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Idkaidek N, Al-Tarawneh A, Alshoaibi L, Tuffaha H, Zinati A, Abdelqader M, Al-Ghazawi A, Rabayah A, Hamadi S. Saliva Versus Plasma Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Valproic Acid in Jordanian Patients. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2024. [PMID: 39029516 DOI: 10.1055/a-2357-8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring is used to ensure that medications are prescribed and administered according to safe doseage advice and for the purpose of achieving the desired therapeutic effects in patients. Several methods are used to perform therapeutic drug monitoring. However, there is insufficient evidence to currently support therapeutic drug monitoring of Valproic acid using salivary samples. The aim of this paper is to determine the feasibility of using salivary samples as a substitute for plasma samples for therapeutic drug monitoring of Valproic acid. In this study a total of 23 patients participated, with the mean age of 33.39. Salivary and plasma samples were collected and analysed to determine the peak and trough concentrations of Valproic acid for comparison between the two methods. Calibrated LC- MS/ MS was used to measure Valproic acid levels. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA test and ethical approval was obtained prior to sample collection. The results showed that saliva Valproic acid levels were less than that of plasma levels. There was no significant correlation between saliva and plasma level of Valproic acid (P>0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between the area under the curve for both saliva and plasma Valproic acid (P<0.05). Creatinine clearance was significantly correlated with peak plasma levels of Valproic acid (P<0.05). Albumin was significantly correlated with plasma levels of Valproic acid. There was also a significantly positive and moderate relationship between Log Saliva Cmax and Log plasma free Valproic acid concentration (r=0.76, p<0.018). In conclusion, saliva samples can be used as a substitute for plasma samples in the therapeutic drug monitoring of Valproic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Idkaidek
- Department of Pharmaceutical science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aya Al-Tarawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
- Albasheer Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Laith Alshoaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
- Albasheer Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haya Tuffaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | | | | | - Salim Hamadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
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2
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Fazl F, Gholivand MB. Characterization and optimization of magnetic molecularly imprinted nanofibers for determination of sunitinib in human serum and capsule samples. Talanta 2024; 279:126588. [PMID: 39047626 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This article reports a spectrofluorometric method for the determination of sunitinib (STB) drug based on molecularly imprinted nanofibers fabricated by the electrospinning method and modified by magnetic nanoparticles as sorbent. The characterization of magnetic molecularly imprinted nanofibers (MMINs) was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which confirmed the successful synthesis of MMINs with well-distributed magnetite nanoparticles. Drug adsorption and desorption were optimized and important parameters such as sample pH, nanofiber mass, adsorption and desorption time, eluent solvent and sample volume were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the MMINs act as a selective sorbent for STB and can be readily collected through an external magnetic field. Methanol was used as the best eluent solvent for STB desorption from MNIN. A linear correlation was observed between the STB concentrations and fluorescence intensities in the range of 0.01-15.0 mg L-1. The detection limit for this method was 0.002 mg L-1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.6 % for 1.0 mg L-1 and 1.1 % for 10 mg L-1 of STB (n = 3) were obtained, which indicates that the developed method is precise in determining STB. Human serum and capsule analysis show the applicability of the proposed sensor for real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Fazl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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3
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Fu Q, Zhang S, Shen S, Gu Z, Chen J, Song D, Sun P, Wang C, Guo Z, Xiao Y, Gao YQ, Guo Z, Liu Z. Radiotherapy-triggered reduction of platinum-based chemotherapeutic prodrugs in tumours. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01239-x. [PMID: 39025943 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pt(II) drugs are a widely used chemotherapeutic, yet their side effects can be severe. Here we show that the radiation-induced reduction of Pt(IV) complexes to cytotoxic Pt(II) drugs is rapid, efficient and applicable in water, that it is mediated by hydrated electrons from water radiolysis and that the X-ray-induced release of Pt(II) drugs from an oxaliplatin prodrug in tumours inhibits their growth, as we show with nearly complete tumour regression in mice with subcutaneous human tumour xenografts. The combination of low-dose radiotherapy with a Pt(IV)-based antibody-trastuzumab conjugate led to the tumour-selective release of the chemotherapeutic in mice and to substantial therapeutic benefits. The radiation-induced local reduction of platinum prodrugs in the reductive tumour microenvironment may expand the utility of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyong Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengwei Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Qin Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
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Al Dali S, Al-Badriyeh D, Gulied A, Hamad A, Hail MA, Rouf PVA, El-Kassem W, Abushanab D. Characteristics of the clinical pharmacist interventions at the National Center for Cancer Care and Research Hospital in Qatar. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2024; 30:792-801. [PMID: 37431260 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231187305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-related problems (DRPs) affect the health outcomes of patients during hospitalization. We sought to analyze the clinical pharmacist-documented interventions among hospitalized patients in the cancer hospital in Qatar. METHODS A retrospective analysis of electronically reported clinical pharmacist interventions of patients admitted to cancer units at Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar was conducted. Extracted data was based on an overall 3-month follow-up period; March 1-31, 2018, July 15-August 15, 2018 and January 1-31, 2019. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages, while continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). RESULTS A total of 281 cancer patients with 1354 interventions were included. The average age of the study participants was 47 years (SD ± 17.36). The majority of the study population was females (n = 154, 54.80%). The prevailing pharmacist intervention was the addition of a drug therapy (n = 305, 22.53%), followed by medication discontinuation (n = 288, 21.27%) and the addition of a prophylactic agent (n = 174, 12.85%). This pattern was similar across all subgroups (i.e., gender, age, ward), except for the urgent care unit, where an increase in medication dose was the third highest frequently identified intervention (n = 3, 0.22%). The two medication groups associated with the majority of interventions were the anti-infective and fluid/electrolyte agents. Most of the interventions documented were in the oncology ward (73.19%), while the urgent care unit had the least documented interventions (1.62%). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis showed that clinical pharmacists can effectively identify and prevent DRPs among hospitalized cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al Dali
- Department of Pharmacy, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Amaal Gulied
- Department of Pharmacy, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anas Hamad
- Department of Pharmacy, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Moza Al Hail
- Department of Pharmacy, Hamad Bin Khalifa Medical City, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Wessam El-Kassem
- Department of Pharmacy, Hamad Bin Khalifa Medical City, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dina Abushanab
- Department of Pharmacy, Hamad Bin Khalifa Medical City, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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5
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Widmer N, Guidi M, Buclin T. Population Pharmacokinetics in Oncology and Its Clinical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:711. [PMID: 38931835 PMCID: PMC11207012 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Most traditional cytotoxic drugs are characterized by steep dose-response relationships and narrow therapeutic windows [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Widmer
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.G.); (T.B.)
- Pharmacy of the Eastern Vaud Hospitals, 1847 Rennaz, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Monia Guidi
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.G.); (T.B.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.G.); (T.B.)
