1
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Liu N, Yang X, Gao C, Wang J, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Yin Q, Zhang T, Zhou H, Li K, Du J, Zhou S, Zhao X, Zhu H, Yang Z, Liu Z. Noninvasively Deciphering the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment Using Galectin-1 PET to Inform Immunotherapy Responses. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:728-734. [PMID: 38514084 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has achieved groundbreaking results in clinical cancer therapy; however, only a subset of patients experience durable benefits. The aim of this study was to explore strategies for predicting tumor responses to optimize the intervention approach using ICB therapy. Methods: We used a bilateral mouse model for proteomics analysis to identify new imaging biomarkers for tumor responses to ICB therapy. A PET radiotracer was synthesized by radiolabeling the identified biomarker-targeting antibody with 124I. The radiotracer was then tested for PET prediction of tumor responses to ICB therapy. Results: We identified galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the carbohydrate-binding lectin family, as a potential negative biomarker for ICB efficacy. We established that Gal-1 inhibition promotes a sensitive immune phenotype within the tumor microenvironment (TME) for ICB therapy. To assess the pre-ICB treatment status of the TME, a Gal-1-targeted PET radiotracer, 124I-αGal-1, was developed. PET imaging with 124I-αGal-1 showed the pretreatment immunosuppressive status of the TME before the initiation of therapy, thus enabling the prediction of ICB resistance in advance. Moreover, the use of hydrogel scaffolds loaded with a Gal-1 inhibitor, thiodigalactoside, demonstrated that a single dose of thiodigalactoside-hydrogel significantly potentiated ICB and adoptive cell transfer immunotherapies by remodeling the immunosuppressive TME. Conclusion: Our study underscores the potential of Gal-1-targeted PET imaging as a valuable strategy for early-stage monitoring of tumor responses to ICB therapy. Additionally, Gal-1 inhibition effectively counteracts the immunosuppressive TME, resulting in enhanced immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujie Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianze Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Zeng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yin
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyi Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shixin Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China;
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China; and
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
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2
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Xu H, Shen X, Zhang T, Zhou X, Zeng Y, Li K, Zhang L, Zhu H, Yang X, Li N, Yang Z, Liu Z. Noninvasive interrogation of CD8+ T cell effector function for monitoring tumor early responses to immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:161065. [PMID: 35788116 PMCID: PMC9374377 DOI: 10.1172/jci161065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately identifying patients who respond to immunotherapy remains clinically challenging. A noninvasive method that can longitudinally capture information about immune cell function and assist in the early assessment of tumor responses is highly desirable for precision immunotherapy. Here, we show that PET imaging using a granzyme B–targeted radiotracer named 68Ga-grazytracer, could noninvasively and effectively predict tumor responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell transfer therapy in multiple tumor models. 68Ga-grazytracer was designed and selected from several radiotracers based on non-aldehyde peptidomimetics, and exhibited excellent in vivo metabolic stability and favorable targeting efficiency to granzyme B secreted by effector CD8+ T cells during immune responses. 68Ga-grazytracer permitted more sensitive discrimination of responders and nonresponders than did 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, distinguishing between tumor pseudoprogression and true progression upon immune checkpoint blockade therapy in mouse models with varying immunogenicity. In a preliminary clinical trial with 5 patients, no adverse events were observed after 68Ga-grazytracer injection, and clinical responses in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy were favorably correlated with 68Ga-grazytracer PET results. These results highlight the potential of 68Ga-grazytracer PET to enhance the clinical effectiveness of granzyme B secretion–related immunotherapies by supporting early response assessment and precise patient stratification in a noninvasive and longitudinal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchuang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Zeng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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3
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Kokoska RE, Beltz EE, Smith JL, Razzouk BI. Pineal gland hypermetabolic involvement without central nervous system symptoms in a pediatric patient with primary nodular sclerosis subtype classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 39:62-67. [PMID: 33988076 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2021.1926608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This case report presents the first reported pediatric case of primary classical nodular sclerosing Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) with pineal gland involvement, presenting without CNS symptoms, which completely resolved after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. The 12 year-old male first presented with a right inguinal mass and external iliac lymphadenopathy accompanied by B symptoms. He was diagnosed with stage IV B classical HL, and as part of the staging work-up, a full-body PET/CT scan was performed. In addition to the right inguinal mass, the PET/CT demonstrated increased FDG uptake at the pineal gland along with level II lymph nodes. The patient was treated with ABVE-PC chemotherapy (Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vincristine, Etoposide, Prednisone, and Cyclophosphamide) as per standard arm of AHOD1331 COG protocol for newly diagnosed high-risk HL patients, which resolved the pineal mass after 2 cycles without requiring radiation therapy. Following 5 cycles, a full-body PET/CT showed no brain or neck activity, along with decreased size and activity of the right groin mass. To our knowledge, there are no other documented cases of primary HL with specific pineal involvement, and no cases that lack CNS symptoms altogether like this one did. Additionally, this is the third published pediatric case of primary CNS-HL, both of the previous cases were treated with radiotherapy and presented with CNS symptoms. Thus, this case demonstrates the importance of ordering a full-body PET/CT as part of the initial HL work-up and provides evidence that chemotherapy alone is a treatment option for some patients with primary intracranial HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Kokoska
