1
|
Almehdi AM, Soliman SSM, El-Shorbagi ANA, Westwell AD, Hamdy R. Design, Synthesis, and Potent Anticancer Activity of Novel Indole-Based Bcl-2 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14656. [PMID: 37834104 PMCID: PMC10572575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family plays a crucial role in regulating cell apoptosis, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this study, a series of indole-based compounds, U1-6, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activity against Bcl-2-expressing cancer cell lines. The binding affinity, safety profile, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis effects of the compounds were tested. The designed compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity at sub-micromolar IC50 concentrations against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and A549 cell lines. Notably, U2 and U3 demonstrated the highest activity, particularly against MCF-7 cells. Respectively, both U2 and U3 showed potential BCL-2 inhibition activity with IC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.02 and 11.10 ± 0.07 µM using an ELISA binding assay compared with 0.62 ± 0.01 µM for gossypol, employed as a positive control. Molecular docking analysis suggested stable interactions of compound U2 at the Bcl-2 binding site through hydrogen bonding, pi-pi stacking, and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, U2 demonstrated significant induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. Importantly, U2 displayed a favourable safety profile on HDF human dermal normal fibroblast cells at 10-fold greater IC50 values compared with MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of compound U2 as a Bcl-2 inhibitor and provide insights into its molecular mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Almehdi
- College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | | | - Andrew D. Westwell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Rania Hamdy
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Synthesis of indole-based oxadiazoles and their interaction with bacterial peptidoglycan and SARS-CoV-2 main protease: In vitro, molecular docking and in silico ADME/Tox study. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8993490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, Indole-based-oxadiazole (1A-17A) compounds were successfully synthesized. The structures of all synthesized compounds were fully characterized by different sophisticated spectroscopic techniques such 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HREI-MS. Further, the synthesized compounds were explored to investigate their broad-spectrum antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The compounds possessed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity having MIC values of values 1–8 mg/ml against the tested microorganisms. Compound A6 and A7 shows maximum antibacterial activity against MDR-PA, whereas A6, A7 and A11 shows highest activity against MRSA. Furthermore, antibiofilm assay shows that A6, A7 and A11 showed maximum inhibition of biofilm formation and it was found that at 4 mg/ml; A6, A7 and A11 inhibit MRSA biofilm formation by 81.1, 77.5 and 75.9%, respectively; whereas in case of P. aeruginosa; A6 and A7 showed maximum biofilm inhibition and inhibit biofilm formation by 81.5 and 73.7%, respectively. Molecular docking study showed that compounds A6, A7, A8, A10, and A11 had high binding affinity to bacterial peptidoglycan, indicating their potential inhibitory activity against tested bacteria, whereas A6 and A11 were found to be the most effective inhibitors of SARS CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro), with a binding affinity of − 7.78 kcal/mol. Furthermore, SwissADME and pkCSM-pharmacokinetics online tools was applied to calculate the ADME/Tox profile of the synthesized compounds and the toxicity of these chemicals was found to be low. The Lipinski, Veber, Ghose, and Consensus LogP criteria were also used to predict drug-likeness levels of the compounds. Our findings imply that the synthesized compounds could be a useful for the preventing and treating biofilm-related microbial infection as well as SARS-CoV2 infections.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar S, Patil MT, Salunke DB. Indole based prostate cancer agents. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer weakens the immune system which fails to fight against the rapidly growing cells. Among the various types of cancers, prostate cancer (PCa) is causing greater number of deaths in men after lung cancer, demanding advancement to prevent, detect and treat PCa. Several small molecule heterocycles and few peptides are being used as oncological drugs targeting PCa. Heterocycles are playing crucial role in the development of novel cancer chemotherapeutics as well as immunotherapeutics. Indole skeleton, being a privileged structure has been extensively used for the discovery of novel anticancer agents and the application of indole derivatives against breast cancer is well documented. The present article highlights the usefulness of indole linked heterocyclic compounds as well as the fused indole derivatives against prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh , 160014 , India