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Robles-Bañuelos B, Romo-Perez A, Dominguez-Gomez G, Chavez-Blanco A, Gonzalez-Fierro A, Duenas-Gonzalez A. Selection of clinically relevant drug concentrations for in vitro studies of candidates drugs for cancer repurposing: a proposal. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1077-1088. [PMID: 38064014 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Drug repurposing of widely prescribed patent-off and cheap drugs may provide affordable drugs for cancer treatment. Nevertheless, many preclinical studies of cancer drug repurposing candidates use in vitro drug concentrations too high to have clinical relevance. Hence, preclinical studies must use clinically achievable drug concentrations. In this work, several FDA-approved cancer drugs are analyzed regarding the correlation between the drug inhibitory concentrations 50% (IC50) tested in cancer cell lines and their corresponding peak serum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) reported in clinical studies of these drugs. We found that for most targeted cancer drugs, the AUC and not the Cmax is closest to the IC50; therefore, we suggest that the initial testing of candidate drugs for repurposing could select the AUC pharmacokinetic parameter and not the Cmax as the translated drug concentration for in vitro testing. Nevertheless, this is a suggestion only as experimental evidence does not exist to prove this concept. Studies on this issue are required to advance in cancer drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Robles-Bañuelos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Romo-Perez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Dominguez-Gomez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Chavez-Blanco
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aurora Gonzalez-Fierro
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Duenas-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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7
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Briki M, Murisier A, Guidi M, Seydoux C, Buclin T, Marzolini C, Girardin FR, Thoma Y, Carrara S, Choong E, Decosterd LA. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for the therapeutic drug monitoring of cytotoxic anticancer drugs: An update. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1236:124039. [PMID: 38490042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, there is increasing evidence that conventional cytotoxic agents may be suitable candidates for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)- guided drug dosage adjustments and patient's tailored personalization of non-selective chemotherapies. To that end, many liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays have been developed for the quantification of conventional cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapies, that have been comprehensively and critically reviewed. The use of stable isotopically labelled internal standards (IS) of cytotoxic drugs was strikingly uncommon, accounting for only 48 % of the methods found, although their use could possible to suitably circumvent patients' samples matrix effects variability. Furthermore, this approach would increase the reliability of cytotoxic drug quantification in highly multi-mediated cancer patients with complex fluctuating pathophysiological and clinical conditions. LC-MS/MS assays can accommodate multiplexed analyses of cytotoxic drugs with optimal selectivity and specificity as well as short analytical times and, when using stable-isotopically labelled IS for quantification, provide concentrations measurements with a high degree of certainty. However, there are still organisational, pharmacological, and medical constraints to tackle before TDM of cytotoxic drugs can be more largely adopted in the clinics for contributing to our ever-lasting quest to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Briki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Bio/CMOS Interfaces Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-EPFL, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - A Murisier
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Guidi
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Seydoux
- Internal Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Marzolini
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F R Girardin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Y Thoma
- School of Engineering and Management Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1401 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - S Carrara
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-EPFL, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - E Choong
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L A Decosterd
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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8
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Yan X, He X, Yang X, Zhao Q, Lou Y. The development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of selinexor and its application in Chinese multiple myeloma patients. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1050-1057. [PMID: 38269419 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Selinexor is a nuclear exportin-1 (XPO1) inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma patients. However, sustained use of selinexor may result in some undesirable consequences. Furthermore, selinexor has moderate inter-patient variability. Herein, we developed an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring selinexor levels in human plasma ranging from 1 to 1000 ng mL-1. Furthermore, the developed approach was validated in accordance with FDA criteria. The established approach demonstrated inter-day and intra-day precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation, of less than 8%, with accuracies of less than 6%, expressed as relative error. The results showed that the protein depletion was quite complete for selinexor extraction, with recoveries ranging from 85.89 to 108.38%. The validated method facilitates the quantitation of selinexor in multiple myeloma patients. The selinexor plasma concentration exhibits obvious inter-patient' variability after administration. Thus, it is necessary to make a personalized prescription through therapeutic drug monitoring. Furthermore, the change in platelet counts before and after selinexor treatment was shown to be related to the plasma concentration at 3 h after administration, which provides the basis for therapeutic drug monitoring sampling time points and a method for predicting the occurrence of thrombocytopenia. In conclusion, the developed method can be used for the quantification of the plasma concentration of selinexor, and it is of great significance to conduct therapeutic drug monitoring for patients taking selinexor in order to enhance therapeutic effects and prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Yan
- Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Xiaoying He
- Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Yan Lou
- Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Adeniyi KO, Osmanaj B, Manavalan G, Mikkola JP, Berisha A, Tesfalidet S. Reagentless impedimetric immunosensor for monitoring of methotrexate in human blood serum using multiwalled carbon nanotube@polypyrrole/polytyramine film electrode. Talanta 2024; 268:125316. [PMID: 37864856 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring effective monitoring of methotrexate (MTX) levels in the bloodstream of cancer patients undergoing high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy is crucial to prevent potentially harmful side effects. However, the absence of portable analytical devices suitable for point-of-care bedside monitoring has presented a significant obstacle to achieving real-time MTX monitoring. In this study, we developed an impedimetric immunosensor that doesn't require reagents for measuring MTX levels in undiluted human blood serum. This reagentless approach simplifies the assay process, enabling rapid and straightforward MTX quantification. The immunosensor transducer was fabricated by electrodepositing conductive network of porous multiwalled carbon nanotube@polypyrrole/polytyramine on screen-printed gold microchip electrode (SP-Au/MWCNT70@PPy-PTA). Polyclonal anti-MTX antibodies were immobilized on the film, acting as the immunorecognition element. Non-specific binding was prevented by blocking the transducer interface with denatured bovine serum albumin (dBSA) fibrils, resulting in SP-Au/MWCNT70@PPy-PTA/anti-MTXAb|dBSA film electrode. When MTX binds to the SP-Au/MWCNT70@PPy-PTA/anti-MTXAb|dBSA interface, the film conductance and electron transfer resistance changes. This conductivity attenuation allows for electrochemical impedimetric signal transduction without a redox-probe solution. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed increased charge transfer resistance and phase angle as MTX concentrations increased. The SP-Au/MWCNT70@PPy-PTA/anti-MTXAb|dBSA demonstrated high sensitivity, with a linear response from 0.02 to 20.0 μM and a detection limit of 1.93 nM. The detection limit was 50 times lower than the intended safe level of MTX in human serum. The immunosensor exhibited minimal cross-reactivity with endogenous MTX analogs and serum proteins. The SP-Au/MWCNT70@PPy-PTA/anti-MTXAb|dBSA immunosensor presents a simple and rapid method for therapeutic drug monitoring compared to traditional immunoassay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blerina Osmanaj
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, University of Prishtina, 10000, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
| | | | - Jyri-Pekka Mikkola
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden; Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo-Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Avni Berisha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prishtina, 10000, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
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10
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Mendes I, Vale N. Overcoming Microbiome-Acquired Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:227. [PMID: 38275398 PMCID: PMC10813061 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) are one of the most recurrent diseases in the world. Among all GICs, pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest and continues to disrupt people's lives worldwide. The most frequent pancreatic cancer type is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), representing 90 to 95% of all pancreatic malignancies. PC is one of the cancers with the worst prognoses due to its non-specific symptoms that lead to a late diagnosis, but also due to the high resistance it develops to anticancer drugs. Gemcitabine is a standard treatment option for PDAC, however, resistance to this anticancer drug develops very fast. The microbiome was recently classified as a cancer hallmark and has emerged in several studies detailing how it promotes drug resistance. However, this area of study still has seen very little development, and more answers will help in developing personalized medicine. PC is one of the cancers with the highest mortality rates; therefore, it is crucial to explore how the microbiome may mold the response to reference drugs used in PDAC, such as gemcitabine. In this article, we provide a review of what has already been investigated regarding the impact that the microbiome has on the development of PDAC in terms of its effect on the gemcitabine pathway, which may influence the response to gemcitabine. Therapeutic advances in this type of GIC could bring innovative solutions and more effective therapeutic strategies for other types of GIC, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), due to its close relation with the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mendes
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Edifício de Geociências, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Campbell E, Adamson H, Luxton T, Tiede C, Wälti C, Tomlinson DC, Jeuken LJC. Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunotherapies with novel Affimer-NanoBiT sensor construct. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2024; 3:104-111. [PMID: 38249540 PMCID: PMC10795742 DOI: 10.1039/d3sd00126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Concentration-therapeutic efficacy relationships have been observed for several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (TmAb), where low circulating levels can result in ineffective treatment and high concentrations can cause adverse reactions. Rapid therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of TmAb drugs would provide the opportunity to adjust an individual patient's dosing regimen to improve treatment results. However, TDM for immunotherapies is currently limited to centralised testing methods with long sample-collection to result timeframes. Here, we show four point-of-care (PoC) TmAb biosensors by combining anti-idiotypic Affimer proteins and NanoBiT split luciferase technology at a molecular level to provide a platform for rapid quantification (<10 minutes) for four clinically relevant TmAb (rituximab, adalimumab, ipilimumab and trastuzumab). The rituximab sensor performed best with 4 pM limit of detection (LoD) and a quantifiable range between 8 pM-2 nM with neglectable matrix effects in serum up to 1%. After dilution of serum samples, the resulting quantifiable range for all four sensors falls within the clinically relevant range and compares favourably with the sensitivity and/or time-to-result of current ELISA standards. Further development of these sensors into a PoC test may improve treatment outcome and quality of life for patients receiving immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Campbell
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Hope Adamson
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Timothy Luxton
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Christian Tiede
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Christoph Wälti
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Lars J C Jeuken
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University PO Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
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12
