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Gulia K, Hassan AHE, Lenhard JR, Farahat AA. Escaping ESKAPE resistance: in vitro and in silico studies of multifunctional carbamimidoyl-tethered indoles against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230020. [PMID: 37090961 PMCID: PMC10113819 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Combining the hybridization and repurposing strategies, six compounds from our in-house library and having a designed hybrid structure of MBX-1162, pentamidine and MMV688271 were repurposed as potential antibacterial agents. Among, compounds 1a and 1d elicited potential sub-µg ml-1 activity against the high-priority antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive members of ESKAPE bacteria as well as antibiotic-susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, they showed potential low µg ml-1 activity against the explored critical-priority antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative members of ESKAPE bacteria. In time-kill assay, compound 1a has effective 0.5 and 0.25 µg ml-1 antibacterial lethal concentrations against MRSA in exponential growth phase. In silico investigations predicted compounds 1a and 1d as inhibitors of the open conformation of undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase involved in bacterial isoprenoid synthesis. In addition, compounds 1a and 1d were predicted as inhibitors of NADPH-free but not NADPH-bound form of ketol-acid reductoisomerase and may also serve as potential B-DNA minor groove binders with possible differences in the molecular sequence recognition. Overall, compounds 1a and 1d are presented as multifunctional potential antibacterial agents for further development against high- and critical-priority Gram-positive and Gram-negative antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE bacterial pathogens as well as antibiotic-susceptible Gram-positive bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Gulia
- Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, California Northstate University, 9700 W Taron Dr., Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 W Taron Dr., Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Ahmed H. E. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Justin R. Lenhard
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Abdelbasset A. Farahat
- Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, California Northstate University, 9700 W Taron Dr., Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Hassan AHE, Mahmoud K, Phan TN, Shaldam MA, Lee CH, Kim YJ, Cho SB, Bayoumi WA, El-Sayed SM, Choi Y, Moon S, No JH, Lee YS. Bestatin analogs-4-quinolinone hybrids as antileishmanial hits: Design, repurposing rational, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115211. [PMID: 36827952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Amongst different forms of leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani is highly mortal. Identification of new hit compounds might afford new starting points to develop novel therapeutics. In this lieu, a rationally designed small library of bestatin analogs-4-quinolone hybrids were prepared and evaluated. Analysis of SAR unveiled distinct profiles for hybrids type 1 and type 2, which might arise from their different molecular targets. Amongst type 1 bestatin analog-4-quinolone hybrids, hybrid 1e was identified as potential hit inhibiting growth of L. donovani promastigotes by 91 and 53% at 50 and 25 μM concentrations, respectively. Meanwhile, hybrid 2j was identified amongst type 2 bestatin analog-4-quinolone hybrids as potential hit compound inhibiting growth of L. donovani promastigotes by 50 and 38% at 50 and 25 μM concentrations, respectively. Preliminary safety evaluation of the promising hit compounds showed that they are 50-100 folds safer against human derived monocytic THP-1 cells relative to the drug erufosine. In silico study was conducted to predict the possible binding of hybrid 1e with methionine aminopeptidases 1 and 2 of L. donovani. Molecular dynamic simulations verified the predicted binding modes and provide more in depth understanding of the impact of hybrid 1e on LdMetAP-1 and LdMetAP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kazem Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Trong-Nhat Phan
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Chae Hyeon Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bin Cho
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Waleed A Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Selwan M El-Sayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Yeonwoo Choi
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Moon
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan No
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Jonathan Nué-Martinez J, Cisneros D, Dardonville C. Methyl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyridine-2-carbimidothioate: a New Reagent for the Synthesis of N-phenylpyridinecarboxamidine (“arylimidamide”) DNA-minor groove binders from Poorly Nucleophilic Amines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 74:128926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bistrović A, Krstulović L, Stolić I, Drenjančević D, Talapko J, Taylor MC, Kelly JM, Bajić M, Raić-Malić S. Synthesis, anti-bacterial and anti-protozoal activities of amidinobenzimidazole derivatives and their interactions with DNA and RNA. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1323-1334. [PMID: 30165753 PMCID: PMC6127852 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1484733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amidinobenzimidazole derivatives connected to 1-aryl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole through phenoxymethylene linkers 7a-7e, 8a-8e, and 9a-9e were designed and synthesised with the aim of evaluating their anti-bacterial and anti-trypanosomal activities and DNA/RNA binding affinity. Results from anti-bacterial evaluations of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria revealed that both o-chlorophenyl-1,2,3-triazole and N-isopropylamidine moieties in 8c led to strong inhibitory activity against resistant Gram-positive bacteria, particularly the MRSA strain. Furthermore, the non-substituted amidine and phenyl ring in 7a induced a marked anti-bacterial effect, with potency against ESBL-producing Gram-negative E. coli better than those of the antibiotics ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. UV-Vis and CD spectroscopy, as well as thermal denaturation assays, indicated that compounds 7a and 8c showed also binding affinities towards ctDNA. Anti-trypanosomal evaluations showed that the p-methoxyphenyl-1,2,3-triazole moiety in 7b and 9b enhanced inhibitory activity against T. brucei, with 8b being more potent than nifurtimox, and having minimal toxicity towards mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bistrović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Krstulović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Stolić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drenjančević
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Talapko
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martin C. Taylor
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - John M. Kelly
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Miroslav Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Antileishmanial Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of DB766-Azole Combinations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 62:AAC.01129-17. [PMID: 29061761 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01129-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the limitations of current antileishmanial drugs and the utility of oral combination therapy for other infections, developing an oral combination against visceral leishmaniasis should be a high priority. In vitro combination studies with DB766 and antifungal azoles against intracellular Leishmania donovani showed that posaconazole and ketoconazole, but not fluconazole, enhanced DB766 potency. Pharmacokinetic analysis of DB766-azole combinations in uninfected Swiss Webster mice revealed that DB766 exposure was increased by higher posaconazole and ketoconazole doses, while DB766 decreased ketoconazole exposure. In L. donovani-infected BALB/c mice, DB766-posaconazole combinations given orally for 5 days were more effective than DB766 or posaconazole alone. For example, 81% ± 1% (means ± standard errors) inhibition of liver parasite burden was observed for 37.5 mg/kg of body weight DB766 plus 15 mg/kg posaconazole, while 37.5 mg/kg DB766 and 15 mg/kg posaconazole administered as monotherapy gave 40% ± 5% and 21% ± 3% inhibition, respectively. Combination index (CI) analysis indicated that synergy or moderate synergy was observed in six of nine combined dose groups, while the other three were nearly additive. Liver concentrations of DB766 and posaconazole increased in almost all combination groups compared to monotherapy groups, although many increases were not statistically significant. For DB766-ketoconazole combinations evaluated in this model, two were antagonistic, one displayed synergy, and one was nearly additive. These data indicate that the efficacy of DB766-posaconazole and DB766-ketoconazole combinations in vivo is influenced in part by the pharmacokinetics of the combination, and that the former combination deserves further consideration in developing new treatment strategies against visceral leishmaniasis.
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Zhu X, Farahat AA, Mattamana M, Joice A, Pandharkar T, Holt E, Banerjee M, Gragg JL, Hu L, Kumar A, Yang S, Wang MZ, Boykin DW, Werbovetz KA. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of mono-arylimidamides as antileishmanial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2551-2556. [PMID: 27048943 PMCID: PMC4841789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arylimidamide (AIA) compounds containing two pyridylimidamide terminal groups (bis-AIAs) possess outstanding in vitro antileishmanial activity, and the frontrunner bis-AIA DB766 (2,5-bis[2-(2-isopropoxy)-4-(2-pyridylimino)aminophenyl]furan) is active in visceral leishmaniasis models when given orally. Eighteen compounds containing a single pyridylimidamide terminal group (mono-AIAs) were synthesized and evaluated for their antileishmanial potential. Six of these compounds exhibited sub-micromolar potency against both intracellular Leishmania donovani and Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes, and three of these compounds also displayed selectivity indexes of 25 or greater for the parasites compared to a J774 macrophage cell line. When given orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for five days, compound 1b (N-(3-isopropoxy-4-(5-phenylfuran-2-yl)phenyl)picolinimidamide methanesulfonate) reduced liver parasitemia by 46% in L. donovani-infected mice. Mono-AIAs are thus a new class of candidate molecules for antileishmanial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abdelbasset A Farahat
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Meena Mattamana
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - April Joice
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Trupti Pandharkar
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Elizabeth Holt
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Moloy Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Jamie L Gragg
