1
|
Targeting Ribosome Biogenesis in Cancer: Lessons Learned and Way Forward. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092126. [PMID: 35565259 PMCID: PMC9100539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cells need to produce ribosomes to sustain continuous proliferation and expand in numbers, a feature that is even more prominent in uncontrollably proliferating cancer cells. Certain cancer cell types are expected to depend more on ribosome biogenesis based on their genetic background, and this potential vulnerability can be exploited in designing effective, targeted cancer therapies. This review provides information on anti-cancer molecules that target the ribosome biogenesis machinery and indicates avenues for future research. Abstract Rapid growth and unrestrained proliferation is a hallmark of many cancers. To accomplish this, cancer cells re-wire and increase their biosynthetic and metabolic activities, including ribosome biogenesis (RiBi), a complex, highly energy-consuming process. Several chemotherapeutic agents used in the clinic impair this process by interfering with the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the nucleolus through the blockade of RNA polymerase I or by limiting the nucleotide building blocks of RNA, thereby ultimately preventing the synthesis of new ribosomes. Perturbations in RiBi activate nucleolar stress response pathways, including those controlled by p53. While compounds such as actinomycin D and oxaliplatin effectively disrupt RiBi, there is an ongoing effort to improve the specificity further and find new potent RiBi-targeting compounds with improved pharmacological characteristics. A few recently identified inhibitors have also become popular as research tools, facilitating our advances in understanding RiBi. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the various compounds targeting RiBi, their mechanism of action, and potential use in cancer therapy. We discuss screening strategies, drug repurposing, and common problems with compound specificity and mechanisms of action. Finally, emerging paths to discovery and avenues for the development of potential biomarkers predictive of therapeutic outcomes across cancer subtypes are also presented.
Collapse
|
2
|
Carotenuto P, Pecoraro A, Palma G, Russo G, Russo A. Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Nucleolus in Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E1090. [PMID: 31527430 PMCID: PMC6770360 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is a distinct sub-cellular compartment structure in the nucleus. First observed more than 200 years ago, the nucleolus is detectable by microscopy in eukaryotic cells and visible during the interphase as a sub-nuclear structure immersed in the nucleoplasm, from which it is not separated from any membrane. A huge number of studies, spanning over a century, have identified ribosome biogenesis as the main function of the nucleolus. Recently, novel functions, independent from ribosome biogenesis, have been proposed by several proteomic, genomic, and functional studies. Several works have confirmed the non-canonical role for nucleoli in regulating important cellular processes including genome stability, cell-cycle control, the cellular senescence, stress responses, and biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). Many authors have shown that both canonical and non-canonical functions of the nucleolus are associated with several cancer-related processes. The association between the nucleolus and cancer, first proposed by cytological and histopathological studies showing that the number and shape of nucleoli are commonly altered in almost any type of cancer, has been confirmed at the molecular level by several authors who demonstrated that numerous mechanisms occurring in the nucleolus are altered in tumors. Recently, therapeutic approaches targeting the nucleolus in cancer have started to be considered as an emerging "hallmark" of cancer and several therapeutic interventions have been developed. This review proposes an up-to-date overview of available strategies targeting the nucleolus, focusing on novel targeted therapeutic approaches. Finally, a target-based classification of currently available treatment will be proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Carotenuto
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Therapeutic Unit, London SM2 5NG, UK.
