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Mezhubeinuo, Mohanta R, Bordoloi H, Verma AK, Bez G. L-proline H 2SO 4 catalyzed synthesis of novel coumarin-based spiroindolino-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones: in vitro cytotoxic assay and molecular docking study. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10878-w. [PMID: 39030285 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Development of environmentally benign catalyst systems, especially those derived from readily available nature's pool, in multicomponent synthesis, consolidates multiple facets of green chemistry. Here, an L-proline derived green acid catalyst in the form of L-proline⋅H2SO4 was developed and employed for multicomponent synthesis of coumarin-based spiroindolino-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones from the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, isatin and urea/thiourea. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies showed that a couple of compounds (M5 and M6) have good cytotoxicity (40-50%) against in Dalton's Lymphoma (DL) cells while demonstrating minimal cytotoxicity (10-12%) for normal non-cancerous cell lines. Molecular docking simulations for the least and most cytotoxic compounds, M3 and M6 respectively, against nineteen tumor target proteins were carried out, and seven of them were identified to test against all the sixteen compounds. Based on the estimated docking score and inhibition constants (Ki), the interaction of the compounds with the tumor target protein, beta-hexosaminidase B (PDB ID: 1NOW) matched closely with in vitro cytotoxicity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mezhubeinuo
- Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Rahul Mohanta
- Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Hemanta Bordoloi
- Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Akalesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, India.
| | - Ghanashyam Bez
- Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
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2
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Singh A, Beg MA, Jamal S, Khan A, Rahman A, Selvapandiyan A, Shafi S, Hoda N. Robust leishmanicidal upshot of some new diphenyl triazine-based molecules. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22587-22597. [PMID: 39021460 PMCID: PMC11253633 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Amongst the neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis alone causes 30 000 deaths annually due to the protozoan parasite genus Leishmania. Existing therapies have serious drawbacks in safety, drug resistance, field-adapted application and cost. Therefore, new safer and shorter treatments are an urgent need of the time. Herein, we report the synthesis of fifteen novel diphenyl triazine and diphenyl triazine pyrimidine derivatives and their antileishmanial properties against Leishmania donovani, that causes fatal visceral leishmaniasis. Most of the synthesized analogues exhibited more than 90% inhibition against the promastigote stage of the parasite. Moreover, compounds T4 and T7 showed potent activity against extracellular promastigote (IC50 = 1.074 μM and IC50 = 1.158 μM) as compared to miltefosine (IC50 = 1.477 μM) and is nontoxic towards the host THP-1 macrophage cell line. Interestingly, compound T4 exhibited significant activity against amastigotes (7.186 μM) and induced the macrophages to prevent the survival of the parasite. Our results indicate that T4 represents a new structural lead for this serious and neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
| | - Mirza Adil Beg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Samra Jamal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Chemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
| | | | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
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3
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Liu Z, Li Y, Fan W, Huang D. Iodine-Mediated Heterocyclization for the Synthesis of 6-Alkylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines from N-Alkylpyridinium Salts and NH 4SCN. J Org Chem 2024; 89:676-680. [PMID: 38113931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An iodine-mediated method for the synthesis of 6-alkylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines by the reaction of N-alkylpyridinium salts and NH4SCN in air is reported. Twenty-seven compounds were obtained under the standard conditions. Pyridinium salts work as benzyl-group transfer reagents to promote the formation of the CBn-SSCN bond and thereby the construction of the triazine skeleton. A plausible mechanism is proposed based on the experimental results and literature survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Deguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fuzhou 350007, China
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4