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Yang Y, Liu Z, Chen J, Wang X, Jiao Z, Wang Z. Factors influencing methotrexate pharmacokinetics highlight the need for individualized dose adjustment: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:11-37. [PMID: 37934204 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for methotrexate (MTX) dosage for all ages, assess the association between concentration and clearance, and determine covariates affecting MTX disposition. METHODS We compared MTX PK profiles among neonates, children, and adults by performing a systematic literature search for published population MTX models and conducted a Monte Carlo-based meta-analysis. Subsequently, we evaluated study quality and covariates significantly affecting dosage regimens and compared LDMTX and HDMTX PK profiles. RESULTS Of the total 40 studies included, 34 were HDMTX, and six were LDMTX studies. For HDMTX, three studies involving neonates reported estimated apparent clearances (median, range) of 0.53 (0.27-0.77) L/kg/h; for 14 studies involving children, 0.23 (0.07-0.23) L/kg/h; and for 13 involving adults, 0.11 (0.03-0.22) L/kg/h. Neonates had a higher volume of distribution than children and adults. For LDMTX studies, apparent clearance was 0.085 (0.05-1.68) L/kg/h, and volume of distribution was 0.25 (0.018-0.47) L/kg, lower than those of HDMTX studies, with large between-subject variability. Bodyweight significantly influenced apparent clearance and volume of distribution, whereas renal function mainly influenced clearance. Mutations in certain genes reduced MTX clearance by 8-35.3%, whereas those in others increased it by 15-48%. Body surface area (BSA) significantly influenced apparent clearance with a median reduction of 51% when BSA increased in pediatric patients. CONCLUSIONS Methotrexate dosage regimens were primarily based on body surface area and renal function. Further studies are needed to evaluate MTX pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in both children (especially infants) and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhengyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingxia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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13
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Walson PD. Personalized Minimal Effective Concentration Therapy. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1289-1292. [PMID: 37838561 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been recognized for literally centuries that patients should be given only the amount of medication necessary to treat disease(s) or relieve symptoms. It is also well known that this amount can vary greatly between patients or even over time in the same patient. The ability to identify this amount, that is, to "personalize" dosing, requires a reliable measure of a patient's response to treatment. The development of analytical methods for the accurate measurement of pharmacologically meaningful drug concentrations in physiologic fluids, combined with mathematical methods for reliable prediction of how dosing changes affect these concentrations, has led to the development of therapeutic drug management (TDM) for more effective individualization of dosing. Using TDM, clinicians modify dosing to achieve concentrations or exposures (ie, AUC) found to be effective in patients with similar clinical attributes and conditions. These concentrations, called therapeutic (or target) concentrations or exposure ranges (TRs), are specific to both disease/condition and patient population. TDM is routinely used by many clinicians to adjust dosing of a wide range of medications for maximal efficacy and limited toxicity, thereby improving clinical outcomes. Failure to properly perform TDM or to appreciate the limitations of TDM have, however, contributed to the delayed acceptance of TDM by clinicians. This Commentary briefly discusses the limitations and the benefits of TR-guided TDM, and then discusses immunosuppressant drugs and anticancer medications as examples of drugs that require clinicians to change their prescribing practices from giving all patients the same or maximal tolerated doses, to instead adjusting individual doses to achieve minimal effective concentrations identified using circulating tumor- or graft-derived DNA or copy number instability rather than published TRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Walson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical School Goettingen, Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Aghajanshakeri S, Salmanmahiny A, Aghajanshakeri S, Babaei A, Alishahi F, Babayani E, Shokrzadeh M. Modulatory effect of amifostine (WR-1065) against genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by methotrexate in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:755-765. [PMID: 37537746 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2238069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Amifostine is used in chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a cytoprotective adjuvant alongside DNA-binding chemotherapeutic agents. It functions by reducing free radicals and detoxifying harmful metabolites. Methotrexate, as an antimetabolite drug has been considered for treating various cancers and autoimmune diseases. However, the cytotoxic effects of methotrexate extend beyond tumor cells to crucial organs, including the heart. This study applied the HUVEC cell line as a reference in vitro model for researching the characteristics of vascular endothelium and cardiotoxicity. The current study aimed to assess amifostine's potential cytoprotective properties against methotrexate-induced cellular damage. Cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay. Apoptotic rates were evaluated by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining via flow cytometry. The genoprotective effect of amifostine was determined using the comet assay. Cells were exposed to various amifostine doses (10-200 μg/mL) and methotrexate (2.5 μM) in pretreatment culture condition. Methotrexate at 2.5 μM revealed cytotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress and genotoxicity while highlighting amifostine's cyto/geno protective properties on HUVECs. Amifostine significantly decreased the levels of ROS and LPO while preserving the status of GSH and SOD activity. Furthermore, it inhibited genotoxicity (tail length, %DNA in tail, and tail moment) in the comet assay. Amifostine markedly attenuated methotrexate-induced apoptotic cell death (early and late apoptotic rates). These findings convey that amifostine can operate as a cytoprotectant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Aghajanshakeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Salmanmahiny
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahin Aghajanshakeri
- Biological Oncology (Orchid Pharmed) Department, CinnaGen Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farhad Alishahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Erfan Babayani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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15
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Zhu R, Gao Y, Dong J, Li Z, Ren Z. The changes of gut microbiota and metabolites in different drug-induced liver injuries. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 38015063 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has become a major concern. Gut microbiota, as another organ of the human body, has been studied in various tumors, cardiovascular metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease and human immunity. The studies mentioned above have confirmed its important impact on the occurrence and development of DILI. The gut-liver axis explains the close relationship between the gut and the liver, and it may be a pathway by which gut microbes contribute to DILI. In addition, the interaction between drugs and gut microbes affects both separately, which in turn may have positive or negative effects on the body, including DILI. There are both common and specific changes in liver injury caused by different drugs. The alteration of metabolites in DILI is also a new direction of therapeutic exploration. The application of microbiomics, metabolomics and other multi-omics to DILI has also explored new ideas for DILI. In this review, we conclude the alterations of gut microbes and metabolites under different DILI, and the significance of applying gut microbiome-metabolomics to DILI, so as to explore the metabolic characteristics of DILI and possible novel metabolic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250000, PR China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Yinghui Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jianxia Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zhiqin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250000, PR China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
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16
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Azimi M, Yee SW, Riselli A, Silva DB, Giacomini CP, Giacomini KM, Brett CM. Characterization of P-glycoprotein orthologs from human, sheep, pig, dog, and cat. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2023; 46:401-412. [PMID: 37198956 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) limits the oral bioavailability of many drugs. Although P-gp has been well studied in humans and mice, little is known about the substrate specificities of many of its species orthologs. To address this, we performed in vitro analysis of P-gp transporter function using HEK293 cells stably expressing human, ovine, porcine, canine, and feline P-gp. We also employed a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to assess variations in digoxin exposure resulting from altered P-gp function. Compared to human P-gp, sheep P-gp had significantly less digoxin efflux (2.3-fold ±0.04 vs. 1.8-fold ±0.03, p < .0001) and all species orthologs had significantly less quinidine efflux compared with human P-gp (p < .05). Human P-gp also had significantly greater efflux of talinolol compared to sheep and dog P-gp (1.9-fold ±0.04 vs. 1.6-fold ±0.06, p = .003 and 1.6-fold ±0.05, p = .0002, respectively). P-gp expression protected all lines against paclitaxel-induced toxicity, with sheep P-gp being significantly less protective. The inhibitor verapamil demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of all P-gp orthologs. Finally, a PBPK model showed digoxin exposure was sensitive to altered P-gp activity. Overall, our study found that species differences in this major drug transporter exist and that the appropriate species ortholog of P-gp should be evaluated during veterinary drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Azimi
- Apricity Therapeutics, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sook Wah Yee
- Apricity Therapeutics, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew Riselli
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dina Buitrago Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Claire M Brett
- Apricity Therapeutics, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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17
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Campbell E, Adamson H, Kohl D, Tiede C, Wälti C, Tomlinson DC, Jeuken LJC. Enzyme - Switch sensors for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunotherapies. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115488. [PMID: 37419072 PMCID: PMC10427837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (TmAb) have emerged as effective treatments for a number of cancers and autoimmune diseases. However, large interpatient disparities in the pharmacokinetics of TmAb treatment requires close therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimise dosage for individual patients. Here we demonstrate an approach for achieving rapid, sensitive quantification of two monoclonal antibody therapies using a previously described enzyme switch sensor platform. The enzyme switch sensor consists of a β-lactamase - β-lactamase inhibitor protein (BLA-BLIP) complex with two anti-idiotype binding proteins (Affimer proteins) as recognition elements. The BLA-BLIP sensor was engineered to detect two TmAbs (trastuzumab and ipilimumab) by developing constructs incorporating novel synthetic binding reagents to each of these mAbs. Trastuzumab and ipilimumab were successfully monitored with sub nM sensitivity in up to 1% serum, thus covering the relevant therapeutic range. Despite the modular design, the BLA-BLIP sensor was unsuccessful in detecting two further TmAbs (rituximab and adalimumab), an explanation for which was explored. In conclusion, the BLA-BLIP sensors provide a rapid biosensor for TDM of trastuzumab and ipilimumab with the potential to improve therapy. The sensitivity of this platform alongside its rapid action would be suitable for bedside monitoring in a point-of-care (PoC) setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Campbell
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Hope Adamson
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Kohl
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Tiede
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Wälti
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Lars J C Jeuken
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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18
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Iannazzo D, Celesti C, Giofrè SV, Ettari R, Bitto A. Theranostic Applications of 2D Graphene-Based Materials for Solid Tumors Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2380. [PMID: 37630966 PMCID: PMC10459055 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors are a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, being characterized by rapid tumor growth and local and distant metastases. The failures encountered in cancer treatment are mainly related to the complicated biology of the tumor microenvironment. Nanoparticles-based (NPs) approaches have shown the potential to overcome the limitations caused by the pathophysiological features of solid cancers, enabling the development of multifunctional systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy and allowing effective inhibition of tumor growth. Among the different classes of NPs, 2D graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs), due to their outstanding chemical and physical properties, easy surface multi-functionalization, near-infrared (NIR) light absorption and tunable biocompatibility, represent ideal nanoplatforms for the development of theranostic tools for the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we reviewed the most recent advances related to the synthesis of nano-systems based on graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), for the development of theranostic NPs to be used for photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal-chemotherapy, photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), applied to solid tumors destruction. The advantages in using these nano-systems are here discussed for each class of GBNs, taking into consideration the different chemical properties and possibility of multi-functionalization, as well as biodistribution and toxicity aspects that represent a key challenge for their translation into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iannazzo
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Consuelo Celesti
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore V. Giofrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (S.V.G.); (R.E.)
