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Boccatonda A, Del Cane L, Marola L, D’Ardes D, Lessiani G, di Gregorio N, Ferri C, Cipollone F, Serra C, Santilli F, Piscaglia F. Platelet, Antiplatelet Therapy and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:473. [PMID: 38672744 PMCID: PMC11051088 DOI: 10.3390/life14040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is not only related to traditional cardiovascular risk factors like type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, but it is also an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. MASLD has been shown to be independently related to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. MASLD is characterized by a chronic proinflammatory response that, in turn, may induce a prothrombotic state. Several mechanisms such as endothelial and platelet dysfunction, changes in the coagulative factors, lower fibrinolytic activity can contribute to induce the prothrombotic state. Platelets are players and addresses of metabolic dysregulation; obesity and insulin resistance are related to platelet hyperactivation. Furthermore, platelets can exert a direct effect on liver cells, particularly through the release of mediators from granules. Growing data in literature support the use of antiplatelet agent as a treatment for MASLD. The use of antiplatelets drugs seems to exert beneficial effects on hepatocellular carcinoma prevention in patients with MASLD, since platelets contribute to fibrosis progression and cancer development. This review aims to summarize the main data on the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of MASLD and its main complications such as cardiovascular events and the development of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, we will examine the role of antiplatelet therapy not only in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events but also as a possible anti-fibrotic and anti-tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Boccatonda
- Internal Medicine, Bentivoglio Hospital, AUSL Bologna, 40010 Bentivoglio, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Lorenza Del Cane
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of L’Aquila, ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.D.C.); (L.M.); (N.d.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Lara Marola
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of L’Aquila, ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.D.C.); (L.M.); (N.d.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Damiano D’Ardes
- Institute of “Clinica Medica”, Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy (F.C.)
| | | | - Nicoletta di Gregorio
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of L’Aquila, ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.D.C.); (L.M.); (N.d.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of L’Aquila, ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.D.C.); (L.M.); (N.d.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- Institute of “Clinica Medica”, Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy (F.C.)
| | - Carla Serra
- Interventional, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasound Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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2
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Verissimo DCA, Camillo-Andrade AC, Santos MDM, Sprengel SL, Zanine SC, Borba LAB, Carvalho PC, da G. Fischer JDS. Proteomics reveals differentially regulated pathways when comparing grade 2 and 4 astrocytomas. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290087. [PMID: 37967105 PMCID: PMC10651032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic tumors are known for their high progression capacity and high mortality rates; in this regard, proteins correlated to prognosis can aid medical conduct. Although several genetic changes related to progression from grade 2 to grade 4 astrocytoma are already known, mRNA copies do not necessarily correlate with protein abundance and therefore could shadow further comprehension about this tumor's biology. This motivates us to seek for complementary strategies to study tumor progression at the protein level. Here we compare the proteomic profile of biopsies from patients with grade 2 (diffuse, n = 6) versus grade 4 astrocytomas (glioblastomas, n = 10) using shotgun proteomics. Data analysis performed with PatternLab for proteomics identified 5,206 and 6,004 proteins in the 2- and 4-grade groups, respectively. Our results revealed seventy-four differentially abundant proteins (p < 0.01); we then shortlist those related to greater malignancy. We also describe molecular pathways distinctly activated in the two groups, such as differences in the organization of the extracellular matrix, decisive both in tumor invasiveness and in signaling for cell division, which, together with marked contrasts in energy metabolism, are determining factors in the speed of growth and dissemination of these neoplasms. The degradation pathways of GABA, enriched in the grade 2 group, is consistent with a favorable prognosis. Other functions such as platelet degranulation, apoptosis, and activation of the MAPK pathway were correlated to grade 4 tumors and, consequently, unfavorable prognoses. Our results provide an important survey of molecular pathways involved in glioma pathogenesis for these histopathological groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denildo C. A. Verissimo
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics—Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amanda C. Camillo-Andrade
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics—Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marlon D. M. Santos
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics—Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sergio L. Sprengel
- Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Simone C. Zanine
- Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luis A. B. Borba
- Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. Carvalho
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics—Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana de S. da G. Fischer
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics—Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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3
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Li H, Liu J, Yan S, Rao C, Wang L. Increased Platelet Distribution Width Predicts 3-Year Recurrence in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Surgical Resection. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:501-509. [PMID: 37337478 PMCID: PMC10277002 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s408548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet distribution width (PDW) is a marker of platelet anisocytosis that increases with platelet activation. The clinical implications of PDW in HCC are not well-defined. This study aimed to determine whether PDW could predict recurrence in patients with HCC after resection. Methods Between January and December 2008, 471 patients with HCC were recruited retrospectively. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients with HCC were analyzed based on the relationship between the two PDW groups. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between PDW and disease-free survival (DFS). A novel nomogram was developed based on the identified independent risk factors. Its accuracy was evaluated using a calibration curve and concordance index. The predictive value was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results PDW was significantly associated with direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, urea, and prothrombin time. Patients with PDW ≥ 17.1 were a significantly shorter DFS than those with PDW < 17.1 (17.98% vs 49.83%, p< 0.001). Multivariate analysis determined that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen, microvascular invasion (MVI), tumor size, and tumor number were the independent variables associated with DFS. Patients with PDW ≥ 17.1 had a hazard ratio of 1.381 (95% confidence interval: 1.069-1.783, p = 0.014) for DFS. AFP, PDW, MVI, tumor size, and tumor number were identified as preoperative independent risk factors for DFS and used to establish the nomogram. Calibration curve analysis revealed that the standard curve fitted well with the predicted curve. ROC curve analysis demonstrated the high efficiency of the nomogram. Conclusion Increased PDW may predict recurrence-free survival in patients with HCC. Our nomogram model also performed well in predicting patient prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoying Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Rao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
