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Kim EJ, Park SW, Hong WJ, Silva J, Liang W, Zhang D, Jung KH, Kim YJ. Genome-wide analysis of RopGEF gene family to identify genes contributing to pollen tube growth in rice (Oryza sativa). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:95. [PMID: 32131749 PMCID: PMC7057574 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, the key roles played by RopGEF-mediated ROP signaling in diverse processes, including polar tip growth, have been identified. Despite their important roles in reproduction, a comprehensive analysis of RopGEF members has not yet been performed in rice (Oryza sativa). To determine whether RopGEF regulators are involved in rice pollen tube growth, we performed genome-wide analysis of this family in rice. RESULTS Phylogenomic and meta-expression analysis of eleven RopGEFs in rice showed that four genes were preferentially expressed in mature pollen. These four genes contain the plant-specific Rop nucleotide exchanger (PRONE) domain and possible phosphorylated residues, suggesting a conserved role in polar tip growth with Arabidopsis thaliana. In subcellular localization analysis of the four RopGEFs through tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) infiltration, four proteins were predominantly identified in plasma membrane. Moreover, double mutants of RopGEF2/8 exhibited reduced pollen germination, causing partial male sterility. These genes possess unique cis-acting elements in their promoters compared with the other RopGEF genes. CONCLUSIONS In this study, four RopGEF genes were identified as pollen-specific gene in eleven members of rice, and the expression pattern, promoter analysis, and evolutionary relationship of the RopGEF family were studied compared with Arabidopsis. Our study indicated that four RopGEF genes might function during pollen germination in distinct subcellular localization. Our study could provide valuable information on the functional study of RopGEF in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Jeniffer Silva
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
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2
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Liu W, Pei M, Zhang A. Studying on the strictly self-compatibility mechanism of 'Liuyefeitao' peach (Prunus persica L.). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200914. [PMID: 30067848 PMCID: PMC6070229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica L.) generally exhibits self-pollination, however, they can also be pollinated by other varieties of pollen. Here we found two varieties that are different from other peaches: 'Daifei' and 'Liuyefeitao'. 'Daifei' produces less pollen, which needs artificial pollination, honeybee pollination, and the fruit setting depends on other varieties of peach pollen. 'Liuyefeitao' exhibits strictly self-pollination, hence pollen from other species is rejected. To explore the mechanism of this phenomenon, we performed a high-throughput sequencing of the stigma (including style) of 'Daifei' and 'Liuyefeitao' to explain the rejection mechanism of other varieties of pollen of 'Liuyefeitao' peach. In our study, we found one S gene, and lots of non-S-locus factors such as: F-box proteins, Ub/26S, MAPKs, RLK, and transcription factor were differential expressed between 'Daifei' and 'Liuyefeitao'. We supposed that the strictly self-compatible of 'Liuyefeitao' may result from the synthesis of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maosong Pei
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anning Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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3
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Sede AR, Borassi C, Wengier DL, Mecchia MA, Estevez JM, Muschietti JP. Arabidopsis pollen extensins LRX are required for cell wall integrity during pollen tube growth. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:233-243. [PMID: 29265366 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Proper cell wall assembly is crucial during pollen tube growth. Leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRXs) are extracellular glycoproteins which belong to the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) family. They contain a conserved N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain and a highly variable C-terminal extensin domain. Here, we characterized four LRX proteins (LRX8 through LRX11) from pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate the role of LRX8-LRX11 in pollen germination and pollen tube growth, multiple T-DNA lrx mutants were obtained. The lrx mutants display abnormal pollen tubes with an irregular deposition of callose and pectin. They also show serious alterations in pollen germination and segregation ratio. Our results suggest that LRXs are involved in ensuring proper cell wall assembly during pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Sede
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Borassi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, IFIByNE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego L Wengier