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (S.V.G.); (R.E.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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19
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Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Xue J, Kong J, Huang L, Ouyang H, Fu Z, He Y. Fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip for therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate with high sensitivity and wide dynamic range. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:342. [PMID: 37540283 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
As a front-line chemotherapeutic drug for maintenance and consolidation therapy, methotrexate (MTX) has widely been applied to treat various tumors and some inflammatory diseases. However, because of its severe toxicity ascribed to low selectivity, it is necessary to monitor therapeutic drugs in high-dose MTX therapeutic regimens to ensure treatment safety. In this work, we developed a fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip (FITS) for monitoring MTX by employing time-resolved fluorescent microspheres as signal probes. With a competitive immunoassay mode, the FITS for MTX shows a super-wide dynamic range of 10 pM-10 μM, covering the entire clinical therapeutic concentration range of MTX. Therapeutic drug monitoring of MTX can be achieved within 7 min with high specificity, facilitating the timely rescue of drug poisoning led by high-dose MTX treatment. The method was employed for monitoring MTX in the spiked human serum, urine, and milk, showing acceptable recoveries ranging from 94.0 to 110.0%. The established FITS has been applied to MTX detection in serum obtained from high-dose MTX treatment. The results from FITS and enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique showed no significant difference, suggesting its reliability for usage in real biological samples. The device shows promise in point-of-care therapeutic drug monitoring for resource-limited countries and institutes, which significantly facilitates overcoming the lag time between sampling and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinxia Xue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yong He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China.
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20
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Mehrban M, Madrakian T, Afkhami A, Jalal NR. Fabrication of impedimetric sensor based on metallic nanoparticle for the determination of mesna anticancer drug. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11381. [PMID: 37452101 PMCID: PMC10349103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a highly effective technique for studying the surface of electrodes in great detail. EIS-based electrochemical sensors have been widely reported, which measure the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of redox probes on electrode surfaces to monitor the binding of target molecules. One of the protective drugs against hemorrhagic cystitis caused by oxazaphosphorine chemotherapy drugs such as ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide and trophosphamide is Mesna (sodium salt of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate). The increase in the use of Mesna due to the high consumption of anti-cancer drugs, the determination of this drug in biological samples is of particular importance. So far, no electrochemical method has been reported to measure Mesna. In this research, a novel impedimetric sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) (denoted as Au NPs/MWCNTs/GCE) for impedimetric determination of Mesna anticancer drug was developed. The modified electrode materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and EIS. The electrochemical behavior of Mesna at the surface of Au NPs/MWCNTs/GCE was studied by an impedimetric method. The detection mechanism of Mesna using the proposed impedimetric sensor relied on the increase in the Rct value of [Fe (CN)6]3-/4- as an electrochemical probe in the presence of Mesna compared to the absence of Mesna as the analyte. Under the optimum condition, which covered two linear dynamic ranges from 0.06 nmol L-1 to 1.0 nmol L-1 and 1.0 nmol L-1 to 130.0 µmol L-1, respectively. The detection limit was 0.02 nmol L-1. Finally, the performance of the proposed sensor was investigated for Mesna electrochemical detection in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mehrban
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838695, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838695, Iran.
| | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838695, Iran
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21
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Xavier RM, Sharumathi SM, Kanniyappan Parthasarathy A, Mani D, Mohanasundaram T. Limited sampling strategies for therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-tuberculosis medications: A systematic review of their feasibility and clinical utility. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 141:102367. [PMID: 37429151 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended for medications with high inter-individual variability, narrow therapeutic index drugs, possible drug-drug interactions, drug toxicity, and subtherapeutic concentrations, as well as to assess noncompliance. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) is a significant pharmacokinetic parameter since it calculates the drug's total systematic exposure in the body. However, multiple blood samples from the patient are required to calculate the area under the curve, which is inconvenient for both the patient and the healthcare professional. To alleviate the issue, the limited sampling strategy (LSS) was devised, in which sampling is minimized while obtaining complete and precise findings to anticipate the area under the curve. One can reduce costs, labor, and discomfort for patients and healthcare workers by applying this limited sampling strategy. This article examines a systematic evaluation of all the limited sampling done in anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) medications resulting from the literature search of several research papers. This article also briefly describes the two methodologies: Multiple regression analysis (MRA) and the Bayesian approach used to develop a limited sampling strategy model. Anti-TB medications have been found to have considerable inter-individual variability, and isoniazid has a narrow therapeutic index, both of which are criteria for therapeutic drug monitoring. To avoid multi-drug resistance and therapy failure, it is proposed that limited sampling strategy-based therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-TB medications be undertaken to generate an individualized dose regimen, particularly for individuals at high risk of treatment failure or delayed response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinu Mary Xavier
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
| | - S M Sharumathi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
| | - Arun Kanniyappan Parthasarathy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
| | - Deepalakshmi Mani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
| | - Tharani Mohanasundaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
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22
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Saiki T, Ogata G, Sawamura S, Asai K, Razvina O, Watanabe K, Kato R, Zhang Q, Akiyama K, Madhurantakam S, Ahmad NB, Ino D, Nashimoto H, Matsumoto Y, Moriyama M, Horii A, Kondo C, Ochiai R, Kusuhara H, Saijo Y, Einaga Y, Hibino H. A strategy for low-cost portable monitoring of plasma drug concentrations using a sustainable boron-doped-diamond chip. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15963. [PMID: 37234605 PMCID: PMC10205593 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
On-site monitoring of plasma drug concentrations is required for effective therapies. Recently developed handy biosensors are not yet popular owing to insufficient evaluation of accuracy on clinical samples and the necessity of complicated costly fabrication processes. Here, we approached these bottlenecks via a strategy involving engineeringly unmodified boron-doped diamond (BDD), a sustainable electrochemical material. A sensing system based on a ∼1 cm2 BDD chip, when analysing rat plasma spiked with a molecular-targeting anticancer drug, pazopanib, detected clinically relevant concentrations. The response was stable in 60 sequential measurements on the same chip. In a clinical study, data obtained with a BDD chip were consistent with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry results. Finally, the portable system with a palm-sized sensor containing the chip analysed ∼40 μL of whole blood from dosed rats within ∼10 min. This approach with the 'reusable' sensor may improve point-of-monitoring systems and personalised medicine while reducing medical costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Saiki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Genki Ogata
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Seishiro Sawamura
- Division of Glocal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kai Asai
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Olga Razvina
- G-MedEx Project, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Niigata University School of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Rito Kato
- Niigata University School of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Qi Zhang
- Division of Glocal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Koei Akiyama
- Division of Glocal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Sasya Madhurantakam
- Division of Glocal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norzahirah Binti Ahmad
- Division of Glocal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ino
- Division of Glocal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruma Nashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masato Moriyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Arata Horii
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Chie Kondo
- Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Division, Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., 1, Nishinokyo-shimoai-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ochiai
- Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Division, Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., 1, Nishinokyo-shimoai-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saijo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hibino
- Division of Glocal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Yang Y, Wang C, Chen Y, Wang X, Jiao Z, Wang Z. External evaluation and systematic review of population pharmacokinetic models for high-dose methotrexate in cancer patients. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 186:106416. [PMID: 37119861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Several population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models have been established to optimize the therapeutic regimen and reduce the toxicity of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) in patients with cancer. However, their predictive performance when extrapolated to different clinical centers was unknown. In this study, we aimed to externally evaluate the predictive ability of HDMTX PPK models and determine the potential influencing factors. We searched the literature and determined the predictive performance of the selected models using methotrexate concentrations in 721 samples from 60 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of the Navy Medical University. Prediction-based diagnostics and simulation-based normalized prediction distribution errors (NPDE) were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the models. The influence of prior information was also assessed using Bayesian forecasting, and the potential factors affecting model predictability were investigated. Thirty models extracted from published PPK studies were assessed. Prediction-based diagnostics showed that the number of compartments potentially influenced model transferability, and simulation-based NPDE indicated model misspecification. Bayesian forecasting significantly improved the predictive performance of the models. Various factors, including bioassays, covariates, and population diagnosis, influence model extrapolation. The published models were unsatisfactory for all prediction-based diagnostics, except for the 24 h methotrexate concentration monitoring and simulation-based diagnostics, making them inappropriate for direct extrapolation. Moreover, Bayesian forecasting combined therapeutic drug monitoring could improve the predictive performance of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yueting Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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24