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Zhong P, Zhang C, Li Y, Su C, Zhang C, Cui DM. Divergent Synthesis of α-(1,3,5-Triazinylthio)-ketones and Thiazolo[3,2- a][1,3,5]triazines from 1,3-Dicarbonyl compounds or Chalcones with 1,3,5-Triazine-2-thiols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14210-14215. [PMID: 37703517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of α-(1,3,5-triazinylthio)-ketones from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with 1,3,5-triazine-2-thiols has been developed. The reaction proceeds through the C-C bond cleavage and C-S bond reconstruction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and β-keto esters, β-keto amides, and 1,3-diones were tolerated. In addition, the annulation of 1,3,5-triazine-2-thiols with chalcones has been achieved for the synthesis of thiazolo[3,2-a][1,3,5]triazines. The method occurred in moderate to good yields and tolerated chalcone with a broad functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengwu Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong-Mei Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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5
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Abinaya R, Srinath S, Soundarya S, Sridhar R, Balasubramanian KK, Baskar B. Recent Developments on Synthesis Strategies, SAR Studies and Biological Activities of β-Carboline Derivatives – An Update. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Parveen S, Premkumar T, Nguyen HH, Govindarajan S. A facile one-pot synthesis of a new 3,7-diethyl-1H- [1,2,4]triazino [4,3-b] [1,2,4]triazine-4,8-dione: Structural, thermal, and photoluminescent properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Recent Progress in the Development of Indole-Based Compounds Active against Malaria, Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010319. [PMID: 35011552 PMCID: PMC8746838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human protozoan diseases represent a serious health problem worldwide, affecting mainly people in social and economic vulnerability. These diseases have attracted little investment in drug discovery, which is reflected in the limited available therapeutic arsenal. Authorized drugs present problems such as low efficacy in some stages of the disease or toxicity, which result in undesirable side effects and treatment abandonment. Moreover, the emergence of drug-resistant parasite strains makes necessary an even greater effort to develop safe and effective antiparasitic agents. Among the chemotypes investigated for parasitic diseases, the indole nucleus has emerged as a privileged molecular scaffold for the generation of new drug candidates. In this review, the authors provide an overview of the indole-based compounds developed against important parasitic diseases, namely malaria, trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis, by focusing on the design, optimization and synthesis of the most relevant synthetic indole scaffolds recently reported.
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Shokoohian M, Hazeri N, Maghsoodlou MT, Lashkari M. Design and Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activities of 1,2,4-Triazine Derivatives as Representation of a New Hetrocyclic System. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1712439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shokoohian
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Nourallah Hazeri
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Malek Taher Maghsoodlou
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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9
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Tandi M, Sundriyal S. Recent trends in the design of antimicrobial agents using Ugi-multicomponent reaction. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Oruma US, Ukoha PO, Uzoewulu CP, Ndefo JC, Ugwuoke SC, Ukwueze NN, Eze TE, Ekowo LC, Eze FU, Chinaegbomkpa UV, Okafor SN, Ezeorah CJ. Synthesis, Biological and In Silico Studies of a Tripodal Schiff Base Derived from 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine and Its Trinuclear Dy(III), Er(III), and Gd(III) Salen Capped Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144379. [PMID: 34299654 PMCID: PMC8304507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A tripodal Schiff base ligand, 2,4,6-Tris(4-carboxybenzimino)-1,3,5-triazine (MT) and its trinuclear Dy(III), Er(III), and Gd(III) complexes were synthesized. These were characterized using UV-visible, IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and molar conductivity measurements. The spectral studies indicate that the ligand is hexadentate and coordinates to the Ln(III) ions through the oxygen atoms of the carboxylic group. The trinuclear complexes were characterized as being bridged by carboxylate anions to the Dy(III), Er(III), and Gd(III) salen centers and displaying a coordination number of six. Biological studies revealed that MT is more active against the test micro-organisms relative to the trinuclear complexes. Acute toxicity studies revealed that MT is safe and has a wide range of effective doses (ED50). In vivo antimalarial studies indicate that MT could serve as an effective antimalarial agent since it has parasitemia inhibition of 84.02% at 50 mg/kg and 65.81% at 25 mg/kg, close to the value (87.22%) of the standard drug—Artesunate. Molecular docking simulation studies on the compounds against SARS-CoV-2 (6Y84) and E. coli DNA gyrase (5MMN) revealed effective binding interactions through multiple bonding modes. The binding energy calculated for Er(III)MT-6Y84 and Er(III)MT-5MMN complexes showed active molecules with the ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and E. coli DNA gyrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu Susan Oruma
- Coordination Chemistry and Inorganic Pharmaceuticals Unit, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (U.S.O.); (P.O.U.)
| | - Pius Oziri Ukoha
- Coordination Chemistry and Inorganic Pharmaceuticals Unit, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (U.S.O.); (P.O.U.)
