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Zampieri D, Fortuna S, Calabretti A, Romano M, Menegazzi R, Schepmann D, Wünsch B, Collina S, Zanon D, Mamolo MG. Discovery of new potent dual sigma receptor/GluN2b ligands with antioxidant property as neuroprotective agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:268-282. [PMID: 31319263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among several potential applications, sigma receptors (σRs) can be used as neuroprotective agents, antiamnesic, antipsychotics and against other neurodegenerative disorders. On the other hands, antagonists of the GluN2b-subunit-containing-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are of major interest for the same purpose, being this subunit expressed in specific areas of the central nervous system and responsible for the excitatory regulation of nerve cells. Under these premises, we have synthesized and biologically tested novel hybrid derivatives obtained from the combination of phenyloxadiazolone and dihydroquinolinone scaffolds with different amine moieties, peculiar of σ2R ligands. Most of the new ligands exhibited a pan-affinity towards both σR subtypes and high affinity against GluN2b subunit. The most promising compounds belong to the dihydroquinolinone series, with the best affinity profile for the cyclohexylpiperazine derivative 28. Investigation on their biological activity showed that the new compounds were able to protect SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment. These results proved that our dual σR/GluN2b ligands have beneficial effects in a model of neuronal oxidative stress and can represent strong candidate pharmacotherapeutic agents for minimizing oxidative stress-induced neuronal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zampieri
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1- Via Giorgieri 1, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1- Via Giorgieri 1, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy. http://sarafortuna.eu/
| | - Antonella Calabretti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1- Via Giorgieri 1, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, Via Valerio 28/1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Renzo Menegazzi
- Department of Life Sciences, Via Valerio 28/1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Viale Taramelli 6 and 12, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Zanon
- Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology Department Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Mamolo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1- Via Giorgieri 1, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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Zampieri D, Romano M, Menegazzi R, Mamolo MG. New piperidine-based derivatives as sigma receptor ligands. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3206-3209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Etukala JR, Zhu XY, Eyunni SVK, Onyameh EK, Ofori E, Bricker BA, Kang HJ, Huang XP, Roth BL, Ablordeppey SY. Development of CNS multi-receptor ligands: Modification of known D2 pharmacophores. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3671-9. [PMID: 27364609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several known D2 pharmacophores have been explored as templates for identifying ligands with multiple binding affinities at dopamine and serotonin receptors considered as clinically relevant receptors in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. This approach has resulted in the identification of ligands that target multiple CNS receptors while avoiding others associated with deleterious effects. In particular, compounds 11, 15 and 22 may have potential for further development as antipsychotic agents as they favorably interact with the clinically relevant receptors including D2R, 5-HT1AR, and 5-HT7R. We have also identified the pair of compounds 11 and 10 as high affinity D2R ligands with and without SERT binding affinities, respectively. These differential binding profiles endow the pair with the potential for evaluating SERT contributions to antipsychotic drug activity in animal behavioral models. In addition, compound 11 has no significant affinity for 5-HT2CR and binds only moderately to the H1R, suggesting it may not induce weight gain or sedation when used clinically. Taken together, compound 11 displays an interesting pharmacological profile that necessitates the evaluation of its functional and in vivo effects in animal models which are currently ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan R Etukala
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Xue Y Zhu
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Suresh V K Eyunni
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Edem K Onyameh
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Edward Ofori
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Barbara A Bricker
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Hye J Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA; National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA; National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA; National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Seth Y Ablordeppey
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
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Česen MH, Repnik U, Turk V, Turk B. Siramesine triggers cell death through destabilisation of mitochondria, but not lysosomes. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e818. [PMID: 24091661 PMCID: PMC3824671 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A sigma-2 receptor agonist siramesine has been shown to trigger cell death of cancer cells and to exhibit a potent anticancer activity in vivo. However, its mechanism of action is still poorly understood. We show that siramesine can induce rapid cell death in a number of cell lines at concentrations above 20 μM. In HaCaT cells, cell death was accompanied by caspase activation, rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cytochrome c release, cardiolipin peroxidation and typical apoptotic morphology, whereas in U-87MG cells most apoptotic hallmarks were not notable, although MMP was rapidly lost. In contrast to the rapid loss of MMP above 20 μM siramesine, a rapid increase in lysosomal pH was observed at all concentrations tested (5–40 μM); however, it was not accompanied by lysosomal membrane permeabilisation (LMP) and the release of lysosomal enzymes into the cytosol. Increased lysosomal pH reduced the lysosomal degradation potential as indicated by the accumulation of immature forms of cysteine cathepsins. The lipophilic antioxidant α-tocopherol, but not the hydrophilic antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine, considerably reduced cell death and destabilisation of mitochondrial membranes, but did not prevent the increase in lysosomal pH. At concentrations below 15 μM, siramesine triggered cell death after 2 days or later, which seems to be associated with a general metabolic and energy imbalance due to defects in the endocytic pathway, intracellular trafficking and energy production, and not by a specific molecular event. Overall, we show that cell death in siramesine-treated cells is induced by destabilisation of mitochondria and is independent of LMP and the release of cathepsins into the cytosol. Moreover, it is unlikely that siramesine acts exclusively through sigma-2 receptors, but rather through multiple molecular targets inside the cell. Our findings are therefore of significant importance in designing the next generation of siramesine analogues with high anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hafner Česen
