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Göttig L, Schreiner S. E4orf1: The triple agent of adenovirus - Unraveling its roles in oncogenesis, infectious obesity and immune responses in virus replication and vector therapy. Tumour Virus Res 2024; 17:200277. [PMID: 38428735 PMCID: PMC10937242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) are nearly ubiquitous pathogens comprising numerous sub-types that infect various tissues and organs. Among many encoded proteins that facilitate viral replication and subversion of host cellular processes, the viral E4orf1 protein has emerged as an intriguing yet under-investigated player in the complex interplay between the virus and its host. E4orf1 has gained attention as a metabolism activator and oncogenic agent, while recent research is showing that E4orf1 may play a more important role in modulating cellular pathways such as PI3K-Akt-mTOR, Ras, the immune response and further HAdV replication stages than previously anticipated. In this review, we aim to explore the structure, molecular mechanisms, and biological functions of E4orf1, shedding light on its potentially multifaceted roles during HAdV infection, including metabolic diseases and oncogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the role of functional E4orf1 in biotechnological applications such as Adenovirus (AdV) vaccine vectors and oncolytic AdV. By dissecting the intricate relationships between HAdV types and E4orf1 proteins, this review provides valuable insights into viral pathogenesis and points to promising areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Göttig
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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2
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Scarsella L, Ehrke-Schulz E, Paulussen M, Thal SC, Ehrhardt A, Aydin M. Advances of Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors in Preclinical and Clinical Applications. Viruses 2024; 16:377. [PMID: 38543743 PMCID: PMC10974029 DOI: 10.3390/v16030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ad) have the potential to induce severe infections in vulnerable patient groups. Therefore, understanding Ad biology and antiviral processes is important to comprehend the signaling cascades during an infection and to initiate appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In addition, Ad vector-based vaccines have revealed significant potential in generating robust immune protection and recombinant Ad vectors facilitate efficient gene transfer to treat genetic diseases and are used as oncolytic viruses to treat cancer. Continuous improvements in gene delivery capacity, coupled with advancements in production methods, have enabled widespread application in cancer therapy, vaccine development, and gene therapy on a large scale. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the virus biology, and several aspects of recombinant Ad vectors, as well as the development of Ad vector, are discussed. Moreover, we focus on those Ads that were used in preclinical and clinical applications including regenerative medicine, vaccine development, genome engineering, treatment of genetic diseases, and virotherapy in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scarsella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.E.-S.); (A.E.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Science (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Eric Ehrke-Schulz
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.E.-S.); (A.E.)
| | - Michael Paulussen
- Chair of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, 45711 Datteln, Germany;
| | - Serge C. Thal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.E.-S.); (A.E.)
| | - Malik Aydin
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.E.-S.); (A.E.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Science (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
- Chair of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, 45711 Datteln, Germany;
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
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3
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Bauer K, Machherndl-Spandl S, Kazianka L, Sadovnik I, Gültekin S, Suessner S, Proell J, Lauf J, Hoermann G, Eisenwort G, Häfner N, Födermayr-Mayrleitner M, Schmolke AS, van der Kouwe E, Platzbecker U, Lion T, Weltermann A, Zach O, Webersinke G, Germing U, Gabriel C, Sperr WR, Béné MC, Staber PB, Bettelheim P, Valent P. CAR virus receptor mediates erythroid differentiation and migration and is downregulated in MDS. Leukemia 2023; 37:2250-2260. [PMID: 37673973 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are myeloid neoplasms presenting with dysplasia in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral cytopenia. In most patients anemia develops. We screened for genes that are expressed abnormally in erythroid progenitor cells (EP) and contribute to the pathogenesis of MDS. We found that the Coxsackie-Adenovirus receptor (CAR = CXADR) is markedly downregulated in CD45low/CD105+ EP in MDS patients compared to control EP. Correspondingly, the erythroblast cell lines HEL, K562, and KU812 stained negative for CAR. Lentiviral transduction of the full-length CXADR gene into these cells resulted in an increased expression of early erythroid antigens, including CD36, CD71, and glycophorin A. In addition, CXADR-transduction resulted in an increased migration against a serum protein gradient, whereas truncated CXADR variants did not induce expression of erythroid antigens or migration. Furthermore, conditional knock-out of Cxadr in C57BL/6 mice resulted in anemia and erythroid dysplasia. Finally, decreased CAR expression on EP was found to correlate with high-risk MDS and decreased survival. Together, CAR is a functionally relevant marker that is down-regulated on EP in MDS and is of prognostic significance. Decreased CAR expression may contribute to the maturation defect and altered migration of EP and thus their pathologic accumulation in the BM in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Machherndl-Spandl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Kazianka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sinan Gültekin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Proell
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norman Häfner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ann-Sofie Schmolke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emiel van der Kouwe
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Division of Hematology, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Lion
- Children´s Cancer Research Institute Vienna und Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Otto Zach
- Laboratory for Molecular and Genetic Diagnostics, Ordensklinikum, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Webersinke
- Laboratory for Molecular and Genetic Diagnostics, Ordensklinikum, Linz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Gabriel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie C Béné
- Hematology Laboratory, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Bettelheim