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Eric E Beltz
- Neuroradiology at Northwest Radiology LLC, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jodi L Smith
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Peyton Manning Children's Hospital at Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bassem I Razzouk
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Peyton Manning Children's Hospital at Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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4
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Peng Y, Yang H, Li S. The role of glycometabolic plasticity in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 226:153595. [PMID: 34481210 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated glycometabolism represented by the Warburg effect is well recognized as a hallmark of cancer that can be driven by oncogenes (e.g., c-Myc, K-ras, and BRAF) and contribute to cellular malignant transformation. The Warburg effect reveals the different glycometabolic patterns of cancer cells, but this unique glycometabolic pattern has the characteristic of plasticity rather than changeless which can vary with different internal or external stimuli during evolution. Glycometabolic plasticity enables cancer cells to modulate glycometabolism to support progression, metastasis, treatment resistance and recurrence. In this review, we report the characteristics of glycometabolic plasticity during different stages of cancer evolution, providing insight into the molecular mechanisms of glycometabolic plasticity in cancer. In addition, we discussed the challenges and future research directions of glycometabolism research in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Peng
- Multidisciplinary Center for Pituitary Adenomas of Chongqing, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Multidisciplinary Center for Pituitary Adenomas of Chongqing, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Song Li
- Multidisciplinary Center for Pituitary Adenomas of Chongqing, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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5
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Zhao Y, Zhang T, Wang Y, Lu D, Du J, Feng X, Zhou H, Liu N, Zhu H, Qin S, Liu C, Gao X, Yang Z, Liu Z. ICAM-1 orchestrates the abscopal effect of tumor radiotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2010333118. [PMID: 33785590 PMCID: PMC8040592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010333118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates that radiotherapy (RT) has a systemic inhibitory effect on nonirradiated lesions (abscopal effect) in addition to the ablation of irradiated tumors. However, this effect occurs only in rare circumstances in clinical practice, and mechanisms underlying the abscopal effect of RT are neither fully understood nor therapeutically utilized. Here we identified that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an inducible glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is up-regulated in nonirradiated tumors responsive to RT. ICAM-1 expression in preclinical animal models can be noninvasively detected by optical imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) using near-infrared fluorescence dye- and 64Cu-labeled imaging probes that we synthesized, respectively. Importantly, the expression levels of ICAM-1 determined by quantitative PET imaging showed a strong negative linear correlation with the growth of nonirradiated tumors. Moreover, genetic or pharmacologic up-regulation of ICAM-1 expression by either an intratumoral injection of engineered recombinant adenovirus or systemic administration of a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist-capsulated nanodrug could induce markedly increased abscopal responses to local RT in animal models. Mechanistic investigation revealed that ICAM-1 expression can enhance both the activation and tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells to improve the responses of the nonirradiated tumors to RT. Together, our findings suggest that noninvasive PET imaging of ICAM-1 expression could be a powerful means to predict the responses of nonirradiated tumors to RT, which could facilitate the exploration of new combination RT strategies for effective ablation of primary and disseminated lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dehua Lu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinhong Du
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xun Feng
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haoyi Zhou
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Shangbin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Chenxin Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xianshu Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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6
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Gillman JA, Pantel AR, Mankoff DA, Edmonds CE. Update on Quantitative Imaging for Predicting and Assessing Response in Oncology. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:505-517. [PMID: 33059820 PMCID: PMC9788668 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has revolutionized clinical oncology by imaging-specific facets of cancer biology. Through noninvasive measurements of tumor physiology, targeted radiotracers can serve as biomarkers for disease characterization, prognosis, response assessment, and predicting long-term response/survival. In turn, these imaging biomarkers can be utilized to tailor therapeutic regimens to tumor biology. In this article, we review biomarker applications for response assessment and predicting long-term outcomes. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a measure of cellular glucose metabolism, is discussed in the context of lymphoma and breast and lung cancer. FDG has gained widespread clinical acceptance and has been integrated into the routine clinical care of several malignancies, most notably lymphoma. The novel radiotracers 16α-18F-fluoro-17β-estradiol and 18F-fluorothymidine are reviewed in application to the early prediction of response assessment of breast cancer. Through illustrative examples, we explore current and future applications of molecular imaging biomarkers in the advancement of precision medicine.
