1
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Bhattacharjee P, Ahearne M. Influence of spiral topographies on human limbal-derived immortalized corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109252. [PMID: 36150543 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cells migrate from the limbus to the corneal epithelium following a centripetal pathway. Corneal epithelial cells tend to orientate in spiral or vortex patterns. However, when cultured in-vitro, limbal derived corneal epithelia do not tend to align or migrate in a spiral pattern. Here, we used soft lithography to create silk fibroin substrates with spiral topographies that direct the human limbal-derived immortalized corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi) to form a spiral orientation. The impact of this topography on the cells was then characterized. The spiral patterns affected cytoskeletal organization, cell spreading, and nuclei shapes. Spiral width and numbers had a significant impact on proliferation of cells, their focal adhesion, their chromatin condensation, and number of actin filaments. Immunocytochemical staining showed that the spiral pattern enhanced the expression of markers associated with limbal stem cells. The current work illustrates micro spiral patterns can serve to control the nature of limbal derived epithelial cells by providing relevant biophysical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promita Bhattacharjee
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ahearne
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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2
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Delivery of Cells to the Cornea Using Synthetic Biomaterials. Cornea 2022; 41:1325-1336. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Wang X, Steinberg T, Dieterle MP, Ramminger I, Husari A, Tomakidi P. FAK Shutdown: Consequences on Epithelial Morphogenesis and Biomarker Expression Involving an Innovative Biomaterial for Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189774. [PMID: 34575938 PMCID: PMC8470904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
By employing an innovative biohybrid membrane, the present study aimed at elucidating the mechanistic role of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in epithelial morphogenesis in vitro over 4, 7, and 10 days. The consequences of siRNA-mediated FAK knockdown on epithelial morphogenesis were monitored by quantifying cell layers and detecting the expression of biomarkers of epithelial differentiation and homeostasis. Histologic examination of FAK-depleted samples showed a significant increase in cell layers resembling epithelial hyperplasia. Semiquantitative fluorescence imaging (SQFI) revealed tissue homeostatic disturbances by significantly increased involucrin expression over time, persistence of yes-associated protein (YAP) and an increase of keratin (K) 1 at day 4. The dysbalanced involucrin pattern was underscored by ROCK-IISer1366 activity at day 7 and 10. SQFI data were confirmed by quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, thereby corroborating the FAK shutdown-related expression changes. The artificial FAK shutdown was also associated with a significantly higher expression of filaggrin at day 10, sustained keratinocyte proliferation, and the dysregulated expression of K19 and vimentin. These siRNA-induced consequences indicate the mechanistic role of FAK in epithelial morphogenesis by simultaneously considering prospective biomaterial-based epithelial regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin P. Dieterle
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Imke Ramminger
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ayman Husari
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
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4
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Öztürk-Öncel MÖ, Erkoc-Biradli FZ, Rasier R, Marcali M, Elbuken C, Garipcan B. Rose petal topography mimicked poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates for enhanced corneal endothelial cell behavior. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112147. [PMID: 34082958 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Low proliferation capacity of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) and worldwide limitations in transplantable donor tissues reveal the critical need of a robust approach for in vitro CEC growth. However, preservation of CEC-specific phenotype with increased proliferation has been a great challenge. Here we offer a biomimetic cell substrate design, by optimizing mechanical, topographical and biochemical characteristics of materials with CEC microenvironment. We showed the surprising similarity between topographical features of white rose petals and corneal endothelium due to hexagonal cell shapes and physiologically relevant cell density (≈ 2000 cells/mm2). Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with replica of white rose petal topography and cornea-friendly Young's modulus (211.85 ± 74.9 kPa) were functionalized with two of the important corneal extracellular matrix (ECM) components, collagen IV (COL 4) and hyaluronic acid (HA). White rose petal patterned and COL 4 modified PDMS with optimized stiffness provided enhanced bovine CEC response with higher density monolayers and increased phenotypic marker expression. This biomimetic approach demonstrates a successful platform to improve in vitro cell substrate properties of PDMS for corneal applications, suggesting an alternative environment for CEC-based therapies, drug toxicity investigations, microfluidics and organ-on-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rıfat Rasier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Marcali