| | - Chiamaka Peace Uzoewulu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (C.P.U.); (N.N.U.); (T.E.E.); (L.C.E.); (F.U.E.); (U.V.C.)
| | - Joseph Chinedum Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | | | - Nkechinyere Nwanneka Ukwueze
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (C.P.U.); (N.N.U.); (T.E.E.); (L.C.E.); (F.U.E.); (U.V.C.)
| | - Tochukwu Emmanuella Eze
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (C.P.U.); (N.N.U.); (T.E.E.); (L.C.E.); (F.U.E.); (U.V.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Lilian Chinenye Ekowo
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (C.P.U.); (N.N.U.); (T.E.E.); (L.C.E.); (F.U.E.); (U.V.C.)
| | - Florence Uchenna Eze
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (C.P.U.); (N.N.U.); (T.E.E.); (L.C.E.); (F.U.E.); (U.V.C.)
| | - Uchenna Vivian Chinaegbomkpa
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (C.P.U.); (N.N.U.); (T.E.E.); (L.C.E.); (F.U.E.); (U.V.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri 460114, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Nwankwo Okafor
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (S.N.O.); (C.J.E.); Tel.: +234-803-655-6699 (S.N.O.); +234-703-299-6667 (C.J.E.)
| | - Chigozie Julius Ezeorah
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (C.P.U.); (N.N.U.); (T.E.E.); (L.C.E.); (F.U.E.); (U.V.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.O.); (C.J.E.); Tel.: +234-803-655-6699 (S.N.O.); +234-703-299-6667 (C.J.E.)
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11
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Ivanov SM, Koltun DS. Synthesis and transformations of 4-phenylethynyl- and 4-styrylpyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Synthesis, in silico, in vitro and in vivo evaluations of isatin aroylhydrazones as highly potent anticonvulsant agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104943. [PMID: 33964578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of new isatin aroylhydrazones (5a-e and 6a-e) was synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activities. The (Z)-configuration of compounds was confirmed by 1H NMR. In vivo studies using maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) models of epilepsy in mice revealed that while most of compounds had no effect on chemically-induced seizures at the higher dose of 100 mg/kg but showed significant protection against electrically-induced seizures at the lower dose of 5 mg/kg. Certainly, N-methyl analogs 6a and 6e were found to be the most effective compounds, displaying 100% protection at the dose of 5 mg/kg. Protein binding and lipophilicity(logP) of the selected compounds (6a and 6e) were also determined experimentally. In silico evaluations of title compounds showed acceptable ADME parameters, and drug-likeness properties. Distance mapping and docking of the selected compounds with different targets proposed the possible action of them on VGSCs and GABAA receptors. The cytotoxicity evaluation of 6a and 6e against SH-SY5Y and Hep-G2 cell lines indicated safety profile of compounds on the neuronal and hepatic cells.
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13
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Singh S, Mandal MK, Masih A, Saha A, Ghosh SK, Bhat HR, Singh UP. 1,3,5-Triazine: A versatile pharmacophore with diverse biological activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000363. [PMID: 33760298 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-Triazine and its derivatives have been the epicenter of chemotherapeutic molecules due to their effective biological activities, such as antibacterial, fungicidal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiamoebic, and antitubercular activities. The present review represents a summarized report of the crucial biological activities possessed by substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives, with special attention to the most potent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan K Mandal
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Masih
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Surajit K Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Bawazir WA, Alnajjar DK. Regioselective Synthesis of Some 3-Thioxo-8-Nitro-(2H)-1,2,4-Triazino[5,6-b]Indole Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activity. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1852585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafa A. Bawazir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniyah K. Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Izmest'ev AN, Kim NA, Karnoukhova VA, Kolotyrkina NG, Kravchenko AN, Gazieva GA. Cascade of Michael Addition/Retro‐Michael Reaction/Skeletal Rearrangement in the Synthesis of Arylmethylidene Derivatives of Imidazothiazolotriazines. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei N. Izmest'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Nikita A. Kim
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia 9 Miusskaya Sq. 125047 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Valentina A. Karnoukhova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement CompoundsRussian Academy of Sciences 28 Vavilova Str. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Natalya G. Kolotyrkina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Angelina N. Kravchenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Academic Department of Chemistry and PhisicsPlekhanov Russian University of Economics 36 Stremyanny lane 117997 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Galina A. Gazieva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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Sengupta A, Maity S, Mondal A, Ghosh P, Rudra S, Mukhopadhyay C. Pseudo five component reaction towards densely functionalized spiro[indole-3,2'-pyrrole] by picric acid, an efficient syn-diastereoselective catalyst: insight into the diastereoselection on C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) axial conformation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1254-1265. [PMID: 30656313 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A new series of highly-functionalized spiro compounds of pyrrole were synthesized by a one pot, step-economic condensation of isatin, arylamine and β-keto ester catalyzed by wet picric acid. Initially, the reaction was proposed with an expectation of the formation of a multi-spiro heterocyclic framework of highly-substituted piperidine. However, the isomeric compound was characterized to be a five-membered pyrrole derivative with a diverse scope of variations having different types of substituents in the three components respectively. The possibility of formation of various diastereomers around the hindered single bond and the spiro carbon was limited, as only syn products syn-60 and syn-60' were isolated in all the reactions performed under the standard conditions. Probably the reactions were mediated by the si-facial formation of the bonds in a picric acid stabilized charge transfer complex transition state. Also, the manner a molecule achieves the most stabilized energy minimized arrangement with all its substituents in space was studied by DFT calculations where syn-60 was more stable than syn-60'. The studies on the formation of syn-60 and syn-60' were carried out by variation of electronic and steric factors in each of the components of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
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17
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Herrera Acevedo C, Scotti L, Alves MF, de F.F.M. Diniz M, Tullius Scotti M. Hybrid Compounds in the Search for Alternative Chemotherapeutic Agents against Neglected Tropical Diseases. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666180402123057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than a billion people worldwide, mainly
populations living in poverty conditions. More than 56% of annual NTD deaths are caused by
Leishmaniasis, Sleeping sickness, and Chagas disease. For these three diseases, many problems have
been observed with the chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used, these being mainly resistance, high
toxicity, and low efficacy. In the search for alternative treatments, hybridization is an interesting approach,
which generates new molecules by merging two pharmacophores and then looking for improvements
in biological activity or reduced compound toxicity. Here, we review various studies that
present such hybrid molecules with promising in vitro and in vivo activities against Leishmania and
Trypanosoma parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonny Herrera Acevedo
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Mateus F. Alves
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Margareth de F.F.M. Diniz
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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18
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Gupta P, Singh L, Singh K. The hybrid antimalarial approach. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Althagafi II, Abouzied AS, Farghaly TA, Al-Qurashi NT, Alfaifi MY, Shaaban MR, Abdel Aziz MR. Novel Nano-sizedbis-indoline Derivatives as Antitumor Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail I. Althagafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Al mukkarramah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr S. Abouzied
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Cairo Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; University of Hail; Hail Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thoraya A. Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Cairo; Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Nadia T. Al-Qurashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Al mukkarramah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science; King Khalid University; Abha 9004 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R. Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Al mukkarramah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Cairo; Giza 12613 Egypt
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20
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Baréa P, Barbosa VA, Bidóia DL, de Paula JC, Stefanello TF, da Costa WF, Nakamura CV, Sarragiotto MH. Synthesis, antileishmanial activity and mechanism of action studies of novel β-carboline-1,3,5-triazine hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:579-590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Güleç Ö, Arslan M, Gencer N, Ergun A, Bilen C, Arslan O. Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties of new spiroindoline-substituted sulphonamide compounds. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:306-312. [PMID: 28562072 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1332651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
New spiroindoline-substituted sulphonamide compounds were synthesised and their inhibitory effects on the activity of purified human carbonic anhydrase I and II were evaluated. Human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA-I and hCA-II) were purified from erythrocyte cells by affinity chromatography. The inhibitory effects of the 14 synthesised sulphonamides (6a-n) on esterase activities of these isoenzymes were studied in vitro. In relation to these activities, the inhibition equilibrium constants (Ki) were determined. The results showed that all the synthesised compounds inhibited the carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzyme activity. Among them, 6b was found to be the most active (Ki: 0.042 μM) for hCA I and 6a (Ki: 0.151 μM) for hCA II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Güleç
