EGFR-TKIs was associated with a significant increased risk of a series of unique adverse events (AEs). HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OR TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE? The integrated understanding of safety profile of EGFR-TKIs will help in the future design of new EGFR-TKIs with a better safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhou Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chaoyong Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhaolun Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yiqiong Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Silina L, Maksut F, Bernard-Pierrot I, Radvanyi F, Créhange G, Mégnin-Chanet F, Verrelle P. Review of Experimental Studies to Improve Radiotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer: Comments and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E87. [PMID: 33396795 PMCID: PMC7795454 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is among the top ten most common cancer types in the world. Around 25% of all cases are muscle-invasive bladder cancer, for which the gold standard treatment in the absence of metastasis is the cystectomy. In recent years, trimodality treatment associating maximal transurethral resection and radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy is increasingly used as an organ-preserving alternative. However, the use of this treatment is still limited by the lack of biomarkers predicting tumour response and by a lack of targeted radiosensitising drugs that can improve the therapeutic index, especially by limiting side effects such as bladder fibrosis. In order to improve the bladder-preserving treatment, experimental studies addressing these main issues ought to be considered (both in vitro and in vivo studies). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews, we conducted a literature search in PubMed on experimental studies investigating how to improve bladder cancer radiotherapy with different radiosensitising agents using a comprehensive search string. We made comments on experimental model selection, experimental design and results, formulating the gaps of knowledge still existing: such as the lack of reliable predictive biomarkers of tumour response to chemoradiation according to the molecular tumour subtype and lack of efficient radiosensitising agents specifically targeting bladder tumour cells. We provided guidance to improve forthcoming studies, such as taking into account molecular characteristics of the preclinical models and highlighted the value of using patient-derived xenografts as well as syngeneic models. Finally, this review could be a useful tool to set up new radiation-based combined treatments with an improved therapeutic index that is needed for bladder preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Silina
- French League Against Cancer Team, CNRS UMR144, Curie Institute and PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; (I.B.-P.); (F.R.)
- CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM U1196, Curie Institute, PSL Research University and Paris-Saclay University, Rue H. Becquerel, 91405 Orsay, France; (F.M.); (F.M.-C.)
| | - Fatlinda Maksut
- CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM U1196, Curie Institute, PSL Research University and Paris-Saclay University, Rue H. Becquerel, 91405 Orsay, France; (F.M.); (F.M.-C.)
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- French League Against Cancer Team, CNRS UMR144, Curie Institute and PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; (I.B.-P.); (F.R.)
| | - François Radvanyi
- French League Against Cancer Team, CNRS UMR144, Curie Institute and PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; (I.B.-P.); (F.R.)
| | - Gilles Créhange
- Radiation Oncology Department, Curie Institute, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Frédérique Mégnin-Chanet
- CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM U1196, Curie Institute, PSL Research University and Paris-Saclay University, Rue H. Becquerel, 91405 Orsay, France; (F.M.); (F.M.-C.)
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM U1196, Curie Institute, PSL Research University and Paris-Saclay University, Rue H. Becquerel, 91405 Orsay, France; (F.M.); (F.M.-C.)