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Qi H. Role and research progress of hematological markers in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:50. [PMID: 37081512 PMCID: PMC10120220 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, accounting for about 20%. Due to its high disability rate, the diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal cancer have always been the focus and difficulty of head and neck surgery. The outcome of cancer is affected not only by tumor-related factors but also by host-related factors, especially systemic inflammation, this is usually reflected by a variety of hematological markers. Studies have confirmed that there is a significant correlation between hematological markers and the occurrence, development, and prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and has a certain value in auxiliary diagnosis and prognosis prediction of LSCC. We reviewed various hematological markers related to LSCC aim to summarize the role and research progress of hematological markers in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi
- Nursing College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Wang L, Wang X, Guo E, Mao X, Miao S. Emerging roles of platelets in cancer biology and their potential as therapeutic targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939089. [PMID: 35936717 PMCID: PMC9355257 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of platelets is to control bleeding and repair vascular damage via thrombosis. They have also been implicated to promote tumor metastasis through platelet-tumor cell interactions. Platelet-tumor cell interactions promote tumor cell survival and dissemination in blood circulation. Tumor cells are known to induce platelet activation and alter platelet RNA profiles. Liquid biopsies based on tumor-educated platelet biomarkers can detect tumors and correlate with prognosis, personalized therapy, treatment monitoring, and recurrence prediction. Platelet-based strategies for cancer prevention and tumor-targeted therapy include developing drugs that target platelet receptors, interfere with the release of platelet particles, inhibit platelet-specific enzymes, and utilize platelet-derived “nano-platelets” as a targeted drug delivery platform for tumor therapy. This review elaborates on platelet-tumor cell interactions and the molecular mechanisms and discusses future research directions for platelet-based liquid biopsy techniques and platelet-targeted anti-tumor strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Erliang Guo
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xionghui Mao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xionghui Mao, ; Susheng Miao,
| | - Susheng Miao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xionghui Mao, ; Susheng Miao,
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Casadei-Gardini A, Filippi R, Rimini M, Rapposelli IG, Fornaro L, Silvestris N, Aldrighetti L, Aimar G, Rovesti G, Bartolini G, Vivaldi C, Brunetti O, Sperti E, La Face R, Ratti F, Andrikou K, Valgiusti M, Bernardini L, Argentiero A, Fenocchio E, Frassineti GL, Cesario S, Giovannelli F, Quarà V, Leone F, Cascinu S. Effects of Metformin and Vitamin D on Clinical Outcome in Cholangiocarcinoma Patients. Oncology 2021; 99:292-299. [PMID: 33626532 DOI: 10.1159/000512796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the last few years, there has been increasing interest in non-cancer medications and their potential anti-cancer activity. Data are not available in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients. The aim of this study is to fill this gap by investigating the potential impact in terms of clinical outcome of the common non-cancer medications. METHODS All consecutive patients with CCAs were retrospectively identified from 7 Italian medical institutions. We investigated the role of intake of vitamin D, aspirin, metformin, statins, and diuretics. RESULTS A total of 537 patients with CCAs were identified; 197 patients undergoing surgery were evaluated for disease-free survival (DFS), and 509 patients with an advanced stage were evaluated for overall survival (OS). A longer DFS was found in patients with intake of vitamin D versus never users (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.92, p = 0.02). In an advanced stage an association with OS was found in patients with intake of metformin versus never users (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52-0.93, p = 0.0162), and in patients who have started taking metformin after chemotherapy versus before chemotherapy and never users (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.73, p = 0.0016). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlighted that vitamin D intake improves DFS in patients undergoing surgery. Metformin intake after starting chemotherapy can improve the clinical outcome in advanced disease. These results could open up new therapeutic strategies in cholangiocarcinoma patients. We are planning to undertake a prospective study to validate these data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Filippi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro Oncologico Ematologico Subalpino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Rimini
- Unit of Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilario Giovanni Rapposelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fornaro
- U.O. Oncologia Medica 2 Universitaria Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Aldrighetti
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Aimar
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giulia Rovesti
- Unit of Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- U.O. Oncologia Medica 2 Universitaria Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Sperti
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa La Face
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro Oncologico Ematologico Subalpino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Ratti
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Andrikou
- Unit of Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Martina Valgiusti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardini
- U.O. Oncologia Medica 2 Universitaria Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Fenocchio
- Multidisciplinary Outpatient Oncology Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Frassineti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Silvia Cesario
- U.O. Oncologia Medica 2 Universitaria Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Giovannelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Virginia Quarà