- Department of Chemistry , J. C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA , Faridabad 121006 , Haryana , India
| | - Madhuri T. Patil
- Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women , Sector 36A , Chandigarh 160036 , India
| | - Deepak B. Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh , 160014 , India
- National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Izgi S, Sengul IF, Şahin E, Koca MS, Cebeci F, Kandemir H. Synthesis of 7-azaindole based carbohydrazides and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles; Antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibition properties and docking study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Liu HJ, Huang X, Shen QK, Deng H, Li Z, Quan ZS. Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activity Evaluation of Hybrids of Azoles and Barbituric Acids. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:144-155. [PMID: 34567152 PMCID: PMC8457749 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113547.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to find new drugs with potent antiproliferative effect, a series of novel barbituric acid derivatives containing azoles at the C-5 position were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines (BEL-7402, MCF-7, and HCT-116) using MTT assay. Several of the synthesized compounds exhibited potent antiproliferative effects. The most promising compound was 5-((1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) methylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (3s), which showed considerably high antiproliferative activity in the BEL-7402 cell line, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 4.02 µM and 20.45-fold higher selectivity for BEL-7402 cells than for normal L02 cells. The apoptosis experiment showed that compound 3s induced apoptosis and cell necrosis in a concentration-dependent manner and exert its anti-proliferative activity. Therefore, compound 3s exhibited better therapeutic activity and specificity compared with the positive control 5-fluorouracil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affifiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Atukuri D, Gunjal R, Holagundi N, Korlahalli B, Gangannavar S, Akkasali K. Contribution of N-heterocycles towards anti-tubercular drug discovery (2014-2019); predicted and reengineered molecular frameworks. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:767-783. [PMID: 33660325 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for high death frequency every year all over the world. In this regard, efficient drug-design and discovery towards the prevention of M.tb H37 Rv is of prime concern. Prevention of the infection may include vaccination, and the treatment comprises anti-TB drug regimen. However, the vaccine decreases the risk of tuberculosis infection only to some extent, while drug-resistance limits the efficacy of the existing anti-TB agents. Much improvement has to be achieved to overcome pitfalls such as side effects, high-toxicity, low bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and hence forth in clinical therapeutics. Amongst heterocyclic compounds, N-heterocycles played a pivotal role in drug-design and discovery. A wide range of microbial diseases are being treated by the N-heterocyclic drugs. The present review comprises description of anti-TB effects of the N-heterocycles such as indoles, triazoles, thiazoles, and pyrazoles. The potent anti-TB activity exerted by the derivatives of these heterocycles is evaluated critically alongside emphasizing structure-activity relationship. Besides, docking studies supporting anti-TB activity is supplemented. Alongside this, based on the potent heterocyclic molecules, the molecular frameworks are designed that would bring about enhanced M. tb H37 Rv inhibitory potencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorababu Atukuri
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
| | - Rutu Gunjal
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
| | - Nagaraj Holagundi
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
| | | | | | - Kirankumar Akkasali
