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Wang M, Gu H, Zhai Y, Li X, Huang L, Li H, Xie Z, Wen C. Vaccination and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:60. [PMID: 38433222 PMCID: PMC10910799 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aims to explore the potential link between vaccines and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase for observational studies from inception to September 3, 2023, using medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. Study quality was assessed using the NOS scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software (version 14.0). Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's regression. RESULTS The meta-analysis incorporated 17 studies, encompassing 45,067,349 individuals with follow-up periods ranging from 0.5 to 2 years. The pooled analysis revealed no significant association between vaccinations and an increased risk of SLE [OR = 1.14, 95% CI (0.86-1.52), I2 = 78.1%, P = 0.348]. Subgroup analyses indicated that HBV vaccination was significantly associated with an elevated risk of SLE [OR =2.11, 95% CI (1.11-4.00), I2 = 63.3%, P = 0.02], HPV vaccination was slightly associated with an increased risk of SLE [OR = 1.43, 95% CI (0.88-2.31), I2 = 72.4%, P = 0.148], influenza vaccination showed no association with an increased risk of SLE [OR = 0.96, 95% CI (0.82-1.12), I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.559], and COVID-19 vaccine was marginally associated with a decreased risk of SLE [OR = 0.44, 95% CI (0.18-1.21), I2 = 91.3%, P = 0.118]. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that vaccinations are not linked to an increased risk of SLE. Our meta-analysis results provide valuable insights, alleviating concerns about SLE risk post-vaccination and supporting further vaccine development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijiao Wang
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Binjiang Dsitrict, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanpeng Gu
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Binjiang Dsitrict, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Zhai
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Binjiang Dsitrict, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanlin Li
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Binjiang Dsitrict, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Binjiang Dsitrict, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haichang Li
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Binjiang Dsitrict, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Xie
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Binjiang Dsitrict, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chengping Wen
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Binjiang Dsitrict, Hangzhou, China.
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Hinterseher J, Hertl M, Didona D. Autoimmune skin disorders and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination - a meta-analysis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:853-861. [PMID: 37218538 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which is the cause of COVID-19 disease in infected patients, has led to an ongoing worldwide pandemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccination had a dramatic positive effect on the course of COVID-19, there has been increasing evidence of adverse effects after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This meta-analysis highlights the association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and de novo induction or aggravation of inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic meta-analysis of the literature on new onset or worsening of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy included following terms: "COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 vaccine bullous pemphigoid/pemphigus vulgaris/systemic lupus erythematosus/dermatomyositis/lichen planus/leukocytoclastic vasculitis." Moreover, we describe representative cases from our dermatology department. RESULTS The database-search in MEDLINE identified 31 publications on bullous pemphigoid, 24 on pemphigus vulgaris, 65 on systemic lupus erythematosus, nine on dermatomyositis, 30 on lichen planus, and 37 on leukocytoclastic vasculitis until June 30th, 2022. Severity and response to treatment varied among the described cases. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis highlights a link between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and new onset or worsening of inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases. Moreover, the extent of disease exacerbation has been exemplified by cases from our dermatological department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hinterseher
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dario Didona
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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3