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7
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Feng X, Wang Y, Lu D, Xu X, Zhou X, Zhang H, Zhang T, Zhu H, Yang Z, Wang F, Li N, Liu Z. Clinical Translation of a 68Ga-Labeled Integrin α vβ 6-Targeting Cyclic Radiotracer for PET Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1461-1467. [PMID: 32086242 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.237347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of integrin αvβ6 in pancreatic cancer makes it a promising target for noninvasive PET imaging. However, currently, most integrin αvβ6-targeting radiotracers are based on linear peptides, which are quickly degraded in the serum by proteinases. Herein, we aimed to develop and assess a 68Ga-labeled integrin αvβ6-targeting cyclic peptide (68Ga-cycratide) for PET imaging of pancreatic cancer. Methods: 68Ga-cycratide was prepared, and its PET imaging profile was compared with that of the linear peptide (68Ga-linear-pep) in an integrin αvβ6-positive BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer mouse model. Five healthy volunteers (2 women and 3 men) underwent whole-body PET/CT imaging after injection of 68Ga-cycratide, and biodistribution and dosimetry were calculated. PET/CT imaging of 2 patients was performed to investigate the potential role of 68Ga-cycratide in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Results: 68Ga-cycratide exhibited significantly higher tumor uptake than did 68Ga-linear-pep in BxPC-3 tumor-bearing mice, owing-at least in part-to markedly improved in vivo stability. 68Ga-cycratide could sensitively detect the pancreatic cancer lesions in an orthotopic mouse model and was well tolerated in all healthy volunteers. Preliminary PET/CT imaging in patients with pancreatic cancer demonstrated that 68Ga-cycratide was comparable to 18F-FDG for diagnostic imaging and postsurgery tumor relapse monitoring. Conclusion: 68Ga-cycratide is an integrin αvβ6-specific PET radiotracer with favorable pharmacokinetics and a favorable dosimetry profile. 68Ga-cycratide is expected to provide an effective noninvasive PET strategy for pancreatic cancer lesion detection and therapy response monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Feng
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yanpu Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and
| | - Dehua Lu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and
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8
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Laudicella R, Baratto L, Minutoli F, Baldari S, Iagaru A. Malignant Cutaneous Melanoma: Updates in PET Imaging. Curr Radiopharm 2020; 13:14-23. [PMID: 31749439 DOI: 10.2174/1874471012666191015095550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a neoplasm whose incidence and mortality are dramatically increasing. 18F-FDG PET/CT gained clinical acceptance over the past 2 decades in the evaluation of several glucose-avid neoplasms, including malignant melanoma, particularly for the assessment for distant metastases, recurrence and response to therapy. OBJECTIVE To describe the advancements of nuclear medicine for imaging melanoma with particular attention to 18F-FDG-PET and its current state-of-the-art technical innovations. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was used based on SCOPUS and PubMed databases. From all studies published in English, we selected the articles that evaluated the technological insights of 18FFDG- PET in the assessment of melanoma. RESULTS State-of-the-art silicon photomultipliers based detectors ("digital") PET/CT scanners are nowadays more common, showing technical innovations that may have beneficial implications for patients with melanoma. Steady improvements in detectors design and architecture, as well as the implementation of both software and hardware technology (i.e., TOF, point spread function, etc.), resulted in significant improvements in PET image quality while reducing radiotracer dose and scanning time. CONCLUSION Recently introduced digital PET detector technology in PET/CT and PET/MRI yields higher intrinsic system sensitivity compared with the latest generation analog technology, enabling the detection of very small lesions with potential impact on disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Laudicella
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina ME, Italy
| | - Lucia Baratto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, United States
| | - Fabio Minutoli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina ME, Italy
| | - Sergio Baldari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina ME, Italy
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, United States
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9
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18F-FDG PET/MR Refines Evaluation in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Urethral Adenocarcinoma. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 53:296-299. [DOI: 10.1007/s13139-019-00597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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10