- Radiation Oncology Department, Curie Institute, 75005 Paris, France;
- Clermont Auvergne University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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6
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Tien Y, Tsai CL, Hou WH, Chiang Y, Hsu FM, Tsai YC, Cheng JCH. Targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 enhances radiosensitivity and reduces the metastatic potential of Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:58. [PMID: 32143669 PMCID: PMC7060577 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sublethal radiation induces matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)-mediated radioresistance in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and their metastatic dissemination. We aim to determine if EGFR/HER2 activation associates with MMP-9-mediated radioresistance and invasiveness in irradiated LLC cells. METHODS LLC cells were treated with erlotinib or afatinib followed by sublethal radiation. After irradiation, we examined the phosphorylation of EGFR/HER2 and MMP-9 expression. Colony formation assay determined if the kinase inhibitors sensitize LLC cells to radiation. Matrigel-coated Boyden chamber assay assessed cellular invasiveness. Resulting tumors of wild-type LLC cells or HER2 knock-down mutant cells were irradiated to induce pulmonary metastases. RESULTS Afatinib more effectively sensitized LLC cells to radiation and decreased invasiveness by inhibiting phosphorylation of EGFR, HER2, Akt, ERK, and p38, and down-regulating MMP-9 when compared to erlotinib. Afatinib abolished radiation-induced lung metastases in vivo. Furthermore, LLC HER2 knock-down cells treated with radiation had growth inhibition. CONCLUSION Dual inhibition of radiation-activated EGFR and HER2 signaling by afatinib suppressed the proliferation and invasion of irradiated LLC cells. Increased radiosensitivity and decreased metastatic dissemination were observed by pharmacological or genetic HER2 inhibition in vivo. These findings indicate that HER2 plays a pivotal role in enhancing radioresistance and reducing metastatic potential of LLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tien
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Taoyuan city, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ling Tsai
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsien Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yun Chiang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ming Hsu
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- Graduate Institutes of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institutes of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institutes of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Sun W, Li J. Skin Toxicities with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:253-264. [PMID: 31303065 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1634089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We fully investigate the skin toxicities of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in cancer patients. The studies about randomized controlled trials in cancer treatment with EGFR-TKIs were retrieved and the systematic evaluation was conducted. The results suggest that EGFR-TKIs significantly increase the risk of skin toxicities including all-grade rash, pruritus, dry skin, and high-grade rash, pruritus. However, the risk of high-grade dry skin did not increase. Rash was the most common toxicity. Physicians should be aware of skin toxicities and should monitor cancer patients when receiving EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Sun
- a Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jing Li
- b College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
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8
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Li J, Sun W. Fatigue with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Chemother 2019; 30:323-331. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2018.1516269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Sun
- Chengdu Univeisity, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Longtan Industrial Park, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Li J, Gu J. Diarrhea with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 134:31-38. [PMID: 30771871 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed an meta-analysis to fully investigate the diarrhea of EGFR-TKIs in cancer patients. The relevant studies of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in cancer patients treated with EGFR-TKIs were retrieved and the systematic evaluation was conducted. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched for articles published till August 2017. The relevant RCTs in cancer patients treated with EGFR-TKIs were retrieved and the systematic evaluation was conducted. Twenty-four RCTs and 13,748 patients were included. The current analysis suggested that the use of EGFR-TKIs increased the risk of all-grade diarrhea (RR 3.45; 95%CI, 2.94-4.06; p<0.00001) and high-grade (≥grade 3) diarrhea (RR 8.22;95%CI, 6.02-11.23; p<0.00001). On subgroup analysis, the risk of all-grade and high-grade diarrhea varied significantly within drug type. The risk of all-grade diarrhea varied significantly according to cancer type, whereas the risk of high-grade diarrhea did not. The risk of all-grade and high-grade diarrhea did not varied significantly based on treatment line, treatment duration and median age. The available data suggested that the use of EGFR-TKIs is associated with a significantly increased risk of diarrhea in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University (No.16 South 4th Section), 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University (No.16 South 4th Section), 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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Li W, Wang Y, Tan S, Rao Q, Zhu T, Huang G, Li Z, Liu G. Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and HER-2 in Bladder Carcinoma and Its Association with Patients' Clinical Features. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7178-7185. [PMID: 30296252 PMCID: PMC6190725 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the expression of EGFR/HER-2 and investigate their association with patients' clinical features in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was utilized in our study to explore the expression of EGFR/HER-2 of 56 human bladder cancer samples and 10 normal bladder samples. RESULTS EGFR and HER-2 expressions were both significantly higher in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) than that in non-cancer bladder samples; the EGFR positivity rate was 55.4% among BTCC samples and 37.5% for HER-2a. A statistically significant correlation was also present between the increasing EGFR or HER-2 expression levels and the clinical stages, pathologic grades, and tumor recurrence. The expression level of EGFR increased along with higher clinical stages and pathologic grades of BTCC, and the obviously increased expression of HER-2 was statistically associated with clinical stages and tumor recurrence. In addition, the expression level of HER-2 increased along with the higher clinical stage of BTCC. EGFR expression and HER-2 levels were positively associated in BTCC samples. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that high EGFR and HER-2 expressions are dramatically increased in the BTCC tissues and are closely related to the clinical stages, pathologic grades, and tumor recurrence. Therefore, the evaluation of EGFR and HER-2 expression in BTCC may contribute to identifying patients who are at increased risk of disease progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Youquan Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Shubo Tan
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Qishuo Rao
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Tian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Guo Huang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Guowen Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China (mainland)
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11
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Wu S, Zhu L, Tu L, Chen S, Huang H, Zhang J, Ma S, Zhang S. AZD9291 Increases Sensitivity to Radiation in PC-9-IR Cells by Delaying DNA Damage Repair after Irradiation and Inducing Apoptosis. Radiat Res 2018; 189:283-291. [PMID: 29332537 DOI: 10.1667/rr14682.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AZD9291 is a novel, irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), which is administered orally. It has been proven effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, with both EGFR-sensitizing and EGFR T790M mutations in preclinical models. However, the potential therapeutic effects of AZD9291 combined with other modalities, including ionizing radiation, are not well understood. The presence of AZD9291 significantly increases the cell-killing effects of radiation in PC-9-IR cells with a secondary EGFR mutation (T790M), which was developed from NSCLC PC-9 cells (human lung adenocarcinoma cell with EGFR 19 exon 15 bp deletion) after chronic exposure to increasing doses of gefitinib, and in H1975 cells (human lung adenocarcinoma cell with EGFR exon 20 T790M mutation de novo), but not in PC-9 cells or in H460 cells (human lung adenocarcinoma cell with wild-type EGFR). In PC-9-IR cells, AZD9291 remarkably decreases phosphorylation levels of EGFR, extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT). AZD9291 increases sensitivity to radiation in PC-9-IR cells by delaying deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage repair after irradiation and inducing apoptosis, and enhances tumor growth inhibition when combined with radiation in PC-9-IR xenografts. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic effect of AZD9291 as a radiation sensitizer in lung cancer cells with an acquired EGFR T790M mutation, providing a rationale for a clinical trial using the combination of AZD9291 and radiation in NSCLCs harboring acquired T790M mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghai Wu
- a Department of Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lucheng Zhu
- b Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linglan Tu
- c Centre of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- d Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Haixiu Huang
- b Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- b Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- e Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- b Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Smolensky D, Rathore K, Cekanova M. Molecular targets in urothelial cancer: detection, treatment, and animal models of bladder cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:3305-3322. [PMID: 27784990 PMCID: PMC5063594 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer remains one of the most expensive cancers to treat in the United States due to the length of required treatment and degree of recurrence. In order to treat bladder cancer more effectively, targeted therapies are being investigated. In order to use targeted therapy in a patient, it is important to provide a genetic background of the patient. Recent advances in genome sequencing, as well as transcriptome analysis, have identified major pathway components altered in bladder cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad background on bladder cancer, including its causes, diagnosis, stages, treatments, animal models, as well as signaling pathways in bladder cancer. The major focus is given to the PI3K/AKT pathway, p53/pRb signaling pathways, and the histone modification machinery. Because several promising immunological therapies are also emerging in the treatment of bladder cancer, focus is also given on general activation of the immune system for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Smolensky