- a Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department , Sakarya University , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- a Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department , Sakarya University , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Nahit Gencer
- b Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department , Balikesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
| | - Adem Ergun
- b Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department , Balikesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
| | - Cigdem Bilen
- b Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department , Balikesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
| | - Oktay Arslan
- b Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department , Balikesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
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22
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Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang H. Synthesis of New tert
-Butyl- and Bromo-functionalized [1,2,4]Triazino [5,6- b
]indole-3-thiols and Indolo[2,3- b
]quinoxalines. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals; Bohai University; Jinzhou 121000 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals; Bohai University; Jinzhou 121000 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals; Bohai University; Jinzhou 121000 China
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23
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Arshad M, Bhat AR, Hoi KK, Choi I, Athar F. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial screening of some novel 1,2,4-triazine derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Yerien DE, Barata-Vallejo S, Camps B, Cristófalo AE, Cano ME, Uhrig ML, Postigo A. Electron-catalyzed radical perfluoroalkylation of organic sulfides: the serendipitous use of the TMEDA/I2 complex as a radical initiator. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00236j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The (TMEDA)I·I3 complex as a new radical initiator for the perfluoroalkylation of RSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Yerien
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- CP 1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - S. Barata-Vallejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- CP 1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - B. Camps
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- CP 1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - A. E. Cristófalo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Buenos Aires
| | - M. E. Cano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Buenos Aires
| | - M. L. Uhrig
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Buenos Aires
| | - A. Postigo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- CP 1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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25
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ElKalyoubi S, Fayed E. Synthesis and Evaluation of Antitumour Activities of Novel Fused Tri- and Tetracyclic Uracil Derivatives. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14798125870610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple one-pot syntheses of indenopyrrolopyrimidines and indolopyrrolopyrimidines were achieved via the cyclocondensation of 6-aminouracils and, respectively, ninhydrin and isatin in the presence of catalytic amounts of glacial acetic acid. Similarly, 5,6-diaminouracil derivatives were used as starting materials for the synthesis of indenopteridines and indolopteridines via their reaction with ninhydrin and isatin, respectively. The synthesised compounds were evaluated for antitumour activity against a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2), some showing antitumour activity comparable with 5-fluorouracil and imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar ElKalyoubi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Fayed
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Antileishmanial activity of new thiophene–indole hybrids: Design, synthesis, biological and cytotoxic evaluation, and chemometric studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3972-3977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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El-Sonbati A, Diab M, El-Bindary A, Abou-Dobara M, Seyam H. Molecular docking, DNA binding, thermal studies and antimicrobial activities of Schiff base complexes. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Hassan AA, Mohamed SK, Abdel-Latif FF, Mostafa SM, Abdel-Aziz M, Mague JT, Akkurt M, Bräse S, Nieger M. (Substituted Ylidene)Amino-2-Oxo-Indolylidene Thioureas and Bis(2-Oxo-Indolylidene)Urea from (Ylidene)Thiocarbonohydrazides and Isatylidene Malononitrile. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A. Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Minia University; El-Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Shaaban K. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Minia University; El-Minia 61519 Egypt
- Chemistry and Environmental Division; Manchester Metropolitan University; Manchester M1 5GD England
| | - Fathy F. Abdel-Latif
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Minia University; El-Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Sara M. Mostafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Minia University; El-Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Minia University; 61519 El-Minia Egypt
| | - Joel T. Mague
- Department of Chemistry; Tulane University; New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Mehmet Akkurt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences; Erciyes University; 38039 Kayseri Turkey
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1) 00014 Helsinki Finland
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29