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alomari M, Taha M, Rahim F, Selvaraj M, Iqbal N, Chigurupati S, Hussain S, Uddin N, Almandil NB, Nawaz M, Khalid Farooq R, Khan KM. Synthesis of indole-based-thiadiazole derivatives as a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase enzyme along with in silico study. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104638. [PMID: 33508679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of nineteen (1-19) indole-based-thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized, characterized by 1HNMR, 13C NMR, MS, and screened for α-glucosidase inhibition. All analogs showed varied α-glucosidase inhibitory potential with IC50 value ranged between 0.95 ± 0.05 to 13.60 ± 0.30 µM, when compared with the standard acarbose (IC50 = 1.70 ± 0.10). Analogs 17, 2, 1, 9, 7, 3, 15, 10, 16, and 14 with IC50 values 0.95 ± 0.05, 1.10 ± 0.10, 1.30 ± 0.10, 1.60 ± 0.10, 2.30 ± 0.10, 2.30 ± 0.10, 2.80 ± 0.10, 4.10 ± 0.20 and 4.80 ± 0.20 µM respectively showed highest α-glucosidase inhibition. All other analogs also exhibit excellent inhibitory potential. Structure activity relationships have been established for all compounds primarily based on substitution pattern on the phenyl ring. Through molecular docking study, binding interactions of the most active compounds were confirmed. We further studied the kinetics study of analogs 1, 2, 9 and 17 and found that they are Non-competitive inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munther Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Manikandan Selvaraj
- Monash University School of Chemical Engineering, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry University of Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University Of Baltistan, Skardu, Kargil-Skardu Road, Hussainabad, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gaddam GR, Dubey PK, Chittireddy VRR. Synthesis of Indolyl Pyrazole Scaffolds as Potential Anti-cancer Agents and their Molecular Modelling Studies. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666191024103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Indole and pyrazoles are one of the prime structural units in the field of
medicinal chemistry and have been reported to exhibit a variety of biological activities specifically
anti-cancer. In view of their medicinal significance, we synthesized a conjugate of the two moieties
to get access to newer and potential anti-cancer agents.
Methods:
Indolyl pyrazoles [3-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-(1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbon
yl)acrylonitriles] (4a-l) were synthesized by adopting simple and greener protocol and all the synthesized
derivatives were docked against Bcl-2 protein and the selected chemical moieties were
screened for their cytotoxicity by using the MTT assay.
Results: :
All the synthesized compounds were docked against BCL-2 protein in order to understand
their binding pattern. Among the 12 compounds docked, 4d, 4f, 4h, 4j, and 4l compounds exhibited
better protein binding interactions and the same were screened for their anti-cancer activity against
A549 (lung) cancer cell lines at a concentration of 100 μM using Doxorubicin as standard. Substitutions
such as N-benzyl, N-ethyl groups and halogen groups such as Br, Cl on indole ring showed
moderate activity against A-549 cell lines.
Conclusion::
Among the 5 indolyl pyrazole derivatives screened, compounds 4h and 4j showed significantly
better activity with an IC50 of 33.12 and 34.24 μM, respectively. Further, structural tweaking
of the synthesized new chemical entities may lead to potential hit/lead-like molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganga Reddy Gaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 085, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 085, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ibrahim M, Taha M, Almandil NB, Kawde AN, Nawaz M. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of some biologically important indole-based-sulfonamide derivatives. BMC Chem 2020; 14:38. [PMID: 32514499 PMCID: PMC7254745 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of indole-based-sulfonamide derivatives (A1–A8) was synthesized by treating 5-fluoro-1H-indole-3-carbohydrazide with different aryl-sulfonyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. All synthesized derivatives (A1–A8) were characterized by different analytical methods. The electrochemical behavior of these compounds (A1–A8) was investigated in detail using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) at the pencil graphite electrode (PGE). In the present study, the redox behavior of all derivatives varies due to the nature of substitutions in the indole sulfonamide moiety. Various fundamental electrochemical parameters, including the standard heterogeneous rate constants (ks), and the electroactive surface coverage (Г) were calculated from the obtained CVs. The obtained results shed light on the understanding of structure–activity relationships of this class of compounds.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Nasser Kawde