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli 80078, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Palma
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annapina Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farrell ML, Reagan MR. Soluble and Cell-Cell-Mediated Drivers of Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:218. [PMID: 29765356 PMCID: PMC5938346 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming clear that myeloma cell-induced disruption of the highly organized bone marrow components (both cellular and extracellular) results in destruction of the marrow and support for multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation, survival, migration, and drug resistance. Since the first phase I clinical trial on bortezomib was published 15 years ago, proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have become increasingly common for treatment of MM and are currently an essential part of any anti-myeloma combination therapy. PIs, either the first generation (bortezomib), second generation (carfilzomib) or oral agent (ixazomib), all take advantage of the heavy reliance of myeloma cells on the 26S proteasome for their degradation of excessive or misfolded proteins. Inhibiting the proteasome can create a crisis specifically for myeloma cells due to their rapid production of immunoglobulins. PIs have relatively few side effects and can be very effective, especially in combination therapy. If PI resistance can be overcome, these drugs may prove even more useful to a greater range of patients. Both soluble and insoluble (contact mediated) signals drive PI-resistance via activation of various intracellular signaling pathways. This review discusses the currently known mechanisms of non-autonomous (microenvironment dependent) mechanisms of PI resistance in myeloma cells. We also introduce briefly cell-autonomous and stress-mediated mechanisms of PI resistance. Our goal is to help researchers design better ways to study and overcome PI resistance, to ultimately design better combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariah L. Farrell
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Montacié C, Durut N, Opsomer A, Palm D, Comella P, Picart C, Carpentier MC, Pontvianne F, Carapito C, Schleiff E, Sáez-Vásquez J. Nucleolar Proteome Analysis and Proteasomal Activity Assays Reveal a Link between Nucleolus and 26S Proteasome in A. thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1815. [PMID: 29104584 PMCID: PMC5655116 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In all eukaryotic cells, the nucleolus is functionally and structurally linked to rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. This compartment contains as well factors involved in other cellular activities, but the functional interconnection between non-ribosomal activities and the nucleolus (structure and function) still remains an open question. Here, we report a novel mass spectrometry analysis of isolated nucleoli from Arabidopsis thaliana plants using the FANoS (Fluorescence Assisted Nucleolus Sorting) strategy. We identified many ribosome biogenesis factors (RBF) and proteins non-related with ribosome biogenesis, in agreement with the recognized multi-functionality of the nucleolus. Interestingly, we found that 26S proteasome subunits localize in the nucleolus and demonstrated that proteasome activity and nucleolus organization are intimately linked to each other. Proteasome subunits form discrete foci in the disorganized nucleolus of nuc1.2 plants. Nuc1.2 protein extracts display reduced proteasome activity in vitro compared to WT protein extracts. Remarkably, proteasome activity in nuc1.2 is similar to proteasome activity in WT plants treated with proteasome inhibitors (MG132 or ALLN). Finally, we show that MG132 treatment induces disruption of nucleolar structures in WT but not in nuc1.2 plants. Altogether, our data suggest a functional interconnection between nucleolus structure and proteasome activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Montacié
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Nathalie Durut
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Alison Opsomer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR7178 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Denise Palm
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Buchman Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pascale Comella
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Picart
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Frederic Pontvianne
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Christine Carapito
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR7178 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Buchman Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julio Sáez-Vásquez
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ni X, Zhang X, Hu CH, Langridge T, Tarapore RS, Allen JE, Oster W, Duvic M. ONC201 selectively induces apoptosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells via activating pro-apoptotic integrated stress response and inactivating JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61761-61776. [PMID: 28977902 PMCID: PMC5617462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are extremely symptomatic and still incurable, and more effective and less toxic therapies are urgently needed. ONC201, an imipridone compound, has shown efficacy in pre-clinical studies in multiple advanced cancers. This study was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of ONC201 on CTCL cells. The effect of ONC201 on the cell growth and apoptosis were evaluated in CTCL cell lines (n=8) and primary CD4+ malignant T cells isolated from CTCL patients (n=5). ONC201 showed a time-dependent cell growth inhibition in all treated cell lines with a concentration range of 1.25-10.0 μM. ONC201 also induced apoptosis in tested cells with a narrow concentration range of 2.5-10.0 μM, evidenced by increased Annexin V+ cells, accompanied by accumulated sub-G1 portions. ONC201 only induced apoptosis in CD4+ malignant T cells, not in normal CD4+ T cells. The activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a hallmark of integrated stress response, was upregulated in response to ONC201 whereas Akt was downregulated. In addition, molecules in JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways, as well as IL-32β, were downregulated following ONC201 treatment. Thus, ONC201 exerts a potent and selective anti-tumor effect on CTCL cells. Its efficacy may involve activating integrated stress response through ATF4 and inactivating JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ni
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cheng-Hui Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Langridge
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|