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Kratochwil C, Flechsig P, Lindner T, Abderrahim L, Altmann A, Mier W, Adeberg S, Rathke H, Röhrich M, Winter H, Plinkert PK, Marme F, Lang M, Kauczor HU, Jäger D, Debus J, Haberkorn U, Giesel FL. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT: Tracer Uptake in 28 Different Kinds of Cancer. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:801-805. [PMID: 30954939 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.227967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 794] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of quinoline-based PET tracers that act as fibroblast-activation-protein inhibitors (FAPIs) demonstrated promising preclinical and clinical results. FAP is overexpressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts of several tumor entities. Here, we quantify the tumor uptake on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT of various primary and metastatic tumors to identify the most promising indications for future application. Methods: 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT scans were requested by various referring physicians according to individual clinical indications that were considered insufficiently covered by 18F-FDG PET/CT or other imaging modalities. All PET/CT was performed 1 h after injection of 122-312 MBq of 68Ga-FAPI-04. We retrospectively identified 80 patients with histopathologically proven primary tumors or metastases or radiologically unequivocal metastatic lesions of histologically proven primary tumors. Tumor uptake was quantified by SUVmax and SUVmean (60% isocontour). Results: Eighty patients with 28 different tumor entities (54 primary tumors and 229 metastases) were evaluated. The highest average SUVmax (>12) was found in sarcoma, esophageal, breast, cholangiocarcinoma, and lung cancer. The lowest 68Ga-FAPI uptake (average SUVmax < 6) was observed in pheochromocytoma, renal cell, differentiated thyroid, adenoid cystic, and gastric cancer. The average SUVmax of hepatocellular, colorectal, head-neck, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer was intermediate (SUV 6-12). SUV varied across and within all tumor entities. Because of low background in muscle and blood pool (SUVmax < 2), the tumor-to-background contrast ratios were more than 3-fold in the intermediate and more than 6-fold in the high-intensity uptake group. Conclusion: Several highly prevalent cancers presented with remarkably high uptake and image contrast on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT. The high and rather selective tumor uptake may open up new applications for noninvasive tumor characterization, staging examinations, or radioligand therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Flechsig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Labidi Abderrahim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Altmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Rathke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Röhrich
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter K Plinkert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Marme
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Lang
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology and Internal Medicine VI, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik L Giesel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Hausner SH, Bold RJ, Cheuy LY, Chew HK, Daly ME, Davis RA, Foster CC, Kim EJ, Sutcliffe JL. Preclinical Development and First-in-Human Imaging of the Integrin α vβ 6 with [ 18F]α vβ 6-Binding Peptide in Metastatic Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:1206-1215. [PMID: 30401687 PMCID: PMC6377828 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was undertaken to develop and evaluate the potential of an integrin αvβ6-binding peptide (αvβ6-BP) for noninvasive imaging of a diverse range of malignancies with PET. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The peptide αvβ6-BP was prepared on solid phase and radiolabeled with 4-[18F]fluorobenzoic acid. In vitro testing included ELISA, serum stability, and cell binding studies using paired αvβ6-expressing and αvβ6-null cell lines. In vivo evaluation (PET/CT, biodistribution, and autoradiography) was performed in a mouse model bearing the same paired αvβ6-expressing and αvβ6-null cell xenografts. A first-in-human PET/CT imaging study was performed in patients with metastatic lung, colon, breast, or pancreatic cancer. RESULTS [18F]αvβ6-BP displayed excellent affinity and selectivity for the integrin αvβ6 in vitro [IC50(αvβ6) = 1.2 nmol/L vs IC50(αvβ3) >10 μmol/L] in addition to rapid target-specific cell binding and internalization (72.5% ± 0.9% binding and 52.5% ± 1.8%, respectively). Favorable tumor affinity and selectivity were retained in the mouse model and excretion of unbound [18F]αvβ6-BP was rapid, primarily via the kidneys. In patients, [18F]αvβ6-BP was well tolerated without noticeable adverse side effects. PET images showed significant uptake of [18F]αvβ6-BP in both the primary lesion and metastases, including metastasis to brain, bone, liver, and lung. CONCLUSIONS The clinical impact of [18F]αvβ6-BP PET imaging demonstrated in this first-in-human study is immediate for a broad spectrum of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Hausner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis and Sacramento, California
| | - Richard J Bold
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Davis and Sacramento, California
| | - Lina Y Cheuy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis and Sacramento, California
| | - Helen K Chew
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis and Sacramento, California
| | - Megan E Daly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Davis and Sacramento, California