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chehardoli G, Bahmani A. Synthetic strategies, SAR studies, and computer modeling of indole 2 and 3-carboxamides as the strong enzyme inhibitors: a review. Mol Divers 2020; 25:535-550. [PMID: 32394235 PMCID: PMC7214098 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Indole derivatives have been the focus of many researchers in the study of pharmaceutical compounds for many years. Researchers have investigated the effect of carboxamide moiety at positions 2 and 3, giving unique inhibitory properties to these compounds. The presence of carboxamide moiety in indole derivatives causes hydrogen bonds with a variety of enzymes and proteins, which in many cases, inhibits their activity. In this review, synthetic strategies of indole 2 and 3-carboxamide derivatives, the type, and mode of interaction of these derivatives against HLGP, HIV-1, renin enzyme, and structure–activity studies of these compounds were investigated. It is hoped that indole scaffolds will be tested in the future for maximum activity in pharmacological compounds. Graphic abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gholamabbas Chehardoli
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Asrin Bahmani
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kawde AN, Taha M, Alansari RS, Almandil NB, Anouar EH, Uddin N, Rahim F, Chigurupati S, Nawaz M, Hayat S, Ibrahim M, Elakurthy PK, Vijayan V, Morsy M, Ibrahim H, Baig N, Khan KM. Exploring efficacy of indole-based dual inhibitors for α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes: In silico, biochemical and kinetic studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:217-232. [PMID: 32173438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
α-Glucosidase and α-amylase are enzymes which are associated with diabetic II. These enzymes break macromolecules of sugar into monosugar molecules which is soluble in body, hence increase the sugar level in blood. There is need to develop economical and save inhibitors to prevent them from breaking sugar macromolecules to soluble molecules which will control the level of sugar in blood. Therefore, we synthesized indole-based derivatives (1-18) and evaluated as dual inhibitor for α-glucosidase and α-amylase. These chemical scaffolds were built with variation in aryl ring which were found active with good to moderate activity for α-glucosidase having IC50 value ranging from 13.99 ± 0.10 to 59.09 ± 0.30 μM when compared with standard acarbose with IC50 of 11.29 ± 0.10 μM; for α-amylase IC50 value ranging from 13.14 ± 0.10 to 58.99 ± 0.30 μM when compared with the standard acarbose with IC50 of 11.12 ± 0.10 μM. Structure activity relationship (SAR) has been established for all compounds. Enzymatic kinetic study and molecular docking study have been carried out to investigate the binding interactions α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Nasser Kawde
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raneem Saud Alansari
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawkat Hayat
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohamad Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohamed Morsy
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossieny Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nadeem Baig
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bingul M, Saglam MF, Kandemir H, Boga M, Sengul IF. Synthesis of indole-2-carbohydrazides and 2-(indol-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles as antioxidants and their acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
13
|
DHFR Inhibitors: Reading the Past for Discovering Novel Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061140. [PMID: 30909399 PMCID: PMC6471984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors are an important class of drugs, as evidenced by their use as antibacterial, antimalarial, antifungal, and anticancer agents. Progress in understanding the biochemical basis of mechanisms responsible for enzyme selectivity and antiproliferative effects has renewed the interest in antifolates for cancer chemotherapy and prompted the medicinal chemistry community to develop novel and selective human DHFR inhibitors, thus leading to a new generation of DHFR inhibitors. This work summarizes the mechanism of action, chemical, and anticancer profile of the DHFR inhibitors discovered in the last six years. New strategies in DHFR drug discovery are also provided, in order to thoroughly delineate the current landscape for medicinal chemists interested in furthering this study in the anticancer field.