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia [2] Jožef Stefan's International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Niso M, Abate C, Contino M, Ferorelli S, Azzariti A, Perrone R, Colabufo NA, Berardi F. Sigma-2 receptor agonists as possible antitumor agents in resistant tumors: hints for collateral sensitivity. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:2026-35. [PMID: 24106081 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of contributing to the development of novel antitumor agents, high-affinity σ2 receptor agonists were developed, with 6,7-dimethoxy-2-[4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]butyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (15) and 9-[4-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)butyl]-9H-carbazole (25) showing exceptional selectivity for the σ2 subtype. Most of the compounds displayed notable antiproliferative activity in human MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, with similar activity in the corresponding doxorubicin-resistant MCF7adr cell line. Surprisingly, a few compounds, including 25, displayed enhanced activity in MCF7adr cells over parent cells, recalling the phenomenon of collateral sensitivity, which is under study for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors. All of the compounds showed interaction with P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and 15 and 25, with the greatest activity, were able to revert P-gp-mediated resistance and reestablish the antitumor effect of doxorubicin in MCF7adr cells. We therefore identified a series of σ2 receptor agonists endowed with intriguing antitumor properties; these compounds deserve further investigation for the development of alternate strategies against multidrug- resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari (Italy)
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Ehrmann A, Richter K, Busch F, Reimann J, Albers SV, Sterner R. Ligand-induced formation of a transient tryptophan synthase complex with αββ subunit stoichiometry. Biochemistry 2010; 49:10842-53. [PMID: 21090805 DOI: 10.1021/bi1016815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prototypical tryptophan synthases form a stable heterotetrameric αββα complex in which the constituting TrpA and TrpB1 subunits activate each other in a bidirectional manner. The hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus does not contain a TrpB1 protein but instead two members of the phylogenetically distinct family of TrpB2 proteins, which are encoded within (sTrpB2i) and outside (sTrpB2a) the tryptophan operon. It has previously been shown that sTrpB2a does not functionally or structurally interact with sTrpA, whereas sTrpB2i substantially activates sTrpA in a unidirectional manner. However, in the absence of catalysis, no physical complex between sTrpB2i and sTrpA could be detected. In order to elucidate the structural requirements for complex formation, we have analyzed the interaction between sTrpA (α-monomer) and sTrpB2i (ββ-dimer) by means of spectroscopy, analytical gel filtration, and analytical ultracentrifugation, as well as isothermal titration calorimetry. In the presence of the TrpA ligand glycerol 3-phosphate (GP) and the TrpB substrate l-serine, sTrpA and sTrpB2i formed a physical complex with a thermodynamic dissociation constant of about 1 μM, indicating that the affinity between the α- and ββ-subunits is weaker by at least 1 order of magnitude than the affinity between the corresponding subunits of prototypical tryptophan synthases. The observed stoichiometry of the complex was 1 subunit of sTrpA per 2 subunits of sTrpB2i, which corresponds to a αββ quaternary structure and testifies to a strong negative cooperativity for the binding of the α-monomers to the ββ-dimer. The analysis of the interaction between sTrpB2i and sTrpA in the presence of several substrate, transition state, and product analogues suggests that the αββ complex remains stable during the whole catalytic cycle and disintegrates into α- and ββ-subunits upon the release of the reaction product tryptophan. The formation of a transient tryptophan synthase complex, together with the observed low affinity of sTrpB2i for l-serine, couples the rate of tryptophan biosynthesis in S. solfataricus to the cytosolic availability of l-serine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ehrmann
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Xu YT, Kaushal N, Shaikh J, Wilson LL, Mésangeau C, McCurdy CR, Matsumoto RR. A novel substituted piperazine, CM156, attenuates the stimulant and toxic effects of cocaine in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 333:491-500. [PMID: 20100904 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.161398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is a highly abused drug without effective pharmacotherapies to treat it. It interacts with sigma (sigma) receptors, providing logical targets for the development of medications to counteract its actions. Cocaine causes toxic and stimulant effects that can be categorized as acute effects such as convulsions and locomotor hyperactivity and subchronic effects including sensitization and place conditioning. In the present study, 3-(4-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thione (CM156), a novel compound, was developed and tested for interactions with sigma receptors using radioligand binding studies. It was also evaluated against cocaine-induced effects in behavioral studies. The results showed that CM156 has nanomolar affinities for each of the sigma receptor subtypes in the brain and much weaker affinities for non-sigma binding sites. Pretreatment of male Swiss-Webster mice with CM156, before administering either a convulsive or locomotor stimulant dose of cocaine, led to a significant attenuation of these acute effects. CM156 also significantly reduced the expression of behavioral sensitization and place conditioning evoked by subchronic exposure to cocaine. The protective effects of CM156 are consistent with sigma receptor-mediated actions. Together with previously reported findings, the data from CM156 and related sigma compounds indicate that sigma receptors can be targeted to alleviate deleterious actions of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Tong Xu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
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Zampieri D, Mamolo MG, Laurini E, Florio C, Zanette C, Fermeglia M, Posocco P, Paneni MS, Pricl S, Vio L. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and three-dimensional in silico pharmacophore model for sigma(1) receptor ligands based on a series of substituted benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one derivatives. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5380-93. [PMID: 19673530 DOI: 10.1021/jm900366z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their affinities against sigma receptors were evaluated. On the basis of 31 compounds, a three-dimensional pharmacophore model for the sigma(1) receptor binding site was developed using the Catalyst 4.9 software package. The best 3D pharmacophore hypothesis, consisting of one positive ionizable, one hydrogen bond acceptor, two hydrophobic aromatic, and one hydrophobic features provided a 3D-QSAR model with a correlation coefficient of 0.89. The best hypothesis was also validated by three independent methods, i.e., the Fisher randomization test included in the CatScramble functionality of Catalyst, the leave-one-out test, and activity prediction of an additional test set. The achieved results will allow researchers to use this 3D pharmacophore model for the design and synthesis of a second generation of high affinity sigma(1) ligands, as well as to discover other lead compounds for this class of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zampieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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