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Biella, Ponderano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Ma S, Guo C, Sun C, Han T, Zhang H, Qu G, Jiang Y, Zhou Q, Sun Y. Aspirin Use and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies from 1989 to 2019. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 21:552-565. [PMID: 33741292 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some evidence shows that aspirin can reduce the morbidity and mortality of different cancers, including breast cancer. Aspirin has become a new focus of cancer prevention and treatment research at present, however, clinical studies found conflicting conclusions of its anticancer characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in 8 electronic databases. The pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the random effects model to estimate the effect of aspirin on breast cancer. RESULTS Forty-two published articles with 99,769 patients were identified. The meta-analysis showed a significant decrease in breast cancer risk with aspirin use (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96; I2 = 72%). Aspirin use decreased the risk of hormone receptor-positive tumors (estrogen receptor [ER]-positive RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.97; I2=54%; progesterone receptor [PR]-positive RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.95; I2=32%; ER- and PR-positive RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-1.00; I2=45%) and reduced the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.98; I2=59%). Further analysis showed that for the in situ breast cancer, regular-dose and more than 3 years use of aspirin were associated with the reduced risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested that aspirin may reduce the overall risk of breast cancer, reduce the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, hormone receptor-positive tumors, and in situ breast cancer. Larger, multicenter clinical studies are needed to find the optimal dose range, frequency, and duration of the aspirin use to explore the best benefit-risk ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Cijuan Guo
- Nursing Department, First People's Hospital of Suzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tiantian Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Huimei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yuemeng Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
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8
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Zuo Q, Zou Y, Huang S, Wang T, Xu Y, Zhang T, Zhang M, Ge Z, Jiang Z. Aspirin reduces sFlt-1-mediated apoptosis of trophoblast cells in preeclampsia. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6119638. [PMID: 33493277 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder that occurs during pregnancy. Low-dose aspirin is used to reduce the occurrence of early-onset PE; however, the mechanisms are not clear. The aim of this study was to reveal the underlying mechanism of aspirin in reducing sFlt-1-mediated apoptosis of trophoblast cells in PE. Serum sFlt-1 and sEng profiles and placental oxidative stress levels were significantly decreased in PE patients treated with aspirin compared with untreated patients without it, whereas serum PLGF and placental SOD profiles were increased in PE patients with aspirin. Aspirin attenuated the role of sFlt-1 in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and reduced apoptosis of trophoblasts by inactivating the NF-κB signalling pathway in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells. Blood pressure, urine protein, swelling of the villous vessels and mitochondrial parameters were noted to be much better after aspirin administrated to sFlt-1 treated pregnant mice. In conclusion, aspirin reverses the endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by sFlt-1 and thus reduces apoptosis of preeclamptic trophoblasts by inactivating NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yanfeng Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the affiliated Hospital of Yantai Yuhuagnding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Shiyun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tianjun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yetao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhiping Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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9
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Shen X, Shen X. A potential role for aspirin in the prevention and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1323-1330. [PMID: 32997790 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepatic cancer, with a rising incidence worldwide. Owing to late diagnosis and limited treatment options, the prognosis for cholangiocarcinoma remains dismal, compelling a search for new treatments. As aspirin exhibits a well-supported chemopreventive effect on common cancers, researchers have proposed using aspirin as a potential preventive and adjuvant agent for cholangiocarcinoma. In the present review of the literature, we provide a background on cholangiocarcinoma and potential mechanisms of action underlying the anticancer effect of aspirin. Although the exact mode of action remains unclear, multiple downstream effects of aspirin may interfere with cholangiocarcinogenesis, tumour growth and metastasis-including inhibiting the COX-2 pathway, preventing platelet aggregation and modulating certain proteins and signalling. This review also summarises evidence to support the chemopreventive effects of aspirin on common cancers, particularly colorectal cancer and discusses studies that report a positive outcome of aspirin in cholangiocarcinoma. Regular use of aspirin is associated with a reduced incidence of colorectal cancers as well as cholangiocarcinomas, and improved survival. Aspirin thus appears to play a role in the primary prevention and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. However, further studies are needed to confirm these benefits and to establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Shen
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xingping Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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10
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Giampieri R, Cantini L, Giglio E, Bittoni A, Lanese A, Crocetti S, Pecci F, Copparoni C, Meletani T, Lenci E, Lupi A, Baleani MG, Berardi R. Impact of Polypharmacy for Chronic Ailments in Colon Cancer Patients: A Review Focused on Drug Repurposing. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102724. [PMID: 32977434 PMCID: PMC7598185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is characterized by high incidence worldwide. Despite increased awareness and early diagnosis thanks to screening programmes, mortality remains high, particularly for patients with metastatic involvement. Immune checkpoint inhibitors or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-inhibitors have met with disappointing results when used in this setting, opposed to other malignancies. New drugs with different mechanisms of action are needed in this disease. Drug repurposing might offer new therapeutic options, as patients with metastatic colorectal cancer often share risk factors for other chronic diseases and thus frequently are on incidental therapy with these drugs. The aim of this review is to summarise the published results of the activity of drugs used to treat chronic medications in patients affected by colorectal cancer. We focused on antihypertensive drugs, Non-Steroid Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), metformin, antidepressants, statins and antibacterial antibiotics. Our review shows that there are promising results with beta blockers, statins and metformin, whereas data concerning antidepressants and antibacterial antibiotics seem to show a potentially harmful effect. It is hoped that further prospective trials that take into account the role of these drugs as anticancer medications are conducted.