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín A Mecchia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, IFIByNE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge P Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Fehér A, Lajkó DB. Signals fly when kinases meet Rho-of-plants (ROP) small G-proteins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 237:93-107. [PMID: 26089155 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rho-type small GTP-binding plant proteins function as two-state molecular switches in cellular signalling. There is accumulating evidence that Rho-of-plants (ROP) signalling is positively controlled by plant receptor kinases, through the ROP guanine nucleotide exchange factor proteins. These signalling modules regulate cell polarity, cell shape, hormone responses, and pathogen defence, among other things. Other ROP-regulatory proteins might also be subjected to protein phosphorylation by cellular kinases (e.g., mitogen-activated protein kinases or calcium-dependent protein kinases), in order to integrate various cellular signalling pathways with ROP GTPase-dependent processes. In contrast to the role of kinases in upstream ROP regulation, much less is known about the potential link between ROP GTPases and downstream kinase signalling. In other eukaryotes, Rho-type G-protein-activated kinases are widespread and have a key role in many cellular processes. Recent data indicate the existence of structurally different ROP-activated kinases in plants, but their ROP-dependent biological functions still need to be validated. In addition to these direct interactions, ROPs may also indirectly control the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases or calcium-dependent protein kinases. These kinases may therefore function as upstream as well as downstream kinases in ROP-mediated signalling pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinases involved in cell polarity establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Fehér
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Dézi Bianka Lajkó
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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5
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Wrzaczek M, Vainonen JP, Stael S, Tsiatsiani L, Help-Rinta-Rahko H, Gauthier A, Kaufholdt D, Bollhöner B, Lamminmäki A, Staes A, Gevaert K, Tuominen H, Van Breusegem F, Helariutta Y, Kangasjärvi J. GRIM REAPER peptide binds to receptor kinase PRK5 to trigger cell death in Arabidopsis. EMBO J 2014; 34:55-66. [PMID: 25398910 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of extracellular peptides by plasma membrane-localized receptor proteins is commonly used in signal transduction. In plants, very little is known about how extracellular peptides are processed and activated in order to allow recognition by receptors. Here, we show that induction of cell death in planta by a secreted plant protein GRIM REAPER (GRI) is dependent on the activity of the type II metacaspase METACASPASE-9. GRI is cleaved by METACASPASE-9 in vitro resulting in the release of an 11 amino acid peptide. This peptide bound in vivo to the extracellular domain of the plasma membrane-localized, atypical leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase POLLEN-SPECIFIC RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 5 (PRK5) and was sufficient to induce oxidative stress/ROS-dependent cell death. This shows a signaling pathway in plants from processing and activation of an extracellular protein to recognition by its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wrzaczek
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia P Vainonen
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liana Tsiatsiani
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna Help-Rinta-Rahko
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Kaufholdt
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benjamin Bollhöner
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Airi Lamminmäki
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - An Staes
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Pertl-Obermeyer H, Schulze WX, Obermeyer G. In vivo cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry analysis reveals receptor-like kinases and Ca2+ signalling proteins as putative interaction partners of pollen plasma membrane H+ ATPases. J Proteomics 2014; 108:17-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Chen J, Yang Z. Novel ABP1-TMK auxin sensing system controls ROP GTPase-mediated interdigitated cell expansion in Arabidopsis. Small GTPases 2014:e29711. [PMID: 25483217 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.29711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ROP GTPases (Rho-like GTPase from plants), plant counterparts of animal and fungal Rho-family GTPases, have recently been shown to be key components of a novel signaling pathway activated by the plant hormone auxin. Auxin (indole acetic acid) is a key regulator of virtually every aspect of plant growth and development, yet the molecular mechanisms of auxin responses remain largely unknown. AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (ABP1) is an ancient protein that binds auxin and has been implied as a receptor for a number of auxin responses, but its precise mechanism remains unresolved. A paradox for ABP1's action is that it is predominantly found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, while it has been implicated as a cell surface auxin receptor, functionally distinct from the nuclear TIR1/AFB auxin receptor family that regulates transcriptional responses. Since our group reported that ABP1 is required for activating two antagonizing ROP signaling pathways involved in cytoskeletal reorganization and cell shape formation in Arabidopsis leaf pavement cells, we recently further showed that the plasma membrane-localized TMK receptor-like kinases functionally interact in a complex with ABP1 and are required for ABP1-dependent activation of ROP GTPases by auxin. The formation of this cell surface complex is induced by auxin and requires functional ABP1. These exciting findings provide convincing evidence for this novel auxin sensing system on the cell surface and suggest intriguing mechanisms for TMKs being functional partners of ABP1 to transmit extracellular auxin signal to intracellular ROP signaling module during polar cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Chen