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Laixing Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Sihyung Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Michael Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David W Boykin
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Karl A Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Chen W, Bao H, Wang D, Wang X, Li Y, Hu Y. Chemoselective hydrogenation of nitrobenzyl ethers to aminobenzyl ethers catalyzed by palladium–nickel bimetallic nanoparticles. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu ZY, Wenzler T, Brun R, Zhu X, Boykin DW. Synthesis and antiparasitic activity of new bis-arylimidamides: DB766 analogs modified in the terminal groups. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Studies on the antileishmanial mechanism of action of the arylimidamide DB766: azole interactions and role of CYP5122A1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4682-9. [PMID: 24890590 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02405-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Arylimidamides (AIAs) are inspired by diamidine antimicrobials but show superior activity against intracellular parasites. The AIA DB766 {2,5-bis[2-(2-i-propoxy)-4-(2-pyridylimino)aminophenyl]furan hydrochloride} displays outstanding potency against intracellular Leishmania parasites and is effective in murine and hamster models of visceral leishmaniasis when given orally, but its mechanism of action is unknown. In this study, through the use of continuous DB766 pressure, we raised Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes that displayed 12-fold resistance to this compound. These DB766-resistant (DB766R) parasites were 2-fold more sensitive to miltefosine than wild-type organisms and were hypersensitive to the sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) inhibitors ketoconazole and posaconazole (2,000-fold more sensitive and over 12,000-fold more sensitive than the wild type, respectively). Western blot analysis of DB766R parasites indicated that while expression of CYP51 is slightly increased in these organisms, expression of CYP5122A1, a recently identified cytochrome P450 associated with ergosterol metabolism in Leishmania, is dramatically reduced in DB766R parasites. In vitro susceptibility assays demonstrated that CYP5122A1 half-knockout L. donovani promastigotes were significantly less susceptible to DB766 and more susceptible to ketoconazole than their wild-type counterparts, consistent with observations in DB766R parasites. Further, DB766-posaconazole combinations displayed synergistic activity in both axenic and intracellular L. donovani amastigotes. Taken together, these studies implicate CYP5122A1 in the antileishmanial action of the AIAs and suggest that DB766-azole combinations are potential candidates for the development of synergistic antileishmanial therapy.
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In vitro and in vivo studies of the biological activity of novel arylimidamides against Trypanosoma cruzi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4191-5. [PMID: 24590476 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01403-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen novel arylimidamides (AIAs) (6 bis-amidino and 9 mono-amidino analogues) were assayed against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo. All the bis-AIAs were more effective than the mono-AIAs, and two analogues, DB1967 and DB1989, were further evaluated in vivo. Although both of them reduced parasitemia, protection against mortality was not achieved. Our results show that the number of amidino-terminal units affects the efficacy of arylimidamides against T. cruzi.
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Novel amidines and analogues as promising agents against intracellular parasites: a systematic review. Parasitology 2013; 140:929-51. [PMID: 23561006 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182013000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic protozoa comprise diverse aetiological agents responsible for important diseases in humans and animals including sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis and others. They are major causes of mortality and morbidity in tropical and subtropical countries, and are also responsible for important economic losses. However, up to now, for most of these parasitic diseases, effective vaccines are lacking and the approved chemotherapeutic compounds present high toxicity, increasing resistance, limited efficacy and require long periods of treatment. Many of these parasitic illnesses predominantly affect low-income populations of developing countries for which new pharmaceutical alternatives are urgently needed. Thus, very low research funding is available. Amidine-containing compounds such as pentamidine are DNA minor groove binders with a broad spectrum of activities against human and veterinary pathogens. Due to their promising microbicidal activity but their rather poor bioavailability and high toxicity, many analogues and derivatives, including pro-drugs, have been synthesized and screened in vitro and in vivo in order to improve their selectivity and pharmacological properties. This review summarizes the knowledge on amidines and analogues with respect to their synthesis, pharmacological profile, mechanistic and biological effects upon a range of intracellular protozoan parasites. The bulk of these data may contribute to the future design and structure optimization of new aromatic dicationic compounds as novel antiparasitic drug candidates.
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