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Caglar Elbuken
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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5
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Prina E, Amer MH, Sidney L, Tromayer M, Moore J, Liska R, Bertolin M, Ferrari S, Hopkinson A, Dua H, Yang J, Wildman R, Rose FRAJ. Bioinspired Precision Engineering of Three-Dimensional Epithelial Stem Cell Microniches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000016. [PMID: 32329968 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the epithelium relies on stem cells residing within specialized microenvironments, known as epithelial crypts. Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is a valuable tool for fabricating 3D micro/nanostructures for stem cell niche engineering applications. Herein, biomimetic gelatin methacrylate-based constructs, replicating the precise geometry of the limbal epithelial crypt structures (limbal stem cell "microniches") as an exemplar epithelial niche, are fabricated using 2PP. Human limbal epithelial stem cells (hLESCs) are seeded within the microniches in xeno-free conditions to investigate their ability to repopulate the crypts and the expression of various differentiation markers. Cell proliferation and a zonation in cell phenotype along the z-axis are observed without the use of exogenous signaling molecules. Significant differences in cell phenotype between cells located at the base of the microniche and those situated towards the rim are observed, demonstrating that stem cell fate is strongly influenced by its location within a niche and the geometrical details of where it resides. This study provides insight into the influence of the niche's spatial geometry on hLESCs and demonstrates a flexible approach for the fabrication of biomimetic crypt-like structures in epithelial tissues. This has significant implications for regenerative medicine applications and can ultimately lead to implantable synthetic "niche-based" treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Prina
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mahetab H Amer
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Laura Sidney
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Maximilian Tromayer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Jonathan Moore
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Marina Bertolin
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto Onlus, Padiglione Rama, Via Paccagnella 11, Zelarino-Venezia, 30174, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto Onlus, Padiglione Rama, Via Paccagnella 11, Zelarino-Venezia, 30174, Italy
| | - Andrew Hopkinson
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Harminder Dua
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ricky Wildman
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Felicity R A J Rose
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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6
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Xiong S, Gao H, Qin L, Jia YG, Ren L. Engineering topography: Effects on corneal cell behavior and integration into corneal tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:293-302. [PMID: 31709312 PMCID: PMC6829100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-material interactions are important to tissue engineering. Inspired by the natural topographic structures on the extracellular matrix, a growing number of studies have integrated engineering topography into investigations of cell behavior on biomaterials. Engineering topography has a significant influence on cell behaviors. These cell-topography interactions play an important role in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Similarly, cell-topography interactions are important to corneal reconstruction and regeneration. In this review, we primarily summarized the effects of topographic cues on the behaviors of corneal cells, including cell morphology, adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Furthermore, the integration of engineering surface topography into corneal tissue engineering was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - HuiChang Gao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lanfeng Qin
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yong-Guang Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510555, China
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7
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Ogorevc J, Poklukar K, Dovč P. Establishment and characterization of proliferating primary cultures of equine epidermal keratinocytes. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 32:282-291. [PMID: 31736400 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1687091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin-derived tissue cultures are a useful model to study molecular mechanisms of skin renewal and pathogenesis of dermal diseases. Horses often suffer from skin diseases, skin trauma and problems with proper wound healing, which could be improved by in vitro grown keratinocyte grafts. Herein we describe establishment and characterization of equine skin-derived primary cell cultures, using enzymatic and explant methods. The established cell lines of primary equine keratinocytes (peK) maintained high proliferative capacity for over five passages and expressed different epithelial/keratinocyte-specific markers. Characterization of the primary culture was performed in parallel with localization studies of the markers in the skin histological sections, using commercially available antibodies. Relative expression of typical differentiation stage-specific markers was determined in the established cell lines, using RT-qPCR. Basal (proliferating) keratinocytes were the predominant cell type in the established cell lines, but low expression of post-mitotic keratinocyte markers was also detected. Differences in marker expression were observed neither between the peK originating from two different animals nor between the peK established with two different methods (enzymatically or by explanting). The described methods in combination with the suggested characterization and differentiation markers are suitable for establishment of proliferating peK and evaluation of their differentiation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Ogorevc