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11
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Luzo AC, Fávaro WJ, Seabra AB, Durán N. What is the potential use of platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) in cancer treatment? A mini review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03660. [PMID: 32258495 PMCID: PMC7113436 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) is an autologous human platelet concentrate extracted from plasma. PRP has been investigated in order to be used in many fields, with emphasis on the musculoskeletal field applied to sports injuries, as well as on other medical fields such as cardiac surgery, gynecology, pediatric surgery, urology, ophthalmology and plastic surgery. Cancer treatment is another important field where PRP should be investigated; thus, it is important validating PRP preparation protocols to be used in clinical research. Many protocols should be revised since, overall, most studies do not provide necessary information to allow them to be multiplied or replicated. The current review focuses on several topics about cancer, mainly on innovative studies about PRP use as a feasible therapeutic alternative to treat bladder cancer - a field where it could play a key role. Relevant aspects such as platelets' contribution to immune regulation and the supportive role they play in innate and adaptive immune functions are also addressed. Another important topic reviewed in the current study refers to inflammatory process regulation associated with cancer and thrombosis sites, which indicated that tumor-induced platelet activation could be used as an important therapeutic target in the future. New aspects concerning nitric oxide's ability to restrain platelet adhesion and aggregation in order to slow metastasis progress in cancer patients provide an important advantage in cancer treatment. Finally, the current review has pointed out perspectives and the main concerns about, and possibilities of, PRP use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C.M. Luzo
- Transfusion Medicine Service, Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Haematology Hemotherapy Center,University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wagner J. Fávaro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amedea B. Seabra
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
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12
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Li B, Lu J, Peng DZ, Zhang XY, You Z. Elevated platelet distribution width predicts poor prognosis in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19400. [PMID: 32195935 PMCID: PMC7220385 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the platelet distribution width (PDW) has been reported as a reliable predictor of prognosis in several types of cancer, to our knowledge the prognostic value of PDW in hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) has not been studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic value of PDW in HC patients. A retrospective analysis of 292 consecutively recruited HC patients undergoing radical resection with at least a 5-year follow-up. The optimal cutoff value of PDW was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method and the difference between the clinico-pathologic variables and survival was evaluated by log-rank analysis. Multivariate analysis identified independent prognostic risk factors of overall survival (OS). ROC curve analysis suggested that the optimal cutoff value for the PDW was 16.55. There were significant associations of high PDW with high white blood cell (P < .001) and high neutril-to-lymph ratio (P < .001). In a multivariate analysis, the PDW was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 2.521, 95% CI 1.832-3.470, P < .001). In conclusions, our findings indicate that PDW may have clinical significance in predicting OS after surgery in HC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang
- West China-Washington Mitochondria Metabolism Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang
| | - Ding-Zhong Peng
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang
| | - Xin-Yi Zhang
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang
| | - Zhen You
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang
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13
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Santilli F, Simeone P. Aspirin in primary prevention: the triumph of clinical judgement over complex equations. Intern Emerg Med 2019; 14:1217-1231. [PMID: 31542891 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-019-02191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin, in 2017, has celebrated its 120th birthday. The efficacy and safety of low-dose aspirin in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease is well supported by many studies, instead in primary prevention it remains controversial, especially in the aftermath of the publication in 2018 of three novel primary prevention randomized clinical trials, showing that the benefit of low-dose aspirin, although additive to that of statin, is counterbalanced by an excess of (mainly gastrointestinal) bleeding events. The signal for a net benefit seems to be even more controversial in the elderly starting aspirin after the age of 70 years. While international guidelines have promptly downgraded their recommendations to more conservative indications, the practicing clinician is called to make the effort to individualize the treatment, after careful evaluation of the haemorrhagic risk vis-a-vis the risk to develop, in the mid-term and long-term follow-up, major cardiovascular events or cancer. This is a particularly complex task, given the different immediate and long-term impact of diverse outcomes on health, the dynamic nature over time of the benefit/risk balance, prompting periodic re-assessments of its indication, and the interindividual variability in aspirin response. The chemopreventive properties of aspirin, anticipated by a large body of epidemiological and mechanistic evidence, are awaiting their final confirmation by the long-term follow-up of the latest trials specifically designed to assess this endpoint, with the expectation to subvert the delicate benefit/risk balance of aspirin in primary prevention. This review is intended to provide an interpretation of past and current evidence to guide clinical decision making on the contemporary patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation School of Medicine, Via Luigi Polacchi, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Paola Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation School of Medicine, Via Luigi Polacchi, 66013, Chieti, Italy
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14
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Peng Y, Wu Z, Yang H, Cai Y, Liu G, Li W, Tang Y. Insights into mechanisms and severity of drug-induced liver injury via computational systems toxicology approach. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Fasanelli F, Giraudo MT, Vineis P, Fiano V, Fiorito G, Grasso C, Polidoro S, Trevisan M, Grioni S, Krogh V, Mattiello A, Panico S, Giurdanella MC, Tumino R, De Marco L, Ricceri F, Sacerdote C. DNA methylation, colon cancer and Mediterranean diet: results from the EPIC-Italy cohort. Epigenetics 2019; 14:977-988. [PMID: 31179817 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1629230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms through which adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MD) protects against colon cancer (CC) are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may be implicated in the pathway. Both diet and CC are related to epigenetic regulation. We performed a nested case-control study on 161 pairs from the Italian component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, in which we looked for the methylation signals in DNA extracted from leucocytes associated with both CC and MD in 995 CpGs located in 48 inflammation genes. The DNA methylation signals detected in this analysis were validated in a subgroup of 47 case-control pairs and further replicated (where validated) in 95 new pairs by means of pyrosequencing. Among the CpG sites selected a-priori in inflammation-related genes, seven CpG sites were found to be associated with CC status and with MD, in line with its protective effect. Only two CpG sites (cg17968347-SERPINE1 and cg20674490-RUNX3) were validated using bisulphite pyrosequencing and, after replication, we found that DNA methylation of cg20674490-RUNX3 may be a potential molecular mediator explaining the protective effect of MD on CC onset. The use of a 'meet-in-the-middle' approach to identify the overlap between exposure and predictive markers of disease is innovative in studies on the relationship between diet and cancer, in which exposure assessment is difficult and the mechanisms through which the nutrients exert their protective effect is largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fasanelli
