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Synthesis and biological evaluation of antibacterial activity of novel clarithromycin derivatives incorporating 1,2,3-triazole moieties at the 4''- and 11-OH positions. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:106020. [PMID: 35841669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is still one of the diseases that threaten human health, and bacterial drug resistance is widespread worldwide. As a result, their eradication now largely relies on antibacterial drug discovery. Here, we reveal a novel approach to the development of 14-membered macrolide antibiotics by describing the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel clarithromycin derivatives incorporating 1,2,3-triazole moieties at the 4''- and 11-OH positions. Using chemical synthesis, 35 clarithromycin derivatives were prepared, and their antibacterial properties were profiled. We found that compounds 8e-8h, 8l-8o, 8v, and 19d were as potent as azithromycin against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212. Furthermore, compounds 8c, 8d, 8n, and 8o showed slightly improved antibacterial activity (2-fold) against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC19606 when compared with azithromycin and clarithromycin. In addition, compounds 8e, 8f, 8h, 8l, and 8v exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300, Staphylococcus aureus PR, and Streptococcus pneumoniae ER-2. These compounds were generally 64- to 128-fold more active than azithromycin, and 32- to 128-fold more active than clarithromycin. The results of molecular docking indicated that compound 8f may bind to the nucleotide residue A752 through hydrogen-bonding, hydrophobic, electrostatic, or π-π stacking interactions. The predicted ClogP data suggested that higher values of ClogP (>6.65) enhanced the antibacterial activity of compounds such as 8e, 8f, 8h, 8l, and 8v. The determination of the minimum bactericidal concentration showed that most of the tested compounds were bacteriostatic agents. From this study of bactericidal kinetics, we can conclude that compound 8f had a concentration- and time-dependent effect on the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300. Finally, the results of the cytotoxicity assay showed that compound 8f exhibited no toxicity at the effective antibacterial concentration.
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Cools F, Delputte P, Cos P. The search for novel treatment strategies for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6064299. [PMID: 33399826 PMCID: PMC8371276 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the most important novel treatment strategies against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections published over the past 10 years. The pneumococcus causes the majority of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia cases, and it is one of the prime pathogens in bacterial meningitis. Over the last 10 years, extensive research has been conducted to prevent severe pneumococcal infections, with a major focus on (i) boosting the host immune system and (ii) discovering novel antibacterials. Boosting the immune system can be done in two ways, either by actively modulating host immunity, mostly through administration of selective antibodies, or by interfering with pneumococcal virulence factors, thereby supporting the host immune system to effectively overcome an infection. While several of such experimental therapies are promising, few have evolved to clinical trials. The discovery of novel antibacterials is hampered by the high research and development costs versus the relatively low revenues for the pharmaceutical industry. Nevertheless, novel enzymatic assays and target-based drug design, allow the identification of targets and the development of novel molecules to effectively treat this life-threatening pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cools
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P Delputte
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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3
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Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 11,12-cyclic carbonate 4″-O-aralkylacetylhydrazineacyl azithromycin derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103475. [PMID: 31791683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two series of novel 4″-O-aralkylacetylhydrazineacyl azithromycin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities. Among them, compound B4, B5, B13 and B18 were found to display significantly improved activity than control drugs (MIC > 128 μg/mL) against methicillin-resistant strain S. aureus ATCC 43,300 with an MIC value 2-4 μg/mL. Remarkably, compound B5 and B13 showed potent activity against penicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC31007 (MIC = 4 μg/mL) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43,300 (MIC = 2 μg/mL).