| | - Ryan A Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis and Sacramento, California
| | - Cameron C Foster
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, Davis and Sacramento, California
| | - Edward J Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis and Sacramento, California
| | - Julie L Sutcliffe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis and Sacramento, California.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis and Sacramento, California
- Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis, Davis and Sacramento, California
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12
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Rosenberg AJ, Nickels ML, Schulte ML, Manning HC. Automated radiosynthesis of 5-[ 11C]l-glutamine, an important tracer for glutamine utilization. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 67:10-14. [PMID: 30359787 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The natural amino acid l-Glutamine (Gln) is essential for both cell growth and proliferation. In addition to glucose, cancer cells utilize Gln as a carbon source for ATP production, biosynthesis, and as a defense against reactive oxygen species. The utilization of [11C]Gln has been previously reported as a biomarker for tissues with an elevated demand for Gln, however, the previous reports for the preparation of [11C]Gln were found to be lacking several crucial aspects necessary for transition to human production. Namely, the presence of unreacted precursor and the use of non-commercialized, custom built, reaction platforms. Herein, we report the development and utilization of methodology for the automated production of [11C]Gln that meets institutional criteria for human use. METHODS The preparation of [11C]Gln was carried out on the GE FX2N platform. Briefly, after trapping of [11C]HCN with a solution of CsHCO3 in DMF, the [11C]CsCN was reacted with a commercially available precursor. This intermediate was then purified by HPLC and deprotected/hydrolyzed under acidic conditions. Following pH adjustment, the product was filtered to give the desired [11C]Gln as a sterile injectable. The resulting product was then analyzed for quality assurance. RESULTS Automated production by this method reliably provides over 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) of [11C]Gln. The resulting final drug product was found to have a >99% radiochemical purity, <5% of D-Gln present, no detectable impurities, and the total preparation time was roughly 45 min from the end-of-bombardment. CONCLUSIONS A fast, reliable and efficient automated radiosynthesis was developed using a commercially available module. Purifications used throughout allow for both a radiochemically and chemically pure final product solution of [11C]Gln.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rosenberg
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael L Nickels
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael L Schulte
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - H Charles Manning
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to study whether cancer cells possess distinguishing metabolic features compared with surrounding normal cells, such as increased glutamine uptake. Given this, quantitative measures of glutamine uptake may reflect critical processes in oncology. Approximately, 10 % of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) express BRAF V600E , which may be actionable with selective BRAF inhibitors or in combination with inhibitors of complementary signaling axes. Non-invasive and quantitative predictive measures of response to these targeted therapies remain poorly developed in this setting. The primary objective of this study was to explore 4-[18F]fluoroglutamine (4-[18F]F-GLN) positron emission tomography (PET) to predict response to BRAFV600E-targeted therapy in preclinical models of colon cancer. PROCEDURES Tumor microarrays from patients with primary human colon cancers (n = 115) and CRC liver metastases (n = 111) were used to evaluate the prevalence of ASCT2, the primary glutamine transporter in oncology, by immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, 4-[18F]F-GLN PET was evaluated in mouse models of human BRAF V600E -expressing and BRAF wild-type CRC. RESULTS Approximately 70 % of primary colon cancers and 53 % of metastases exhibited positive ASCT2 immunoreactivity, suggesting that [18F]4-F-GLN PET could be applicable to a majority of patients with colon cancer. ASCT2 expression was not associated selectively with the expression of mutant BRAF. Decreased 4-[18F]F-GLN predicted pharmacological response to single-agent BRAF and combination BRAF and PI3K/mTOR inhibition in BRAF V600E -mutant Colo-205 tumors. In contrast, a similar decrease was not observed in BRAF wild-type HCT-116 tumors, a setting where BRAFV600E-targeted therapies are ineffective. CONCLUSIONS 4-[18F]F-GLN PET selectively reflected pharmacodynamic response to BRAF inhibition when compared with 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose PET, which was decreased non-specifically for all treated cohorts, regardless of downstream pathway inhibition. These findings illustrate the utility of non-invasive PET imaging measures of glutamine uptake to selectively predict response to BRAF-targeted therapy in colon cancer and may suggest further opportunities to inform colon cancer clinical trials using targeted therapies against MAPK activation.