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kusum Rathore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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13
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Zhang S, Zheng X, Huang H, Wu K, Wang B, Chen X, Ma S. Afatinib increases sensitivity to radiation in non-small cell lung cancer cells with acquired EGFR T790M mutation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5832-45. [PMID: 25714021 PMCID: PMC4467405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Afatinib is a second-generation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor and has shown a significant clinical benefit in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR-activating mutations. However, the potential therapeutic effects of afatinib combining with other modalities, including ionizing radiation (IR), are not well understood. In this study, we developed a gefitinib-resistant cell subline (PC-9-GR) with a secondary EGFR mutation (T790M) from NSCLC PC-9 cells after chronic exposures to increasing doses of gefitinib. The presence of afatinib significantly increases the cell killing effect of radiation in PC-9-GR cells harboring acquired T790M, but not in H1975 cells with de novo T790M or in H460 cells that express wild-type EGFR. In PC-9-GR cells, afatinib remarkable blocks baseline of EGFR and ERK phosphorylations, and causes delay of IR-induced AKT phosphorylation. Afatinib treatment also leads to increased apoptosis and suppressed DNA damage repair in irradiated PC-9-GR cells, and enhanced tumor growth inhibition when combined with IR in PC-9-GR xenografts. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic impact of afatinib as a radiation sensitizer in lung cancer cells harboring acquired T790M mutation, providing a rationale for a clinical trial with combination of afatinib and radiation in NSCLCs with EGFR T790M mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zheng
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haixiu Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Zhan WJ, Zhu JF, Wang LM. Inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in RB116 retinoblastoma cells by afatinib treatment. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9249-54. [PMID: 26768746 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of afatinib on the growth, induction of apoptosis in RB116 cells, and reduction of carcinoma growth in the mice transplanted with RB116 cells. The results from MTT assay revealed that afatinib inhibited the growth of RB116 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Proliferation of RB116 cells was reduced to 64 % on treatment with 200 μM concentration of afatinib after 48 h. Afatinib treatment of RB116 cells at 200 μM concentration induced apoptosis and necrosis in 49.7 and 9.4 %, respectively, after 48 h. In the RB116-transplanted mice, treatment with afatinib at 10-mg/kg doses for 45 days caused a significant (p < 0.005) reduction in the tumor volume compared to the control group. The tissue lysates of the mice containing RB116 transplant showed a significant decrease in the expressions of Ki67 and p53 in the afatinib treatment group after 45 days. However, the expression of caspase-3 was increased and of Bcl-2 remained unaltered on treatment with afatinib. Measurement of the body weight of afatinib-treated animals showed no reduction during the study. Thus, afatinib can be of therapeutic value for the treatment of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jiao Zhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linyi People's Hospital, No. 48, Jiefang Road, Lanshan District, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linyi People's Hospital, No. 48, Jiefang Road, Lanshan District, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, China
| | - Long-Mei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linyi People's Hospital, No. 48, Jiefang Road, Lanshan District, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, China.
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15
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Huang S, Peter Rodemann H, Harari PM. Molecular Targeting of Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Radiation Oncology. Recent Results Cancer Res 2016; 198:45-87. [PMID: 27318681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49651-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has been shown to activate and interact with multiple growth factor receptor pathways that can influence tumor response to therapy. Among these receptor interactions, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been the most extensively studied with mature clinical applications during the last decade. The combination of radiation and EGFR-targeting agents using either monoclonal antibody (mAb) or small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) offers a promising approach to improve tumor control compared to radiation alone. Several underlying mechanisms have been identified that contribute to improved anti-tumor capacity after combined treatment. These include effects on cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, tumor cell repopulation, DNA damage/repair, and impact on tumor vasculature. However, as with virtually all cancer drugs, patients who initially respond to EGFR-targeted agents may eventually develop resistance and manifest cancer progression. Several potential mechanisms of resistance have been identified including