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Hinterseher J, Hertl M, Didona D. Autoimmunerkrankungen der Haut und SARS-CoV-2-Impfung - eine Metaanalyse. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:853-862. [PMID: 37574683 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15114_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDas Coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, welches bei infizierten Patienten die COVID‐19‐Erkrankung auslöst, führte zu einer weltweiten Pandemie. Obwohl die SARS‐CoV‐2‐Impfung einen stark positiven Einfluss auf den Verlauf von COVID‐19 hatte, mehren sich die Hinweise auf Nebenwirkungen nach der SARS‐CoV‐2‐Impfung. Diese Metaanalyse unterstreicht den Zusammenhang zwischen der SARS‐CoV‐2‐Impfung und der Neuentstehung oder Verschlechterung von entzündlichen und autoimmunen Hauterkrankungen.Materialien und MethodikEine systematische Metaanalyse der Literatur über das Neuauftreten oder die Verschlechterung von entzündlichen und autoimmunen Hauterkrankungen nach der SARS‐CoV‐2‐Impfung wurde gemäß den PRISMA‐Richtlinien durchgeführt. Die Suchstrategie umfasste folgende Begriffe: „COVID‐19/SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine bullous pemphigoid/pemphigus vulgaris/systemic lupus erythematosus/dermatomyositis/lichen planus/leukocytoclastic vasculitis“ Außerdem beschreiben wir repräsentative Fälle aus unserer dermatologischen Abteilung.ErgebnisseDie Datenbanksuche in MEDLINE ergab bis zum 30.06.2022 31 Veröffentlichungen über bullöses Pemphigoid, 24 über Pemphigus vulgaris, 65 über systemischen Lupus erythematodes, neun über Dermatomyositis, 30 über Lichen planus und 37 über leukozytoklastische Vaskulitis. Schweregrad und Ansprechen auf die Behandlung waren bei den beschriebenen Fällen unterschiedlich.SchlussfolgerungenUnsere Metaanalyse zeigt einen Zusammenhang zwischen der SARS‐CoV‐2‐Impfung und dem Neuauftreten oder der Verschlechterung von entzündlichen und autoimmunen Hauterkrankungen. Darüber hinaus wurde das Ausmaß der Krankheitsverschlechterung anhand von Fällen aus unserer dermatologischen Abteilung veranschaulicht.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hinterseher
- Abteilung für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
| | - Michael Hertl
- Abteilung für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
| | - Dario Didona
- Abteilung für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
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4
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New-onset systemic lupus erythematosus following BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a case series and literature review. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:2261-2266. [PMID: 36098769 PMCID: PMC9468534 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data evaluated the possible link between the Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) vaccine and acute flares of rheumatic autoimmune diseases. However, the association between the COVID-19 vaccine and the development of de-novo rheumatic autoimmune diseases remained unclear. We report the first case series of three male patients who developed new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus following receiving Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. The clinical characteristics share some similarities with drug-induced lupus. More patients with SLE following COVID-19 may be diagnosed in the future. Additional studies will provide more significant insights into the possible immunogenic influence of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Kwan A, Rayes HA, Lazova T, Anderson N, Bonilla D, Su J, Touma Z. Herpes zoster in SLE: prevalence, incidence and risk factors. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:9/1/e000574. [PMID: 35017186 PMCID: PMC8753438 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) events and describe its associated factors in a study of patients with SLE. Methods 491 consecutive SLE participants were screened for HZ events using a patient-reported questionnaire to capture outcomes on pain and other characteristics associated with HZ events. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory measures were also analysed, and time-dependent Cox regression survival analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with HZ events. Results Prevalence of HZ was 30.5%, incidence was 14.3 cases per 1000 person-years. Lymphopenia and glucocorticoid dosing were significantly associated with HZ events. Conclusions HZ is highly prevalent in SLE, which may be linked to disease-related and treatment-related effects on cellular immunity. Our results suggest that the presence of certain risk factors may be useful to allow identification of patients at risk of HZ and improve its management in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kwan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanan Al Rayes
- Department of Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tijana Lazova
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Anderson
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennisse Bonilla
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiandong Su
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zahi Touma
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Recommendations and barriers to vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:990-1001. [PMID: 30103044 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) pose a unique dilemma pertaining to immunization against common pathogens. SLE patients are usually not immunized with vaccines based on the fear of either precipitating infection in this immunosuppressed patient population (with live vaccines) or aggravating autoimmunity and hence lupus flares (with any vaccines). However, elevated vulnerability to infection makes patients with SLE precisely the population that needs protection from vaccine-preventable diseases. A summary of guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, professional societies, review articles and expert opinions regarding use of individual vaccines applicable to adults with SLE is presented in this review.