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Zhang Y, Qin L, Zhang C. Investigation of Association Between Borderline Pancreatic Head Cancer and Glucose Uptake by Using Positron-Emission Tomographic Studies. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4947-4953. [PMID: 29036034 PMCID: PMC5655162 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the background of the well-known importance of positron-emission tomographic studies (PET) in the prediction of pancreatic oncologic problems, we designed and performed this investigation to study the link between borderline pancreatic head cancer and glucose uptake by using PET. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively investigated patients during the period of almost 4 years (May 2013 to December 2016). Patients underwent potentially curative resection for borderline exocrine pancreatic head adenocarcinoma without undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. We divided our PET protocol into 2 sets of methods as per renal calyces: 1) U-RC type in which renal calyx (RC) has relatively higher value than that of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake and 2) S-RC type in which renal calyx has similar value than that of 18F-FDG uptake. RESULTS A total of 67 patients were enrolled after reclassification on the basis of majority-agreement. Among these patients, U-RC type was found in 22 patients (32.8%) while S-RC type was found in 45 patients (67.2%). Significant statistical differences were observed for each of the 2 types of pancreatic head cancer (U-RC type and S-RC type) in terms of adjusted cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), size of the tumor, tumor volume (TV2.8), maximum standard uptake value (SUV↑), and lesion glycolysis (LG). A significantly longer disease-free survival time was shown by U-RC type (n=18) pancreatic cancer in comparison to S-RC type (n=42) (25.3 vs. 11.2 months). Additionally, U-RC type (n=4) had higher disease-free survival than did aS-RC type (n=3) (29.4 vs. 12.5 months). CONCLUSIONS Our PET protocol appears to be an indicator for estimation of recurrence of pancreatic head cancer and is as an indispensable asset to oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Changming Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Development of a radiolabeled caninized anti-EGFR antibody for comparative oncology trials. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83128-83141. [PMID: 29137329 PMCID: PMC5669955 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to large homology of human and canine EGFR, dogs suffering from spontaneous EGFR+ cancer can be considered as ideal translational models. Thereby, novel immunotherapeutic compounds can be developed for both human and veterinary patients. This study describes the radiolabeling of a canine anti-EGFR IgG antibody (can225IgG) with potential diagnostic and therapeutic value in comparative clinical settings. Can225IgG was functionalized with DTPA for subsequent chelation with the radionuclide 99mTc. Successful coupling of 10 DTPA molecules per antibody on average was proven by significant mass increase in MALDI-TOF spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis and immunoblots. Following functionalization and radiolabeling, 99mTc-DTPA-can225IgG fully retained its binding capacity towards human and canine EGFR in flow cytometry, immuno- and radioblots, and autoradiography. The affinity of radiolabeled can225IgG was determined to KD 0.8 ±0.0031 nM in a real-time kinetics assay on canine carcinoma cells by a competition binding technique. Stability tests of the radiolabeled compound identified TRIS buffered saline as the ideal formulation for short-term storage with 87.11 ±6.04% intact compound being still detected 60 minutes post radiolabeling. High stability, specificity and EGFR binding affinity pinpoint towards 99mTc-radiolabeled can225IgG antibody as an ideal lead compound for the first proof-of-concept diagnostic and therapeutic applications in canine cancer patients.