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Identification of a diverse indole-2-carboxamides as a potent antileishmanial chemotypes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:237-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Tunç T, Karacan MS, Ertabaklar H, Sarı M, Karacan N, Büyükgüngör O. Antimony(III) complexes with 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidines: Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2015; 153:206-14. [PMID: 26427018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Novel pyrimidine compound bearing disulfide bridge, 5,5'-disulfanediylbis(2-amino-4,6-dimetoxypyrimidine) (3) was synthesized by reduction of 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxy-5-thiocyanatopyrimidine for the first time, and its structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Novel binuclear antimony(III) compound of (3), {Sb[5,5'-disulfanediylbis(2-amino-4,6-dimetoxypyrimidine)]Cl3}2 (4) and mononuclear antimony(III) compounds, SbL2Cl3, [L: 2-amino-5-thiol-4,6-dimethoxy pyrimidine (2) and 2-amino-5-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylthio)-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (6)] were synthesized and characterized with the help of elemental analysis, molecular conductivity, FT-IR, (1)H-NMR and LC-MS techniques. The geometrical structures optimized by a DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ method of the compounds, indicated that monomeric compounds have square pyramidal shape. Both antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigote and glutathione reductase inhibitory activity were determined in vitro. The results showed that (3) has the best biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgay Tunç
- Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Engineering-Architecture, Departmant of Chemistry and Process Engineering, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | | | - Hatice Ertabaklar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Musa Sarı
- Department of Physics Education, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Karacan
- Gazi University, Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Büyükgüngör
- Adnan Menderes University, Medicine Faculty, Parasitology Department, Aydin, Turkey
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31
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First synthesis of tert-butyl-substituted [1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole-3-thiols and indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Siddiqui IR, Srivastava A, Rai P, Srivastava A, Srivastava A. Catalyst-Free Convergent Approach for the Synthesis of Spiro[imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-7,3′-indoline. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. R. Siddiqui
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad Uttar Pradesh 211002 India
| | - Anushree Srivastava
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad Uttar Pradesh 211002 India
| | - Pragati Rai
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad Uttar Pradesh 211002 India
| | - Arjita Srivastava
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad Uttar Pradesh 211002 India
| | - Anjali Srivastava
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad Uttar Pradesh 211002 India
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33
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Singla P, Luxami V, Paul K. Triazine as a promising scaffold for its versatile biological behavior. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:39-57. [PMID: 26241876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among all heterocycles, the triazine scaffold occupies a prominent position, possessing a broad range of biological activities. Triazine is found in many potent biologically active molecules with promising biological potential like anti-inflammatory, anti-mycobacterial, anti-viral, anti-cancer etc. which makes it an attractive scaffold for the design and development of new drugs. The wide spectrum of biological activity of this moiety has attracted attention in the field of medicinal chemistry. Due to these biological activities, their structure-activity relationship has generated interest among medicinal chemists and this has culminated in the discovery of several lead molecules. The outstanding development of triazine derivatives in diverse diseases within very short span of time proves its magnitude for medicinal chemistry research. Therefore, these compounds have been synthesized as target structure by many researchers, and were further evaluated for their biological activities. In this review, we have compiled and discussed the biological potential of s-triazine derivatives, which could provide a low-height flying bird's eye view of the triazine derived compounds to a medicinal chemist, for a comprehensive and target oriented information for the development of clinically viable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinka Singla
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala 147004, India.
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34
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Abstract
This review summarizes recent reports on s-triazine and its respective analogs from the medicinal chemistry angle. Due to its high reactivity and binding characteristic towards various enzymes, s-triazine has attracted attention. This is combined with facile synthesis and interesting pharmacology. The triazine class demonstrates wide biological applications - including antimicrobial, antituberculosis, anticancer, antiviral and antimalarial. In this article the library of s-triazine-based molecular designs has been collated with respective bioactivity. Compounds are further compared with other heterocyclic/nontriazine moieties to correlate the efficiency of privileged s-triazine. We hope this article may assist chemists in their drug design and discovery efforts.
