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Martelli A, Flori L, Gorica E, Piragine E, Saviano A, Annunziata G, Di Minno MND, Ciampaglia R, Calcaterra I, Maione F, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Calderone V. Vascular Effects of the Polyphenolic Nutraceutical Supplement Taurisolo ®: Focus on the Protection of the Endothelial Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051540. [PMID: 34063322 PMCID: PMC8147644 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation of vascular endothelium integrity and functionality represents an unmet medical need. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction leads to decreased nitric oxide biosynthesis, which is prodromic of hypertension and hypercoagulability. In this panorama, the nutraceutical supplement Taurisolo®, a polyphenolic extract from Aglianico cultivar grape, rich in catechin and procyanidins, was evaluated as a vasoprotective, vasorelaxing, anti-hypertensive and anti-coagulant agent in: cell lines, isolated vessels, in vivo models of chronic hypertension and hypercoagulability, and in clinical tests of endothelial reactivity. Taurisolo® demonstrated to fully protect vascular cell viability from oxidative stimulus at 100 µg/mL and evoke vasorelaxing effects (Emax = 80.6% ± 1.9 and pEC50 = 1.19 ± 0.03) by activation of the Sirtuins-AMPK-pathway. Moreover, Taurisolo®, chronically administered at 20 mg/Kg/die in in vivo experiments, inhibited the onset of cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight/rat weight = 3.96 ± 0.09 vs. 4.30 ± 0.03), hypercoagulability (decrease of fibrinogen vs. control: p < 0.01) and hypertension (mean of Psys: 200 ± 2 vs. control 234 ± 2 mmHg) and improved endothelial function (Emax = 88.9% ± 1.5 vs. control 59.6% ± 3.6; flow-mediated dilation in healthy volunteers after 400 mg twice daily for 8 weeks vs. baseline: p = 0.019). In conclusion, Taurisolo® preserves the vascular function against ox-inflamm-ageing process and the consequent cardiovascular accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Department of Clinic Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Pecyna P, Wargula J, Murias M, Kucinska M. More Than Resveratrol: New Insights into Stilbene-Based Compounds. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1111. [PMID: 32726968 PMCID: PMC7465418 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of a scaffold concerns many aspects at different steps on the drug development path. In medicinal chemistry, the choice of relevant "drug-likeness" scaffold is a starting point for the design of the structure dedicated to specific molecular targets. For many years, the chemical uniqueness of the stilbene structure has inspired scientists from different fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmacy, and medicine. In this review, we present the outstanding potential of the stilbene-based derivatives. Naturally occurring stilbenes, together with powerful synthetic chemistry possibilities, may offer an excellent approach for discovering new structures and identifying their therapeutic targets. With the development of scientific tools, sophisticated equipment, and a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level, the stilbene scaffold has moved innovation in science. This paper mainly focuses on the stilbene-based compounds beyond resveratrol, which are particularly attractive due to their biological activity. Given the "fresh outlook" about different stilbene-based compounds starting from stilbenoids with particular regard to isorhapontigenin and methoxy- and hydroxyl- analogues, the update about the combretastatins, and the very often overlooked and underestimated benzanilide analogues, we present a new story about this remarkable structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pecyna
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wargula
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Kucinska
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
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Abstract
The concept of a scaffold concerns many aspects at different steps on the drug development path. In medicinal chemistry, the choice of relevant "drug-likeness" scaffold is a starting point for the design of the structure dedicated to specific molecular targets. For many years, the chemical uniqueness of the stilbene structure has inspired scientists from different fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmacy, and medicine. In this review, we present the outstanding potential of the stilbene-based derivatives. Naturally occurring stilbenes, together with powerful synthetic chemistry possibilities, may offer an excellent approach for discovering new structures and identifying their therapeutic targets. With the development of scientific tools, sophisticated equipment, and a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level, the stilbene scaffold has moved innovation in science. This paper mainly focuses on the stilbene-based compounds beyond resveratrol, which are particularly attractive due to their biological activity. Given the "fresh outlook" about different stilbene-based compounds starting from stilbenoids with particular regard to isorhapontigenin and methoxy- and hydroxyl- analogues, the update about the combretastatins, and the very often overlooked and underestimated benzanilide analogues, we present a new story about this remarkable structure.