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Klavdija Poklukar
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia.,Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Dovč
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia
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8
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Strassburg S, Caduc M, Stark GB, Jedrusik N, Tomakidi P, Steinberg T, Simunovic F, Finkenzeller G. In vivo evaluation of an electrospun gelatin nonwoven mat for regeneration of epithelial tissues. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1605-1614. [PMID: 30907052 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One major objective in epithelial tissue engineering is to identify a suitable biomaterial that supports epithelial tissue formation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to elucidate a novel electrospun gelatin nonwoven mat (NWM) for epithelial tissue engineering purposes in vivo. This NWM was seeded with either human gingival keratinocytes (GK, in coculture with gingival fibroblast) or human skin epithelial keratinocytes (EK, in coculture with skin dermal fibroblasts). These constructs were ex vivo cultured for 4 days before subcutaneous implantation into athymic nude mice. After 7 days, the constructs were explanted and investigated by immunohistology. Our results show that GK form a stratified epithelium on the surface of the NWM, mostly independent of a fibroblastic counterpart. Like native mucosa, the regenerated epithelium showed expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, cytokeratin-14 and -1, and involucrin. Only the expression of the basement membrane constituent laminin 5 was more pronounced in cocultures. Comparing GK and skin EK, we found that skin EK form a less developed epithelial tissue. Furthermore, the NWM allows not only for epithelial tissue formation by GK, but also for infiltration of human fibroblasts and mouse immune cells, thus representing a biomaterial with potential regenerative capacity for oral mucosa tissue engineering applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1605-1614, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Strassburg
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Madeline Caduc
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bjoern Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Jedrusik
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Filip Simunovic
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Jedrusik N, Steinberg T, Husari A, Volk L, Wang X, Finkenzeller G, Strassburg S, Tomakidi P. Gelatin nonwovens-based epithelial morphogenesis involves a signaling axis comprising EGF-receptor, MAP kinases ERK 1/2, and β1 integrin. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:663-677. [PMID: 30474276 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In biomaterials research, biomechanics which support tissue regeneration steadily gains of importance. Hence, we have previously shown that gelatin-based electrospun nonwoven mats (NWMs) with a distinct modulus of elasticity (3.2 kPa) promotes epithelial morphogenesis. Since molecular mechanisms of this morphogenesis are still unknown, the present study aims at identifying molecules, involved herein. Epithelia established on the NMWs showed persistence of the activated state of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), phosphorylated at the src-specific tyrosine 845 (EGF-RT845 ) throughout the observation period of 10 days. To elucidate whether the observed morphogenesis mechanistically involves EGF-R signaling, we inhibited EGF-R, by employing the EGF-RT845 specific inhibitor Gefitinib (IRESSA®). Gefitinib administration yielded a reduced expression of the β1 integrin subunit, a well-known cell-matrix interaction receptor, concomitant with downregulation of p42/44 ERK1/2 MAP-kinase activity. To elucidate whether the observed downregulation of β1 is EGF-RT845 -dependent or emerging from ERK1/2 signaling, we exposed epithelia, grown on the NWMs, with the ERK1/2-directed inhibitor U0126. In the absence of Gefitinib, inhibition of p42/44 MAP-kinase activity resulted in decreased β1 integrin protein levels, thus indicating that β1 expression is dependent on ERK1/2 and not EGF-RT845 . Our results showed the first time that an EGF-R-β1 integrin-signaling axis, including ERK1/2, promotes NWM-elasticity-based epithelial morphogenesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 663-677, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Jedrusik
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 101, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ayman Husari
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 101, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Volk
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Strassburg