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Slavine NV, Seiler SJ, McColl RW, Lenkinski RE. Image improvement method for positron emission mammography. Phys Med 2017; 39:164-173. [PMID: 28688583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate in clinical use a rapidly converging, efficient iterative deconvolution algorithm (RSEMD) for improving the quantitative accuracy of previously reconstructed breast images by a commercial positron emission mammography (PEM) scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS The RSEMD method was tested on imaging data from clinical Naviscan Flex Solo II PEM scanner. This method was applied to anthropomorphic like breast phantom data and patient breast images previously reconstructed with Naviscan software to determine improvements in image resolution, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR). RESULTS In all of the patients' breast studies the improved images proved to have higher resolution, contrast and lower noise as compared with images reconstructed by conventional methods. In general, the values of CNR reached a plateau at an average of 6 iterations with an average improvement factor of about 2 for post-reconstructed Flex Solo II PEM images. Improvements in image resolution after the application of RSEMD have also been demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS A rapidly converging, iterative deconvolution algorithm with a resolution subsets-based approach (RSEMD) that operates on patient DICOM images has been used for quantitative improvement in breast imaging. The RSEMD method can be applied to PEM images to enhance the resolution and contrast in cancer diagnosis to monitor the tumor progression at the earliest stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Slavine
- Translational Research, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9061, USA.
| | - Stephen J Seiler
- Breast Imaging, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9061, USA
| | - Roderick W McColl
- Clinical Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9061, USA
| | - Robert E Lenkinski
- Translational Research, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9061, USA
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Guiu-Souto J, Sánchez-García M, Vázquez-Vázquez R, Otero C, Luna V, Mosquera J, Busto RL, Aguiar P, Ruibal Á, Pardo-Montero J, Pombar-Cameán M. Evaluation and optimization of occupational eye lens dosimetry during positron emission tomography (PET) procedures. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2016; 36:299-308. [PMID: 27182832 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/2/299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The last recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection for eye lens dose suggest an important reduction on the radiation limits associated with early and late tissue reactions. The aim of this work is to quantify and optimize the eye lens dose associated to nurse staff during positron emission tomography (PET) procedures. PET is one of the most important diagnostic methods of oncological and neurological cancer disease involving an important number of workers exposed to the high energy isotope F-18. We characterize the relevant stages as preparation and administration of monodose syringes in terms of occupational dose. A direct reading silicon dosimeter was used to measure the lens dose to staff. The highest dose of radiation was observed during preparation of the fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG) syringes. By optimizing a suitable vials' distribution of FDG we find an important reduction in occupational doses. Extrapolation of our data to other clinical scenarios indicates that, depending on the work load and/or syringes activity, safety limits of the dose might be exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Guiu-Souto
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiological Protection, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Del Sole A, Lecchi M, Lucignani G. Variability of [18F]FDG administered activities among patients undergoing PET examinations: an international multicenter survey. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 168:337-342. [PMID: 25994847 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Given the large number of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET examinations performed annually throughout the world, reduction of the administered activity without compromise of the clinical information being sought is encouraged. Guidelines issued by the SNMMI and European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) differ greatly on the choice of the activity that should be administered to patients: the EANM suggests a personalised activity based on the patient's body weight, whereas the SNMMI recommends the administration of fixed activities. The authors analysed a database of 24 716 [(18)F]FDG administrations performed worldwide in 15 PET centres to assess the degree of heterogeneity, in relation to available technology, operational protocols and reference guidelines. Median activities based on the patients' body weight were 43 % lower than fixed-activity administrations (p < 0.001). When TOF scanners are available, the median activity is lowered, but when comparing centres with the same technology or those that use the same operational protocols, weight-based activities are still significantly lower than fixed activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Del Sole