mutations in EGFR and downstream signaling molecules, and activation of alternative member-bound tyrosine kinase receptors that bypass the inhibition of EGFR signaling. Several strategies to overcome the resistance are currently being explored in preclinical and clinical models, including agents that target the EGFR T790 M resistance mutation or target multiple EGFR family members, as well as agents that target other receptor tyrosine kinase and downstream signaling sites. In this chapter, we focus primarily on the interaction of radiation with anti-EGFR therapies to summarize this promising approach and highlight newly developing opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue K4/336 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, WIMR 3136, 1111 Highland Ave Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - H Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue K4/336 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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16
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Coelho SC, Almeida GM, Pereira MC, Santos-Silva F, Coelho MAN. Functionalized gold nanoparticles improve afatinib delivery into cancer cells. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:133-41. [PMID: 26371512 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1083973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A drug delivery system based on colloidal pegylated gold nanoparticles (PEGAuNPs) conjugated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinib was designed and tested for enhancing the drug activity against pancreatic and NSCLC cells. METHODS PEGAuNPs were synthesized and characterized physicochemically. Confocal imaging was performed to evaluate the nanoparticle (NP) internalization in cancer cells. For cell-cycle distribution analysis, conjugated NPs and afatinib alone were incubated with cells and alterations on the cell-cycle profile subsequently analyzed by total DNA staining. Cancer cell survival and growth inhibition following incubation with afatinib and PEGAuNPs-afatinib (concentrations between 0.007 and 0.500 µM afatinib) were evaluated. RESULTS A higher cellular uptake of PEGAuNPs was observed by cancer cells. Our data suggest an efficient conjugation of PEGAuNPs with the drug, enhancing the afatinib activity in comparison with afatinib alone. In fact, IC50 and GI50 results obtained show that the PEGAuNPs-afatinib conjugate is ca. 5 and 20 times more potent than afatinib alone in S2-013 and A549 cell lines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Conjugating PEGAuNPs with afatinib is a promising antitumor delivery system for cancer therapy as it improves drug efficacy, allowing a reduction in drug dose used and minimizing possible toxicity-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Castro Coelho
- a 1 University of Porto, LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Rua Roberto Frias, PT-4200-465 Porto, Portugal +351 225 081 679 ; +351 225 081 449 ;
| | - Gabriela M Almeida
- b 2 Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Porto, Portugal.,c 3 IPATIMUP, Expression Regulation in Cancer Group , Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- a 1 University of Porto, LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Rua Roberto Frias, PT-4200-465 Porto, Portugal +351 225 081 679 ; +351 225 081 449 ;
| | - Filipe Santos-Silva
- b 2 Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Porto, Portugal.,d 4 IPATIMUP, Public Awareness of Cancer Unit , Porto, Portugal.,e 5 University of Porto, Faculty of Medicine , Porto, Portugal.,f 6 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Eppley Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Manuel A N Coelho
- a 1 University of Porto, LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Rua Roberto Frias, PT-4200-465 Porto, Portugal +351 225 081 679 ; +351 225 081 449 ;
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17
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Tang Y, Zhang X, Qi F, Chen M, Li Y, Liu L, He W, Li Z, Zu X. Afatinib inhibits proliferation and invasion and promotes apoptosis of the T24 bladder cancer cell line. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1851-1856. [PMID: 26136904 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Afatinib is a highly selective, irreversible inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human EGFR 2 (HER-2). Although preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that afatinib has antitumor activity and clinical efficacy in non-small cell lung carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and breast cancer, there are few studies investigating its inhibitory effect on human bladder carcinoma cells. In this study, the antitumor effect of afatinib was investigated on the T24 bladder cancer cell line. The T24 bladder cancer cell line was treated with afatinib at various concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 µmol/l). MTT assay was used to estimate the proliferation of the T24 cells; flow cytometric analysis was used to estimate the effect of afatinib on T24 cell apoptosis; cell invasion ability was assessed by a Transwell invasion assay; and western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. The MTT assay demonstrated that afatinib inhibited the proliferation of T24 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the cell apoptosis rate increased as the concentration of afatinib increased. The cell invasion assay indicated that afatinib treatment significantly inhibited the invasive behavior of T24 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that with increasing afatinib concentrations, Bcl-2, phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2, p-Akt, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels were significantly decreased, whereas total (t)-ERK1/2 and t-Akt expression levels remained basically unchanged, and Bax expression levels were greatly increased. The results indicate that afatinib inhibits the proliferation and invasion of T24 cells in vitro and induces the apoptosis of these cells by inhibiting the EGFR signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Fan Qi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Tsai YC, Ho PY, Tzen KY, Tuan TF, Liu WL, Cheng AL, Pu YS, Cheng JCH. Synergistic Blockade of EGFR and HER2 by New-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Enhances Radiation Effect in Bladder Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:810-20. [PMID: 25589492 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of EGFR has been proved useful in enhancing the effect of radiotherapy, but the advantages of new-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in radiosensitization are not well known. We used two human bladder cancer cells with wild-type EGFR to study the synergism between irradiation and afatinib (an EGFR/HER2 dual kinase inhibitor) or erlotinib (an EGFR kinase inhibitor). Here, we showed that afatinib has better radiosensitizing effect than erlotinib in increasing cancer cell killing, the percentage of apoptotic cells, and DNA damage. Afatinib is also superior to erlotinib in combining radiation to decrease tumor size, inhibit glucose metabolism, and enhance apoptotic proteins in vivo. Finally, erlotinib suppressed cell growth and induced more DNA damage in bladder cancer cells transfected with HER2 shRNA, but not in control vector-treated cells. In conclusion, concomitant blockade of radiation-activated EGFR and HER2 signaling by a new-generation EGFR TKI better inhibits the growth of bladder cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The absence of radiosensitization by EGFR inhibition alone and the greater radiosensitizing effect of EGFR inhibitor in HER2 knocked down cells suggest the synergism between HER2 and EGFR in determining radiosensitivity. The regained radiosensitizing activity of erlotinib implies that with proper HER2 inhibition, EGFR tyrosine kinase is still a potential target to enhance radiotherapy effect in these seemingly unresponsive bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yin Ho
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Tzen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Fan Tuan
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Cancer Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Cancer Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Gurtner K, Ebert N, Pfitzmann D, Eicheler W, Zips D, Baumann M, Krause M. Effect of combined irradiation and EGFR/Erb-B inhibition with BIBW 2992 on proliferation and tumour cure in cell lines and xenografts. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:261. [PMID: 25444177 PMCID: PMC4271482 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-014-0261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In previous experiments an enhanced anti-proliterative effect of the EGFR/ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) BIBW 2992 with single dose irradiation was observed in FaDu tumour xenografts. Aim of the present experiment was to determine if this effect can also be seen in combination with a fractionated radiotherapy. Secondly we investigate the efficacy of BIBW 2992 on local tumour control for UT-SCC-15. MATERIAL AND METHODS Tumour pieces of FaDu, UT-SCC-14, A431, UT-SCC-15 (squamous cell carcinomas) and A7 (glioma) tumour models were transplanted onto the right hind leg of NMRI (nu/nu) nude mice. For evaluation of tumour growth mice were either treated daily orally with BIBW 2992 (30 mg/kg body weight), or carrier up to a final tumour size of 15 mm or with a fractionated radiotherapy (15f/15d, 30 Gy) with simultaneous application of BIBW 2992 or carrier. For local tumour control UT-SCC-15 tumours were treated with a fractionated radiotherapy (30f/6weeks) or received 30f/6 weeks in combination with daily orally BIBW 2992 (22.5 mg/kg b.w.) during RT. RESULTS A significant effect on tumour growth time was observed in all tumour models for BIBW 2992 application alone. However, substantial intertumoural heterogeneity could be seen. In the UT-SCC-14, UT-SCC-15 and A431 tumour models a total regression of the tumours and no recurrence during treatment time (73 days) were determined where as for the A7 tumour only a slight effect was noticeable. For the combined treatment of fractionated radiotherapy (15f/15d) and BIBW 2992 administration a significant effect on tumour growth time was seen compared to irradiation alone for A7, UT-SCC-15 and A431 (ER 1.2 - 3.7), this advantage could not be demonstrated for FaDu and UT-SCC-14. However, the local tumour control was not altered for the UT-SCC-15 tumour model when adding BIBW 2992 to fractionated irradiation (30f/6weeks). CONCLUSION A heterogeneous effect on tumour growth time of BIBW 2992 alone as well as in combination with fractionated irradiation could be demonstrated for all tumour models. However, the significant effect on tumour growth time did not translate into an improvement of local tumour control for the UT-SCC-15 tumour model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Gurtner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UniversityHospital C.G. Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,OncoRay - National Centerfor Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TechnischeUniversität and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden -Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nadja Ebert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UniversityHospital C.G. Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,OncoRay - National Centerfor Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TechnischeUniversität and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden -Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Dorothee Pfitzmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UniversityHospital C.G. Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,OncoRay - National Centerfor Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TechnischeUniversität and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden -Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Eicheler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UniversityHospital C.G. Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,OncoRay - National Centerfor Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TechnischeUniversität and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden -Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Daniel Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Baumann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UniversityHospital C.G. Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,OncoRay - National Centerfor Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TechnischeUniversität and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden -Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mechthild Krause
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UniversityHospital C.G. Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,OncoRay - National Centerfor Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TechnischeUniversität and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden -Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
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20
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de Martino M, Zhuang D, Klatte T, Rieken M, Rouprêt M, Xylinas E, Clozel T, Krzywinski M, Elemento O, Shariat SF. Impact of ERBB2 mutations on in vitro sensitivity of bladder cancer to lapatinib. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1239-47. [PMID: 24971884 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ErbB1 and ErbB2, shows a clinical benefit in a subset of patients with advanced urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). We hypothesized that the corresponding gene, ERBB2, is affected by mutations in a subset of UBC and that these mutations impact ErbB2 function, signaling, UBC proliferation, gene expression, and predict response to lapatinib. We found ERBB2 mutations in 5 of 33 UBC cell lines (15%), all of which were derived from invasive or high grade tumors. Phosphorylation and activation of ErbB2 and its downstream pathways were markedly enhanced in mutated cell lines compared with the ERBB2 wild-type. In addition, the gene expression profile was distinct, specifically for genes encoding for proteins of the extracellular matrix. RT112 cells infected with ERBB2 mutants showed a particular growth pattern ("mini-foci"). Upon treatment with lapatinib, 93% of these "mini-foci" were reversed. The sensitivity to lapatinib was greatest among cell lines with ERBB2 mutations. In conclusion, ERBB2 mutations occur in a subset of UBC and impact proliferation, signaling, gene expression and predict a greater response to lapatinib. If confirmed in the clinical setting, this may lead the way toward personalized treatment of a subset of UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela de Martino
- Department of Urology; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University and General Hospital Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Dazhong Zhuang
- Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University and General Hospital Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Malte Rieken
- Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Morgan Rouprêt
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie; GRC-05; ONCOTYPE-Uro; Université Paris 6; Paris, France; Academic Department of Urology; Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital; Paris, France
| | - Evanguelos Xylinas
- Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Thomas Clozel
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | | | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University and General Hospital Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA; Department of Urology; UT Southwestern; Dallas, TX USA
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21
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HER2/neu: an increasingly important therapeutic target. Part 1: basic biology & therapeutic armamentarium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/cli.14.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Pouliliou S, Koukourakis MI. Gamma histone 2AX (γ-H2AX)as a predictive tool in radiation oncology. Biomarkers 2014; 19:167-80. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.898099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Pouliliou
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Unit, Democritus University of Thrace
AlexandroupolisGreece
| | - Michael I. Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Unit, Democritus University of Thrace
AlexandroupolisGreece
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23
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Atmaca A, Al-Batran SE, Allgäuer M, Jäger E. Afatinib with Concurrent Radiotherapy in a Patient with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Oncol Res Treat 2014; 37:262-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000362488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Qi WX, Tang LN, He AN, Yao Y, Shen Z. Incidence and risk of treatment-related mortality in cancer patients treated with EGFR-TKIs: A meta-analysis of 22 phase III randomized controlled trials. Respir Med 2013; 107:1280-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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