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Jedrusik N, Meyen C, Finkenzeller G, Stark GB, Meskath S, Schulz SD, Steinberg T, Eberwein P, Strassburg S, Tomakidi P. Nanofibered Gelatin-Based Nonwoven Elasticity Promotes Epithelial Histogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2018. [PMID: 29529354 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Regarding tissue regeneration, mechanics of biomaterials gains progressive importance. Therefore, this study reports on in situ crosslinked electrospun gelatin nonwoven mats (NWMs) whose distinct modulus of elasticity (ME) promotes epithelial tissue formation in a graded manner. NWMs, comprising fiber diameters in various distributions, yield an ME of about 2.1, 3.2, and 10.9 kPa. A two-step approach of preclinical in vitro validation identifies the elasticity of 3.2 kPa as superior to the other, regarding the histogenetic epithelial outcome. Hence, this 3.2 kPa candidate NWM is colonized with oral mucosal epithelial keratinocytes in the absence or presence of mesenchymal fibroblasts and/or endothelial cells. Evaluation of epithelial histogenesis at days 1 to 10 occurs by colorimetric and fluorescence-based immunohistochemistry (IHCH) of specific biomarkers. These include cytokeratins (CK) 14, CK1, and involucrin that indicate different stages of epithelial differentiation, as well as the basement membrane constituent collagen type IV and Ki-67 as a proliferation marker. Intriguingly, histogenesis and IHCH reveal the best resemblance of the native epithelium by the NWM alone, irrespective of other cell counterparts. These findings prove the gelatin NWM a convenient cell matrix, and evidence that NWM mechanics is important to promote epithelial histogenesis in view of prospective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Jedrusik
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christoph Meyen
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - G. Björn Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stephan Meskath
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery; Medical Center - University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Simon Daniel Schulz
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Philipp Eberwein
- Eye Center; Medical Center - University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Sandra Strassburg
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
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11
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Prina E, Mistry P, Sidney LE, Yang J, Wildman RD, Bertolin M, Breda C, Ferrari B, Barbaro V, Hopkinson A, Dua HS, Ferrari S, Rose FRAJ. 3D Microfabricated Scaffolds and Microfluidic Devices for Ocular Surface Replacement: a Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:430-441. [PMID: 28573367 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increased research interest in generating corneal substitutes, either for use in the clinic or as in vitro corneal models. The advancement of 3D microfabrication technologies has allowed the reconstruction of the native microarchitecture that controls epithelial cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. In addition, such technology has allowed the inclusion of a dynamic fluid flow that better mimics the physiology of the native cornea. We review the latest innovative products in development in this field, from 3D microfabricated hydrogels to microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Prina
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pritesh Mistry
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Laura E Sidney
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marina Bertolin
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, c/o Padiglione G. Rama - Via Paccagnella 11, 30174 Zelarino, Venice, Italy
| | - Claudia Breda
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, c/o Padiglione G. Rama - Via Paccagnella 11, 30174 Zelarino, Venice, Italy
| | - Barbara Ferrari
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, c/o Padiglione G. Rama - Via Paccagnella 11, 30174 Zelarino, Venice, Italy
| | - Vanessa Barbaro
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, c/o Padiglione G. Rama - Via Paccagnella 11, 30174 Zelarino, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrew Hopkinson
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Harminder S Dua
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, c/o Padiglione G. Rama - Via Paccagnella 11, 30174 Zelarino, Venice, Italy.
| | - Felicity R A J Rose
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Jerg A, Schulz S, Tomakidi P, Hellwig E, Polydorou O. Modulation of gingival cell response towards dental composites. Dent Mater 2018; 34:412-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Eberwein P, Reinhard T. [New biomaterials and alternative stem cell sources for the reconstruction of the limbal stem cell niche]. Ophthalmologe 2017; 114:318-326. [PMID: 28378048 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-017-0463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of the limbal stem cell niche in patients with limbal stem cell insufficiency remains one of the most challenging tasks in the treatment of ocular surface diseases. Ex vivo expansion of limbal stem cells still has potential for optimization despite positive reports in centers worldwide. New biomaterials as well as alternative cell sources for the reconstruction of the limbal stem cell niche have been published in recent years. The aim of this review is to provide insight into new biomaterials and cell sources which may find their way into clinical routine in the upcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eberwein
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Uniklinikum Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - T Reinhard
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Uniklinikum Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