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Briki M, André P, Thoma Y, Widmer N, Wagner AD, Decosterd LA, Buclin T, Guidi M, Carrara S. Precision Oncology by Point-of-Care Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Dosage Adjustment of Conventional Cytotoxic Chemotherapies: A Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041283. [PMID: 37111768 PMCID: PMC10147065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies is strongly supported yet poorly implemented in daily practice in hospitals. Analytical methods for the quantification of cytotoxic drugs are instead widely presented in the scientific literature, while the use of these therapeutics is expected to keep going for longer. There are two main issues hindering the implementation of TDM: turnaround time, which is incompatible with the dosage profiles of these drugs, and exposure surrogate marker, namely total area under the curve (AUC). Therefore, this perspective article aims to define the adjustment needed from current to efficient TDM practice for cytotoxics, namely point-of-care (POC) TDM. For real-time dose adjustment, which is required for chemotherapies, such POC TDM is only achievable with analytical methods that match the sensitivity and selectivity of current methods, such as chromatography, as well as model-informed precision dosing platforms to assist the oncologist with dose fine-tuning based on quantification results and targeted intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Briki
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-EPFL, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal André
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yann Thoma
- School of Engineering and Management Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1401 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Widmer
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pharmacy of the Eastern Vaud Hospitals, 1847 Rennaz, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna D Wagner
- Service of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent A Decosterd
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monia Guidi
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Carrara
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-EPFL, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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25
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Wang Y, Zhao L, Zhou L, Chen C, Chen G. Sequential release of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and bone morphogenetic protein-2 from osteogenic scaffolds assembled by PLGA microcapsules: A preliminary study in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123330. [PMID: 36681218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex process sequentially regulated by multiple cytokines at different stages. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) are the two most important factors involved in this process, and the combination of the two can achieve better bone regeneration by coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In this study, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres with core-shell structure (microcapsules) encapsulating VEGF-A or BMP-2 were prepared by coaxial channel injection and continuous fluid technology. The sequential release of two cytokines by microcapsules with different PLGA molecular weight and shell thickness and its performance in vitro were explored. It was demonstrated that the molecular weight of PLGA significantly affected the degradation and release kinetics of microcapsules, while the thickness of the shell can regulate the release in a finer level. VEGF-A encapsulated microcapsules with low molecular weight can induce vascular endothelial cells to form lumens structures in vitro at an early stage. And BMP-2 encapsulated microcapsules could promote osteogenic differentiation, but the effect could be delayed when the microcapsules were prepared with PLGA of 150 kDa. In conclusion, the core-shell PLGA microcapsules in this study can sequentially release VEGF-A and BMP-2 at different stages to simulate natural bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lingyan Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lvhui Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
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26
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Fabrication of water-soluble blue emitting molybdenum nanoclusters for sensitive detection of cancer drug methotrexate. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Optimum Methotrexate Exposure in Patients With Suspected or Confirmed CNS Invasive Hematological Malignancies: A Systematic Critical Review. Ther Drug Monit 2023; 45:287-292. [PMID: 35971672 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS The present review aims to evaluate the current state-of-the-art dosing regimens of high-dose (HD) and intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimize its therapeutic response and minimize associated toxicity, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS). RESULTS MTX is administered systemically in a HD regimen (>1 g/m 2 ) for the treatment of various hematological neoplasms. HD-MTX treatment becomes complicated by marked interindividual drug elimination variability. TDM is specified to manage this high variability. Approximately 3%-7% of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are diagnosed with CNS involvement, and the incidence of CNS relapse in patients, despite receiving prophylaxis, ranges from 5% to 10%. HD-MTX penetrates the blood-brain barrier and can be administered intrathecally, making this drug an important component of chemotherapy regimens for patients with hematologic malignancies involving the CNS or those at high risk of CNS relapse. CONCLUSIONS The major evidence found was that an MTX area under the curve target between 1000 and 1100 μmol hour -1 L is associated with better clinical outcomes. However, there seems to be a clinical gap in the prospective validation of HD and IT MTX management to optimize clinical outcomes and minimize toxicity, using the relationship between exposure level (area under the curve MTX) and optimal response to MTX, at systemic and CNS exposure.
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28
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Smita P, Narayan PA, J K, Gaurav P. Therapeutic drug monitoring for cytotoxic anticancer drugs: Principles and evidence-based practices. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1015200. [PMID: 36568145 PMCID: PMC9773989 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1015200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic drugs are highly efficacious and also have low therapeutic index. A great degree of caution needs to be exercised in their usage. To optimize the efficacy these drugs need to be given at maximum tolerated dose which leads to significant amount of toxicity to the patient. The fine balance between efficacy and safety is the key to the success of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. However, it is possibly more rewarding to obtain that balance for this class drugs as the frequency of drug related toxicities are higher compared to the other therapeutic class and are potentially life threatening and may cause prolonged morbidity. Significant efforts have been invested in last three to four decades in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) research to understand the relationship between the drug concentration and the response achieved for therapeutic efficacy as well as drug toxicity for cytotoxic drugs. TDM evolved over this period and the evidence gathered favored its routine use for certain drugs. Since, TDM is an expensive endeavor both from economic and logistic point of view, to justify its use it is necessary to demonstrate that the implementation leads to perceivable improvement in the patient outcomes. It is indeed challenging to prove the utility of TDM in randomized controlled trials and at times may be nearly impossible to generate such data in view of the obvious findings and concern of compromising patient safety. Therefore, good quality data from well-designed observational study do add immense value to the scientific knowledge base, when they are examined in totality, despite the heterogeneity amongst them. This article compiles the summary of the evidence and the best practices for TDM for the three cytotoxic drug, busulfan, 5-FU and methotrexate. Traditional use of TDM or drug concentration data for dose modification has been witnessing a sea change and model informed precision dosing is the future of cytotoxic drug therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattanaik Smita
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,*Correspondence: Pattanaik Smita,
| | - Patil Amol Narayan
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kumaravel J
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prakash Gaurav
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Medical Oncology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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29
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Taghour MS, Mahdy HA, Gomaa MH, Aglan A, Eldeib MG, Elwan A, Dahab MA, Elkaeed EB, Alsfouk AA, Khalifa MM, Eissa IH, Elkady H. Benzoxazole derivatives as new VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers: design, synthesis, in silico studies, and antiproliferative evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2063-2077. [PMID: 35875937 PMCID: PMC9327782 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2103552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a set of novel benzoxazole derivatives were designed, synthesised, and biologically evaluated as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Five compounds (12d, 12f, 12i, 12l, and 13a) displayed high growth inhibitory activities against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines and were further investigated for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities. The most potent anti-proliferative member 12 l (IC50 = 10.50 μM and 15.21 μM against HepG2 and MCF-7, respectively) had the most promising VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 97.38 nM). A further biological evaluation revealed that compound 12l could arrest the HepG2 cell growth mainly at the Pre-G1 and G1 phases. Furthermore, compound 12l could induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells by 35.13%. likely, compound 12l exhibited a significant elevation in caspase-3 level (2.98-fold) and BAX (3.40-fold), and a significant reduction in Bcl-2 level (2.12-fold). Finally, docking studies indicated that 12l exhibited interactions with the key amino acids in a similar way to sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maher H Gomaa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Aglan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Gomaa Eldeib
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aisha A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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30
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Evaluation of a Capillary Microsampling Device for Analyzing Plasma Lenvatinib Concentration in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ther Drug Monit 2022; 44:771-776. [PMID: 35863065 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anticancer drug, Lenvima (lenvatinib), has severe side effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring helps ensure its efficacy and safety. Regular and optimally timed blood sampling is tough, especially when lenvatinib is self-medicated. Microsampling using the easy to handle Microsampling Wing (MSW) may help circumvent this problem. However, current lenvatinib detection methods are not sensitive enough to detect its concentrations in microsamples (<50-250 μL). Thus, the aim of this study was 2-fold (1) develop an analytic method to estimate plasma lenvatinib concentrations in microsamples and (2) verify whether this method works on micro (5.6 μL) blood plasma samples obtained clinically through MSW from patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A simple, highly sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed. Using this novel protocol, the trough blood plasma concentration of lenvatinib was measured for both blood sampled conventionally and that using MSW. Thirty-five venous whole blood samples were obtained from 11 patients with HCC. Furthermore, the stability of lenvatinib in MSW samples during storage was evaluated. RESULTS The mean plasma lenvatinib concentration estimates were not significantly different between the MSW and conventional venous blood samples. CV for interday and intraday assays was low. Up to day 5, the lenvatinib concentration in the MSW samples was 85%-115% of the initial day concentration (when stored at 25°C or 4°C). The interference of endogenous matrix components in the human plasma was low. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the novel mass spectrometry protocol accurately measures lenvatinib in human plasma and is reproducible. Thus, MSW could be a useful microsampling device for lenvatinib therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with HCC when used in combination with this novel liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry detection method.