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Liu X, Zhang H, Wu C, Liu Z, Chen Y, Yu B, Liu Z. Copper-catalyzed synthesis of benzanilides from lignin model substrates 2-phenoxyacetophenones under an air atmosphere. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02589k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for the synthesis of benzanilides is presented via the Cu-catalyzed reaction of 2-phenoxyacetophenones with anilines under an air atmosphere, and a series of benzanilides can be obtained in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongye Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Cailing Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Bo Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Mishra SK, Suryaprakash N. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Involving Organic Fluorine: NMR Investigations Corroborated by DFT-Based Theoretical Calculations. Molecules 2017; 22:E423. [PMID: 28272370 PMCID: PMC6155419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined utility of many one and two dimensional NMR methodologies and DFT-based theoretical calculations have been exploited to detect the intramolecular hydrogen bond (HB) in number of different organic fluorine-containing derivatives of molecules, viz. benzanilides, hydrazides, imides, benzamides, and diphenyloxamides. The existence of two and three centered hydrogen bonds has been convincingly established in the investigated molecules. The NMR spectral parameters, viz., coupling mediated through hydrogen bond, one-bond NH scalar couplings, physical parameter dependent variation of chemical shifts of NH protons have paved the way for understanding the presence of hydrogen bond involving organic fluorine in all the investigated molecules. The experimental NMR findings are further corroborated by DFT-based theoretical calculations including NCI, QTAIM, MD simulations and NBO analysis. The monitoring of H/D exchange with NMR spectroscopy established the effect of intramolecular HB and the influence of electronegativity of various substituents on the chemical kinetics in the number of organic building blocks. The utility of DQ-SQ technique in determining the information about HB in various fluorine substituted molecules has been convincingly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Mishra
- NMR Research Centre, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - N Suryaprakash
- NMR Research Centre, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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6
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Novel Promising Estrogenic Receptor Modulators: Cytotoxic and Estrogenic Activity of Benzanilides and Dithiobenzanilides. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145615. [PMID: 26730945 PMCID: PMC4701221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of 27 benzanilides and dithiobenzanilides built on a stilbene scaffold and possessing various functional groups in aromatic rings previously described for their spasmolytic properties was assayed on three human cancer cell lines (A549 –lung adenocarcinoma, MCF-7 estrogen dependent breast adenocarcinoma and MDA-MB-231 estrogen independent breast adenocarcinoma) and 2 non-tumorigenic cell lines (CCD39Lu–lung fibroblasts, MCF-12A - breast epithelial). Three compounds (6, 15 and 18) showed selective antiproliferative activity against estrogen dependent MCF-7 cancer cells and their estrogenic activity was further confirmed in MCF-7 transfected with an estrogen receptor reporter plasmid and in HEK239 cells over-expressing the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Compound 18 is especially interesting as a potential candidate for therapy since it is highly toxic and selective towards estrogen dependent MCF7 cell lines (IC50 = 5.07 μM versus more than 100 μM for MDA-MB-231) and almost innocuous for normal breast cells (IC50 = 91.46 μM for MCF-12A). Docking studies have shown that compound 18 interacts with the receptor in the same cavity as estradiol although the extra aromatic ring is involved in additional binding interactions with residue W383. The role of W383 and the extended binding mode were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis.
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Moreno-Fuquen R, Mariño NJ, Kennedy AR. Crystal structure of N-(2-hy-droxy-5-methyl-phen-yl)benzamide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o943. [PMID: 26870541 PMCID: PMC4719913 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015020575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C14H13NO2, the mean plane of the non-H atoms of the central amide fragment C-N-C(=O)-C (r.m.s. deviation = 0.029 Å) forms dihedral angles of 5.63 (6) and 10.20 (5)° with the phenyl and hy-droxy-phenyl rings, respectively. A short intra-molecular N-H⋯O contact is present. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to generate C(7) chains along [100]. The chains are reinforced by weak C-H⋯O contacts, which together with the O-H⋯O bonds lead to R 2 (2)(7) loops. Very weak N-H⋯O inter-actions link the mol-ecules into inversion dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Moreno-Fuquen
- Departamento de Química – Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Apartado 25360, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Nory J. Mariño
- Departamento de Química – Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Apartado 25360, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
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8