- Labor Europaplatz, Linz, Austria
- Laboratory for Molecular and Genetic Diagnostics, Ordensklinikum, Linz, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Lion T. Adenovirus persistence, reactivation, and clinical management. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3571-3582. [PMID: 31411731 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral infections continue posing a major threat in severely immunocompromised patients including particularly allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Although exogenous infections occur in some instances, the majority of invasive events appear to arise from viral reactivation. In the pediatric setting, adenoviruses were demonstrated to persist in the gastrointestinal tract, and the intestinal epithelium serves as the main site of viral replication preceding invasive infection. Regular monitoring of serial stool samples for the presence and load of adenoviruses has therefore become a routine diagnostic tool for post-transplant patient surveillance, and can serve as a trigger for early initiation of treatment. In the adult setting, the source of infection or reactivation is less clear, and monitoring of peripheral blood specimens is the predominant approach for patient surveillance. Timely initiation of antiviral treatment is reportedly required for prevention or successful control of disseminated disease mediated by adenoviruses, and appropriate diagnostic monitoring is therefore of paramount importance. Currently available antiviral agents and immune therapeutic approaches have not been able to entirely overcome the life-threatening courses of invasive adenoviral infections in the immunocompromised clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lion
- St.Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Obeid KM. Infections with DNA Viruses, Adenovirus, Polyomaviruses, and Parvovirus B19 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients and Patients with Hematologic Malignancies. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2019; 33:501-521. [PMID: 30940465 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infections due to adenovirus, polyomaviruses (BK and JC viruses), and parvovirus B19 may not be as common as infections due to other DNA viruses, such as cytomegalovirus in patients with hematological malignancies and the recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, these infections may result in life-threatening diseases that significantly impact patients' recovery, morbidity, and mortality. Treating physicians should be aware of the diseases associated with these viruses, the patient populations at increased risk for complications due to these infections, and the available diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam M Obeid
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC250, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Hiwarkar P, Kosulin K, Cesaro S, Mikulska M, Styczynski J, Wynn R, Lion T. Management of adenovirus infection in patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: State-of-the-art and real-life current approach: A position statement on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Rev Med Virol 2018; 28:e1980. [PMID: 29663594 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The important insights gained over the past years in diagnosis and treatment of invasive adenoviral infections provide new paradigms for the monitoring and clinical management of these life-threatening complications. A meeting was held to discuss and subsequently disseminate the current advances in our understanding of the aetiology/pathogenesis and future treatment options facilitating effective control or prevention of adenovirus-related diseases in the allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant setting. Invited experts in the field discussed recent progress with leading members of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation at the "State-of-the-art" Meeting in Poznan, Poland, in October 2017. In this review article, the panel of experts presents a concise summary of the current evidence based on published data from the last 15 years and on recent achievements resulting from real-life practice. The present position statement reflects an expert opinion on current approaches to clinical management of adenovirus infections in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant and provides graded recommendations of the panel for diagnostic approaches and preemptive therapy reflecting the present state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Hiwarkar
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Karin Kosulin
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Paediatric Hematology-Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Mikulska
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Genoa (DISSAL) and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jan Styczynski
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Wynn
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Lion
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Rodríguez E, Ip WH, Kolbe V, Hartmann K, Pilnitz-Stolze G, Tekin N, Gómez-Medina S, Muñoz-Fontela C, Krasemann S, Dobner T. Humanized Mice Reproduce Acute and Persistent Human Adenovirus Infection. J Infect Dis 2016; 215:70-79. [PMID: 28077585 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe human adenovirus (HAdV) infections are an increasing threat for immunosuppressed individuals, particularly those who have received stem cell transplants. It has been previously hypothesized that severe infections might be due to reactivation of a persistent infection, but this hypothesis has been difficult to test owing to the lack of a permissive in vivo model of HAdV infection. Here we established a humanized mouse model that reproduces features of acute and persistent HAdV infection. In this model, acute infection correlated with high mortality, weight loss, liver pathology, and expression of viral proteins in several organs. In contrast, persistent infection was asymptomatic and led to establishment of HAdV-specific adaptive immunity and expression of early viral genes exclusively in the bone marrow. These findings validate the use of humanized mice to study acute and persistent HAdV infection and strongly suggest the presence of cellular reservoirs in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Rodríguez
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wing Hang Ip
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Kolbe
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Hartmann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Gundula Pilnitz-Stolze
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nilgün Tekin
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergio Gómez-Medina
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg, Germany
| | - César Muñoz-Fontela
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Thomas Dobner
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg, Germany
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