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Janas A, Przybylski P. 14- and 15-membered lactone macrolides and their analogues and hybrids: structure, molecular mechanism of action and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Zhao ZH, Zhu D, Zhang XX, Luo ZG, Lei PS. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel 4″- O-desosaminyl clarithromycin derivatives with 11, 12-arylalkyl side chains. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:610-618. [PMID: 29665718 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1462341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 4″-O-desosaminyl clarithromycin derivatives with 11, 12-arylalkyl side chains was synthesized by coupling 6-deoxy-desosamine donors (18, 19) with 4″-OH of compounds 5a-c. The activities of the target compounds were tested against a series of macrolide-sensitive and macrolide-resistant pathogens. Some of them showed activities against macrolide sensitive and resistant pathogens, and compounds 21d and 21e displayed significant improvement of activities against resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Hui Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Di Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Zhi-Gang Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Ping-Sheng Lei
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
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6
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Park JW, Yoon YJ. Recent advances in the discovery and combinatorial biosynthesis of microbial 14-membered macrolides and macrolactones. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 46:445-458. [PMID: 30415291 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrolides, especially 14-membered macrolides, are a valuable group of antibiotics that originate from various microorganisms. In addition to their antibacterial activity, newly discovered 14-membered macrolides exhibit other therapeutic potentials, such as anti-proliferative and anti-protistal activities. Combinatorial biosynthetic approaches will allow us to create structurally diversified macrolide analogs, which are especially important during the emerging post-antibiotic era. This review focuses on recent advances in the discovery of new 14-membered macrolides (also including macrolactones) from microorganisms and the current status of combinatorial biosynthetic approaches, including polyketide synthase (PKS) and post-PKS tailoring pathways, and metabolic engineering for improved production together with heterologous production of 14-membered macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Won Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Joon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Wang Y, Cong C, Chai WC, Dong R, Jia L, Song D, Zhou Z, Ma S. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 4″-O-(1-aralkyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-methyl-carbamoyl) azithromycin analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3872-3877. [PMID: 28655423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three novel structural series of 4″-O-(1-aralkyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-methyl-carbamoyl) azithromycin analogs were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. All the target compounds exhibited excellent activity against erythromycin-susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes, and significantly improved activity against three phenotypes of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae compared with clarithromycin and azithromycin. Among the three series of azithromycin analogs, the novel series of 11,4″-disubstituted azithromycin analogs 9a-k exhibited the most effective and balanced activity against susceptible and resistant bacteria. Among them, compound 9j showed the most potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (0.008µg/mL) and Streptococcus pyogenes R2 (1µg/mL). Besides, all the 11,4″-disubstituted azithromycin analogs 9a-k except 9f shared the identical activity with the MIC value <0.002µg/mL against Streptococcus pyogenes S2. Furthermore, compounds 9g, 9h, 9j and 9k displayed significantly improved activity compared with the references against all the three phenotypes of resistant S. pneumoniae. Particularly, compound 9k was the most effective (0.06, 0.03 and 0.125µg/mL) against all the erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae expressing the erm gene, the mef gene and the erm and mef genes, exhibiting 2133, 133 and 2048-fold more potent activity than azithromycin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chao Cong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wern Chern Chai
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Ruiqian Dong
- Maternity and Child Care Centre of Jinan, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Di Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ziteng Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China.
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Synthesis of 4″-O-desosaminyl clarithromycin derivatives and their anti-bacterial activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6274-9. [PMID: 24139585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 4″-O-desosaminyl clarithromycin derivatives were designed and synthesized. The efficient synthesis routes of 6-deoxy-desosamine donors 8 and 11 were developed and the methodology of glycosylation of clarithromycin 4″-OH with desosamine was studied. The activities of the target compounds were tested against a series of macrolide-sensitive and macrolide-resistant pathogens. Some of them showed activities against macrolide sensitive pathogens, and compounds 19 and 22 displayed significant improvement of activities against sensitive pathogens and two strains of MRSE, which verified the importance of desosamine in the interaction of macrolide and its receptor, and offered valuable information of the SAR of macrolide 4″-OH derivatives.
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9
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Li X, Ma S, Yan M, Wang Y, Ma S. Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of novel 11,4″-disubstituted azithromycin analogs with greatly improved activity against erythromycin-resistant bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 59:209-17. [PMID: 23229056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 11,4″-disubstituted azithromycin analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity. All the 11,4″-disubstituted analogs exhibited excellent activity (0.03-0.12 μg/ml) against erythromycin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, and significantly improved activity against three phenotypes of erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae compared with erythromycin A, clarithromycin or azithromycin. Among them, compounds 26-28 showed the most potent activity (0.25, 0.03 and 2 μg/ml) against S. pneumoniae expressing the erm gene, the mef gene and the erm and mef genes, respectively. In addition, compound 28 was the most effective (0.03 and 0.12 μg/ml) against erythromycin-susceptible S. pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus as well. It is noteworthy that the most active compounds described above possess the same terminal 3,5-dinitrophenyl groups on their C-4″ bisamide side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
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10
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Sugimoto T, Tanikawa T, Suzuki K, Yamasaki Y. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of a novel class of 15-membered macrolide antibiotics known as ‘11a-azalides’. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5787-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Ma X, Zhang L, Wang R, Cao J, Liu C, Fang Y, Wang J, Ma S. Novel C-4'' modified azithromycin analogs with remarkably enhanced activity against erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5196-205. [PMID: 21855183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three novel structural series of C-4'' modified azithromycin analogs with two amide groups, which were connected by different alkyl linkage, were designed, prepared and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against seven phenotypes of respiratory pathogens. Among them, 7d, 8j and 9j, as representatives of corresponding series, exhibited remarkably improved activity against erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae expressing the erm gene, the mef gene, and the erm and mef genes. In addition, 7a-c, 7f-h, 7j, 8d, 8g, 8i, 9a-b and 9i displayed favorable efficacy against erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae A22072 expressing the mef gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
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