- a Unit of Cancer Epidemiology- CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | | | - Paolo Vineis
- c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , UK.,d Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) , Turin , Italy
| | - Valentina Fiano
- a Unit of Cancer Epidemiology- CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- d Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) , Turin , Italy
| | - Chiara Grasso
- a Unit of Cancer Epidemiology- CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- d Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) , Turin , Italy
| | - Morena Trevisan
- a Unit of Cancer Epidemiology- CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- e Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- e Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- f Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- f Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- g Cancer Registry, Department of Prevention, ASP , Ragusa , Italy
| | - Laura De Marco
- a Unit of Cancer Epidemiology- CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy.,h Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO) , Turin , Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- i Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Services ASL TO3 , Grugliasco , Italy.,j Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- h Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO) , Turin , Italy
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16
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Zhang X, Feng Y, Liu X, Ma J, Li Y, Wang T, Li X. Beyond a chemopreventive reagent, aspirin is a master regulator of the hallmarks of cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1387-1403. [PMID: 31037399 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aspirin, one of the most commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NAIDS), not only shows cancer chemoprevention effects but also improves cancer therapeutic effects when combined with other therapies. Studies that focus on aspirin regulation of the hallmarks of cancer and the associated molecular mechanisms facilitate a more thorough understanding of aspirin in mediating chemoprevention and may supply additional information for the development of novel cancer therapeutic agents. METHODS The relevant literatures from PubMed have been reviewed in this article. RESULTS Current studies have revealed that aspirin regulates almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Within tumor tissue, aspirin suppresses the bioactivities of cancer cells themselves and deteriorates the tumor microenvironment that supports cancer progression. In addition to tumor tissues, blocking of platelet activation also contributes to the ability of aspirin to inhibit cancer progression. In terms of the molecular mechanism, aspirin targets oncogenes and cancer-related signaling pathways and activates certain tumor suppressors. CONCLUSION Beyond a chemopreventive agent, aspirin is a master regulator of the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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17
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Huang Y, Cui MM, Huang YX, Fu S, Zhang X, Guo H, Wang RT. Preoperative platelet distribution width predicts breast cancer survival. Cancer Biomark 2019; 23:205-211. [PMID: 30198864 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in females worldwide. Activated platelets play a key role in tumor growth and tumor metastasis. Platelet distribution width (PDW) is a platelet index, and is altered in patients with malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore whether PDW can effectively predict death outcome of breast cancer patients. STUDY DESIGN The clinical data of 271 breast cancer patients in our hospital between January 2009 and December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULT There were significant correlations between increased PDW and tumor size, molecular subtype, differentiation grade, and cancer stages (T, N, or TNM). Moreover, survival analysis revealed that the overall survival of patients with PDW > 16.8%, which was significantly shorter than those with PDW ⩽ 16.8%. Multivariate analysis indicated that PDW > 16.8% predicts a poor overall survival of breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Elevated PDW may serve as a marker of adverse prognosis in breast cancer. However, these data are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution pending validation by additional clinical and molecular/genomics studies in various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Huang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Ming-Ming Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Yuan-Xi Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Rui-Tao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
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18
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Simeone P, Boccatonda A, Liani R, Santilli F. Significance of urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B 2 in age-related diseases: Focus on atherothrombosis. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:51-78. [PMID: 30273676 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation plays a key role in atherogenesis and atherothrombosis. Biochemical evidence of increased platelet activation in vivo can be reliably obtained through non-invasive measurement of thromboxane metabolite (TXM) excretion. Persistent biosynthesis of TXA2 has been associated with several ageing-related diseases, including acute and chronic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, chronic inflammatory diseases. Given the systemic nature of TX excretion, involving predominantly platelet but also extraplatelet sources, urinary TXM may reflect either platelet cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)-dependent TX generation or COX-2-dependent biosynthesis by inflammatory cells and/or platelets, or a combination of the two, especially in clinical settings characterized by low-grade inflammation or enhanced platelet turnover. Although urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels are largely suppressed with low-dose aspirin, incomplete TXM suppression by aspirin predicts the future risk of vascular events and death in high-risk patients and may identify individuals who might benefit from treatments that more effectively block in vivo TX production or activity. Several disease-modifying agents, including lifestyle intervention, antidiabetic drugs and antiplatelet agents besides aspirin have been shown to reduce TX biosynthesis. Taken together, these aspects may contribute to the development of promising mechanism-based therapeutic strategies to reduce the progression of atherothrombosis. We intended to critically review current knowledge on both the pathophysiological significance of urinary TXM excretion in clinical settings related to ageing and atherothrombosis, as well as its prognostic value as a biomarker of vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Boccatonda
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Liani
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy.