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Watanabe R, Ishii T, Harigae H. Pretreatment Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 237:9-15. [PMID: 26288957 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.237.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common diseases, and approximately two billion people are infected with HBV in the world. Until recently, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients, carrying hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and/or hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), have been considered to have achieved the resolution of HBV infection; however, among those patients, the reactivation of HBV has been increasingly reported after chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or immunosuppressive therapy. The reactivation of HBV can cause lethal hepatitis called de novo hepatitis B. Therefore, serological examination for HBV infection before starting immunosuppressive therapy is now recommended for all patients with rheumatic diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the autoimmune diseases characterized by the production of autoantibodies and usually requires immunosuppressive therapy. However, to date, a few reports are available regarding the prevalence and time course of HBV infection in patients with SLE under immunosuppressive therapy. In this review, we update the prevalence and time course of HBV infection in lupus patients using our data and previous papers available, with a special emphasis on occult HBV infection and a decrease of HBV-related antibodies (anti-HBs and anti-HBc) under immunosuppressive therapy. This review also highlights the screening and management of HBV infection currently recommended and the potential role of HBV infection in the pathogenesis of SLE. Throughout the present review, we recommend the pretreatment screening for HBV infection in patients with SLE as well as patients with other rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Kaur K, Zheng NY, Smith K, Huang M, Li L, Pauli NT, Henry Dunand CJ, Lee JH, Morrissey M, Wu Y, Joachims ML, Munroe ME, Lau D, Qu X, Krammer F, Wrammert J, Palese P, Ahmed R, James JA, Wilson PC. High Affinity Antibodies against Influenza Characterize the Plasmablast Response in SLE Patients After Vaccination. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125618. [PMID: 25951191 PMCID: PMC4423960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of B cell tolerance is a cardinal feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Increased numbers of autoreactive mature naïve B cells have been described in SLE patients and autoantibodies have been shown to arise from autoreactive and non-autoreactive precursors. How these defects, in the regulation of B cell tolerance and selection, influence germinal center (GC) reactions that are directed towards foreign antigens has yet to be investigated. Here, we examined the characteristics of post-GC foreign antigen-specific B cells from SLE patients and healthy controls by analyzing monoclonal antibodies generated from plasmablasts induced specifically by influenza vaccination. We report that many of the SLE patients had anti-influenza antibodies with higher binding affinity and neutralization capacity than those from controls. Although overall frequencies of autoreactivity in the influenza-specific plasmablasts were similar for SLE patients and controls, the variable gene repertoire of influenza-specific plasmablasts from SLE patients was altered, with increased usage of JH6 and long heavy chain CDR3 segments. We found that high affinity anti-influenza antibodies generally characterize the plasmablast responses of SLE patients with low levels of autoreactivity; however, certain exceptions were noted. The high-avidity antibody responses in SLE patients may also be correlated with cytokines that are abnormally expressed in lupus. These findings provide insights into the effects of dysregulated immunity on the quality of antibody responses following influenza vaccination and further our understanding of the underlying abnormalities of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaval Kaur
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nai-Ying Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lie Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Noel T. Pauli
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Carole J. Henry Dunand
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jane-Hwei Lee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael Morrissey
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Joachims
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Melissa E. Munroe
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Denise Lau
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xinyan Qu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Judith A. James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Wilson
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kobayashi I, Mori M, Yamaguchi KI, Ito S, Iwata N, Masunaga K, Shimojo N, Ariga T, Okada K, Takei S. Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan recommendation for vaccination in pediatric rheumatic diseases. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 25:335-43. [DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.969916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Luijten RKMAC, Cuppen BVJ, Bijlsma JWJ, Derksen RHWM. Serious infections in systemic lupus erythematosus with a focus on pneumococcal infections. Lupus 2014; 23:1512-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203314543918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Infections are important denominators of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Pneumococcus pneumoniae has been identified as a relatively frequent cause of serious infections in SLE and vaccination against this pathogen is possible. We analysed the incidence of serious infections in a cohort of SLE patients, focussing on Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methods We retrospectively screened the medical records of all SLE patients who were regularly seen in the outpatient clinic of our department between January 2010 and December 2012. We registered all infections that necessitated admission to the hospital (serious infection) and compared relevant clinical and laboratory parameters and immunomodulating/immunosuppressive treatment in patients with and without serious infections. Results In the total cohort of 260 patients, there were 132 episodes of serious infection in 70 patients, with a median follow-up per patient of 11.4 years (range 0 to 50.2 years). S. pneumoniae accounted for 11/132 (8.3%) serious infection episodes and eight of 11 episodes were invasive. With a follow-up of 3970.6 years for the total cohort, this leads to an incidence of 201/100.000 patient-years. In the multivariate analysis neither clinical parameters nor use of immunosuppressive drugs correlated with occurrence of serious infections. Conclusions Compared to the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections in the Dutch population (15.6/100.000 patient years), the incidence in SLE patients is 13 times higher. This, in combination with the absence of a relation to use of immunosuppressive drugs, is a strong argument to recommend vaccination against S. pneumoniae in all SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K M A C Luijten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B V J Cuppen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J W J Bijlsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R H W M Derksen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Le Guern V, Kone-Paut I, Aubrun E, Fain O, Ruel M, Machet L, Viallard JF, Magy-Bertrand N, Daugas E, Rossignol M, Abenhaim L, Costedoat-Chalumeau N. The Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated With Vaccines: An International Case-Control Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1559-67. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronique Le Guern