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35
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Hussain H, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Green IR, Gibbons S. Fruitful decade for antileishmanial compounds from 2002 to late 2011. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10369-428. [PMID: 25253511 DOI: 10.1021/cr400552x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa , P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
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36
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Sharma V, Chitranshi N, Agarwal AK. Significance and biological importance of pyrimidine in the microbial world. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:202784. [PMID: 25383216 PMCID: PMC4207407 DOI: 10.1155/2014/202784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbes are unique creatures that adapt to varying lifestyles and environment resistance in extreme or adverse conditions. The genetic architecture of microbe may bear a significant signature not only in the sequences position, but also in the lifestyle to which it is adapted. It becomes a challenge for the society to find new chemical entities which can treat microbial infections. The present review aims to focus on account of important chemical moiety, that is, pyrimidine and its various derivatives as antimicrobial agents. In the current studies we represent more than 200 pyrimidines as antimicrobial agents with different mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted classes along with in vitro antimicrobial activities of pyrimidines derivatives which can facilitate the development of more potent and effective antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Lloyd Institute of Management & Technology, Plot. No. 11, Knowledge Park II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Bioinformatics Centre, Biotech Park, Sector G, Jankipuram, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226021, India
- Gautam Buddh Technical University, IET Campus, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226021, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
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37
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Triazino indole-quinoline hybrid: a novel approach to antileishmanial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:298-301. [PMID: 24314395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 1,2,4-triazino-[5,6b]indole-3-thione covalently linked to 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activity against extracellular promastigote and intracellular amastigote form of Leishmania donovani. Among all tested compounds, compounds 7a and 7b were found to be the most active with IC50 values 1.11, 0.36μM and selectivity index (SI) values 67, >1111, respectively, against amastigote form of L. donovani which is several folds more potent than the standard drugs, miltefosine (IC50=8.10μM, SI=7) and sodium stibo-gluconate (IC50=54.60μM, SI⩾7).
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38
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Sharma M, Chauhan K, Shivahare R, Vishwakarma P, Suthar MK, Sharma A, Gupta S, Saxena JK, Lal J, Chandra P, Kumar B, Chauhan PMS. Discovery of a new class of natural product-inspired quinazolinone hybrid as potent antileishmanial agents. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4374-92. [PMID: 23611626 DOI: 10.1021/jm400053v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The high potential of quinazolinone containing natural products and their derivatives in medicinal chemistry led us to discover four novel series of 53 compounds of quinazolinone based on the concept of molecular hybridization. Most of the synthesized analogues exhibited potent leishmanicidal activity against intracellular amastigotes (IC50 from 0.65 ± 0.2 to 7.76 ± 2.1 μM) as compared to miltefosine (IC50 = 8.4 ± 2.1 μM) and nontoxic toward the J-774A.1 cell line and Vero cells. Moreover, activation of Th1 type and suppression of Th2 type immune responses and induction in nitric oxide generation proved that 8a and 8g induce murine macrophages to prevent survival of parasites. Compounds 8a and 8g exhibited significant in vivo inhibition of parasite 73.15 ± 12.69% and 80.93 ± 10.50% against Leishmania donovani /hamster model. Our results indicate that compounds 8a, 8g, and 9f represent a new structural lead for this serious and neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moni Sharma
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, U.P., India
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39
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Tyagi V, Khan S, Shivahare R, Srivastava K, Gupta S, Kidwai S, Srivastava K, Puri S, Chauhan PM. A natural product inspired hybrid approach towards the synthesis of novel pentamidine based scaffolds as potential anti-parasitic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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Upadhyay K, Manvar A, Loddo R, Colla PL, Virsodiya V, Trivedi J, Chaniyara R, Shah A. Syntheses and in vitro biological screening of 1-aryl-10H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3′,4′:3,4][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indoles. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Abu-Melha S. Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and spectroscopic characterization of novel imidazolone, triazole and triazinone derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 96:898-905. [PMID: 22796528 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of 2-phenyl-4-arylmethylene-2-oxazolin-5-ones (1a, b) and 2-phenyl-4-arylazo-2-oxazolin-5-ones (8a, b) with p-aminoazobenzene derivatives (2a-c) gave the corresponding imidazolone derivatives (4a-f) and triazole derivatives (10a-f), respectively. Also, the reaction of 1a with o-aminophenol to give the imidazolone derivative 5 was studied. The reaction of 1a with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine gave the corresponding 1,2,4-triazine derivatives 14a-c, respectively. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and in vitro antifungal potential against Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis fabae fungal strains. The results revealed that the investigated compounds exhibited antibacterial and a significant antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraa Abu-Melha
- Faculty of Science of Girls, King Khaled University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
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42
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Chemoenzymatic synthesis and biological evaluation of 2- and 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives against Leishmania mexicana. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4614-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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43
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Wani MY, Bhat AR, Azam A, Choi I, Athar F. Probing the antiamoebic and cytotoxicity potency of novel tetrazole and triazine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 48:313-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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