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Impacts of Cancer on Platelet Production, Activation and Education and Mechanisms of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110441. [PMID: 30441823 PMCID: PMC6266827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleate cells that are traditionally described as the major effectors of hemostasis and thrombosis. However, increasing evidence indicates that platelets play several roles in the progression of malignancies and in cancer-associated thrombosis. A notable cross-communication exists between platelets and cancer cells. On one hand, cancer can “educate” platelets, influencing their RNA profiles, the numbers of circulating platelets and their activation states. On the other hand, tumor-educated platelets contain a plethora of active biomolecules, including platelet-specific and circulating ingested biomolecules, that are released upon platelet activation and participate in the progression of malignancy. The numerous mechanisms by which the primary tumor induces the production, activation and aggregation of platelets (also known as tumor cell induced platelet aggregation, or TCIPA) are directly related to the pro-thrombotic state of cancer patients. Moreover, the activation of platelets is critical for tumor growth and successful metastatic outbreak. The development or use of existing drugs targeting the activation of platelets, adhesive proteins responsible for cancer cell-platelet interactions and platelet agonists should be used to reduce cancer-associated thrombosis and tumor progression.
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20
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Benelli R, Venè R, Ferrari N. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (cyclooxygenase-2), a complex target for colorectal cancer prevention and therapy. Transl Res 2018; 196:42-61. [PMID: 29421522 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A plentiful literature has linked colorectal cancer (CRC) to inflammation and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS)2 expression. Accordingly, several nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been tested often successfully in CRC chemoprevention despite their different ability to specifically target PTGS2 and the low or null expression of PTGS2 in early colon adenomas. Some observational studies showed an increased survival for patients with CRC assuming NSAIDs after diagnosis, but no clinical trial has yet demonstrated the efficacy of NSAIDs against established CRC, where PTGS2 is expressed at high levels. The major limits for the application of NSAIDs, or specific PTGS2 inhibitors, as adjuvant drugs in CRC are (1) a frequent confusion about the physiological role of PTGS1 and PTGS2, reflecting in CRC pathology and therapy; (2) the presence of unavoidable side effects linked to the intrinsic function of these enzymes; (3) the need of established criteria and markers for patient selection; and (4) the evaluation of the immunomodulatory potential of PTGS2 inhibitors as possible adjuvants for immunotherapy. This review has been written to rediscover the multifaceted potential of PTGS2 targeting, hoping it could act as a starting point for a new and more aware application of NSAIDs against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Benelli
- OU Immunology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico per l'oncologia), Genoa, Italy.
| | - Roberta Venè
- OU Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico per l'oncologia), Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ferrari
- OU Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico per l'oncologia), Genoa, Italy
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21
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Zhang H, Liu L, Fu S, Liu YS, Wang C, Liu T, Liu ZP, Wang RT, Yu KJ. Higher platelet distribution width predicts poor prognosis in laryngeal cancer. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 28624815 PMCID: PMC5564632 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated platelets promote cancer progression and metastasis. However, the prognostic value of platelet indices in laryngeal cancer remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive significance of platelet indices in laryngeal cancer. RESULTS Of the 241 patients, high platelet distribution width (PDW) levels were observed in 116 (48.1 %) patients. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, increased PDW was significantly associated with a poorer overall survival (p < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox model, PDW was an independent prognostic index for overall survival (HR=4.381, 95% CI=2.313-8.298, P < 0.001). METHOD The retrospective study included 241 consecutive patients with laryngeal cancer between January 2009 and December 2009. The relationships between PDW and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of PDW. CONCLUSIONS Elevated PDW might be a novel prognostic marker in laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Yan-Song Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Changsong Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.,Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Rui-Tao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Kai-Jiang Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
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Xu XR, Yousef GM, Ni H. Cancer and platelet crosstalk: opportunities and challenges for aspirin and other antiplatelet agents. Blood 2018. [PMID: 29519806 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-743187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have long been recognized as key players in hemostasis and thrombosis; however, growing evidence suggests that they are also significantly involved in cancer, the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Preclinical and clinical studies showed that tumorigenesis and metastasis can be promoted by platelets through a wide variety of crosstalk between platelets and cancer cells. For example, cancer changes platelet behavior by directly inducing tumor-platelet aggregates, triggering platelet granule and extracellular vesicle release, altering platelet phenotype and platelet RNA profiles, and enhancing thrombopoiesis. Reciprocally, platelets reinforce tumor growth with proliferation signals, antiapoptotic effect, and angiogenic factors. Platelets also activate tumor invasion and sustain metastasis via inducing an invasive epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype of tumor cells, promoting tumor survival in circulation, tumor arrest at the endothelium, and extravasation. Furthermore, platelets assist tumors in evading immune destruction. Hence, cancer cells and platelets maintain a complex, bidirectional communication. Recently, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) has been recognized as a promising cancer-preventive agent. It is recommended at daily low dose by the US Preventive Services Task Force for primary prevention of colorectal cancer. The exact mechanisms of action of aspirin in chemoprevention are not very clear, but evidence has emerged that suggests a platelet-mediated effect. In this article, we will introduce how cancer changes platelets to be more cancer-friendly and highlight advances in the modes of action for aspirin in cancer prevention. We also discuss the opportunities, challenges, and opposing viewpoints on applying aspirin and other antiplatelet agents for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ruby Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Thrombosis is a frequent issue in cancer patients. Tumor-induced platelet activation and coagulation does not only constitute a significant risk for thrombosis, but also contribute to tumor progression by promoting critical processes such as angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition to their role in hemostasis, platelets are increasingly recognized as regulators of inflammation. By modulating the immune system, platelets regulate several aspects of cancer-associated pathology. Platelets influence the inflammatory response in cancer by affecting the activation status of the endothelium and by recruiting leukocytes to primary and metastatic tumor sites, as well as to distant organs unaffected by tumor growth. Furthermore, platelets participate in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which can promote metastasis, thrombosis, and contribute to organ failure. In this review, we discuss the role of platelets as coordinators of the immune system during malignant disease and the potential of targeting platelets to prevent cancer-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Olsson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology , Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - J Cedervall