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31
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Chamorro-Garcia A, Parolo C, Ortega G, Idili A, Green J, Ricci F, Plaxco KW. The sequestration mechanism as a generalizable approach to improve the sensitivity of biosensors and bioassays. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12219-12228. [PMID: 36349092 PMCID: PMC9601244 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03901j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosensors and bioassays, both of which employ proteins and nucleic acids to detect specific molecular targets, have seen significant applications in both biomedical research and clinical practice. This success is largely due to the extraordinary versatility, affinity, and specificity of biomolecular recognition. Nevertheless, these receptors suffer from an inherent limitation: single, saturable binding sites exhibit a hyperbolic relationship (the "Langmuir isotherm") between target concentration and receptor occupancy, which in turn limits the sensitivity of these technologies to small variations in target concentration. To overcome this and generate more responsive biosensors and bioassays, here we have used the sequestration mechanism to improve the steepness of the input/output curves of several bioanalytical methods. As our test bed for this we employed sensors and assays against neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a kidney biomarker for which enhanced sensitivity will improve the monitoring of kidney injury. Specifically, by introducing sequestration we have improved the responsiveness of an electrochemical aptamer based (EAB) biosensor, and two bioassays, a paper-based "dipstick" assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Doing so we have narrowed the dynamic range of these sensors and assays several-fold, thus enhancing their ability to measure small changes in target concentration. Given that introducing sequestration requires only the addition of the appropriate concentration of a high-affinity "depletant," the mechanism appears simple and easily adaptable to tuning the binding properties of the receptors employed in a wide range of biosensors and bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Chamorro-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Claudio Parolo
- ISGlobal-Barcelona Institute for Global Health Carrer del Rosselló 132 08036 Barcelona Spain
| | - Gabriel Ortega
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Spain
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC BioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Andrea Idili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Joshua Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Kevin W Plaxco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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32
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Göksel Y, Dumont E, Slipets R, Rajendran ST, Sarikaya S, Thamdrup LHE, Schmiegelow K, Rindzevicius T, Zor K, Boisen A. Methotrexate Detection in Serum at Clinically Relevant Levels with Electrochemically Assisted SERS on a Benchtop, Custom Built Raman Spectrometer. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2358-2369. [PMID: 35848726 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an essential clinical practice for optimizing drug dosing, thereby preventing adverse effects of drugs with a narrow therapeutic window, slow clearance, or high interperson pharmacokinetic variability. Monitoring methotrexate (MTX) during high-dose MTX (HD-MTX) therapy is necessary to avoid potentially fatal side effects caused by delayed elimination. Despite the efficacy of HD-MTX treatment, its clinical application in resource-limited settings is constrained due to the relatively high cost and time of analysis with conventional analysis methods. In this work, we developed (i) an electrochemically assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for detecting MTX in human serum at a clinically relevant concentration range and (ii) a benchtop, Raman detection system with an integrated potentiostat, software, and data analysis unit that enables mapping of small areas of SERS substrates and quantitative SERS-based analysis. In the assay, by promoting electrostatic attraction between gold-coated nanopillar SERS substrates and MTX molecules in aqueous samples, a detection limit of 0.13 μM with a linear range of 0.43-2 μM was achieved in PBS. The implemented sample cleanup through gel filtration proved to be highly effective, resulting in a similar detection limit (0.55 μM) and linear range (1.81-5 μM) for both PBS and serum. The developed and optimized assay could also be used on the in-house built, Raman device. We showed that MTX detection can be carried out in less than 30 min with the Raman device, paving the way toward the TDM of MTX at the point-of-need and in resource-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaman Göksel
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Elodie Dumont
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Roman Slipets
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Sriram T Rajendran
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Sevde Sarikaya
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Lasse H E Thamdrup
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zor
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
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Guo Z, Hong H, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Ding Z, Fu Q, Liu Z. Radiotherapy‐Induced Cleavage of Quaternary Ammonium Groups Activates Prodrugs in Tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205014. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Hanyu Hong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yuedan Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zexuan Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Peking University–Tsinghua University Centre for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qunfeng Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Peking University–Tsinghua University Centre for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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34
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Harahap Y, Steven S, Suryadi H. Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method with volumetric absorptive microsampling to quantitate cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928721. [PMID: 36034779 PMCID: PMC9403605 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anti-cancer alkylating prodrug, metabolized by CYP450 into its active metabolite 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OHCP). Its therapeutic effectiveness is determined by the 4-OHCP concentration. Several analytical methods in plasma and dried blood spots have been developed to analyze cyclophosphamide and 4-OHCP; however, there are many disadvantages. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method by volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide-d4 (4-OHCP-d4) as an internal standard. VAMS requires small sample volumes, and it is not affected by the hematocrit values; therefore, it is an efficient sampling method. The samples were derivatized with 5 μL semicarbazide hydrochloride (SCZ) and 25 μL of the resulting 4-OHCP-SCZ; 4-OHCP-d4-SCZ derivatives were absorbed by VAMS and extracted by protein precipitation. The optimum conditions were obtained using the Waters Acquity® UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm; 1.7 μm) column; flow rate 0.15 ml/min; mobile phase 0.01% formic acid and methanol; gradient elution mode for 6 min by positive electrospray ionization; and multiple reaction monitoring of m/z 260.7 > 140.0 for CP, 333.7 > 221.0 for 4-OHCP-SCZ, and 337.7 > 225.1 for 4-OHCP-d4-SCZ. The method met the validation requirements set by the FDA. The cyclophosphamide LLOQ value was 5 ng/mL, and the calibration curve range was 5—60,000 ng/ml. Furthermore, the 4-OHCP LLOQ value was 2.5 ng/ml, and the calibration curve range was 2.5—1,000 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahdiana Harahap
- Bioavailability/Bioequivalence Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Faculty of Military Pharmacy, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Sentul, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Yahdiana Harahap,
| | - Steven Steven
- Bioavailability/Bioequivalence Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Herman Suryadi
- Bioavailability/Bioequivalence Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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35
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Jiang R, Mei S, Zhao Z. Leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue for high-dose methotrexate: A review. J Clin Pharm Ther 2022; 47:1452-1460. [PMID: 35929573 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is active against various malignancies; it possesses serious toxicities and is associated with patient characteristics, dosage regimens, comedications, and physiological status. There are many strategies to overcome HDMTX-induced toxicities, such as hydration, alkalization, leucovorin rescue, and haemodialysis. Leucovorin rescue is a cornerstone for toxicity prevention in HDMTX treatment. However, the leucovorin dose adjustment and the existence of leucovorin overrescue are still controversial. At present, various methods for calculating leucovorin doses in different tumour types have been proposed, including empirical calculations based on MTX plasma concentration, the Bleyer nomogram, and other methods. Nonetheless, leucovorin rescue protocols differ greatly across tumour types and medical institutions. Further studies are needed to investigate the optimal dosage regimen for leucovorin rescue in various tumours using HDMTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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36
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Huang H, Liu Q, Zhang X, Xie H, Liu M, Chaphekar N, Wu X. External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Busulfan in Chinese Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:835037. [PMID: 35873594 PMCID: PMC9300831 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.835037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Busulfan (BU) is a bi-functional DNA-alkylating agent used in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Over the last decades, several population pharmacokinetic (pop PK) models of BU have been established, but external evaluation has not been performed for almost all models. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the predictive performance of published pop PK models of intravenous BU in adults using an independent dataset from Chinese HSCT patients, and to identify the best model to guide personalized dosing. Methods: The external evaluation methods included prediction-based diagnostics, simulation-based diagnostics, and Bayesian forecasting. In prediction-based diagnostics, the relative prediction error (PE%) was calculated by comparing the population predicted concentration (PRED) with the observations. Simulation-based diagnostics included the prediction- and variability-corrected visual predictive check (pvcVPC) and the normalized prediction distribution error (NPDE). Bayesian forecasting was executed by giving prior one to four observations. The factors influencing the model predictability, including the impact of structural models, were assessed. Results: A total of 440 concentrations (110 patients) were obtained for analysis. Based on prediction-based diagnostics and Bayesian forecasting, preferable predictive performance was observed in the model developed by Huang et al. The median PE% was -1.44% which was closest to 0, and the maximum F20 of 57.27% and F30 of 72.73% were achieved. Bayesian forecasting demonstrated that prior concentrations remarkably improved the prediction precision and accuracy of all models, even with only one prior concentration. Conclusion: This is the first study to comprehensively evaluate published pop PK models of BU. The model built by Huang et al. had satisfactory predictive performance, which can be used to guide individualized dosage adjustment of BU in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Helin Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maobai Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Wu, ; Maobai Liu,
| | - Nupur Chaphekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Wu, ; Maobai Liu,