- Université Paris Descartes and AP-HP, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin; Paris France
| | | | | | - Olivier Fain
- Université Paris Nord, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France, and AP-HP, CHU Jean Verdier; Bondy France
| | | | - Laurent Machet
- INSERM U930, CNRS ERL 3106, Université François Rabelais de Tours, and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours; Tours France
| | | | | | | | - Michel Rossignol
- McGill University and LA-SER Center for Risk Research, Montreal; Quebec Canada
| | - Lucien Abenhaim
- LA-SER Europe Ltd. and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; London UK
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12
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Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Guillemot D, Godeau B, Bénichou J, Lebrun-Frenay C, Papeix C, Labauge P, Berquin P, Penfornis A, Benhamou PY, Nicolino M, Simon A, Viallard JF, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Courcoux MF, Pondarré C, Hilliquin P, Chatelus E, Foltz V, Guillaume S, Rossignol M, Abenhaim L. Autoimmune disorders and quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination of young female subjects. J Intern Med 2014; 275:398-408. [PMID: 24206418 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Gardasil is associated with a change in the risk of autoimmune disorders (ADs) in young female subjects. DESIGN Systematic case-control study of incident ADs associated with quadrivalent HPV vaccination in young women across France. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 113 specialised centres recruited (from December 2007 to April 2011) females aged 14-26 years with incident cases of six types of ADs: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), central demyelination/multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain-Barré syndrome, connective tissue disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis/juvenile arthritis), type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroiditis. Control subjects matched to cases were recruited from general practice. ANALYSIS Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis; factors included age, geographical origin, smoking, alcohol consumption, use of oral contraceptive(s) or vaccine(s) other than Gardasil received within 24 months before the index date and personal/family history of ADs. RESULTS Overall, 211 definite cases of ADs were matched to 875 controls. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for any quadrivalent HPV vaccine use was 0.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-1.5]. The individual ORs were 1.0 (95% CI 0.4-2.6) for ITP, 0.3 (95% CI 0.1-0.9) for MS, 0.8 (95% CI 0.3-2.4) for connective disorders and 1.2 (95% CI 0.4-3.6) for type 1 diabetes. No exposure to HPV vaccine was observed in cases with either Guillain-Barré syndrome or thyroiditis. CONCLUSIONS No evidence of an increase in the risk of the studied ADs was observable following vaccination with Gardasil within the time periods studied. There was insufficient statistical power to allow conclusions to be drawn regarding individual ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grimaldi-Bensouda
- LA-SER, Paris, France; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
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13
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Abstract
Vaccines have eradicated or controlled many infectious diseases, saving each year millions of lives and quality of life of many other millions of people. In spite of the success of vaccines over the last two centuries, parents (and also some health care workers) gloss over the devastating consequences of diseases, which are now avoided thanks to vaccines, and direct their attention to possible negative effects of immunization. Three immunological objections are raised: vaccines cause antigenic overload, natural immunity is safer and better than vaccine-induced immunity, and vaccines induce autoimmunity. The last point is examined in this review. Theoretically, vaccines could trigger autoimmunity by means of cytokine production, anti-idiotypic network, expression of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens, modification of surface antigens and induction of novel antigens, molecular mimicry, bystander activation, epitope spreading, and polyclonal activation of B cells. There is strong evidence that none of these mechanisms is really effective in causing autoimmune diseases. Vaccines are not a source of autoimmune diseases. By contrast, absolute evidence exists that infectious agents can trigger autoimmune mechanisms and that they do cause autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Martino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Childrens University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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HIV-1 gp120 vaccine induces affinity maturation in both new and persistent antibody clonal lineages. J Virol 2012; 86:7496-507. [PMID: 22553329 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00426-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 are highly somatically mutated in antibody clonal lineages that persist over time. Here, we describe the analysis of human antibodies induced during an HIV-1 vaccine trial (GSK PRO HIV-002) that used the clade B envelope (Env) gp120 of clone W6.1D (gp120(W6.1D)). Using dual-color antigen-specific sorting, we isolated Env-specific human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and studied the clonal persistence of antibodies in the setting of HIV-1 Env vaccination. We found evidence of V(H) somatic mutation induced by the vaccine but only to a modest level (3.8% ± 0.5%; range 0 to 8.2%). Analysis of 34 HIV-1-reactive MAbs recovered over four immunizations revealed evidence of both sequential recruitment of naïve B cells and restimulation of previously recruited memory B cells. These recombinant antibodies recapitulated the anti-HIV-1 activity of participant serum including pseudovirus neutralization and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). One antibody (3491) demonstrated a change in specificity following somatic mutation with binding of the inferred unmutated ancestor to a linear C2 peptide while the mutated antibody reacted only with a conformational epitope in gp120 Env. Thus, gp120(W6.1D) was strongly immunogenic but over four immunizations induced levels of affinity maturation below that of broadly neutralizing MAbs. Improved vaccination strategies will be needed to drive persistent stimulation of antibody clonal lineages to induce affinity maturation that results in highly mutated HIV-1 Env-reactive antibodies.