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology , Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center , Uppsala , Sweden
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Miao R, Xu X, Wang Z, Liu S, Qu K, Chen W, Liu C. Synergistic effect of nutlin-3 combined with aspirin in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells through activation of Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3735-3743. [PMID: 29286113 PMCID: PMC5802178 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin as an antitumor drug has been studied in various malignancies with regards to its effects on apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis and senescence of tumor cells. However, the clinical application is limited by its side effects. Nutlin-3 is a novel antitumor compound, which has not been clinically approved. The present study investigated the value of combining aspirin and nutlin-3 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. MTT was performed to detect the proliferation of HepG2 cells treated with aspirin or/and nutlin-3. Transwell invasion assays were performed to estimate the invasion ability of HepG2 cells treated with aspirin or/and nutlin-3. Then the apoptotic analysis of HepG2 cells evaluated the synergistic effect of aspirin and nutlin-3. Apoptosis markers, including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were estimated by western blot analysis at various time points. In addition, a Xenograft mouse model was established by infection with HepG2 cells, and aspirin and/or nutlin-3 was administrated to verify the anti-apoptotic effect of the two drugs in vivo. A high dose of aspirin and nutlin-3 inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. The antitumor effect was enhanced with the combined treatment of the two drugs, particularly in the group with a low concentration of aspirin and nutlin-3. Nutlin-3 was able to increase the level of Bax in HepG2 cells treated with aspirin significantly after treatment for 8 h. When treated with a low concentration of aspirin and nutlin-3, the level of Bax in HepG2 cells was enhanced for 2 h. In the animal model, tumor volume and tumor angiogenesis were significantly decreased in combination group compared with other groups (P<0.01). Although there were side effects in the group treated with aspirin alone, no side effects were observed in the combination group. Nutlin-3 enhanced the apoptotic effect of a low dose of aspirin by upregulating Bax expression in the HepG2 cell line and in vivo. The synergistic effect of nutlin-3 in aspirin antitumor therapy contributed to diminishing the dose of aspirin required and decreased the occurrence of adverse drug events in HCC through targeting the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchen Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinsen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, P.R. China
| | - Sushun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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25
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Ayyadevara S, Balasubramaniam M, Kakraba S, Alla R, Mehta JL, Shmookler Reis RJ. Aspirin-Mediated Acetylation Protects Against Multiple Neurodegenerative Pathologies by Impeding Protein Aggregation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1383-1396. [PMID: 28537433 PMCID: PMC5661865 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Many progressive neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates. In prospective trials, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) reduced the risk of AD and PD, as well as cardiovascular events and many late-onset cancers. Considering the role played by protein hyperphosphorylation in aggregation and neurodegenerative diseases, and aspirin's known ability to donate acetyl groups, we asked whether aspirin might reduce both phosphorylation and aggregation by acetylating protein targets. RESULTS Aspirin was substantially more effective than salicylate in reducing or delaying aggregation in human neuroblastoma cells grown in vitro, and in Caenorhabditis elegans models of human neurodegenerative diseases in vivo. Aspirin acetylates many proteins, while reducing phosphorylation, suggesting that acetylation may oppose phosphorylation. Surprisingly, acetylated proteins were largely excluded from compact aggregates. Molecular-dynamic simulations indicate that acetylation of amyloid peptide energetically disfavors its association into dimers and octamers, and oligomers that do form are less compact and stable than those comprising unacetylated peptides. INNOVATION Hyperphosphorylation predisposes certain proteins to aggregate (e.g., tau, α-synuclein, and transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 [TDP-43]), and it is a critical pathogenic marker in both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. We present novel evidence that acetylated proteins are underrepresented in protein aggregates, and that aggregation varies inversely with acetylation propensity after diverse genetic and pharmacologic interventions. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with the hypothesis that aspirin inhibits protein aggregation and the ensuing toxicity of aggregates through its acetyl-donating activity. This mechanism may contribute to the neuro-protective, cardio-protective, and life-prolonging effects of aspirin. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1383-1396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Ayyadevara
- 1 Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Research & Development Service , Little Rock, Arkansas.,2 Department of Geriatrics, Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Meenakshisundaram Balasubramaniam
- 1 Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Research & Development Service , Little Rock, Arkansas.,2 Department of Geriatrics, Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Samuel Kakraba
- 3 Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and University of Arkansas at Little Rock , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Ramani Alla
- 1 Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Research & Development Service , Little Rock, Arkansas.,2 Department of Geriatrics, Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- 1 Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Research & Development Service , Little Rock, Arkansas.,4 Divison of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Robert J Shmookler Reis
- 1 Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Research & Development Service , Little Rock, Arkansas.,2 Department of Geriatrics, Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas.,3 Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and University of Arkansas at Little Rock , Little Rock, Arkansas
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26