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37
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Guo Z, Hong H, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Ding Z, Fu Q, Liu Z. Radiotherapy‐Induced Cleavage of Quaternary Ammonium Groups Activates Prodrugs in Tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Guo
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Hanyu Hong
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Yuedan Zheng
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Zexuan Ding
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Qunfeng Fu
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering #5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District 100871 Beijing CHINA
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38
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Akhtar R, Noreen R, Raza Z, Rasul A, Zahoor AF. Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, and In Silico Modeling Study of Some N-Acylated Ciprofloxacin Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042802204011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Lin C, Hu R, Sun F, Liang W. Ferroptosis-based molecular prognostic model for adrenocortical carcinoma based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24465. [PMID: 35500219 PMCID: PMC9169198 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to find ferroptosis‐related genes linked to clinical outcomes of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and assess the prognostic value of the model. Methods We downloaded the mRNA sequencing data and patient clinical data of 78 ACC patients from the TCGA data portal. Candidate ferroptosis‐related genes were screened by univariate regression analysis, machine‐learning least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator (LASSO). A ferroptosis‐related gene‐based prognostic model was constructed. The effectiveness of the prediction model was accessed by KM and ROC analysis. External validation was done using the GSE19750 cohort. A nomogram was generated. The prognostic accuracy was measured and compared with conventional staging systems (TNM stage). Functional analysis was conducted to identify biological characterization of survival‐associated ferroptosis‐related genes. Results Seventy genes were identified as survival‐associated ferroptosis‐related genes. The prognostic model was constructed with 17 ferroptosis‐related genes including STMN1, RRM2, HELLS, FANCD2, AURKA, GABARAPL2, SLC7A11, KRAS, ACSL4, MAPK3, HMGB1, CXCL2, ATG7, DDIT4, NOX1, PLIN4, and STEAP3. A RiskScore was calculated for each patient. KM curve indicated good prognostic performance. The AUC of the ROC curve for predicting 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐ year(s) survival time was 0.975, 0.913, and 0.915 respectively. The nomogram prognostic evaluation model showed better predictive ability than conventional staging systems. Conclusion We constructed a prognosis model of ACC based on ferroptosis‐related genes with better predictive value than the conventional staging system. These efforts provided candidate targets for revealing the molecular basis of ACC, as well as novel targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruofei Hu
- Lifestyle Supporting Technologies Group, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - FangFang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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40
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Mao J, Li Q, Li P, Qin W, Chen B, Zhong M. Evaluation and Application of Population Pharmacokinetic Models for Identifying Delayed Methotrexate Elimination in Patients With Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:817673. [PMID: 35355729 PMCID: PMC8959905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.817673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Several population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models have been developed to determine the sources of methotrexate (MTX) PK variability. It remains unknown if these published models are precise enough for use or if a new model needs to be built. The aims of this study were to 1) assess the predictability of published models and 2) analyze the potential risk factors for delayed MTX elimination. Methods: A total of 1458 MTX plasma concentrations, including 377 courses (1–17 per patient), were collected from 77 patients who were receiving high-dose MTX for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma in Huashan Hospital. PopPK analysis was performed using the NONMEM® software package. Previously published popPK models were selected and rebuilt. A new popPK model was then constructed to screen potential covariates using a stepwise approach. The covariates were included based on the combination of theoretical mechanisms and data properties. Goodness-of-fit plots, bootstrap, and prediction- and simulation-based diagnostics were used to determine the stability and predictive performance of both the published and newly built models. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to qualify the influence of risk factors on the incidence of delayed elimination. Results: Among the eight evaluated published models, none presented acceptable values of bias or inaccuracy. A two-compartment model was employed in the newly built model to describe the PK of MTX. The estimated mean clearance (CL/F) was 4.91 L h−1 (relative standard error: 3.7%). Creatinine clearance, albumin, and age were identified as covariates of MTX CL/F. The median and median absolute prediction errors of the final model were -10.2 and 36.4%, respectively. Results of goodness-of-fit plots, bootstrap, and prediction-corrected visual predictive checks indicated the high predictability of the final model. Conclusions: Current published models are not sufficiently reliable for cross-center use. The elderly patients and those with renal dysfunction, hypoalbuminemia are at higher risk of delayed elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bobin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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41
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Verougstraete N, Stove V, Verstraete AG, Oyaert M. Automation in Busulfan Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Evaluation of an Immunoassay on two Routine Chemistry Analyzers. Ther Drug Monit 2022; 44:335-339. [PMID: 34985848 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of busulfan is recommended for hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Timely reporting of these TDM results is essential given the short administration period and the planned dose adjustments on day 2. The authors evaluated the performance of a new nanoparticle-based competitive immunoassay on two routine clinical chemistry analyzers and compared its performance to that of an in-house high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) method. METHODS The MyCare Oncology Busulfan Assay Kit (Saladax Biomedical) was applied on two routine clinical chemistry analyzers (Abbott Architect c8000 and Roche Cobas c502) with a linearity range of 187-2000 ng/mL. The study evaluation measured imprecision and accuracy, sample probe carry-over, and dilution integrity. Method comparison with liquid chromatography (LC)-HRMS was performed using samples from patients undergoing busulfan treatment. RESULTS Within- and between-run coefficient of variations for both analyzers were ≤5.23% and ≤8.45%, respectively, across the busulfan concentration range. The obtained biases were ≤10.3%. Both analyzers met the acceptance criteria for sample probe carry-over and dilution integrity. Agreement between the immunoassay and LC-HRMS was high: 92% and 89% of the samples measured on Architect and Cobas, respectively, were within the ±15% limit compared to the corresponding LC-HRMS results. CONCLUSIONS Overall, good analytical performance and high agreement with LC-HRMS results were obtained for the immunoassay installed on both routine clinical chemistry analyzers. Therefore, this assay could be implemented as a valid alternative for LC methods in clinical laboratories on different open-channel clinical chemistry analyzers, resulting in shorter turn-around times for reporting busulfan TDM results with subsequent faster dosage adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Verougstraete
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - Veronique Stove
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; and
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain G Verstraete
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; and
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthijs Oyaert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; and
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42
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Chu X, Xue P, Zhu S. Management of chemotherapy dose intensity for metastatic colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:141. [PMID: 35340557 PMCID: PMC8931773 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy dose intensity is a momentous parameter of antitumor clinical medication. In certain clinical trials, the actual application dose of the chemotherapeutic drugs is frequently different from the prescribed dose. The chemotherapy dose intensity completed in different trials is also variable, which has an impact on the treatment efficacy, disease prognosis and patient safety. When these agents are tested in the population, chemotherapy reduction and delay or failure to complete the planned cycle constantly occur due to age, performance status, adverse reactions and other reasons, resulting in the modification of the chemotherapy dose intensity. The present review analyzed the correlation between the chemotherapy dose intensity and the incidence of adverse reactions, the treatment efficacy and disease prognosis in clinical trials of metastatic colorectal cancer. Moreover, the clinical applications of chemotherapy dose intensity were discussed. Based on individual differences, the present review analyzed the clinical trials that examined the efficacy of the chemotherapy dose intensity in different patient populations. The conclusions suggested that different populations require a specific dose intensity to reduce treatment toxicity without affecting the curative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Chu
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
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The Value of Pharmacogenetics to Reduce Drug-Related Toxicity in Cancer Patients. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:137-151. [PMID: 35113367 PMCID: PMC8975257 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Many anticancer drugs cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that negatively impact safety and reduce quality of life. The typical narrow therapeutic range and exposure-response relationships described for anticancer drugs make precision dosing critical to ensure safe and effective drug exposure. Germline mutations in pharmacogenes contribute to inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs. Patients carrying reduced-activity or loss-of-function alleles are at increased risk for ADRs. Pretreatment genotyping offers a proactive approach to identify these high-risk patients, administer an individualized dose, and minimize the risk of ADRs. In the field of oncology, the most well-studied gene-drug pairs for which pharmacogenetic dosing recommendations have been published to improve safety are DPYD-fluoropyrimidines, TPMT/NUDT15-thiopurines, and UGT1A1-irinotecan. Despite the presence of these guidelines, the scientific evidence showing the benefits of pharmacogenetic testing (e.g., improved safety and cost-effectiveness) and the development of efficient multi-gene genotyping panels, routine pretreatment testing for these gene-drug pairs has not been implemented widely in the clinic. Important considerations required for widespread clinical implementation include pharmacogenetic education of physicians, availability or allocation of institutional resources to build an efficient clinical infrastructure, international standardization of guidelines, uniform adoption of guidelines by regulatory agencies leading to genotyping requirements in drug labels, and development of cohesive reimbursement policies for pretreatment genotyping. Without clinical implementation, the potential of pharmacogenetics to improve patient safety remains unfulfilled.