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Copper catalyzed N-arylation between aryl halides and nitriles in water: an efficient tandem synthesis of benzanilides. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kirby RW, Martelli A, Calderone V, McKay NG, Lawson K. Large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (BKCa) activating properties of a series of novel N-arylbenzamides: Channel subunit dependent effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4186-91. [PMID: 23707646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Large conductance calcium activated potassium channels (BKCa) are fundamental in the control of cellular excitability. Thus, compounds that activate BKCa channels could provide potential therapies in the treatment of pathologies of the cardiovascular and central nervous system. A series of novel N-arylbenzamide compounds, and the reference compound NS1619, were evaluated for BKCa channel opener properties in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) cells expressing the human BKCa channel α-subunit alone or α+β1-subunit complex. Channel activity was determined using a non-radioactive Rb(+) efflux assay to construct concentration effect curves for each compound. All N-arylbenzamide compounds and NS1619 evoked significant (p <0.05) concentration related increases in Rb(+) efflux both in cells expressing α-subunit alone or α+β1-subunits. Co-expression of the β1-subunit modified the Rb(+) efflux responses, relative to that obtained in cells expressing the α-subunit alone, for most of the N-arylbenzamide compounds, in contrast to NS1619. The EC40 values of NS1619, BKMe1 and BKOEt1 were not significantly affected by the co-expression of the BKCa channel α+β1-subunits. In contrast, 5 other N-arylbenzamides (BKPr2, BKPr3, BKPr4, BKH1 and BKVV) showed a significant (p <0.05) 2- to 10-fold increase in EC40 values when tested on the BKCa α+β1-subunit expressing cells compared to BKCa α-subunit expressing cells. Further, the Emax values for BKPr4, BKVV and BKH1 were lower in the BKCa channel α+β1-subunit expressing cells. In conclusion, the N-arylbenzamides studied, like NS1619, were able to activate BKCa channels formed of the α-subunit only. The co-expression of the β1-subunit, however, modified the ability of certain compounds to active the channel leading to differentiated pharmacodynamic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Kirby
- Sheffield Hallam University, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK.
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Liang YW, Liao XJ, Wang CJ, Guo JZ, Li S, Xu SH. The First Total Synthesis of Fuscain. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13528167435099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the furanolactam fuscain is reported. The key step in the synthesis was the formation of seven-membered lactam by acylation of a furan ring using the mild Lewis acid CuSO4·5H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-wei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-jian Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Chang-jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jin-zhi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Shi-hai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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Design, synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of novel phenylbenzamido-aminothiazole-based azasterol mimics. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Manjunatha Reddy GN, Vasantha Kumar MV, Guru Row TN, Suryaprakash N. N-H...F hydrogen bonds in fluorinated benzanilides: NMR and DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13232-7. [PMID: 20820573 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using (19)F and (1)H-NMR (with (14)N decoupling) spectroscopic techniques together with density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations, we have investigated weak molecular interactions in isomeric fluorinated benzanilides. Simultaneous presence of through space nuclear spin-spin couplings ((1h)J(N-HF)) of diverse strengths and feeble structural fluctuations are detected as a function of site specific substitution of fluorine atoms within the basic identical molecular framework. The transfer of hydrogen bonding interaction energies through space is established by perturbing their strengths and monitoring the effect on NMR parameters. Multiple quantum (MQ) excitation, up to the highest possible MQ orders of coupled protons, is utilized as a tool for accurate (1)H assignments. Results of NMR studies and DFT calculations are compared with the relevant structural parameters taken from single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
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Saeed A, Khera RA, Simpson J. 2-Methyl-N-p-tolyl-benzamide: a second monoclinic polymorph. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o911-2. [PMID: 21580722 PMCID: PMC2983768 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C15H15NO, (I), is a polymorph of the structure (II) reported by Gowda et al. [Acta Cryst. (2008), E64, o1494]. Compound (II) crystalllizes in the space group C2/c (Z = 8), whereas the title compound occurs in space group P21/c (Z = 4). The two molecular structures differ slightly in the relative orientations of their central amide group with respect to the benzoyl ring [dihedral angles of 55.99 (7) for (I) and 59.96 (11)° for (II)] and in the inclination of the benzoyl and aniline rings [88.67 (8) for (I) and 81.44 (5)° for (II)]. In the crystal structure of (I), molecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming C(4) chains, which are augmented by weak C—H⋯O interactions. The structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯π contacts involving both of the aromatic rings.
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Saeed A, Khera RA, Shahid M, Parvez M. N-(4-Nitro-phen-yl)cinnamamide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o2068. [PMID: 21577491 PMCID: PMC2969994 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(15)H(12)N(2)O(3), the dihedral angle between the rings is 3.04 (8)°. The central NOC(3) fragment is planar [maximum deviation = 0.005 (3) Å] and is oriented at dihedral angles of 8.23 (8) and 7.29 (9)° with respect to the phenyl and nitro-phenyl rings, respectively. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a two-dimensional network. π-π contacts between rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.719 (1) Å] may further stabilize the structure.