- a Center for Plant Cell Biology; Department of Botany and Plant Sciences; University of California; Riverside, CA USA
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8
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Vaškovičová K, Žárský V, Rösel D, Nikolič M, Buccione R, Cvrčková F, Brábek J. Invasive cells in animals and plants: searching for LECA machineries in later eukaryotic life. Biol Direct 2013; 8:8. [PMID: 23557484 PMCID: PMC3663805 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-8-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive cell growth and migration is usually considered a specifically metazoan phenomenon. However, common features and mechanisms of cytoskeletal rearrangements, membrane trafficking and signalling processes contribute to cellular invasiveness in organisms as diverse as metazoans and plants – two eukaryotic realms genealogically connected only through the last common eukaryotic ancestor (LECA). By comparing current understanding of cell invasiveness in model cell types of both metazoan and plant origin (invadopodia of transformed metazoan cells, neurites, pollen tubes and root hairs), we document that invasive cell behavior in both lineages depends on similar mechanisms. While some superficially analogous processes may have arisen independently by convergent evolution (e.g. secretion of substrate- or tissue-macerating enzymes by both animal and plant cells), at the heart of cell invasion is an evolutionarily conserved machinery of cellular polarization and oriented cell mobilization, involving the actin cytoskeleton and the secretory pathway. Its central components - small GTPases (in particular RHO, but also ARF and Rab), their specialized effectors, actin and associated proteins, the exocyst complex essential for polarized secretion, or components of the phospholipid- and redox- based signalling circuits (inositol-phospholipid kinases/PIP2, NADPH oxidases) are aparently homologous among plants and metazoans, indicating that they were present already in LECA. Reviewer: This article was reviewed by Arcady Mushegian, Valerian Dolja and Purificacion Lopez-Garcia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Vaškovičová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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9
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Potocký M, Pejchar P, Gutkowska M, Jiménez-Quesada MJ, Potocká A, Alché JDD, Kost B, Žárský V. NADPH oxidase activity in pollen tubes is affected by calcium ions, signaling phospholipids and Rac/Rop GTPases. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1654-63. [PMID: 22762791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) are crucial for tip growth of pollen tubes. However, the regulation of NOX activity in pollen tubes remains unknown. Using purified plasma membrane fractions from tobacco and olive pollen and tobacco BY-2 cells, we demonstrate that pollen NOX is activated by calcium ions and low abundant signaling phospholipids, such as phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in vitro and in vivo. Our data also suggest possible synergism between Ca(2+) and phospholipid-mediated NOX activation in pollen. Rac/Rop small GTPases are also necessary for normal pollen tube growth and have been proposed to regulate ROS production in root hairs. We show here elevated ROS formation in pollen tubes overexpressing wild-type NtRac5 and constitutively active NtRac5, while overexpression of dominant-negative NtRac5 led to a decrease of ROS in pollen tubes. We also show that PA formed by distinct phospholipases D (PLD) is involved in pathways both upstream and downstream of NOX-mediated ROS generation and identify NtPLDδ as a PLD isoform acting in the ROS response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany, vvi, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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10
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Huesmann C, Reiner T, Hoefle C, Preuss J, Jurca ME, Domoki M, Fehér A, Hückelhoven R. Barley ROP binding kinase1 is involved in microtubule organization and in basal penetration resistance to the barley powdery mildew fungus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:311-20. [PMID: 22415513 PMCID: PMC3375967 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.191940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Certain plant receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases were reported to interact with small monomeric G-proteins of the RHO of plant (ROP; also called RAC) family in planta and to be activated by this interaction in vitro. We identified a barley (Hordeum vulgare) partial cDNA of a ROP binding protein kinase (HvRBK1) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid screenings with barley HvROP bait proteins. Protein interaction of the constitutively activated (CA) barley HvROPs CA HvRACB and CA HvRAC1 with full-length HvRBK1 was verified in yeast and in planta. Green fluorescent protein-tagged HvRBK1 appears in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, but CA HvRACB or CA HvRAC1 can recruit green fluorescent protein-HvRBK1 to the cell periphery. Barley HvRBK1 is an active kinase in vitro, and activity is enhanced by CA HvRACB or GTP-loaded HvRAC1. Hence, HvRBK1 might act downstream of active HvROPs. Transient-induced gene silencing of barley HvRBK1 supported penetration by the parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, suggesting a function of the protein in basal disease resistance. Transient knockdown of HvRBK1 also influenced the stability of cortical microtubules in barley epidermal cells. Hence, HvRBK1 might function in basal resistance to powdery mildew by influencing microtubule organization.