Collapse
|
14
|
Taha M, Baharudin MS, Ismail NH, Imran S, Khan MN, Rahim F, Selvaraj M, Chigurupati S, Nawaz M, Qureshi F, Vijayabalan S. Synthesis, α-amylase inhibitory potential and molecular docking study of indole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:36-42. [PMID: 29864686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
15
|
Costa Duarte RD, Kommers Reimann L, Severo Rodembusch F, Gustavo Teixeira Alves Duarte L. 1-Butyl-2,3,3-trimethylindol-1-ium iodide. IUCRDATA 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314618011306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title molecular salt, C15H22N+·I−, the fused-ring system is slightly puckered [dihedral angle between the five- and six-membered rings = 3.43 (8)°]. In the crystal, very weak C—H...I interactions link the cations to the anions. Photophysical data for the title salt in different solvents are presented.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gupta S, Maurya P, Upadhyay A, Kushwaha P, Krishna S, Siddiqi MI, Sashidhara KV, Banerjee D. Synthesis and bio-evaluation of indole-chalcone based benzopyrans as promising antiligase and antiproliferative agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1981-1996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
17
|
Noreen T, Taha M, Imran S, Chigurupati S, Rahim F, Selvaraj M, Ismail NH, Mohammad JI, Ullah H, javid MT, Nawaz F, Irshad M, Ali M. Synthesis of alpha amylase inhibitors based on privileged indole scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:248-255. [PMID: 28482265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
18
|
Pillaiyar T, Köse M, Sylvester K, Weighardt H, Thimm D, Borges G, Förster I, von Kügelgen I, Müller CE. Diindolylmethane Derivatives: Potent Agonists of the Immunostimulatory Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR84. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3636-3655. [PMID: 28406627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Gi protein-coupled receptor GPR84, which is activated by (hydroxy)fatty acids, is highly expressed on immune cells. Recently, 3,3'-diindolylmethane was identified as a heterocyclic, nonlipid-like GPR84 agonist. We synthesized a broad range of diindolylmethane derivatives by condensation of indoles with formaldehyde in water under microwave irradiation. The products were evaluated at the human GPR84 in cAMP and β-arrestin assays. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) were steep. 3,3'-Diindolylmethanes bearing small lipophilic residues at the 5- and/or 7-position of the indole rings displayed the highest activity in cAMP assays, the most potent agonists being di(5-fluoro-1H-indole-3-yl)methane (38, PSB-15160, EC50 80.0 nM) and di(5,7-difluoro-1H-indole-3-yl)methane (57, PSB-16671, EC50 41.3 nM). In β-arrestin assays, SARs were different, indicating biased agonism. The new compounds were selective versus related fatty acid receptors and the arylhydrocarbon receptor. Selected compounds were further investigated and found to display an ago-allosteric mechanism of action and increased stability in comparison to the lead structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Meryem Köse
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Immunology and Environment, University of Bonn , Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Thimm
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gleice Borges
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Immunology and Environment, University of Bonn , Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivar von Kügelgen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn , 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kamath PR, Sunil D, Ajees AA, Pai K, Biswas S. N′-((2-(6-bromo-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide as a probable Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor with apoptotic and anti-metastatic potential. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:134-47. [PMID: 27187865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A wide number of marketed drugs and drug candidates in cancer clinical development contain halogen substituents. The aim of the present study was to synthesize a series of halogen incorporated indole-coumarin hybrid schiff bases - N'-((2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)benzohydrazides and to investigate their apoptotic and anti-migratory potential in human breast adenocarcinoma cells as well as to examine their Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein binding ability via in silico docking. Hybrid 5g with a bromine atom in position-7 of coumarin ring displayed significant dose dependent cytotoxic activity with high selectivity to MCF-7 cells in MTT assay. Cell cycle progression analysis of 5g treated cells using flow cytometer exhibited a cell cycle arrest in the S phase and accumulation of cells in the subG1 phase. The apoptotic mode of cell death induced by 5g was further confirmed by Annexin-V staining assay. The wound healing assay revealed a profound impairment in the migration of MCF-7 cells presumably due to down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins induced by 5g as observed in immunoblotting analysis. SAR studies of these hybrid molecules based on cell viability and docking were also probed. The most active pharmacophore 5g was found to bind favourably to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in docking simulation analysis suggesting it to be a probable small molecule Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor and a potential lead for breast cancer chemotherapy with apoptotic and anti-metastatic properties.