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Swain MV, Nohava J, Eberwein P. A simple basis for determination of the modulus and hydraulic conductivity of human ocular surface using nano-indentation. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:312-321. [PMID: 28003145 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a simple analysis based upon Darcy's Law and indentation contact mechanics to determine the effective hydraulic conductivity and elastic modulus of fluid filled tissues. The approach is illustrated with the mechanical response of the human ocular surface using a 500μm radius spherical tipped indenter. Indentations of various regions of the ocular surface including the corneal stroma, limbal region and sclera have been conducted. Force-control indentations were made to a maximum force, which was maintained before unloading. Measurements of the indentation response of cornea at three different loading rates were also made. Elastic like response was observed during loading, which was followed by extensive creep prior to unloading. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript attempts to provide a relatively simply model for the contact loading of fluid containing tissues and materials. It shows that the response of such materials provides a basis for determining the effective modulus and effective hydraulic conductivity (permeability) in much the same manner that hardness and modulus do for the indentation of elastic-plastic materials. Eye tissue with its anisotropic elastic and permeability properties is used to illustrate the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Swain
- Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - J Nohava
- Anton Paar, Rue de la Gare 4, 2034 Peseux, Switzerland
| | - P Eberwein
- Eye Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Eberwein P, Laird D, Schulz S, Reinhard T, Steinberg T, Tomakidi P. Modulation of focal adhesion constituents and their down-stream events by EGF: On the cross-talk of integrins and growth factor receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2183-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Eberwein P, Reinhard T. Concise Reviews: The Role of Biomechanics in the Limbal Stem Cell Niche: New Insights for Our Understanding of This Structure. Stem Cells 2015; 33:916-24. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Schulz S, Beck D, Laird D, Steinberg T, Tomakidi P, Reinhard T, Eberwein P. Natural corneal cell-based microenvironment as prerequisite for balanced 3D corneal epithelial morphogenesis: a promising animal experiment-abandoning tool in ophthalmology. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 20:297-307. [PMID: 23886248 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve durable recognition as a promising animal experiment-abandoning tool in ophthalmology, in vitro engineered tissue equivalents of the human cornea should exhibit proper morphogenesis. Regarding this issue, we were seeking for the natural cell microenvironment fulfilling the minimum requirements to allow human corneal keratinocytes to develop a balanced epithelial morphology with regular spatial appearance of tissue homeostatic biomarkers. Hence, we established cocultures of 3D cell-based collagen scaffolds comprising immortalized corneal keratinocytes combined with a gradual cornea-derived in vivo-like cell microenvironment, together with immortalized stromal fibroblasts alone (nonholistic) or fibroblasts and immortalized endothelial cells (holistic). With matched non-holistic microenvironments revealing mostly flattened cells and putative apical cell ablation foci at day 6, and 9 in HE stains, holistic counterparts yielded proper epithelial stratification with cell flattening restricted to apical layers. Concordantly, RT(2)-PCR showed a tremendous increase in gene expression for progressive and terminal biomarkers of corneal keratinocyte differentiation, cytokeratin (CK) 12, and filaggrin (FIL), in response to nonholistic environments, while involucrin (INV) was moderately but significantly upregulated. Although visible, this increase was moderate in corneal keratinocytes with a holistic environment. On the protein level, indirect immunofluorescence revealed that only epithelia of holistic environments showed diminishment in CK19, counteracted by CK12 rising over time. This time-dependent progression in differentiation coincided with declined proliferation and tissue-regular focus of differentiation biomarkers inv and fil to suprabasal and apical cell layers. Our novel findings suggest the interplay of native tissue forming cell entities, important for balanced corneal epithelial morphogenesis. In addition, they provide evidence for a holistic cell microenvironment as a prerequisite for development of an in vitro engineered corneal epithelial tissue equivalent, exhibiting a regular appearance of tissue homeostatic biomarkers. Such equivalents will be promising tools in ophthalmology, for example, for mechanistic studies in basic research and/or testing of generics or preclinical validation of innovative cornea-tailored biomaterials, desired for regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schulz
- 1 Department of Oral Biotechnology, Dental School, University Hospital of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
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Moers K, Steinberg T, Schlunck G, Reinhard T, Tomakidi P, Eberwein P. Substrate elasticity as biomechanical modulator of tissue homeostatic parameters in corneal keratinocytes. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1889-1901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Schulz S, Steinberg T, Beck D, Tomakidi P, Accardi R, Tommasino M, Reinhard T, Eberwein P. Generation and evaluation of a human corneal model cell system for ophthalmologic issues using the HPV16 E6/E7 oncogenes as uniform immortalization platform. Differentiation 2013; 85:161-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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