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Robinson M, Sheets Cook S, Currie LM. Systemic lupus erythematosus: A genetic review for advanced practice nurses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 23:629-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2011.00675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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The multi-faceted influences of estrogen on lymphocytes: toward novel immuno-interventions strategies for autoimmunity management. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2011; 40:16-26. [PMID: 19943123 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-009-8188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Early studies of the immune system disclosed that, generally, females exhibit stronger responses to a variety of antigens than males. Perhaps as a result of this response, women are more prone to developing autoimmune diseases than men. Yet, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms remain under investigation. Recently, interferon-gamma and the related pro-inflammatory interleukin-12 were found to be under effects of sex steroid hormones, with potential implications in regulating immune cells and autoimmune responses. In B lymphocytes, functional binding sites for estrogen receptors were identified in the promoter of the gene encoding activation-induced deaminase, an enzyme required for somatic hypermutation, and class-switch recombination. The observation that estrogen exerts direct impacts on antibody affinity-maturation provides a potential mechanism that could account for generating pathogenic high-affinity auto-antibodies. Further deciphering the multi-faceted influences of sex hormones on the responsiveness of immune cells could lead to novel therapeutic interventions for autoimmunity management.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED There is still a significant morbidity and mortality associated with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), despite an increasing armamentarium of immunosuppressive agents. The ideal therapeutic strategy for children and adolescents with SLE should provide the right amount of treatment to allow normal growth, development and fertility while reducing the disease activity and damage that can be accrued over the years. Each patient should have individualized treatments tailored to their organ involvement, disease severity and history of flares together with recent clinical, haematological and immunological parameters to avoid further flares of disease activity and side-effects of treatment, especially severe infections and future malignancies. The most commonly cited side-effects of medications include Cushingoid features of corticosteroids, infective complications of cyclophosphamide and gastrointestinal side-effects of mycophenolate mofetil. There is increasing evidence to support the use of oral mycophenolate mofetil as opposed to cyclophosphamide for both induction and maintenance therapies in many children with SLE with or without lupus nephritis (LN). Recently, case series utilizing B-lymphocyte depletion therapies with rituximab look promising for patients with severe or refractory disease activity. In this article, we explore current evidence to effectively treat children and adolescents with SLE with or without LN. CONCLUSION Modern therapeutic strategies include reduced doses and use of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide respectively, with increased use of azathioprine, MMF and rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Marks
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Herpes Zoster in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Clin Rheumatol 2010; 16:119-22. [DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0b013e3181d52ed7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kamen DL. How can we reduce the risk of serious infection for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus? Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 11:129. [PMID: 19960581 PMCID: PMC2787187 DOI: 10.1186/ar2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is responsible for approximately 25% of all deaths in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), making it a leading cause of mortality among patients. Ruiz-Irastorza and colleagues, in a recent issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy, report the clinical predictors of major infections found in a prospective study of patients with SLE. Similar patterns of infection and pathogens as reported in previous studies were seen; what is striking, however, was the protective effect seen with anti-malarial use. Many infections in patients with SLE could be prevented with timely vaccinations, reducing exposure to contagious contacts, screening for latent infections, minimizing exposure to corticosteroids, targeted prophylaxis for high risk patients, and, unless contraindicated, anti-malarial therapy as standard of care.
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Francis L, Perl A. Infection in systemic lupus erythematosus: friend or foe? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 5:59-74. [PMID: 20209114 DOI: 10.2217/ijr.09.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Infectious agents have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Common viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, transfusion transmitted virus, parvovirus and cytomegalovirus, have an increased prevalence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. They may contribute to disease pathogenesis through triggering autoimmunity via structural or functional molecular mimicry, encoding proteins that induce cross-reactive immune responses to self antigens or modulate antigen processing, activation, or apoptosis of B and T cells, macrophages or dendritic cells. Alternatively, some infectious agents, such as malaria, Toxoplasma gondii and Helicobacter pylori, may have a protective effect. Vaccinations may play dual roles by protecting against friend and foe alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Francis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine State University of New York, College of Medicine 750 East Adams Street Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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