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Saeed A, Khera RA, Latif M, Parvez M. 4-Chloro-N-cyclo-hexyl-benzamide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1539. [PMID: 21582827 PMCID: PMC2969216 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809021217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C13H16ClNO, the cyclohexyl ring adopts a chair conformation, with puckering parameters Q = 0.576 (3) Å, θ = 0.1 (3) and ϕ = 8 (15)°. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into one-dimensional chains propagating in [010].
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16
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Saeed A, Irfan M, Bolte M. 4-Chloro- N- m-tolylbenzamide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1334. [PMID: 21583188 PMCID: PMC2969756 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809018236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C14H12ClNO, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 11.29 (15)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds linking the molecules into chains running along the c axis.
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Coi A, Fiamingo FL, Livi O, Calderone V, Martelli A, Massarelli I, Bianucci AM. QSAR studies on BK channel activators. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:319-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Saeed A, Khera RA, Abbas N, Simpson J, Stanley RG. N-Butyl-4-chloro-benzamide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o2322-3. [PMID: 21581298 PMCID: PMC2960128 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808036313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title benzamide derivative, C(11)H(14)ClNO, the chloro-benzene and butyl-amine groups are each planar, with mean deviations from the planes of 0.013 and 0.030 Å, respectively, and a dihedral angle of 2.54 (9)° between the two planes. In the crystal structure, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol-ecules in rows along a. Short inter-molecular Cl⋯Cl inter-actions [3.4225 (5) Å] link these rows into sheets in the ac plane. Additional weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions generate a three-dimensional network.
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Calderone V, Fiamingo FL, Amato G, Giorgi I, Livi O, Martelli A, Martinotti E. 1,2,3-Triazol-carboxanilides and 1,2,3-triazol-(N-benzyl)-carboxamides as BK-potassium channel activators. XII. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2618-26. [PMID: 18400336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The chemical structures of many synthetic activators of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK channels) satisfy a simple pharmacophore model, consisting of two appropriately substituted phenyl rings connected by a linker of a heterogeneous nature. In this paper, a series of new compounds with modifications of the linker portion of the above pharmacophore are described. In particular, in these new derivatives, the linker portion is represented by a 1,2,3-triazole-carboxamide group, which can be viewed as a combination of two different kinds of linker, independently used in previous series of BK-openers: the amide function and the 1,2,3-triazole ring. The overall finding of this study indicated that the triazole-carboxamide derivatives were generally poorly effective and that this structural modification of the linker is deleterious for activity on BK channels. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the increase of the steric hindrance of the linker and/or the increase of the distance between the two aromatic portions are negative for the interaction with the biological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calderone
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Calderone V, Coi A, Fiamingo FL, Giorgi I, Leonardi M, Livi O, Martelli A, Martinotti E. Structural modifications of benzanilide derivatives, effective potassium channel openers. X. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:1421-9. [PMID: 17030483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are involved in many fundamental cell functions. Consistently, the ability to activate BK channels by exogenous compounds is considered as a promising pharmacodynamic pattern for the potential treatment of several pathologies. In this perspective, the development of new and selective BK-openers can be considered as an actual field of research. This paper reports the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new benzanilides, useful for deepening the comprehension of the structure-activity relationships, emerged in previous studies on this class of BK-activators. From a structural point of view, these benzanilides belong to a general class of BK-activators, showing a common pharmacophoric model, consisting of two aryl groups linked through an appropriate "spacer" and the almost obligatory presence of a phenolic hydroxyl. In particular, a new series of benzanilides, in which the phenyl rings have been widely changed both on the acidic portion and the basic one of the amide spacer, were synthesised. Their vasorelaxing effects, induced through the activation of BK channels, were also evaluated. Although many compounds exhibited effects which could not be attributed to the activation of BK channels, two derivatives showed a clear profile of BK-activators with vasodilator activity comparable to or slightly lower than that recorded for the reference benzimidazolone NS1619. A further molecular modelling approach allowed us to obtain a molecular electrostatic potential feature which suggests a suitable interaction with the receptor site of the BK channel, from a tri-dimensional point of view. This approach seems to represent a further contribution for the development of new BK-activators, designed on the basis of the pharmacophoric model above-mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calderone
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
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