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Xie X, Zeng X, Cao S, Hu X, Shi Q, Li D, Zhou S, Gu P, Zhang Z. Elevated pretreatment platelet distribution width and platelet count predict poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106089-106097. [PMID: 29285316 PMCID: PMC5739703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated that platelets play a multifaceted role in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the value of platelet indices for predicting survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive significance of platelet indices in NPC cases. Materials and Methods A total of 168 patients who were diagnosed with NPC between January 2011 and June 2012 were recruited. The optimal cut-off values for the platelet indices were determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of the potential predictors. Results Of the 168 patients, high platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet count (PLT) levels were observed in 81 (48.21%) and 68 (40.48%) of the patients, respectively. An increased PDW was associated with the depth of invasion (T stage, P = 0.019), lymph node metastasis (N stage, P = 0.026), and clinical stage (P < 0.001). Moreover, the survival analysis showed that the overall survival of the patients with a PDW > 16.3 fL or platelet count > 266 × 109/L was associated with a poorer prognosis (both P < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression model, the PDW (P < 0.001), PLT (P = 0.001), T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P = 0.006), clinical stage (P = 0.005), and Epstein-Barr virus DNA (P = 0.039) were independent prognostic factors for the overall survival. Conclusions The PDW and PLT are easily available via a routine blood test, and our study showed that the PDW and PLT could be prognostic predictors in NPC patients. However, further studies are required to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- XueCheng Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of XiangNan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - XiaoChun Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of XiangNan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - SuJuan Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of XiangNan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - XiaoMao Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of XiangNan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - QiaoJing Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of XiangNan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of XiangNan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - ShiYuan Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of XiangNan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - ZhongShan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of XiangNan University, Chenzhou, China
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27
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Santamaria PG, Moreno‐Bueno G, Portillo F, Cano A. EMT: Present and future in clinical oncology. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:718-738. [PMID: 28590039 PMCID: PMC5496494 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial/mesenchymal transition (EMT) has emerged as a key regulator of metastasis by facilitating tumor cell invasion and dissemination to distant organs. Recent evidences support that the reverse mesenchymal/epithelial transition (MET) is required for metastatic outgrowth; moreover, the existence of hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotypes is increasingly being reported in different tumor contexts. The accumulated data strongly support that plasticity between epithelial and mesenchymal states underlies the dissemination and metastatic potential of carcinoma cells. However, the translation into the clinics of EMT and epithelial plasticity processes presents enormous challenges and still remains a controversial issue. In this review, we will evaluate current evidences for translational applicability of EMT and depict an overview of the most recent EMT in vivo models, EMT marker analyses in human samples as well as potential EMT therapeutic approaches and ongoing clinical trials. We foresee that standardized analyses of EMT markers in solid and liquid tumor biopsies in addition to innovative tools targeting the E/M states will become promising strategies for future translation to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G. Santamaria
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC‐UAM)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)IdiPAZCIBERONCMadridSpain
| | - Gema Moreno‐Bueno
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC‐UAM)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)IdiPAZCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Fundación MD Anderson InternationalMadridSpain
| | - Francisco Portillo
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC‐UAM)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)IdiPAZCIBERONCMadridSpain
| | - Amparo Cano
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC‐UAM)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)IdiPAZCIBERONCMadridSpain
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28
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Verdoodt F, Kjaer S, Friis S. Influence of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID use on ovarian and endometrial cancer: Summary of epidemiologic evidence of cancer risk and prognosis. Maturitas 2017; 100:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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Bernal-Bello D, de Tena JG, Guillén-Del Castillo A, Selva-O'Callaghan A, Callejas-Moraga EL, Marín-Sánchez AM, Fonollosa-Pla V, Simeón-Aznar CP. Novel risk factors related to cancer in scleroderma. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:461-468. [PMID: 28285170 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging data have shown an increased risk of malignancy among patients diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (SSc) so identification of risk factors linking both disorders might have prognostic implications. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and treatment-related risk factors for cancer in a single-center cohort of patients with SSc. METHODS Demographic, clinical, capillaroscopic, immunological and treatment-related data from 432 consecutive SSc patients were retrospectively analyzed. Variables that reached significant association in the univariate analysis were entered into a logistic regression in order to identify independent risk factors for cancer. RESULTS Malignancy was diagnosed in 53 patients (12.2%). Fifty-eight neoplasms were identified, among which breast (n=15), lung (n=10) and hematologic (n=9) malignancies were the most prevalent. In 19 patients the diagnosis of both scleroderma and tumour was made in <3years apart. Cancer significantly decreased the probability of survival (OR=2.61; 95%CI 1.46-4.69; p=0.001). No association with age, sex, smoking, cutaneous subset or RNA polymerase-III antibodies was found. However, risk of cancer was directly associated with the presence of anti-PM/Scl antibodies (OR=3.90; 95%CI 1.31-11.61; p=0.014), and inversely related to aspirin use (OR=0.33; 95%CI 0.12-0.90; p=0.031), which remained as independent risk factors for cancer on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS PM/Scl antibodies seem to be associated with a higher risk of cancer in scleroderma. In contrast, the use of aspirin is related to a lower risk of cancer in our series. More studies are needed to ascertain the role of anti PM/Scl antibodies and aspirin in the development of malignancy among patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bernal-Bello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Camino del Molino, 2, 28942, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jaime García de Tena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Universidad de Alcalá, C/Donante de Sangre, s/n, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Guillén-Del Castillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain, P. Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Selva-O'Callaghan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain, P. Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eduardo L Callejas-Moraga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain, P. Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana María Marín-Sánchez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain, P. Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vicent Fonollosa-Pla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain, P. Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Pilar Simeón-Aznar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain, P. Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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