- Department of Health Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging (IMAGO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Lecchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Department of Health Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging (IMAGO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Cho MH, Park CK, Park M, Kim WK, Cho A, Kim H. Clinicopathologic Features and Molecular Characteristics of Glucose Metabolism Contributing to ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141413. [PMID: 26509967 PMCID: PMC4625049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) is useful in the preoperative diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs); however, the molecular characteristics of glucose metabolism of GIST are unknown. We evaluated 18F-FDG uptake on preoperative PET/CT of 40 patients and analyzed the expression of glycolytic enzymes in resected GIST tissues by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) cut-off value of 4.99 had a sensitivity of 89.5%, specificity was 76.2%, and accuracy of 82.5% for identifying tumors with a high risk of malignancy. We found that 18F-FDG uptake correlated positively with tumor size, risk grade, and expression levels of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 1 (HK1), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Elevated HK and LDH activity was found in high-risk tumors. Among the isoforms of GLUT and HK, GLUT1 and HK1 expression increased with higher tumor risk grade. In addition, overexpression of glycolytic enzymes M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) and LDHA was observed in GISTs, especially in high-risk tumors. These results suggest that upregulation of GLUT1, HK1, PKM2, and LDHA may play an important role in GIST tumorigenesis and may be useful in the preoperative prediction of malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Keun Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minhee Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kyu Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arthur Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoguen Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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(18)F-FDG PET/CT and Melanoma: Staging, Immune Modulation and Mutation-Targeted Therapy Assessment, and Prognosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015. [PMID: 26204273 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.14.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monoclonal antibodies that target the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint protein and its associated ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, and targeted inhibitors of mutated signal transduction molecules such as BRAF inhibitors show immense promise in treating patients with melanoma. We discuss the use of (18)F-FDG PET/CT for assessing therapy effectiveness, staging advanced disease, and determining prognosis of patients with melanoma. CONCLUSION FDG PET/CT is useful in staging disease, assessing therapy, and determining prognosis in patients with melanoma.
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Mafeld S, Vasdev N, Patel A, Ali T, Lane T, Boustead G, Thorpe AC, Adshead JM, Haslam P. Evolving role of positron emission tomography (PET) in urological malignancy. BJU Int 2015; 116:538-45. [PMID: 25410715 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a review on the increasing indications for the use of positron emission tomography (PET) in uro-oncology. In this review we describe the details of the different types of PET scans, indications for requesting PET scans in specific urological malignancy and the interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mafeld
- Department of Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nikhil Vasdev
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Hertfordshire and South Bedfordshire Robotic Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
| | - Amit Patel
- Hertfordshire and South Bedfordshire Robotic Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
| | - Tamir Ali
- Department of Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Timothy Lane
- Hertfordshire and South Bedfordshire Robotic Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
| | - Gregory Boustead
- Hertfordshire and South Bedfordshire Robotic Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
| | - Andrew C Thorpe
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James M Adshead
- Hertfordshire and South Bedfordshire Robotic Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
| | - Philip Haslam
- Department of Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Additional information gained by positron emission tomography with (68)Ga-DOTATOC for suspected unknown primary or recurrent neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Nucl Med 2015; 29:512-8. [PMID: 25894056 PMCID: PMC4661205 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-0973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) using 68Ga-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid-d-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC) has been used to detect neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of DOTATOC-PET/CT for detecting clinically suspected NETs when conventional imaging modalities were negative or inconclusive, in terms of additional value. Methods A total of 46 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 14 patients underwent a DOTATOC-PET/CT scan for detecting unknown primary tumors after histopathological confirmation of a NET at metastatic sites (group A): 7 patients for detecting metastasis or recurrence after surgery for NET because of their high hormone levels but with no recurrence detected by other imaging modalities (group B); the remaining 25 patients for detecting suspected NETs because their hormone levels were high with no history of histopathologically proven NET (group C). Additional information was assessed, according to each situation. Results In group A, unknown primary tumors were suspected by DOTATOC-PET/CT in 8 of 14 patients (gastrointestinal/pancreatic NET in 7 patients, prostatic cancer in 1 patient), but prostatic cancer was not confirmed by histopathology (i.e., false positive). In group B, DOTATOC-PET/CT depicted lesions in six of seven patients, including nodal metastasis (n = 5) and liver metastasis (n = 1). In group C, DOTATOC-PET/CT did not demonstrate any abnormal foci except in one case of pancreatic NET. Additional information was obtained in 50, 86, and 4 % of cases, in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Conclusions DOTATOC-PET/CT was useful for detecting NETs, especially when recurrence or metastases were suspected because of high hormone levels after surgery for a NET. It is unlikely, however, that additional information can be acquired in patients with no history of NET simply based on high hormone levels.
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Treglia G, Sadeghi R, Del Sole A, Giovanella L. Diagnostic performance of PET/CT with tracers other than F-18-FDG in oncology: an evidence-based review. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 16:770-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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