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Schmulenson E, Zimmermann N, Mikus G, Joerger M, Jaehde U. Current status and future outlooks on therapeutic drug monitoring of fluorouracil. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 17:1407-1422. [PMID: 35029518 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.2029403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of the anticancer drug fluorouracil (5FU) as a method to support dose adjustments has been researched and discussed extensively. Despite manifold evidence of the advantages of 5FU-TDM, traditional body surface area (BSA)-guided dosing is still widely applied. AREAS COVERED : This review covers the latest evidence on 5FU-TDM based on a literature search in PubMed between June and September 2021. It particularly highlights new approaches of implementing 5FU-TDM into precision medicine by combining TDM with pharmacogenetic testing and/or pharmacometric models. This review further discusses remaining obstacles in order to incorporate 5FU-TDM into clinical routine. EXPERT OPINION : New data on 5FU-TDM further strengthen the advantages compared to BSA-guided dosing as it is able to reduce pharmacokinetic variability and thereby improve treatment efficacy and safety. Interprofessional collaboration has the potential to overcome the remaining barriers for its implementation. Pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing followed by 5FU-TDM can further improve 5FU exposure in a substantial proportion of patients. Developing a model framework integrating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 5FU will be crucial to fully advance into the precision medicine era. Model applications can potentially support clinicians in dose finding before starting chemotherapy. Additionally, TDM provides further assistance in continuously improving model predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Schmulenson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nigina Zimmermann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerd Mikus
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Joerger
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Jaehde
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Yan M, Fan X, Si H, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang Z, Lv X, Yin H, Jia Y, Jiang L, Xia Y, Liu Y. Association between gene polymorphism and adverse effects in cancer patients receiving docetaxel treatment: a meta-analysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:173-181. [PMID: 34988655 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Large interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetic properties of docetaxel has been reported, with the clearance of docetaxel varying nearly six fold, in which pharmacogenetics of docetaxel may play an essential role in addition to physiological factors. The association between the gene polymorphism and risk of adverse clinical effects in docetaxel treated patients has been examined in several studies, but their conclusions are, to some extent, controversial. To clarify the role of gene polymorphism in the clinical outcomes of docetaxel treatment, a meta-analysis was performed in the present study. METHODS Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to evaluate the impact of gene polymorphisms of CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and ABCB1. Four studies with 485 subjects were included in this study. Fixed or random-effects model was chosen according to heterogeneity to conduct the meta-analysis. Publication bias was evaluated by fail-safe numbers. RESULTS Significant association was identified between the ABCB1 C3435T (rs1045642) polymorphism and risk of short-term recurrent hematological toxicity (TT vs. CC + TC OR = 2.91, 95% CI 1.30-6.52, P = 0.009; TT vs. CC OR = 4.23, 95% CI 1.69-10.57 P = 0.002). The association of the ABCB1 G2677T/A (rs2032582) polymorphism with risk of fluid retention was statistically significant (T(A)/T(A) vs. GG + GT(A) OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.16-3.73, P = 0.01). No statistically significant association between the CYP3A5 A6986G (rs776746) polymorphism and adverse effects was observed in this study. Due to the limitations of included literature, we did not conduct meta-analysis on CYP3A4 gene polymorphism and adverse effects. CONCLUSION An association between the ABCB1 C3435T (rs1045642), ABCB1 G2677T/A (rs2032582) polymorphism and risk of adverse effects of docetaxel was found by our meta-analysis. Namely, the TT homozygotes of the ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism may be associated with the risk of hematological toxicity. ABCB1 G2677T T(A)/T(A) genotype may be associated with the fluid retention. TRAIL REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020203132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Yan
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Hongyanhua Si
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Xin Lv
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China.
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van Dyk M, Boylan C, Michelet R, Mc Laughlin AM, Kichenadasse G, May N, Ziesenitz V, Van Den Anker JN, Groenland SL, Huitema ADR, Steeghs N, Mikus G, Kloft C, Tapp H. Plasma concentration guided dosing of drugs used for the treatment of childhood leukaemias: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053308. [PMID: 34980620 PMCID: PMC8724759 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood leukaemia is the most common type of cancer in children and represents among 25% of the diagnoses in children <15 years old. Childhood survival rates have significantly improved within the last 40 years due to a rapid advancement in therapeutic interventions. However, in high-risk groups, survival rates remain poor. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data of cancer medications in children are limited and thus current dosing regimens are based on studies with small sample sizes. In adults, large variability in PK is observed and dose individualisation (plasma concentration guided dosing) has been associated with improved clinical outcomes; whether this is true for children is still unknown. This provides an opportunity to explore this strategy in children to potentially reduce toxicities and ensure optimal dosing. This paper will provide a protocol to systematically review studies that have used dose individualisation of drugs used in the treatment of childhood leukaemias. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Systematic review methodology will be applied to identify, select and extract data from published plasma guided dosing studies conducted in a paediatric leukaemia cohort. Databases (eg, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Cochrane) and clinical trial registries (CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov and ISRCTN) will be used to perform the systematic literature search (up until February 2021). Only full empirical studies will be included, with primary clinical outcomes (progression-free survival, toxicities, minimal residual disease status, complete cytogenetic response, partial cytogenetic response and major molecular response) being used to decide whether the study will be included. The quality of included studies will be undertaken, with a subgroup analysis where appropriate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review will not require ethics approval as there will not be collection of primary data. Findings of this review will be made available through publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. Gaps will be identified in current literature to inform future-related research. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021225045.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelé van Dyk
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute - Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chelsea Boylan
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute - Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robin Michelet
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- PharMetrX Graduate Research Training Program, Postdam/Berlin, UK
| | - Anna M Mc Laughlin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Postdam/Berlin, PharMetrX Graduate Research Training Program, Postdam/Berlin, Germany
| | - Ganessan Kichenadasse
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute - Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nikki May
- SA Health Library Service, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Victoria Ziesenitz
- Pediatric Cardiology & Congenital Heart Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes N Van Den Anker
- Division of Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Stefanie L Groenland
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Mikus
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, UniversitatsKlinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institut fur Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heather Tapp
- Haematology/Oncology Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Eisenmann ED, Talebi Z, Sparreboom A, Baker SD. Boosting the oral bioavailability of anticancer drugs through intentional drug-drug interactions. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 130 Suppl 1:23-35. [PMID: 34117715 PMCID: PMC8665934 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral anticancer drugs suffer from significant variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics partially due to limited bioavailability. The limited bioavailability of anticancer drugs is due to both pharmaceutical limitations and physiological barriers. Pharmacokinetic boosting is a strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability of a therapeutic drug by inhibiting physiological barriers through an intentional drug-drug interaction (DDI). This type of strategy has proven effective across several therapeutic indications including anticancer treatment. Pharmacokinetic boosting could improve anticancer drugs lacking or with otherwise unacceptable oral formulations through logistic, economic, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic benefits. Despite these benefits, pharmacokinetic boosting strategies could result in unintended DDIs and are only likely to benefit a limited number of targets. Highlighting this concern, pharmacokinetic boosting has mixed results depending on the boosted drug. While pharmacokinetic boosting did not significantly improve certain drugs, it has resulted in the commercial approval of boosted oral formulations for other drugs. Pharmacokinetic boosting to improve oral anticancer therapy is an expanding area of research that is likely to improve treatment options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Eisenmann
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zahra Talebi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sharyn D. Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Shigdar S, Agnello L, Fedele M, Camorani S, Cerchia L. Profiling Cancer Cells by Cell-SELEX: Use of Aptamers for Discovery of Actionable Biomarkers and Therapeutic Applications Thereof. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:28. [PMID: 35056924 PMCID: PMC8781458 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of tumor cell-specific surface markers is a key step towards personalized cancer medicine, allowing early assessment and accurate diagnosis, and development of efficacious targeted therapies. Despite significant efforts, currently the spectrum of cell membrane targets associated with approved treatments is still limited, causing an inability to treat a large number of cancers. What mainly limits the number of ideal clinical biomarkers is the high complexity and heterogeneity of several human cancers and still-limited methods for molecular profiling of specific cancer types. Thanks to the simplicity, versatility and effectiveness of its application, cell-SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) technology is a valid complement to the present strategies for biomarkers' discovery. We and other researchers worldwide are attempting to apply cell-SELEX to the generation of oligonucleotide aptamers as tools for both identifying new cancer biomarkers and targeting them by innovative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the potential of cell-SELEX for increasing the currently limited repertoire of actionable cancer cell-surface biomarkers and focus on the use of the selected aptamers as components of innovative conjugates and nano-formulations for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Lisa Agnello
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore”, CNR, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (M.F.); (S.C.)
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, S. Andrea Delle Dame-Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Fedele
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore”, CNR, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (M.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Camorani
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore”, CNR, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (M.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Laura Cerchia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore”, CNR, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (M.F.); (S.C.)
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van der Kooij RS, Steendam R, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. An overview of the production methods for core-shell microspheres for parenteral controlled drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 170:24-42. [PMID: 34861359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell microspheres hold great promise as a drug delivery system because they offer several benefits over monolithic microspheres in terms of release kinetics, for instance a reduced initial burst release, the possibility of delayed (pulsatile) release, and the possibility of dual-drug release. Also, the encapsulation efficiency can significantly be improved. Various methods have proven to be successful in producing these core-shell microspheres, both the conventional bulk emulsion solvent evaporation method and methods in which the microspheres are produced drop by drop. The latter have become increasingly popular because they provide improved control over the particle characteristics. This review assesses various production methods for core-shell microspheres and summarizes the characteristics of formulations prepared by the different methods, with a focus on their release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée S van der Kooij
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Steendam
- InnoCore Pharmaceuticals, L.J. Zielstraweg 1, 9713 GX Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Current Knowledge About the Implication of Bacterial Microbiota in Human Health and Disease. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2021-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular genetics and the invention of new technologies led to a development in our knowledge about human microbiota, specifically bacterial one. The microbiota plays a fundamental role in the immunologic, hormonal and metabolic homeostasis of the host. After the initiation of the Human Microbiome Project, it became clear that the human microbiota consists of the 10-100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells harbored by each person, primarily bacteria in the gut, but also in other spots as the skin, mouth, nose, and vagina. Despite of the differences in studying bacterial species, decreased bacterial diversity and persistence has been connected with several diverse human diseases primarily diabetes, IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) and others; attempts were made even to explain psychiatric pathology. Several species emerged as dominant and were clearly linked to certain disorders or accepted as biomarkers of others. The current review aims to discuss key issues of our current knowledge about bacteria in human, the difficulties and methods of its analysis, its contribution to human health and responsibility for human diseases.
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