Collapse
|
20
|
Shaveta, Mishra S, Singh P. Hybrid molecules: The privileged scaffolds for various pharmaceuticals. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:500-536. [PMID: 27598238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The practice of polypharmacology is not a new concept but the approaches which are being adopted for administering the two or more drugs together are varied from time to time. Taking two or more drugs simultaneously, co-formulation of two or more active agents in a single tablet and development of hybrid molecular entities capable to modulate multiple targets are the three popular approaches for multidrug therapy. The simultaneous use of more than one drug for the chemotherapy of a single disease demands a lot of patient compliance. Hence the present form of polypharmacology is gaining popularity in the form of hybrid molecules (multiple ligand approach). From the last 1-2 decades, the synthesis of hybrid molecules by the combination of different biologically relevant moieties has been under constant escalation along with their evaluation as diverse range of pharmacological agents and as potent drugs. This review is focused on the biological potential of hybrid molecules with particular mention of those exhibiting anti-fungal, anti-tuberculosis, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. A comparison of the drug potency of the hybrid molecules with their individual counterparts is discussed for quantifying the significance of the concept of molecular hybridisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaveta
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Sahil Mishra
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Palwinder Singh
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Desai NC, Somani H, Trivedi A, Bhatt K, Nawale L, Khedkar VM, Jha PC, Sarkar D. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of some novel indole and pyridine based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potential antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1776-83. [PMID: 26920799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of indole and pyridine based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives 5a-t were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (MTB) and Mycobacterium bovis BCG both in active and dormant state. Compounds 5b, 5e, 5g and 5q exhibited very good antitubercular activity. All the newly synthesized compounds 5a-t were further evaluated for anti-proliferative activity against HeLa, A549 and PANC-1 cell lines using modified MTT assay and found to be noncytotoxic. On the basis of cytotoxicity and MIC values against Mycobacterium bovis BCG, selectivity index (SI) of most active compounds 5b, 5e, 5g and 5q was calculated (SI=GI50/MIC) in active and dormant state. Compounds 5b, 5e and 5g demonstrated SI values ⩾10 against all three cell lines and were found to safe for advance screening. Compounds 5a-t were further screened for their antibacterial activity against four bacteria strains to assess their selectivity towards MTB. In addition, the molecular docking studies revealed the binding modes of these compounds in active site of enoyl reductase (InhA), which in turn helped to establish a structural basis of inhibition of mycobacteria. The potency, low cytotoxicity and selectivity of these compounds make them valid lead compounds for further optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N C Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry (DST-FIST Sponsored), Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Hardik Somani
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry (DST-FIST Sponsored), Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Trivedi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry (DST-FIST Sponsored), Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Kandarp Bhatt
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry (DST-FIST Sponsored), Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Laxman Nawale
- Combi Chem Bio Resource Centre, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- Combi Chem Bio Resource Centre, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Prakash C Jha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar 382 030, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combi Chem Bio Resource Centre, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nagarsenkar A, Prajapti SK, Guggilapu SD, Birineni S, Sravanti Kotapalli S, Ummanni R, Babu BN. Investigation of triazole-linked indole and oxindole glycoconjugates as potential anticancer agents: novel Akt/PKB signaling pathway inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00513b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel triazole-linked indole and oxindole glycoconjugates as inhibitors of the Akt/PKB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atulya Nagarsenkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Santosh Kumar Prajapti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Sravanthi Devi Guggilapu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Swetha Birineni
- Center for Chemical Biology
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT)
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Sudha Sravanti Kotapalli
- Center for Chemical Biology
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT)
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Center for Chemical Biology
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT)
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Bathini Nagendra Babu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Hyderabad
- India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kamath PR, Sunil D, Ajees AA, Pai K, Das S. Some new indole–coumarin hybrids; Synthesis, anticancer and Bcl-2 docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2015; 63:101-9. [PMID: 26469742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Unconventional Knoevenagel-type indoles: Synthesis and cell-based studies for the identification of pro-apoptotic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:648-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
25
|
Singh P, Kaur J, Singh G, Bhatti R. Triblock Conjugates: Identification of a Highly Potent Antiinflammatory Agent. J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palwinder Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Jagroop Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| |
Collapse
|