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11
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Salem TM, Barberini ML, Wengier DL, Cabanas ML, de Paz P, Muschietti J. Oligomerization studies show that the kinase domain of the tomato pollen receptor kinase LePRK2 is necessary for interaction with LePRK1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 53:40-45. [PMID: 22306355 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
LePRK1 and LePRK2 are two pollen-specific receptor-like kinases from Solanum lycopersicum that are involved in signaling during pollen-pistil communication. Previously, we showed that both proteins interact in pollen and when expressed in yeast. We also showed that pollen tube length was regulated by phosphorylation of specific residues in the juxtamembrane domain of LePRK2. To determine the domains responsible for the interaction between LePRK1 and LePRK2, we constructed a series of deletions, expressed them in yeast and determined their association by co-immunoprecipitation assays. We show that deletions containing extracellular domains of LePRK1 and LePRK2 were glycosylated in yeast and were sufficient for interaction with the corresponding full-length receptor. The juxtamembrane domain of LePRK1 was sufficient for its interaction with LePRK2, whereas LePRK2 required its kinase domain for interaction with LePRK1. These findings suggest a role for the juxtamembrane domain of LePRK2 in mediating intracellular dimerization and thus receptor kinase phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Marcela Salem
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular INGEBI - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Mucha E, Fricke I, Schaefer A, Wittinghofer A, Berken A. Rho proteins of plants – Functional cycle and regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:934-43. [PMID: 21277045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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13
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Schaefer A, Höhner K, Berken A, Wittinghofer A. The unique plant RhoGAPs are dimeric and contain a CRIB motif required for affinity and specificity towards cognate small G proteins. Biopolymers 2011; 95:420-33. [PMID: 21294109 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant Rho proteins (ROPs) are inactivated by specific GTPase activating proteins, called RopGAPs. Many of these comprise the exclusive combination of a classic, catalytic Arg-containing RhoGAP domain, and a Cdc42/ Rac interactive binding (CRIB) motif which in animal and fungi has been identified in effectors for Cdc42 and Rac1, but never in any GAP protein. Both elements are required for an efficient RopGAP activity. Here, we analyzed the effect of the CRIB motif on the complex formation and the binding reaction with plant and human Rho proteins by using kinetic and equilibrium methods. We show that RopGAP2 from Arabidopsis thaliana dimerizes via its GAP domain and forms a 2:2 complex with ROP. The CRIB effector motif mediates high affinity and specificity in binding. The catalytic Arg in the context of the CRIB motif is inhibitory for binding. The unusually slow association and dissociation reactions suggest a major conformational change whereby the CRIB motif functions as a lid for binding and/or release of ROP. We propose a two-site interaction model where ROP binds to the CRIB motif as described for the human CRIB effectors and to the catalytic GAP domain as described for animal RhoGAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Schaefer
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto Hahn Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Humphries JA, Vejlupkova Z, Luo A, Meeley RB, Sylvester AW, Fowler JE, Smith LG. ROP GTPases act with the receptor-like protein PAN1 to polarize asymmetric cell division in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:2273-84. [PMID: 21653193 PMCID: PMC3160025 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.085597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant Rho family GTPases (ROPs) have been investigated primarily for their functions in polarized cell growth. We previously showed that the maize (Zea mays) Leu-rich repeat receptor-like protein PANGLOSS1 (PAN1) promotes the polarization of asymmetric subsidiary mother cell (SMC) divisions during stomatal development. Here, we show that maize Type I ROPs 2 and 9 function together with PAN1 in this process. Partial loss of ROP2/9 function causes a weak SMC division polarity phenotype and strongly enhances this phenotype in pan1 mutants. Like PAN1, ROPs accumulate in an asymmetric manner in SMCs. Overexpression of yellow fluorescent protein-ROP2 is associated with its delocalization in SMCs and with aberrantly oriented SMC divisions. Polarized localization of ROPs depends on PAN1, but PAN1 localization is insensitive to depletion and depolarization of ROP. Membrane-associated Type I ROPs display increased nonionic detergent solubility in pan1 mutants, suggesting a role for PAN1 in membrane partitioning of ROPs. Finally, endogenous PAN1 and ROP proteins are physically associated with each other in maize tissue extracts, as demonstrated by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation experiments. This study demonstrates that ROPs play a key role in polarization of plant cell division and cell growth and reveals a role for a receptor-like protein in spatial localization of ROPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Humphries
- University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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